VECTORES Y MATRICES

CESAR DIEGO VARGAS MOTTA (20202191503)

TALLER 2

PRESENTADO A: DIEGO MAURICIO ECHEVERRI SUAZA, MATEMÁTICO

DOCENTE DE LA UNIVERSIDAD SURCOLOMBIANA

INGENIERÍA ELECTRÓNICA
ALGEBRA LINEAL
NEIVA-HUILA
05/04/2021
 VECTORES Y MATRICES

1. Usa los vectores para demostrar que los puntos son vértices de un paralelogramo y calcula
su área.
R/
𝐴 = (1,1,3) 𝐵 = (9, −1, −2) 𝐶 = (11,2, −9) 𝐷 = (3,4, −4)

⃗
𝐵𝐴 = 𝑇 ⃗
𝐷𝐶 = 𝑈 ⃗
𝐷𝐴 = 𝑉 ⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 = 𝑊

⃗ = (1 − 9 , 1(−1) , 3 − (−2)) = (−8 , 2 , 5)

𝑇

⃗ = (11 − 3 , 2 − 4 , −9 − (−4)) = (8 , −2 , −5)

𝑈

⃗ = (1 − 3 , 1 − 4 , 3 − (−4)) = (−2 , −3 , 7)
𝑉

⃗⃗⃗ = (11 − 9 , 2 − (−1) , −9 − (−2)) = (2 , 3 , −7)

𝑊
 ⃗ ‖ = √(−8)2 + 22 + 52 = √93 = 9,64 𝑢
‖𝑇

⃗ ‖ = √82 + (−2)2 + (−5)2 = √93 = 9,64 𝑢

‖𝑈
Si es un paralelogramo de
tipo romboide
⃗ ‖ = √(−2)2 + (−3)2 + 72 = √62 = 7,87 𝑢
‖𝑉

⃗⃗⃗ ‖ = √22 + 32 + (−7)2 = √62 = 7,87 𝑢

‖𝑊

Área →

𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
⃗⃗⃗ = (−8 2 5 ) = 𝑖 (2 5 ) − 𝑗 (−8 5 ) + 𝑘 (−8 2)
⃗𝑇 × 𝑊
3 −7 2 −7 2 3
2 3 −7

= 𝑖 (2 ∗ (−7) − 5 ∗ 3) − 𝑗((−8) ∗ (−7) − 5 ∗ 2) + 𝑘((−8) ∗ 3 − 2 ∗ 2)

= 𝑖 (−29) − 𝑗(46) + 𝑘 (−28) = (−29 , −46 , −28) = 𝑅⃗

‖𝑅⃗‖ = √(−29)2 + (−46)2 + (−28)2 = √3741 ≈ 61,2 𝑢2

Prueba del resultado →

𝑅⃗ ∙ 𝑇
⃗ = (−29 , −46 , −28) ∙ (−8 , 2 , 5) = 232 − 92 − 140 = 0

𝑅⃗ ∙ 𝑊
⃗⃗⃗ = (−29 , −46 , −28) ∙ (2 , 3 , −7) = −58 − 138 + 196 = 0

2. Calcular el área del triangulo con los vértices dados.

R/
𝐴 = (0 , 0 , 0) 𝐵 = (1 , 0 , 3) 𝐶 = (−3 , 2 , 0)
 ⃗
𝐵𝐴 = 𝑉 ⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 = 𝑊

⃗ = (0 − 1 , 0 − 0 , 0 − 3) = (−1 , 0 , −3)
𝑉
⃗⃗⃗ = (−3 − 1 , 2 − 0 , 0 − 3) = (−4 , 2 , −3)
𝑊

Área →

𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
⃗⃗⃗ = (−1 0 −3) = 𝑖 (0
⃗𝑉 × 𝑊 −3
)− 𝑗(
−1 −3
)+𝑘(
−1 0
)
2 −3 −4 −3 −4 2
−4 2 −3

= 𝑖(0 ∗ (−3) − (−3) ∗ 2) − 𝑗((−1) ∗ (−3) − (−3) ∗ (−4) + 𝑘((−1) ∗ 2 − 0 ∗ (−4))

= 𝑖 (6) − 𝑗(−9) + 𝑘 (−2) = (6 , 9 , −2) = 𝑅⃗

 ‖𝑅⃗‖ = √62 + 92 + (−2)2 = √121 = 11 𝑢2

‖𝑅⃗‖
= Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜
2

11
= 5,5 𝑢2
2

Prueba del resultado →

𝑅⃗ ∙ 𝑉
⃗ = (6 , 9 , −2) ∙ (−1 , 0 , −3) = (−6 + 6) = 0

𝑅⃗ ∙ 𝑊
⃗⃗⃗ = (6 , 9 , −2) ∙ (−4 , 2 , −3) = (−24 + 18 + 6) = 0

3. En los siguientes problemas determine si la matriz es invertible. De ser así, calcule la

inversa y transpuesta.
R/

2 1
𝐴=( ) → 𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴) = (2 ∗ 2) − (1 ∗ 3) = 1
3 2

𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴) ≠ 0 → 𝐿𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑧 𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒

Transpuesta de A →

2 3
𝐴𝑇 = ( )
1 2

Inversa de A →

𝐴𝑑𝑗(𝐴)𝑇
𝐴−1 =
𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴)

𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑖𝑗 (𝐴) = (−1)𝑖+𝑗 ∙ 𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴𝑖𝑗 )

𝐴𝑑𝑗11 (𝐴) = (−1)1+1 ∗ 2 = 2

𝐴𝑑𝑗12 (𝐴) = (−1)1+2 ∗ 3 = −3

2 −3
𝐴𝑑𝑗(𝐴) = ( )
1 2
𝐴𝑑𝑗21(𝐴) = (−1)2+1 ∗ 1 = −1

𝐴𝑑𝑗22(𝐴) = (−1)2+2 ∗ 2 = 2

2 −1
( )
2 −1 −3 2 2 −1
𝐴𝑑𝑗(𝐴)𝑇 = ( ) → 𝐴−1 = =( )
−3 2 1 −3 2

0 1 3
0 1 3 3 4 −2
𝐵=( 3 4 −2) → −1 5 8
−1 5 8 0 1 3
(3 4 −2)

𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐵) = [(0 ∗ 4 ∗ 8) + (3 ∗ 5 ∗ 3) + (−1 ∗ 1 ∗ (−2))]

− [(3 ∗ 4 ∗ (−1)) + (−2 ∗ 5 ∗ 0) + (8 ∗ 1 ∗ 3)] = 47 − 12 = 35

𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐵) ≠ 0 → 𝐿𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑧 𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒

Transpuesta de B →

0 3 −1
𝑇
𝐵 = (1 4 5)
3 −2 8

Inversa de B →

𝐴𝑑𝑗(𝐴)𝑇
𝐴−1 =
𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴)

𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑖𝑗 (𝐴) = (−1)𝑖+𝑗 ∙ 𝐷𝑒𝑡(𝐴𝑖𝑗 )

𝐴𝑑𝑗11 (𝐵) = (−1)1+1 [(4 ∗ 8) − ((−2) ∗ 5)] = 42

𝐴𝑑𝑗12 (𝐵) = (−1)1+2 [(3 ∗ 8) − ((−2) ∗ (−1))] = −22

𝐴𝑑𝑗13 (𝐵) = (−1)1+3 [(3 ∗ 5) − (4 ∗ (−1))] = 19

𝐴𝑑𝑗21(𝐵) = (−1)2+1 [(1 ∗ 8) − (3 ∗ 5)] = 7

42 −22 19
𝐴𝑑𝑗22(𝐵) = (−1)2+2 [(0 ∗ 8) − (3 ∗ (−1))] = 3 𝐴𝑑𝑗(𝐵) = ( 7 3 −1)
−14 9 −3
𝐴𝑑𝑗23(𝐵) = (−1)2+3 [(0 ∗ 5) − (1 ∗ (−1))] = −1

𝐴𝑑𝑗31(𝐵) = (−1)3+1 [(1 ∗ (−2)) − (3 ∗ 4)] = −14

𝐴𝑑𝑗32(𝐵) = (−1)3+2 [(0 ∗ (−2)) − (3 ∗ 3)] = 9

𝐴𝑑𝑗33(𝐵) = (−1)3+3 [(0 ∗ 4) − (1 ∗ 3)] = −3

42 7 −14
(−22 3 9 )
42 7 −14
𝑇
𝐴𝑑𝑗(𝐵) = (−22 3 9 ) → 𝐵−1 = 19 −1 −3
35
19 −1 −3

6/5 1/5 −2/5

𝐵−1 = (−22/35 3/35 9/35 )
19/35 −1/35 −3/35