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TAREA 3
SOLUCIONES AMORIGUADORAS
R//
𝐶7 𝐻6 𝑂3 ↔ 𝐶7 𝐻5 𝑂3− + 𝐻 +
𝑝𝑘𝑎 = 2.97
Se realiza ICE
𝐶7 𝐻6 𝑂3 + 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 → 𝐶7 𝐻5 𝑂3−
5.285 ∗ 10−4 X 0
-X -X +X
5.285 ∗ 10−4 0 +X
−𝑋
[𝐶7 𝐻5 𝑂3−]
𝑝𝐻 = 𝑝𝑘𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔
[𝐶7 𝐻6 𝑂3]
𝑋
3.50 = 2.97 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔
5.285 ∗ 10−4 − 𝑋
𝑋
3.50 − 2.97 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔
5.285 ∗ 10−4 − 𝑋
𝑋
100.53 = 105.285∗10−4 −𝑋
𝑋
3.38 =
5.285 ∗ 10−4 − 𝑋
3.38(5.285 ∗ 10−4 − 𝑋) = 𝑋
𝐿 𝑠𝑙𝑛
4.493 ∗ 10−4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 ( ) = 2.224 ∗ 10−3 𝐿 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
0.202𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
= 2.224𝑚𝐿
[𝐶6 𝐻4 𝑁𝑂2− ]
5.50 = 5.39 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔
[𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2 ]
[𝐶6 𝐻4 𝑁𝑂2− ]
5.50 − 5.39 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔
[𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2 ]
[𝐶 𝐻 𝑁𝑂− ]
0.11 𝑙𝑜𝑔 6 4 2
10 = 10 [𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2 ]
[𝐶6 𝐻4 𝑁𝑂2− ]
1.29 =
[𝐶6 𝐻5 𝑁𝑂2 ]
Se realiza ICE
𝑋
1.29 =
0.01 − 𝑋
1.29(0.01 − 𝑋) = 𝑋
0.0129 = 2.29𝑋
𝑋 = 5.63 ∗ 10−3
𝐿𝑠𝑙𝑛 100𝑚𝐿
5.63 ∗ 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 ( )( ) = 5.63𝑚𝐿 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
1𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝐿
3. ¿Cuántos gramos de Na2S04 (PM 142.04) y de ácido sulfúrico (PM 98.08) se deben mezclar
para obtener 1.00 L de tampón de pH 2.80, Y una concentración total de azufre (SO 42- +
HSO4-)= 0.200 M? pKa= 1.99
R//
Se realiza ICE
(𝑦 − 𝑥 ) + (2𝑥 ) = 0.200𝑀
𝑦 + 𝑥 = 0.200𝑀
[𝑆𝑂2−
4
]
𝑝𝐻 = 𝑝𝑘𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔
[𝐻𝑆𝑂4−]
𝑦−𝑥
2.80 − 1.99 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔
2𝑥
𝑦−𝑥
100.81 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔 2𝑥
𝑦−𝑥
6.456 =
2𝑥
2𝑥 (6.456) = 𝑦 − 𝑥
12.912𝑥 + 𝑥 = 𝑦
13.912𝑥 = 𝑦
𝑦 + 𝑥 = 0.200𝑀
13.912𝑥 + 𝑥 = 0.200𝑀
14.912𝑥 = 0.200𝑀
0.200𝑀
𝑥=
14.912
𝑥 = 0.0134
13.912𝑥 = 𝑦
13.912(0.0134) = 𝑦
0.1864 = 𝑦
98.08𝑔 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4
0.0134𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 ( ) = 1.81𝑔 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4
𝐻𝐹 − ↔ 𝐹 − + 𝐻 + 𝑝𝑘𝑎2 = 5.40
𝐻𝐹 − + 𝑂𝐻 − → 𝐹− + 𝐻2 𝑂
0.015 8 ∗ 10−3 0
-8 ∗ -8 ∗ +8 ∗
10−3 10−3 10−3
0.015 0 +8 ∗
−8 10−3
∗ 10−3
−8 ∗ 10−3
𝑝𝐻 = 𝑝𝑘𝑎2 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔
0.015 − 8 ∗ 10−3
−8 ∗ 10−3
𝑝𝐻 = 5.40 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔
0.015 − 8 ∗ 10−3
𝑝𝐻 = 5.46
B) 100mL HCl 0.0800M
𝐻𝐹 − + 𝐻+ → 𝐻2 𝐹
0.015 8 ∗ 10−3 0
−3
-8 ∗ 10 -8 ∗ 10−3 +8 ∗ 10−3
0.015 − 8 0 +8 ∗ 10−3
∗ 10−3
0.015 − 8 ∗ 10−3
𝑝𝐻 = 𝑝𝐾𝑎1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔
8 ∗ 10−3
0.015 − 8 ∗ 10−3
𝑝𝐻 = 2.98 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔
8 ∗ 10−3
𝑝𝐻 = 2.92
Ecuacion 1 𝑉𝑎 + 𝑉𝑏 = 1𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜 → 𝑉𝑎 = 1 − 𝑉𝑏
0.300∗𝑉𝑎−0.200∗𝑉𝑏
Ecuacion 2 9.45 = 10.33 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 0.200∗𝑉𝑏
0.300∗𝑉𝑎−0.200∗𝑉𝑏
10−0.88 = 10 0.200∗𝑉𝑏
0.300 ∗ 𝑉𝑎 − 0.200 ∗ 𝑉𝑏
0.1318 =
0.200 ∗ 𝑉𝑏
0.52636𝑉𝑏 = 0.300
6. ¿Qué masa (g) de ftalato dipotásico se debe añadir a 750 mL de ácido ftálico 0.0500
M para producir una disolución amortiguadora con pH de 5.75?
R//
𝑋 0.0375 0
−0.0375 −0.0375 +2(0.0375)
𝑋 − 0.0375 0 +2(0.0375)
𝑥 − 0.0375
𝑝𝐻 = 𝑝𝑘𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔
0.075
𝑥−0.0375
100.35 = 10 0.075
𝑥 − 0.0375
2.24 =
0.075
2.24(0.075) = 𝑥 − 0.0375
0.168 + 0.0375 = 𝑥