მედია სამართალი და ეთიკა

media, samarTali da eTika
samecniero studenturi konferenciis

naSromebi
gamomcemloba ùniversali~
Tbilisi 2015
UDC(uak)34+17+0507(479.22)(163)+378.4(479.22)(063)
T-388
`media, samarTali da eTika~ 2015 wlis 4-5 ivniss,

TbilisSi, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis sa-
xelmwifo universitetisa da doiCe vele akademiis or-
ganizebiT Catarebuli konferenciis monawileTagan Ser-
Ceuli Svidi saukeTeso moxsenebis krebulia.
gamocema gankuTvnilia studentebisTvis, mecniere-

bisTvis, praqtikaSi moRvaweTaTvis, aseve, mediasamar-
Tlisa da Jurnalistikis sakiTxiT dainteresebuli pi-
rebisTvis.
samecniero redaqtorebi: kaxaber mWedliSvili

sergi jorbenaZe
ydis dizaini: dimitri gegenava
naSromebis krebulad gamocema akademiurad uzrunvelyo

daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis institutma.
krebuli gamodis doiCe vele akademiis finansuri mxar-

daWeriT.
© avtorebi, 2015
gamomcemloba ùniversali~, 2015

Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, : 2 22 36 09, 5(99) 17 22 30
E-mail: universal@internet.ge
ISBN 978-9941-22-614-4
2
sarCevi
winasityvaoba.....................................................................................5
PREFACE ............................................................................................. 8
qeTevan buaZe
sareklamo dro da misi dacva saqarTvelos
konstituciiTa da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis
evropuli konvenciiT ..................................................................... 10
giorgi baRdavaZe
sad gadis zRvari informaciis Tavisufal
gavrcelebasa da piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis
pativiscemas Soris?........................................................................ 29
salome gorgoZe
religiuri Tematika da eTikuri standarti qarTul
onlainmediaSi...................................................................................... 58
nata ZveliSvili
eTikuri problemebi qarTul onlainmediaSi
socialuri qselebis gamoyenebisas........................................ 78
mariam TurqiSvili
mediis gavlena marTlmsajulebaze ........................................ 99
Tamar kareliZe
TviTregulirebis organoebi regionul
mauwyeblebSi ........................................................................................ 120
Tamari mamulaSvili
omari margvelaSvili
siZulvilis ena mediaSi _ gamoxatvis
Tavisuflebis farglebi ............................................................... 133
3
4
w i n a s i t y v a o b a
saqarTveloSi sityvis Tavisuflebis da ganaTlebis

mxardaWera demokratiis qvakuTxedia. gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovania am procesSi aqtiuri, ganaTlebuli moma-
vali Taobis, Cveni studentebis CarTuloba. am perspeq-
tividan, misasalmebelia studentTa samecniero konfe-
renciis `media, samarTali da eTika: Tavisufleba saz-
Rvrebis gareSe?~ naSromebis krebulis gamocema.
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwi-
fo universitetSi, sxvadasxva saganmanaTleblo saWiro-
ebebze saubrisas, xSirad mivsulvarT im azramde, rom
aucilebelia Jurnalistikis da maskomunikaciis depar-
tamentis da iuridiuli fakultetis aqtiuri Tanam-
Sromloba mediasamarTlis aqtualur sakiTxebze. Cveni
saganmanaTleblo miznebi Tanmimdevrulad xorcieldeba
`doiCe vele akademiis~ daxmarebiT. bolo ori wlis
manZilze, momzadda erTloblivi konferenciebi, publi-
kaciebi da ganaxlda saswavlo kursebi. samecniero naS-
romebis es krebulic aris ori fakultetis da avto-
ritetuli saerTaSoriso organizaciis warmatebuli
TanamSromlobis dadastureba. momavali Jurnalistebisa
da iuristebisaTvis, es aris unikaluri SesaZlebloba
diskusiisTvis, CarTulobisTvis, gaxsnili urTierTo-
bisTvis.
ormagad sasixaruloa, rom am krebulSi warmodge-
nili publikaciebis samecniero xarisxi maRalia. inter-
disciplinuri konferenciis organizatorebma mTeli
qveynis masStabiT miiRes 60-ze meti ganacxadi, saidanac
5
SearCies 21 saukeTeso momxsenebeli (eqvsi umaRlesi
saswavleblidan). konferenciaSi monawileobdnen baka-
lavriatis, magistraturisa da doqtoranturis safexu-
ris studentebi rogorc samarTlis, aseve Jurnalisti-
kis skolebidan. studentebma SerCevis da recenzirebis
procesSi gamoiares urTulesi gza da yvela is etapi,
rac maRali donis akademiuri konferenciisTvis aris
aucilebeli. maTi es Sroma dagvirgvinda publikaciebis
SerCeviT da saukeTeso naSromebis gamoqveynebiT. maT-
Tvis es iyo gamowveva. es iyo gaomwveva orive fakul-
tetis profesorebisTvisac. konferenciaze bevri kargi
moxseneba iqna warmodgenili, romelic krebulSi ver
moxvda, magram imedi gvaqvs, rom maT avtorebs akademi-
ur sivrceSi kvlav vixilavT.
winamdebare krebuli mkiTxvels sxvadasxva aqtua-
lur sakiTxze daafiqrebs, gamoiwvevs diskusiaSi da pa-
suxs gascems iseT kiTxvebs, romelic aucilebelia qve-
yanaSi demokratiis ganviTarebisaTvis. am krebulma Sek-
riba avtorebi, romlebsac surT ixilon damoukidebeli
da maRali pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis mqone media, sa-
dac daculi iqneba eTikis normebi, gamoiricxeba siZul-
vilis ena da mikerZoebuloba. amis misaRwevad yvelaze
kargi meqnizmi aris pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse kanonmor-
Cili sazogadoeba, romelmac kargad icis Tavisi ufle-
bebi da, romlis winaSec angariSvaldebulia aseve pro-
fesionali Jurnalisti. Jurnalisti, romelsac gacno-
bierebuli aqvs Tavisi uflebebi, roli da daniSnuleba.
Tavis mxriv, swored sauniveristeto sivrceSi miRebul
maRalxarisxiani ganaTlebas SeuZlia Seasrulos gadam-
6
wyveti roli Tavisufali media garemos ganviTarebaSi.
amisTvis ki saWiroa meti mondomeba da Sromismoyvareo-
ba. am procesSi, kidev ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba iuri-
diuli fakultetisa da Jurnalistikis skolis erTob-
livi muSaoba, rac Zalzed mniSvnelovani da misasalme-
belia. vfiqrobT, ideebi kvlav bevria. am krebulis ga-
mocemasTan erTad ki, Cveni samomavlo TanamSromloba
axal, Zalian sainetereso etapze gadavida.
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwi-
fo universitetis saxeliT, gvinda kidev erTxel mad-
loba gadavuxadoT mediis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso
organizacia `doiCe vele akademias~ mxardaWerisTvis.
madlobas vuxdiT aseve am krebulis avtorebs, re-
cenzentebs da redaqtorebs, swored maTi dauRalavi
Sroma gvaimedebs, rom mediasamarTlis da Jurnalistu-
ri eTikis aqtualur sakiTxebze samecniero diskusias,
kidev ufro farTo akademiuri sazogadoeba SeuerTdeba.
mariam gersamia
profesori, Jurnalistikis da masobrivi komunikaciis
departamentis xelmZRvaneli, akademiis sabWos wevri
moris SalikaSvili
asocirebuli profesori,
iuridiuli fakultetis dekanis moadgile
Tbilisi, seqtemberi 2015

7
P R E F A C E
The role and responsibility of the media is subject to the

underlying law. Due to the changes of media, such as the
significant rise of using social media, the law is also facing
new challenges, as the borders of ethical standards and legal
provisions increasingly appear to blur.
With this journal we are, on the one hand, looking at the
results of a long-lasting and reliable cooperation between the
Ivane Javakhishivili Tbilisi State University and Deutsche
Welle’s international media development and training centre
DW Akademie. This cooperation has been enhanced through a
number of “#MediaRule!”-conferences held in 2014 and 2015.
For Deutsche Welle and DW Akademie it is crucial to support
not only established media professionals. but also to invest and
engage in the qualified education of students as future
decision-makers. The articles cover a large variety of topics of
importance in Georgia’s current media landscape: legal and
ethical limitations of the human right to freedom of expression,
taking into account the full range of media – from print, and
TV to internet and social media - ; the role of the media as
impartial mediator (including its self-regulation mechanisms);
the influence of media as the “fourth power” on the judiciary;
and last but not least, the challenges resulting from the
European Convention on Human Rights and the ratification of
the EU-Georgia Association Agreement.
We congratulate the authors, who made a new,
interdisciplinary, and high-quality approach by connecting
their different backgrounds and views – be it from journalistic,
political, social or legal perspective. This interdisciplinary
8
approach is essential in order to achieve a holistic coverage of
the current field of media law and media ethics.
On the other hand, this journal also wishes to encourage
media professionals, professors, teachers and students to
continue their engagement and cooperation and therebyhelp to
establish a sustainable network of both media and legal experts.
Deutsche Welle and DW Akademie are very much looking
forward to continue their support of this development as well
as the general Georgian-EU association process.
We would like to express our gratitude to everyone who
made this publication possible. We owe our special thanks to
the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences and Dean Tamara
Dolbaia; to the Faculty of Law and Dean Irakli Burduli; to the
Department of “Journalism and Mass Communications” and
Head Mariam Gersamia; and to the Vice Dean of the Faculty of
Law, Moris Shalikashvili. The latter both prepared the ground
for this interdisciplinary exchange of different faculties’
students; special thanks also go to Kachaber Mtchedlishvili and
Sergi Jorbenadze, who both reviewed the articles in this journal
and encouraged the authors in their writing; and last but not
least to the authors, whose creativity, diligence and knowledge
are the basis for making this and future publications possible.
Bonn, September 2015
Michael Flesch, LL.M.

Legal Advisor, Development Cooperation
Legal Department, Deutsche Welle
9
qeTevan buaZe
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbili-
sis saxelmwifo universitetis iuri-
diuli fakultetis doqtoranti, ma-
gistri; kiolnis universitetis ma-
gistri, LL.M. germanul samarTalSi
sareklamo dro da misi dacva

saqarTvelos konstituciiTa da
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli
konvenciiT
(saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris asocirebis Sesaxeb

SeTanxmebis, 2010/13/EU direqtivis gaTvaliswinebiT)
Sesavali
2015 wlis 1 aprilidan ZalaSi Sevida „mauwyeblo-

bis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis cvlilebaTa paketi.
cvlilebebis teqstma, rogorc kanonproeqtma araerTi
ganxilva, diskusia, kritika gaiara. kanonproeqtma, rom-
lis ganxilva komisiam 2014 wlis zafxulSi daiwyo,
2015 wlis TebervalSi kanonis saxe miiRo.
cvlilebebi mniSvnelovania imdenad ramdenadac is
Seicavs sareklamo drois regulirebas, romelzec, ro-
gorc aramaterialur qonebriv sikeTeze, mauwyeblebs
sakuTrebis ufleba gaaCniaT. aRsaniSnavia, rom cvlile-
bis erT-erT ZiriTad safuZvlad kanonmdebelma saqar-
10
Tvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris asocirebis Sesaxeb Se-
Tanxmeba da 2010/13/EU evro direqtiva daasaxela. Tum-
ca, rogorc SeTanxmeba ise direqtiva rogorc Sinaar-
sobrivi, ise regulaciis implementaciis kuTxiT gan-
sxvavebul midgomebs awesebs.
swored amitom Temis mizania sareklamo drois,
rogorc aramaterialuri qonebrivi sikeTis definireba,
misi dacvis meqanizmebis gamokveTa saqarTvelos konsti-
tuciis 21-e muxlisa da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis ev-
ropuli konvenciis pirveli damatebiTi oqmis pirveli
muxlis Sesabamisad, dakavSirebuli saukeTeso praqtikis
warmogena. aseve, zemoaRniSnuli cvlilebaTa paketis ga-
Suqeba saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris asocirebis
SeTanxmebisa da 2010/13/EU direqtivis WrilSi da misi
gavlena saqarTvelos sareklamo bazarze (rogorc sa-
marTlebrivi, ise finansuri analizi).
1. sareklamo dro da misi dacva saqarTvelos

konstituciiT da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis
evropuli konvenciiT
sareklamo dro, aris drois monakveTi mauwyeblis

samauwyeblo drois manZilze,1 romlis ganmavlobaSic
safasuris, an sxva ekonomikuri sargeblis sanacvlod
fizikuri an/da iuridiuli piris, saqonlis, momsaxure-
bis, samuSaos, ideis an/da wamowyebis Sesaxeb vrceldeba
informacia, mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT
1 `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni, muxli 2, punqti
„h18“.
11
gaTvaliswinebuli formiT, mizniT da dadgenil far-
glebSi.2 Tavis mxriv, samauwyeblo dro, rogor sikeTe
2015 wlis 17 ivnisamde mauwyebels eqmneboda licenzi-
is3 an/da avtorizaciis safuZvelze,4 xolo 2015 wlis
17 ivnisidan cifruli mauwyeblobis licenziis mqone
multipleqs operatorTan5 gaformebuli xelSekrule-
bis an radiosixSiruli speqtriT sargeblobis nebar-
Tvis safuZvelze.6
sareklamo dro warmoadgens mauwyeblis aramateri-
alur qonebriv sikeTes, radgan es aris mauwyeblebis
ufleba, romelic SeiZleba gadaeces rogorc sxva pi-
rebs, ise gamiznulia saimisod, rom maT mflobels Se-
eqmnas materialuri sargebeli.7 mauwyebelTa aramateri-
aluri qonebrivi sikeTe, iseve rogorc materialuri,
daculia sakuTrebis uflebiT.8
2 igive kanoni, muxli 2, punqti „n“, aseve, muxli 64 punqti 11.

3 igive kanoni, muxli 36, punqti 2.
4 igive muxli, punqti 3.
5
„kompania sam licenziis mflobeli gaxdeba. MUX - B licenziis
farglebSi erovnuli dafarvis qselSi Ria eTeriT
telemauwyebelTa gavrceleba SeeZleba, MUX – C da MUX – D
licenziebis farglebSi ki samauwyeblo signalis gavrcelebas
rogorc Ria eTerSi, aseve komerciuli miznebisTvisac (Pay TV)
SeZlebs.“ <http://gncc.ge/ge/regulation/digital-broadcatsing/cifruli-
mauwyeblobis-uzrunvelsayofad-gamocxadebuli-konkursze-erti-monawile-
kompania-darcha-12114.page> [25.08.2015].
6
<http://gncc.ge/ge/news/press-releases/komisiam-tbilisis-samauwyeblo-
zonis-telekompaniebs-cifruli-mauwyeblobis-uzrunvelsayofad-
radiosixshiruli-speqtrit-sargeblobis-nebartva-mianicha.page> [25.08.2015]
7
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, 147-e da 152-e muxlebi.
8
mauwyeblis sakuTrebis uflebis Sesaxeb ramodenime midgoma
ixileT jorbenaZe s., mauwyeblis sakuTreba (`mauwyeblobis
Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis VII Tavis zogadi analizi), besarion
12
2. sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi - mauwyeblis
sauTrebis uflebis SezRudva, Tu daaxloebis
valdebulebis Sesruleba saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs
Soris asocirebis SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad
2015 wlis pirveli aprilidan ZalaSi Sevida „ma-

uwyeblobis Sesaxeb“saqarTvelos kanonis cvlilebebi.
cvlilebebis kanonproeqtze muSaoba jer kidev 2014
wlis zafxulidan daiwyo saqarTvelos komunikaciebis
erovnul komisiaSi, xolo Semdgom ukve saqarTvelos
parlamentSi. cvlilebebi, romlis safuZvlad kanonpro-
eqtis iniciatori, Semdgom ki kanonmdebeli saqarTve-
losa da evrokavSirs Soris asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTan-
xmebasa9 da 2010/13/EU evro direqtivas10 asaxelebda,
arc meti arc naklebi pirdapir exeboda mauwyeblis sa-
kurebis uflebas.
sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebiT SeizRuda:
1) sareklamo drois moculoba. Tu cvlilebamde
kanoniT sareklamo drois odenoba mauwyeblebis mTeli
samauwyeblo drois 20%-iT ganisazRvreboda, cvlile-
bebiT moxda damatebiT misi samauwyeblo saaTSi 20%-iT
SezRudva;11
zoiZe 60 saiubileo gamocema, daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis

institutis gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 2013, 165-166.
9
SemdgomSi - „asocirebis SeTanxmeba“.
10
SemdgomSi - „evro direqtiva“, directive 2010/13/EU of the European
Parliament and of the council, 10th march, 2010.
11
`mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni, 64-e muxli me-2
punqti; aRsaniSnavia, aseve rom kanonproeqtis Tavdapirvel
redaqciaSi aRniSnuli moculobis kidev ufro Semcireba iyo
Cadebuli da ganixilavdnen samauwyeblo saaTSi 15%-is odenobiT.
13
2) sasponsoro reklamis drois moculoba. saspon-
soro reklamis drois odenoba da Sinaarsi ar iyo da-
regulirebuli kanoniT. cvlilebebiT 2016 wlis 15
ianvramde sponsorobis moculoba samauwyeblo saaTSi 4
wuTiT SeizRuda, xolo 2016 wlis 15 ianvridan spon-
sorobisas aikrZala „saqonlis/momsaxurebis SeZenis, mi-
wodebis da moxmarebisaken pirdapiri miwodeba am saqo-
nelze an/da momsaxurebaze specialuri miTiTebiT“.12
asocirebis SeTanxmebis danarTi XXXIII-iT, saxel-
wodebiT audiovizualur da media sferoSi TanamSrom-
lobis Sesaxeb, saxelmwifom aiRo valdebuleba Tavis
kanonmdeblobis evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobasTan, ker-
Zod, ki direqtivasTan TandaTanobiTi daaxloebis Sesa-
xeb mxareTa SeTanxmebul vadebSi. vadebi ki Semdegnairad
ganisazRvra, direqtivis implementaciisaTvis asocirebis
SeTanxmebis ZalaSi Sesvlidan sam wliani vada, xolo
amave direqtivis 23-e muxlis implementaciisaTvis xuT
wliani vada iqna dadgenili. direqtiva, Tavis mxriv,
rogorc sareklamo drois moculobis limitirebas, ise
sponsorobisas saqonlis/momsaxurebis SeZenis, miwodebis
da moxmarebisaken pirdapir miwodebas krZalavs am saqo-
nelze an/da momsaxurebaze specialuri miTiTebiT.13 Se-
degad, mivdivarT im daskvnamde, rom marTalia zemoaR-
niSnuli ori SezRudva mauwyeblebis sakuTrebis Wril-
12
igive kanoni, 67-e muxli, me-3 punqti.
13
direqtiva, 23-e da me-10 muxlebi.
14
Si evropuli kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisia,14 magram prob-
lemas maTi implementaciis vadebi warmoadgens.
aRsaniSnavia, rom evropulma sazogadoebam audiovi-
zualur politikis saboloo Camoyalibebamde da Sesabami-
sad, 2010/13/EU audiovizualuri media momsaxurebebis
direqtivis miRebamde grZeli gza ganvlo. 1984 wels mi-
Rebuli iqna dokumenti mauwyeblebis saerTo bazris Sesa-
xeb, 1989 wels miRebul iqna direqtiva telemauwyebloba
sazRvrebis gareSe, 1997 wels es direqtiva pirvelad ga-
daisinja, 2007 wels SemuSavda audiovizualuri media
momsaxurebebis direqtiva, xolo 2010 wels ki misi ko-
dificireba moxda.15 am xangrZliv procesSi Catarebul
iqna araerTi konferencia, sajaro konsultacia, fokus
jgufebTan samuSao Sexvedra Tu kvleva, imisaTvis rom
Seswavlili da gamokvleuli yofiliyo regulaciis gav-
lena sareklamo, Tu zogadad audiovizualur bazarsa da
garemoze, regulirebis ganmapirobebeli faqtorebi, maT
Soris, momxmarebelTa interesebi.16
14
aRsaniSnavia, rom komisiis inicirebul redaciaSi, romelic
parlamentis sakomiteto mosmenebze iqna gatanili da ganxiluli
redaqciSi iyo debulebebi, romlebic pirdapir ewinaaRmdegeboda
direqtivas;
15
<http://ec.europa.eu/archives/information_society/avpolicy/reg/
history/index_en.htm> [25.08.2015].
16
<http://ec.europa.eu/archives/information_society/avpolicy/reg/
history/consult/focus_groups/index_en.htm> [25.08.2015] _ aseve,
ixileT komitetis dokumentis eleqtronuli versia:
<http://ec.europa.eu/comm/avpolicy/reg/tvwf/contact_comm/index_en.h
tm> [25.08.2015].
<http://ec.europa.eu/archives/information_society/avpolicy/docs/reg/mo
dernisation/focus_groups/fg2_wp_en.pdf> [25.08.2015].
15
mTeli es procesi naTels xdis, Tu ratom moxda
asocirebis SeTanxmebiT direqtivis implementaciisaTvis
samwliani, xolo sareklamo drois SezRudvisaTvis
xuTwliani vadis gansazRvra. samwuxarod saqarTveloSi
sajaro konsultacia, fokus jgufebTan samuSao Sexved-
ra, Tu kvleva, imisaTvis rom Seswavlili da gamokvle-
uli yofiliyo regulaciis gavlena sareklamo bazarze
da garemoze, maT Soris, momxmarebelTa gamokiTxva ar
Catarebulia, garda ganxilvebisa komunikaciebis erov-
nul komisiasa Tu saqarTvelos parlamentSi.
2. sakuTrebis uflebis dacva saqarTvelos

konsitituciis da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli
konvenciis mixedviT
saqarTvelos konstituciis 21-e muxliT sakuTre-

bis ufleba aRiarebuli da xelSeuvalia. aramaterialu-
ri qonebrivi sikeTe ki saqarTvelos konstituciis 21-e
muxlisa da saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos
praqtikis Sesabamisad sakuTrebis uflebiT dacul obi-
eqtad iTvleba.17 sasamarTlos mier aseTad iqna miCneu-
li iseTi aramaterialuri qonebrivi sikeTe, rogoric
aris aqcia,18 wili SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazo-
<http://ec.europa.eu/justice/consumer-marketing/files/empirical_report_
final_-_2011-06-15.pdf> [25.08.2015].
17 tuRuSi T., burjanaZe g., mSvenieraZe g., gociriZe g., menabde v.,
adamianis uflebebi da saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos
samarTalwarmoebis praqtika, Tbilisi, 2013, 243-247.
18 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 18 maisis
#2/1-370,382,390,402,405 gadawyvetileba saqmeze saqarTvelos mo-

16
gadoebaSi,19 moTxovnis ufleba,20 miuRebeli Semosava-
li21 da rogorc dasabegri mogeba (Semosavali), ise da-
begrili Semosavali (mogeba).22
2005 wlis gadawyvetilebaSi saqmeze `saaqcio sa-
zogadoebebi – `saqgazi~ da ànajgufi~ (yofili `Tbil-
gazoaparati~) saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg~ sa-
qarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom
konstituciis ocdameerTe muxli „sakuTrebis uflebis
yvelasTvis Tanabrad aRiarebas da uzrunvelyofas gu-
lisxmobs, imisgan damoukideblad Tu ra saxiT vlindeba
sakuTrebis ufleba - fizikur nivTebze uSualo sakuT-
rebis uflebiT, Tu moTxovnis uflebaze sakuTre-
qalaqeebi zaur elaSvili, suliko maSia, rusudan gogia da sxvebi

da saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli saqarTvelos parlamentis wina-
aRmdeg, me-9 punqti.
19 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 1998 wlis 29 ian-
vris #2/36–7 gadawyvetileba saqmeze iuri kirakosiani, spiridon

varTaniani, martiros CardexCiani, petre safariani, sergo varTano-
vi, qeTevan totoRaSvili, askan manukiani, roza poRosiani, svetla-
na peregulko, nodar gigaSvili da SoTa meqvabiSvili saqarTvelos
parlamentis winaaRmdeg, me-2 punqti.
20 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2005 wlis 28 ivli-
sis #1/14/184,228 gadawyvetileba, saqmeSi „saqgazi“ da „anajgufi“

(yofili „Tbilgazoaparati“) saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg,
me-2 punqti.
vris #2/1/187–188 gadawyvetileba saqmez Sps „airzena saqarTvelos

aviaxazebi“ saqarTvelos parlamentis da saqarTvelos transporti-
sa da komunikaciebis saministros winaaRmdeg, me-7 punqti.
vris #1/1/107 gadawyvetileba lela inwkirveli da ekaterine CaCa-

niZe saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg, me-5 punqti.
17
biT...“23 amasTan, aqve daasaxela moTxovnis uflebis
gverdiT „zogierTi sxva ufleba da sargebeli, rome-
lic qmnis qonebas.24 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasa-
marTlom arsebuli praqtikiT daadastura rom ocdame-
erTe muxliT daculi sakuTrebis ufleba vrceldeba
ara mxolod nivTebze,25 aramed aseve aramaterialur
qonebriv sikeTeze, romelic warmoadgens qonebas da ro-
melzec vrceldeba sakuTrebis ufleba.
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvenci-
is pirveli damatebiT oqmis pirveli muxliT27 dacu-
26
li obieqti adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli sasa-

marTlos28 praqtikis mixedviT „ekonomikuri interese-
23 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2005 wlis 28 ivli-

sis #1/14/184,228 gadawyvetileba, saqmeSi „saqgazi“ da „anajgufi“
(yofili „Tbilgazoaparati“) saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg,
me-2 punqti.
24 iqve.
25
tuRuSi T., burjanaZe g., mSvenieraZe g., gociriZe g., menabde v.,
samarTalwarmoebis praqtika, Tbilisi, 2013, 244.
26 iqve.
27 SemdgomSi - „konvencia“; konvencia, pirveli damatebiT oqmis pir-
veli muxli: sakuTrebis dacva 1) yovel fizikur an iuridiul pirs

aqvs Tavisi sakuTrebis Seuferxebeli sargeblobis ufleba. mxolod
sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis SeiZleba CamoerTvas vinmes Tavisi
sakuTreba kanoniTa da saerTaSoriso samarTlis zogadi principebiT
gaTvaliswinebul pirobebSi. 2) amasTan, winare debulebebi aranairad
ar akninebs saxelmwifos uflebas, gamoiyenos iseTi kanonebi, ro-
melTac is aucileblad miiCnevs saerTo interesebis Sesabamisad sa-
kuTrebiT sargeblobis kontrolisaTvis, an gadasaxadebisa Tu mosak-
reblebis an jarimebis gadaxdis uzrunvelsayofad.
28 SemdgomSi - „evropuli sasamarTlo“.
18
bis farTo wres moicavs.“29 qonebis cnebas sasamarTlo
ganmartavs farTod da masSi eqceva iseTi sikeTeebi,
moZravi da uZravi nivTebis gverdiT, rogoric aris wi-
li sazogadoebaSi,30 patenti,31 saarbitraJo gadawyevti-
leba,32 zianis anazRaurebis moTxovnis ufleba,33 gar-
kveuli garemoebebis dadgomis kanonieri molodini,34
profesiuli klientura,35 kinoTeatris klientura,36
licenzia, romelsac samewarmeo saqmianobis ganxorcie-
lebasTan dakavSirebuli ekonomikuri interesebi ukav-
Sirdeba,37 saijaro qiris moTxovnis ufleba,38 pensiis
29 papuaSvili s., sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis samarTlebrivi

safuZvlebi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciisa da qarTuli
kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, adamianis uflebaTa dacvis Tanamedrove
gamowvevebi, statiaTa krebuli, k. korkelias redaqtorobiT, GTZ,
Tbilisi, 2009, 180.
30
The right to property, a guide to the implementation of Article 1 of
Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention on human Rights, Monica
Carss-Frisk, Human Rights Handbooks, No. 4, 6.
31
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 1990 wlis 4 oqtom-
bris ganCineba dasaSvebobaze ganacxadze # 12633/87, saqmeze, Smith
Kline and French Laboratories v. the Netherlands.
32
33
iqve, 13.
34
iqve.
35
iqve, 14.
36
iqve, 15.
37
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 1989 wlis 7 ivlisis
gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Tre Traktörer Aktiebolag v. Sweden, par 53.
38
19
moTxovnis ufleba,39 garkveuli profesiiT muSaobis
ufleba,40 sasarCelo moTxovna da sxva SeTxvevebi, rom-
lebmac individis qonebriv interesebze SeiZleba pirda-
piri gavlena moaxdinon.41
evropuli sasamarTlo sakuTrebis uflebisa, Tu
mflobelobis definiciebs avtonomiurad ganmartavs da
imisaTvis, rom ufleba Tu interesi konvenciis pirveli
damatebiT oqmis pirveli muxliT dacul obieqtad Ca-
iTvalos, ar aris aucilebeli adgilobrivi qveynis sa-
marTliT misi sakuTrebis uflebis qveS moqceva.42 amis
naTeli magaliTia TreTraktörer Aktiebolag v. Sweden, sadac
sasamarTlom licenzia da masTan dakavSirebuli ekono-
mikuri interesebi aRiara konvenciis pirveli damatebiT
oqmis pirveli muxliT dacul obieqtad.43
3. sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi, rogorc mauwyeblebis

sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudva
evropulma sasamarTlom saqmeSi sporongi da lo-

ronTi SvedeTis winaaRmdeg aRniSna, rom konvenciis
pirveli damatebiTi oqmis pirveli muxli Tavis TavSi
sam wess moicavs: pirvelia, sakuTrebiT mSvidobiani
sargeblobis ufleba (peaceful enjoyment of property), meo-
39
iqve, 17.
40
iqve, 6.
41
iqve.
42
iqve.
43
gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Tre Traktörer Aktiebolag v. Sweden, par 53.
20
re, qonebis CamorTmevis (deprivation of possession) daqvem-
debareba konkretuli winapirobebisaTvis da mesame, sa-
kuTrebiT sargeblobis kontroli (control the use of
property) kanonis safuZvelze da zogadi interesis Sesa-
bamisad.44
saqarTvelos konstituciis ocdameerTe muxlis mi-
xedviT ki sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudva aucilebeli sa-
zogadoebrivi saWiroebisaTvis dasaSvebia kanoniT gansaz-
Rvrul SemTxvevebSi da dadgenili wesiT, imgvarad, rom
ar dairRves sakuTrebis uflebis arsi. amasTan, aRsaniSna-
via, rom „sakuTrebis konstituciur-samarTlebrivi garan-
tia gulisxmobs samarTlis konkretuli subieqtebis, me-
sakuTreebis dacvas. konstitucia mesakuTris uflebas
ori aspeqtiT icavs: pirveli gamoixateba imaSi, rom sa-
xelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos sakuTrebis uflebis dacva
sxva pirebis mxridan Carevisagan da meore, mesakuTre da-
culia Tavad saxelmwifosagan, kerZod, saxelmwifos dau-
sabuTebeli da arasamarTliani Carevisagan.“45
nebismier SemTxvevaSi ki, rodesac saxezea dacul
uflebaSi Careva, Semdgomi msjelobis sagani Carevis ga-
marTlebaa. Tu Careva gamarTlebulia, Sesabamisad xsene-
44
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 1982 wlis 23 seq-
tembris gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Sporrong and Lönnroth v. Sweden,
par 61.
45
kikoSvili d., sakuTreba, sakuTrebis CamorTmeva aucilebeli sa-
zogadoebrivi saWiroebisTvis da mesakuTris interesebis dacva sa-
kuTrebis uflebaSi Carevis dros, qarTuli biznes samarTlis mi-
moxilva, specialuri gamocema, Tbilisi, 2012, 42.
21
buli muxlis darRvevas adgili ar aqvs, aq ki mtkice-
bis tvirTi saxelmwifozea.46
aqvs Tu ara sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebiT sarekla-
mo drois SezRudvas gamarTleba gamoviyenebT evropuli
sasamarTlos teqsts,47 romelic arsobrivad emTxveva
Cveni qveynis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos tests:
a) xvdeba, Tu ara sareklamo dro pirveli muxliT
dacul sferoSi? sareklamo dro rogorc mauwyeb-
lis aramaterialuri qonebrivi sikeTe xvdeba da-
cul sferoSi;
b) moxda Tu ara mauwyeblebis sakuTrebis uflebis
xelyofa? sareklamo drois SezRudviT, aseve sas-
ponsoro droisa da Sinaarsis SezRudviT mauwyeb-
lebis sakuTrebis uflebis xelyofas adgili aqvs;
g) sami wesidan romlis xelyofas aqvs adgili? qonebiT
mSvidobiani sargeblobis ufleba da aseve, SesaZlebe-
lia sakuTrebis uflebiT sargeblobis kontroli;48
d) aqvs Tu ara Carevas/xelyofas legitimuri mizani
(sazogadoebis, Tu sajaro interesi)? momxmare-
46
Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention on Human Rights, Monica
47
papuaSvili s., sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis samarTlebrivi sa-
fuZvlebi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciisa da qarTuli
Tbilisi, 2009, 180.
48
aq ixileT iqve me-13 gv. aseve, damianis uflebaTa evropuli sasa-
marTlos 1989 wlis 7 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Tre
Traktörer Aktiebolag v. Sweden, par 53-55.
22
belTa interesebis dacva, rogorc sazogadoebis
interesi;
e) aris Tu ara Careva/xelyofa proporciuli (inte-
resTa awondawonva)? sadavoa, radgan sapirwoneze
dgas mauwyeblebis aramaterialuri qonebrivi si-
keTe, romelTa realizaciiT, isini finansur da-
moukideblobas aRweven, rac maTi, rogorc mauw-
yeblobis damoukideblobis garantiaa;
v) Seesabameba Tu ara Careva/xelyofa kanonismieri
sicxadis (kanonierebis) principebs? es principi
daculia .
Careva konvenciis pirveli damatebiTi oqmis pirve-
li muxlis sferoSi iqneba gaumarTlebeli, Tu meoTxe
SekiTxvidan meeqvse SekiTxvis CaTvliT erT-erT SekiT-
xvaze pasuxi uaryofiTi iqneba.49 am SemTxvevaSi testma
aCvena, rom sapirwoneze xvdebian momxmarebelTa intere-
sebi da mauwyeblebis sakurebis uflebis SezRudvis sa-
boloo Sedegi, mediis damoukidebloba. aq, garda asoci-
49
Protocol No. 1 to the European Convention on Human Rights, Monica
Carss-Frisk, Human Rights Handbooks, No. 4, 10. Sedegad, Tu Careva
sakuTrebis uflebaSi ar aqvs legitimuri mizani, Sesabamisad ar
emsaxureba sazogadoebis Tu sajaro interess, ar aris proporciu-
li, kerZod, darRveulia samarTliani balansi Carevis mizansa da
fundamentur uflebas Soris, Careva ar warmoadgens aucileblobas
da darRveuli kanonierebis da kanonismieri sicxadis principebi,
papuaSvili s., sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis samarTlebrivi sa-
fuZvlebi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciisa da qarTuli
Tbilisi, 2009, 180.
23
rebis SeTanxmebis logikuri vadebisa (sami da xuTi we-
liwadi), qarTuli politikur-samarTlebrivi mdgomareo-
bac gasaTvaliswinebelia. Sedegad, vfiqrob, rom zemoaR-
niSnuli Careva kanonmdeblis mier naCqarevad moxda, ri-
Tic man mauwyeblebis sakuTrebis ufleba SezRuda.
Carevis uaryofiTi Sedegebi mauwyeblebis Semo-
savlebze naTelia qvemoT mocemul cxrilSic, sadac
kargad Cans rom mauwyeblebis Semosavlebi axali regu-
laciiT 34%-iT mcirdeba.50
Zveli regulaciiT axali regulaciiT

jamuri jamuri
sareklamo 1 wuTis sareklamo 1 wuTis
Rirebuleba Rirebuleba 24
dro saaTSi Rirebuleba dro saaTSi Rirebuleba
24 saaTSi saaTSi
1:00 0 0 0 12 0 0
2:00 0 0 0 12 0 0
3:00 0 0 0 12 0 0
4:00 0 0 0 12 0 0
5:00 0 0 0 12 0 0
6:00 0 0 0 12 0 0
7:00 0 0 0 12 0 0
8:00 0 0 0 12 0 0
9:00 17 500 8500 12 500 6000
10:00 17 500 8500 12 500 6000
11:00 17 500 8500 12 500 6000
12:00 17 500 8500 12 500 6000
13:00 18 500 9000 12 500 6000
14:00 18 500 9000 12 500 6000
15:00 18 500 9000 12 500 6000
16:00 18 500 9000 12 500 6000
17:00 18.5 500 9250 12 500 6000
18:00 18.5 1000 18500 12 1000 12000
19:00 18.5 1000 18500 12 1000 12000
20:00 18.5 1000 18500 12 1000 12000
21:00 18.5 1000 18500 12 1000 12000
22:00 18.5 1000 18500 12 1000 12000
23:00 18.5 1000 18500 12 1000 12000
0:00 18.5 1000 18500 12 1000 12000
288 208750 288 138000
50
cxrili simartivisaTvis gakeTebulia sarklamo drois mxolod
wuTebiT gayidvaze da sareklamo drois fasebi pirobiTia.
24
daskvna
daskvnis saxiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom „mauwyeblo-
bis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis cvlilebaTa paketi,
romelic 2015 wlis 1 aprilidan ZalaSi Sevida, ro-
gorc misi iniciatoris, ise kanonmdeblis mier naCqare-
vad iqna miRebuli. amiT kiTxvis niSnis qveS dadga ma-
uwyeblebis sakuTrebis ufleba sareklamo droze, ro-
gorc aramaterialur qonebriv sikeTeze, ise sabolo
jamSi mediis finansuri damoukidebloba. vinaidan, aso-
cirebis SeTanxmebiT, Tavis mxriv, 2010/13/EU direqti-
vis TandaTanobiT implementacia iyo gaTvaliswinebuli
da ara dauyovnebeli. swored amitom evropaSi es pro-
cesi 26 weliwadi gagrZelda da cvlilebebi ganxorci-
elda ara fragmentulad rogorc es saqarTveloSi mox-
da reklamis regulirebis kuTxiT, aramed audiovizua-
luri media momsaxurebebis mimarT zogadad.
metic, momxmarebelTa interesebi am procesSi ara
mxolod sityvierad iqna dasaxelebuli, aramed Catare-
bul iqna rigi kvlevebi, Tu samuSaoebi fokus jgufeb-
Tan.51 erT-erT samuSao dokumentSi saubaria momxmare-
belTa ekonomikur qcevaze, romelic SeiZleba damaxin-
jdes arasamarTliani komerciuli praqtikiT.52 momxma-
rebelTa ekonomikuri qcevis gverdiT gamokvleul iqna
maTi arsebiTi problemebi, romelTac isini awydebian
51
<http://ec.europa.eu/archives/information_society/avpolicy/reg/history/
consult/focus_groups/index_en.htm> [25.08.2015].
52
European Commission, focus group 2 level of detail in the regulation of
television advertising, 1-li gverdi, <http://ec.europa.eu/archives/
information_society/avpolicy/docs/reg/modernisation/focus_groups/fg2_wp
_en.pdf> [25.08.2015].
25
audiovizualuri media momsaxurebebis miRebisas da ga-
keTebuli iqna momxmarebelTa gamocdilebis siRrmiseu-
li Sefaseba.53
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom evropaSi sareklamo bazris
regulirebas Tavisi mowinaaRmdegebi hyavda, vinaidan sa-
reklamo drois moculobis SezRudva pirdapirpropor-
ciul gavlenas axdenda mauwyebelTa Tu sareklamo saa-
gentoTa Semosavlebze. Sesabamisad, mocemuli interese-
bic procesebis warmarTvaSi mniSvnelovan rols asru-
lebda.
zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT evropuli praq-
tika kidev erTxel cxadyofs Tu ratom moxda asocire-
bis SeTanxmebiT direqtivis implementaciisaTvis sam-
wliani, xolo sareklamo drois SezRudvisaTvis xuT-
wliani vadis gansazRvra da ratom iyo dauSvebeli sa-
reklamo bazris axali regulaciebis daCqarebuli we-
siT miReba.
53
<http://ec.europa.eu/justice/consumer-
marketing/files/empirical_report_final_-_2011-06-15.pdf> [25.08.2015].
26
Ketevan Buadze – Student (PhD) at Tbilisi State University,
MA private law Tbilisi State University, LLM German Law
University Cologne, Attorney.
ADVERTISING TIME AND ITS PROTECTION BY THE

GEORGIAN CONSTITUTION AND THE EUROPEAN
CONVENTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
(Under consideration of Georgia-EU Association Agreement,
2010/13/EU Directive)
On April 1, 2015, the amendments to the Georgian Law

on Broadcasting came into force. After having passed a number
of reviews, discussions and criticism, the draft of amendments
initiated by the Georgian National Communication
Commission in the summer of 2014 was transferred to the
Georgian Parliament and in February 2015, the law was
passed.
The amendments contain advertising regulations, since
they limit advertising time that – as an intangible asset of the
broadcasters – is protected under their property right. The
legislature claims the EU-Georgian Association Agreement and
the 2010/13/EU Directive as one of the main reasons for the
amendments. However, the Association Agreement as well as
the Directive contextually as well as from the perspective of
implementation terms set out different approaches.
Respectively, the this study aims to:
¾ define the advertising time as intangible property;
27
¾ outline its safeguarding mechanisms (as per Article 21
of the Constitution of Georgia and the European
Convention on Human Rights, Article 1 of Protocol No.
1) as well as its best practices;
¾ demonstrate the above-mentioned amendments in the
light of the EU-Georgian Association Agreement and
the 2010/13 / EU Directive;
¾ show its impact on the advertising market (legal and
financial analysis).
28
giorgi baRdavaZe
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis saerTaSoriso
samarTlis institutis pirveli kursis
magistranti
sad gadis zRvari informaciis

Tavisufal gavrcelebasa da piradi da
ojaxuri cxovrebis pativiscemas Soris?
Sesavali
gamoxatvis Tavisufleba da piradi da ojaxuri

cxovrebis pativiscemis ufleba Tanamedrove demokrati-
uli sazogadoebis fundamentur Rirebulebebs warmoad-
genen. mocemuli uflebebi daculia araerTi saerTaSo-
riso xelSekrulebiTa Tu CveulebiTi normiT, rogore-
bicaa magaliTad, adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao dek-
laracia, samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTa-
Soriso paqti, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia,
adamianis uflebaTa amerikuli konvencia, bavSvis ufle-
baTa konvencia da a. S. amasTan, gansaxilveli uflebebi
SegviZlia SevadaroT medlis or mxares, rac imas niS-
navs, rom saTanado balansis gareSe mocemul uflebaTa
Soris konfliqti gardauvalia.
kvlevis mizania ganixilos SemTxvevebi, roca gamo-
xatvis Tavisufleba, kerZod, informaciis Tavisufali
gavrcelebis ufleba da piradi cxovrebis pativiscemis
ufleba erTmaneTTan konfliqtSi modian. mniSvnelovania
29
gaeces amomwuravi pasuxi Semdeg SekiTxvebs: rogori
urTierTobaa koliziaSi myof normebs Soris, horizon-
taluri Tu vertikaluri? ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba mie-
niWos erT-erT maTgans upiratesoba? sad gadis zRvari
am or uflebas Soris da rogor SeiZleba maT Soris
arsebuli konfliqtis daregulireba? naSromSi gansa-
kuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmoba adamianis uflebaTa ev-
ropuli sasamarTlos xedvas da misi ganviTarebis eta-
pebs. aseve ganxiluli iqneba anglo-amerikuli samar-
Tlis qveynebSi (am SemTxvevaSi a. S. S. da inglisi) dam-
kvidrebuli praqtika. maTi Sedarebis safuZvelze ki mo-
iZebneba problemaTa gadaWris savaraudo meTodebi.
naSromi Sedgeba Sesavlis, ZiriTadi nawilisa da
daskvnisagan. ZiriTadi nawili warmodgenilia ori TaviT
da Sesabamisi qveTavebiT. pirveli Tavi eTmoba adamianis
uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos precedentebis gan-
xilvas. gaanalizebuli iqneba aseve mecnierTa xedvebi
mocemuli problemebis gadaWrasTan dakavSirebiT. meore
Tavi eTmoba saerTo samarTalSi damkvidrebul midgomas.
Sesabamisi qveTavebiT detalurad iqneba ganxiluli
sxvadasxva saqmeebi da aseve mecnierTa mosazrebebi. das-
kvnis saxiT mokled gaanalizdeba orive maTgani da gae-
cema pasuxi kvlevis SekiTxvebs.
30
1. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos
midgoma – ormagi TamaSi Tu upiratesobis miniWeba?
1.1 piradi cxovrebis pativiscemisa da informaciis

Tavisufali gavrcelebis adgili adamianis uflebaTa
evropul konvenciaSi
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos praq-

tikis ganxilvamde, mocemul qveTavSi mokled mimoixi-
leba konfliqtSi myof uflebaTa Teoriuli bazisi
adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvenciaSi. piradi da
ojaxuri cxovrebis pativiscemis uflebas exeba konven-
ciis me-8 muxli, romlis Tanaxmadac `yvelas aqvs uf-
leba, pativi scen mis pirad da ojaxur cxovrebas, mis
sacxovrebelsa da mimoweras.~1 gamoxatvis Tavisufleba
ki mowesrigebulia me-10 muxliT, romlis Tanaxmadac,
`yvelas aqvs ufleba gamoxatvis Tavisuflebisa. es uf-
leba moicavs piris Tavisuflebas, hqondes Sexedulebe-
bi, miiRos an gaavrcelos informacia Tu mosazrebebi
sajaro xelisuflebis Caurevlad da saxelmwifo saz-
Rvrebis miuxedavad~.2 aqve unda aRinoSnos, rom arc er-
Ti maTgani ar ganekuTvneba absolutur uflebaTa kate-
gorias, radgan orive ufleba SeiZleba SeizRudos kon-
venciiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi.3 amasTan, Careva
konvenciasTan SesabamisobaSia Tu is akmayofilebs samsa-
1
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-8 muxlis 1-eli punqti.
2 konvenciis me-10 muxlis 1-eli punqtis 1-eli winadadeba.
3 konvenciis me-8 da me-10 muxlebis me-2 punqtebi.
31
fexurian tests: a) Careva xorcieldeba kanonis safuZ-
velze, b) Careva aucilebelia demokratiuli sazogado-
ebisTvis, g) Careva emsaxureba legitimur mizans, rome-
lic aRniSnulia konvenciaSi.4 mniSvnelovania, rom sami-
ve winapiroba kumulaciurad unda iyos saxeze, raTa ga-
moiricxos konvenciiT dacul uflebebSi TviTneburi Ca-
reva. saxelmwifos akisria ara mxolod negatiuri val-
debuleba, rac imas niSnavs, rom Tavisi moqmedebiT ar
xelyos konvenciiT dadgenili uflebebi, aramed pozi-
tiuri valdebulebac, rac gulisxmobs yvela zomis ga-
tarebas, raTa ar moxdes xelyofa mesame pirTa mxri-
dan.5
1.2 pirveli Taobis saqmeebi – gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis

primati?
1980-iani wlebidan 2000 wlamde ganxilul saqme-

ebSi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo uaryof-
da konvenciis me-8 da me-10 muxlebs Soris SesaZlo
konfliqts. magaliTad, am mxriv, erT-erT pirvel saqme-
4
Dirk Voorhoof, “Freedom of Expression Under the European Human
Rights System – From Sunday Times (No 1) v. U. K. (1979) to Hachette
Filipacchi Associes (Ici Paris) v. France (2009),” Inter-American and
European Human Rights Journal, Vol. 2, (2009), 5.
5
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba saqme-
ze, Von Hannover v. Germany, (saCivris nom. 59320/00), para. 57; aseve,
1994 wlis 26 martis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Stjerna v. Finland, (sa-
Civris nom. 18131/91), para. 23.
32
ze, lingensi avstriis winaaRmdeg6 adamianis uflebaTa
evropuli sasamarTlo daeyrdno ra konvenciis sityva-
sityviT analizs, kategoriulad uaryo mocemul nor-
mebs Soris arsebuli konfliqti da daadgina, rom ar
arsebobda saWiroeba, me-10 muxli ganxiluliyo piradi
cxovrebis dacvis WrilSi.7 Sedegad, reputaciis ufle-
ba ar Sedioda pirad uflebaTa WrilSi da is mxolod
me-10 muxlis me-2 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul gamoxatvis
Tavisuflebis SezRudvis erT-erT winapirobad rCeboda,
sxva elementebTan erTobliobaSi. me-8 muxlis viwro,
sityvasityviTi ganmartebisa da reputaciis pirad uf-
lebaTa kategoriaSi (me-8 muxliT dacul uflebebSi)
ar Setanis gamo, gamodioda, rom konfliqti iyo erTi
mxriv gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas Soris, romelic dacu-
li iyo konvenciiT da meore mxriv, reputacias Soris,
romelsac konvencia ar aRiarebda pirad uflebad da
igi, rogorc calke ufleba, SesaZloa daculi yofili-
yo sxva saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebiT, magaliTad, sa-
moqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso paq-
tiT.8
6
gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Lingens v. Austria, (saCivris nom. 9815/82), Sem-
dgomSi citirebulia, rogorc: Lingens v. Austria.
7
Stijn Smet, “Freedom of Expression and the Right to Reputation: Human
Rights in Conflict,” American University International Law Review, Vol.
26, Issue 1 (2010), 193-194.
8
Jonas Gulde, “An Assessment of the European Court of Human Rights’
Balancing of the Rights to Privacy and Freedom of Expression,”
Edinbourgh Student Law Review, Vol. 2, Issue1 (2013), 32.
33
saqmeSi Jurnali òbserveri~ da `gardiani~ gaer-
Tianebuli samefos winaaRmdeg9 evropulma sasamarTlom
aRniSna, rom gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, romelic Tavis
TavSi moicavs informaciisa da ideebis Tavisufal gav-
rcelebasa da miRebas, warmoadgens demokratiuli sazo-
gadoebisTvis aucilebel da fundamentur Rirebulebas.
es principi gansakuTrebiT exeba presasa da medias, ro-
melic upirveles yovlisa unda iyos sazogadoebis in-
formirebulobis sadarajoze, Tumca es imas ar niSnavs,
rom gamoxatvis Tavisufleba SeuzRudavi uflebaa. amas-
Tan, misi SemzRudavi normebi (me-10 muxlis me-2 nawi-
li) unda ganimartos rac SeiZleba viwrod. terminSi
àucilebeli~, romelic naxsenebia me-2 nawilSi igu-
lisxmeba àucilebeli sazogadoebrivi saWiroebisTvis~.
saxelmwifoebs aqvT uflebamosileba, Sida kanonmdeblo-
biT daadginon aseTi zRvari, magram evropuli sasamar-
Tlo uflebamosilia sazedamxedvelo funqcia Seasru-
los da gansazRvros ramdenad aris Sesabamisi is kon-
venciis miznebTan.10
amrigad, sasamarTlo praqtikiT media aRiWurva
farTo uflebamosilebebiT, rac gulisxmobs ara mxo-
lod miRebuli informaciis dacvas, aramed iseTi in-
formaciis gavrcelebis Tavisuflebasac, romelic Se-
saZloa iyos Sokismomgvreli an Semawuxebeli. meore
mniSvnelovani Sefaseba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom gaimijna
9
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 1991 wlis 26 noem-
bris gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Observer and Guardian v. The United
Kingdom, (saCivris nom. 13585/88).
10
iqve, para. 59.
34
mediis mier moyvanili obieqturi faqtebi da subieqtu-
ri Sefasebebi. am ukanasknelis mtkicebulebebiT gamyare-
bis valdebulebisagan ki mopasuxeebi gaTavisufldnen.11
qveTavis dasawyisSi naxsenebi lingensis saqme imi-
Tac iyo mniSvnelovani, rom evropulma sasamarTlom er-
TmaneTisgan ganasxvava Cveulebrivi piri politikosisa-
gan da aRniSna, rom vinaidan maTi pirovnebisa da saqmia-
nobis mimarT sakmaod didia sazogadoebrivi interesi,
mxolod reputaciis dacvis survili ver gadawonida
gamoxatvis TavisuflebiT garantirebul informaciis
Tavisufali gavrcelebis uflebas.12 igive gaimeora sa-
samarTlom aseve saqmeSi oberSCliki avstriis winaaR-
mdeg.13
amrigad, SeiZleba iTqvas, 1980-iani wlebidan 2000
wlamde periodSi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasa-
marTlo gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis farTo ganmartebis
safuZvelze is mTel rig sakiTxebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki
reputaciasTan mimarTebiT, romelsac sasamarTlo ar
cnobda me-8 muxliT dacul pirad uflebad, informaci-
is Tavisufal gavrcelebas, gansakuTrebiT ki mediis
mxridan, upiratesobas aniWebda. es ki aixsneboda mediis
gansakuTrebuli roliT, romelic gulisxmobs sazoga-
doebis informirebulobis sadarajoze yofnis funqcias.
11
Jonas Gulde, “An Assessment of the European Court of Human Rights’
Balancing of the Rights to Privacy and Freedom of Expression,”
Edinbourgh Student Law Review, Vol. 2, Issue1 (2013), 33.
12
Lingens v. Austria, para. 46.
13
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 1997 wlis 1 ivli-
sis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Oberschlick v. Austria (No 2), (saCivris
nom. 20834/92).
35
1.3 2000 wlis dasawyisi – mniSvnelovani nabijebi
piradi cxovrebis dasacavad?
Zveli midgomisagan gansxvavebiT, 2000 wlidan ada-

mianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom radikalurad
Secvala sakuTari xedva. am mxriv pirveli gamorCeuli
saqmeebi iyo feldeki slovakeTis winaaRmdeg,14 aseve
lesniki slovakeTis winaaRmdeg15 da a. S. gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovani ki aris saqme radio safrangeTi da sxvebi
safrangeTis winaaRmdeg.16 mocemuli saqme exeboda saf-
rangeTis radios mier yofil merobis kandidatze, rome-
lic muSaobda agarakze zedamxedvelad, usafuZvlo da
Seuracxmyofeli cnobebis gavrcelebas, ris gamoc igi
daajarimes arakeTilsindisierebisTvis. es saqme imiTaa
mniSvnelovani, rom adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasa-
marTlom mtkiced ganacxada, rom `reputaciis dacvis
ufleba ganekuTvneba konvenciis me-8 muxliT garantire-
bul pirad uflebaTa kategorias~.17
14
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2001 wlis 12 ivli-
sis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Feldek v. Slovakia, (saCivris nom.
29032/95).
15
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2003 wlis 11 mar-
tis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Lesnik v. Slovakia, (saCivris nom.
35640/97).
16
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2004 wlis 30 mar-
tis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Radio France and Others v. France, (saCiv-
ris nom. 53984/00).
17
iqve, para. 31.
36
mocemuli suliskveTebis gagrZelebas warmoadgens
aseve saqme Sovi da sxvebi safrangeTis winaaRmdeg,18
romelic warmoadgenda ciliswamebis tipur SemTxvevas.
es saqme ki imiTaa gamorCeuli, rom evropulma sasamar-
Tlom pirvelad axsena sityva `konfliqti~ da daadgina,
rom am SemTxvevaSi saxeze iyo konfliqti piradi da
ojaxuri cxovrebis pativiscemis uflebasa da gamoxat-
vis Tavisuflebas Soris, rac saWiroebda dabalanse-
bas.19 amiT sasamarTlom praqtikulad uaryo misi Zveli
midgoma, roca reputaciis uflebas ar ganixilavda pi-
radi uflebis WrilSi da gadadga mniSvnelovani nabiji,
rac erTi mxriv niSnavda piradi cxovrebis uflebis
dacvis ufro myari garantiebis Seqmnas, xolo meore
mxriv ki aRiara, rom sruliad SesaZlebelia konvenciis
me-10 da me-8 muxlebi erTmaneTTan movidnen konfliq-
tSi, ramac ganapiroba, sasamarTlos daewyo fiqri am
konfliqtis dabalansebisaTvis.20
miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlos ar daudgenia raime
standarti, romlis mixedviTac moaxdenda konfliqtis
dabalansebas. sadavo sakiTxebis gadawyveta kvlav pro-
porciulobis principis mixedviT xdeboda, romlis mTa-
vari kriteriumia, SezRudva unda iyos àucilebeli
demokratiul sazogadoebaSi~. sakiTxis am gziT gadaw-
18
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2004 wlis 29 ivni-
sis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Chauvy and others v. France, (saCivris
nom. 64915/01).
19
iqve, para. 70.
20
Stijn Smet, “Freedom of Expression and the Right to Reputation: Human
Rights in Conflict,” American University International Law Review, Vol.
26, Issue 1 (2010), 193-194.
37
yveta ar unda iyos sakmarisi. Tuki adre proporciu-
lobis principiT upiratesoba eniWeboda gamoxatvis Ta-
visuflebas, Semdgom saqmeebSi sasamarTlom daadgina,
rom ukve me-10 muxlis ganmarteba unda momxdariyo uf-
ro viwrod, vidre aqamde. es ki imas niSnavs, rom gamo-
xatvis Tavisuflebis aSkara dominireba piradi cxovre-
bis uflebaze uaryofil iqna.21
sasamarTlom Semdgom saqmeebSi ganmarta, rom pira-
di cxovrebis pativiscemis cneba vrceldeba ara mxo-
lod reputaciaze, aramed, saxelze, sxva personalur
monacemebze, fotoebze da aseve pirovnul mTlianobaze.
me-8 muxli aseve icavs piris ganmartoebis uflebas da
uflebas ganviTardes da miiRos gadawyvetilebebi sxva-
Ta Caurevlad.22 amasTan, piradi cxovrebis pativiscemis
ufleba ar Semoifargleba mxolod ganmartoebis ufle-
biT, adamiani sazogadoebrivi arsebaa, Sesabamisad, Zalze
SezRuduli iqneboda piradi cxovrebis cneba Semosaz-
Rvruliyo mxolod `Sida wriT~ (ganmartoebis ufle-
biT), piradi cxovrebis pativiscema aseve moicavs gar-
kveul farglebSi sxva adamianebTan urTierTobis damya-
rebisa da ganviTarebis uflebas.23
21
Jonas Gulde, Jonas Gulde, “An Assessment of the European Court of
Human Rights’ Balancing of the Rights to Privacy and Freedom of
Expression,” Edinbourgh Student Law Review, Vol. 2, Issue1 (2013), 34-35.
22
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2004 wlis 24 ivni-
sis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Von Hannover v. Germany, (saCivris nom.
59320/00), para. 50, SemdgomSi citirebulia, rogorc: Von Hannover
v. Germany.
23
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 15 noem-
bris gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Pfeifer v. Austria, (saCivris nom.
12556/03), para. 33.
38
rogorc qveTavis dasawyisSi aRiniSna, sasamarTlo
politikosebsa da sajaro figurebs Tmenis met valde-
bulebas aniWebs vidre Cveulebriv pirebs. sainteresoa
orive tipis saqmeebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba.
saqmeSi von hanoveri germaniis winaaRmdeg24 damou-
kidebelma Jurnalistma araerTi faruli foto gadau-
Ro monakos proncesas, romelic kerZo vizitebiT xvde-
boda msaxiob vinsent lindens da gamoaqveyna isini ker-
Zo germanul JurnalebSi Bunte, Freizeit Revue da Neue
Post25 sxvadasxva provokaciuli saTaurebiT, maT Soris
mis partniorTan mimarTebiTac. magaliTad, is ironiu-
lad moixseniebda princesas, rogorc `wminda umankoe-
bas~, romelic ver gaxdeboda vinsentis ìdealuri co-
li~.26 zogierT suraTze germaniis sasamarTloebma da-
akmayofiles karolin von hanoveris sarCeli, Tumca ma-
Ti nawili kvlav sajaro rCeboda. amasTan, arc Jurna-
listi apirebda gaCerebas. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom
sxva adamianebTan urTierTobisas (romelic aseve eqceva
me-8 muxliT daculi uflebis farglebSi) pirs aqvs
imis `legitimuri molodini~, rom misi piradi cxovre-
ba iqneba daculi.27 es ki imas niSnavs, saxelmwifos
aqvs ara mxolod negatiuri valdebuleba ar Caerios
piris pirad cxovrebaSi, aramed mas ekisreba aseve pozi-
tiuri valdebulebac, rac gulisxmobs, rom saxelmwi-
fom yvela Rone unda ixmaros, raTa Seqmnas saTanado
24
Von Hannover, v. Germany, ix. sqolio 22.
25
iqve, para. 10, 11 da Semdgomni.
26
iqve, para. 11-13.
27
iqve, para. 51.
39
pirobebi, rom ar moxdes konvenciiT dacul uflebaSi
TviTneburi Careva. sasamarTlom aseve gaimeora, rom pi-
radi cxovrebis ufleba aucileblad unda iqnas daba-
lansebuli gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis uflebasTan mimar-
TebiT, radgan orive ufleba warmoadgens demokratiuli
sazogadoebis fuZemdebel principebs. sasamarTlom gai-
meora, rom me-10 muxli vrceldeba aseve ideebis, fo-
toebis da sxva piradi detalebis, maT Soris intimuri
sferos Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcelebazec, amasTan
dasZina, rom saqmeSi arsebuli suraTebi, sadac karoli-
ni mis partniorTan erTad Canda, warmoadgenda ganmcxa-
deblis intimuri cxovrebis amsaxvel kadrebs.28 msgavsi
saxis informaciis gavrcelebisaTvis aucilebelia aSka-
ra sazogadoebrivi interesis arseboba. sasamarTlom aR-
niSna, rom aseTi interesi SesaZloa saxeze iyos iseT
SemTxvevebSi, roca saqme exeba magaliTad, politikuri
Tanamdebobis piris saqmianobas. am SemTxvevaSi, mediis,
rogorc sazogadoebis informirebulobis uflebis sa-
darajoze myofi institutis me-10 muxliT daculma
uflebam SesaZloa gadawonos piris piradi cxovrebis
pativiscemis ufleba. rac Seexeba ganmcxadebels, is ar
warmoadgenda arc politikoss, arc sajaro moxeles,
aramed gamoCenili iyo, rogorc kulturul sferoSi
moRvawe piri. rac Seexeba fotoebs, maT aranairi kavSi-
ri ar hqondaT mis saqmianobasTan da Sesabamisad warmo-
adgendnen ganmcxadeblis pirad cxovrebaSi Carevas. aseT
SemTxvevebSi, gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis interpretacia
28
iqve, para. 57-59.
40
unda moxdes viwrod. sasamarTlom gaimeora, rom piris
piradi cxovrebis dacva fundamentur uflebas warmoad-
gens, romelic vrceldeba aseve mis ojaxuri cxovrebis
pativiscemis uflebazec. Sesabamisad pirs aqvs legiti-
muri molodini, iyos daculi. sasamarTlom daadgina,
rom piradi cxovrebisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis
uflebebs Soris balansis gadamwyvet faqtors warmoad-
gens zogadi sazogadoebrivi ganxilvis interesis arse-
boba. mocemul saqmeSi ki aseTi interesi ar dadastur-
da, radgan sazogadoebas ar unda hqondes im piris pi-
radi cxovrebis detalebis ganxilvis interesi, rome-
lic gvevlineba kerZo pirad da ar asrulebs sajaro
uflebamosilebas.29 Sesabamisad sasamarTlom daadgina
me-8 muxlis darRveva.
uflebaTa Soris aseTi balansis arseboba daadas-
tura sasamarTlom Semdgom saqmeebSic. am mxriv sainte-
resoa saqme goreliSvili saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg,30 sa-
dac Jurnalisti (goreliSvili) ikvlevda parlamenta-
ris finansur mdgomareobas mis mierve Sevsebuli dek-
laraciis safuZvelze. Jurnalisturi gamoZiebisas gan-
mcxadebelma daadgina, rom parlamentars hqonda araer-
Ti agaraki, maTgan yvela ar hqonda miTiTebuli dekla-
raciaSi. Jurnalistma daiwyo fotoebis Segroveba da
maTi gazeTSi gamoqveyneba, sadac parlamentars koruf-
ciaSi amxelda. sasamarTlom gaimeora mediis aqtiuri
29
iqve, para. 60-77.
30
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2007 wlis 5 ivnisis
gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Gorelishvili v. Georgia, (saCivris nom.
12979/04).
41
rolis fundamenturi mniSvneloba, aseve ciliswamebas-
Tan mimarTebiT aRniSna, rom im droisTvis saqarTvelos
ar hqonda miRebuli saTanado kanoni, romelic moawes-
rigebda gamoxatvis Tavisuflebisa da politikosTa
Tmenis sakiTxebs, arsebobda mxolod samoqalaqo kodeq-
sis me-18 muxli, romelic ar iyo cxadi da ganWvreta-
di, Sesabamisad, SezRudva am muxlze miTiTebiT ver da-
akmayofilebda kanonierebis kriteriumis moTxovnas. sa-
samarTlom miiCnia, rom ganmcxadeblis mier warmoTqmu-
li provokaciuli mosazrebebi warmoadgenda parlamen-
taris qonebrivi deklaraciis subieqtur Sefasebas, am
SemTxvevaSi ki gaumarTlebelia masze mtkicebis tvir-
Tis dakisreba. sasamarTlo daakmayofila argumentma,
rom ganmcxadebeli uflebamosili iyo Seemowmebina par-
lamentaris mier Sevsebuli qonebrivi deklaracia. amas-
Tan, xazi gausva, parlamentari warmoadgenda politi-
kur figuras da asrulebda sajaro uflebamosilebas,
romelic sazogadoebrivi yuradRebis qveS iyo moqceu-
li. Sesabamisad JurnalistisTvis informaciis Tavisu-
fali gavrcelebis SezRudva dakvalificirda konvenciis
me-10 muxlis darRvevad.31
amrigad, mocemul qveTavSi ganxiluli saqmeebis
analizidan aSkaraa, rom sasamarTlo meti gulisyuriT
moekida piradi cxovrebis mniSvnelobas, gaafarTova is
da rig sakiTxebSi upiratesoba mianiWa informaciis Ta-
visufal gavrcelebasTan mimarTebiT. amasTan, sasamar-
Tlom SeimuSava garkveuli damabalansebeli meqanizmi.
kerZod, yuradReba eqceva zogadi sazogadoebrivi inte-
31
iqve, para. 31-43.
42
resis arsebobas, romlisTvisac erT-erTi gadamwyveti
faqtori aris, asrulebs Tu ara piri sajaro ufleba-
mosilebas. sasamarTlom gadawyvita, rom politikoseb-
Tan mimarTebiT medias gamoxatvis ufro meti Tavisuf-
leba unda mieniWos, raTa Seasrulos Tavisi umniSvne-
lovanesi funqcia da iyos sazogadoebis informirebu-
lobis sadarajoze. aseT SemTxvevebSi, gansxvavebiT Cve-
ulebrivi kerZo pirebisa, gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas uf-
ro meti wona aqvs vidre politikosis piradi cxovre-
bis uflebas.32
1.4 Tanamedrove tendenciebi – retrograduli

azrovneba Tu saboloo zRvris dadgena?
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos bolo

gadawyvetilebebi SedarebiT axal midgomas ayalibebs. am
mxriv sainteresoa saqemeebi mgn limiTid gaerTianebuli
samefos winaaRmdeg33 da von hanoveri germaniis winaaR-
mdeg (nom. 2).34 orive saqme exeba presis mxridan cno-
bad pirovnebaTa pirad cxovrebaSi Carevis sakiTxebs da
32
Dirk Voorhoof, “Freedom of Expression Under the European Human
Rights System – From Sunday Times (No 1) v. U. K. (1979) to Hachette
Filipacchi Associes (Ici Paris) v. France (2009),” Inter-American and
European Human Rights Journal, Vol. 2, (2009), 23.
33
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2011 wlis 18 ianvris
gadawyvetileba saqmeze, MGN Limited V. The United Kingdom, (saCivris
nom. 39401/04).
34
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2012 wlis 7 Teber-
vlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Von Hannover v. Germany (No. 2), (saCiv-
ris nom. 40660/08 da 60641/08).
43
sainteresoa Tu ra saxis pozicia daiWira sasamarTlom
me-8 da me-10 muxlebis dabalansebasTan mimarTebiT.
saqme mgn limiTid exeba cobili msaxiobisa da mom-
Rerlis, naomi kempbelis35 pirad cxovrebaSi Carevas
presis mxridan. presis mier gamoqveynebuli statiebiTa
da fotoebiT, romelebic exeboda msaxiobis janmrTelo-
bis sakiTxebs, irkveoda, rom TiTqos is iyo narkotike-
bis momxmarebeli. aRniSnuli faqti Semdgom ar dadas-
turda eqspertizis mier. kempbelma moigo Sidasasamar-
Tlo instanciebi. amis Semdeg, gamomcemlobam gancxadeba
Seitana adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi
mis mimarT gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis moti-
viT. sasamarTlom gansakuTrebuli yuradReba dauTmo
proporciulobis principis ganxilvas, kerZod iyo Tu
ara SezRudva aucilebeli demokratiul sazogadoebaSi.
sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis
SezRudva unda ganimartos viwrod. es saqme imiTaa mniS-
vnelovani, rom sasamarTlom daadgina me-10 muxlis
darRveva ara imitom, rom gamomcemels SeezRuda kempbe-
lis piradi informaciis gavrceleba (sasamarTlom CaT-
vala, rom msaxiobis reputaciis, intimuri sferosa da
piradi cxovrebis dacvis motiviT presis gamoxatvis
Tavisuflebis SezRudva warmoadgenda legitimur mizans
da am mxriv daculi iyo proporciulobis proncipi),36
35
kempbelis saqme Semdgom ufro detalurad iqneba
ganxiluli inglisis magaliTze.
36
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2011 wlis 18 ianvris
gadawyvetileba saqmeze, MGN Limited V. The United Kingdom, (saCivris
nom. 39401/04), para. 154-156.
44
aramed imitom, rom gamomcemlobas daekisra didi ode-
nobiT jarima, romelic ver akmayofilebda proporciu-
lobis tests.37
rac Seexeba von hanoveri (2)-is saqmes,38 SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom sasamarTlom msjelobaSi sakuTar Tavs `ga-
daaWarba~, radikalurad uaryo ra ramodenime wlis win
mis mierve gamotanili gadawyvetileba amave saqmeze.39
Tuki wina gadawyvetilebaSi me-8 da me-10 muxlebis kon-
fliqtis dabalansebis kuTxiT sasamarTlom gamoyo ori
mTavari faqtori: a) zogadi sazogadoebrivi interesis
arseboba; b) sajaro uflebamosilebis ganxorcieleba,
Tavis meore gadawyvetilebaSi didi palata daeyrdno
mxolod pirveli kriteriumis, zogadi sazogadoebrivi
interesis arsebobas. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davas-
kvnaT, rom nebismieri piris, romelic sazogadoebisaT-
vis cnobadia, piradi cxovrebis uflebas, gadawonis
sxvaTa gamoxatvis Tavisufleba.40
saqmeSi aqsel Springeri germaniis winaaRmdeg,41 ga-
momcemlobam gamoaqveyna msaxiobis suraTebi, romelic
daakaves kokainis moxmarebisaTvis. mocemul saqmeSi sa-
37
iqve, para. 219-220.
38
vlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Von Hannover v. Germany (No. 2), (saCiv-
ris nom. 40660/08 da 60641/08).
39
aRniSnul saqmeze sasamarTlos pirveli gadawyvetileba
ganxilulia wina qveTavSi.
40
Elspeth Reid, “Rebalancing Privacy and Freedom of Expression,”
Edinburgh Law Review, Vol. 16, Issue 2, (2012), 257.
41
vlis gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Axel Springer AG v. Germany, (saCivris
nom. 39954/08).
45
samarTlom aRniSna, rom imisaTvis, rom me-8 muxli mo-
vides moqmedebaSi, piris reputaciaze Seteva unda akma-
yofilebdes seriozolobis garkveul dones. me-8 mux-
lze dayrdnoba gamoiricxeba iseT SemTxvevebSi, rode-
sac reputaciis Selaxva aris Tavad am piris moqmedeba-
Ta logikuri Sedegi.42
amrigad, Tanamedrove saqmeebis (gansakuTrebiT, von
hanoveri (2)) analiziT irkveva, rom sasamarTlo nawi-
lobriv kvlav daubrunda pirveli Taobis saqmeebs, sa-
dac gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas aSkara upiratesoba eniWe-
boda. Tumca sasamarTlo kvlav aRiarebs pirad cxovre-
basa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas Soris konfliqts.
aseve gvTavazeobs axlebur midgomas, sadac gadamwyveti
faqtori eniWeba zogadi sazogadoebrivi interesis ar-
sebobas. rig SemTxvevebSi ki43 dawesebulia zRvari me-8
muxlis asamoqmedeblad.
2. anglo-amerikul samarTalSi damkvidrebuli xedva
2.1 piradi sferos pativiscemis ufleba inglisis

magaliTze
inglisSi sakmaod mwiria iseTi kanonmdebloba, ro-

melic mravalmxrivad daicavda individis pirad sferos
Caurevlobisagan. swored amitom didi mniSvneloba eni-
42
Elspeth Reid, “Rebalancing Privacy and Freedom of Expression,”
Edinburgh Law Review, Vol. 16, Issue 2, (2012), 258.
43
magaliTad, naxsenebi Springer-is saqme.
46
Weba sasamarTlo praqtikas. pirad sferosa da gamoxat-
vis Tavisuflebas Soris arsebuli konfliqtis dasare-
gulireblad erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi kanonia adamia-
nis uflebaTa 1998 wlis aqti,44 romelic miRebul iq-
na adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis implementa-
ciisTvis.45
piradi sfero Tavis TavSi moicavs ara mxolod pi-
radi informaciis flobas, aramed is individs saSuale-
bas aZlevs ganaviTaros sakuTari pirovneba, rogorc
gancalkevebiT, aseve sazogadoebis sxva wevrebTan urTi-
erTobiT. zogierTi mecnieri imasac amatebs, rom piradi
sfero moicavs individis uflebas ganaxorcielos èq-
sperimentebi~ sakuTar cxovrebaze, Seicvalos xasiaTi,
garegnoba, Tavisuflad airCios profesia da dagegmos
sakuTari momavali, aseve gauziaros sakuTari persona-
luri Tu piraduli informacia sxvebs. mecnierTa nawi-
li axlebur xedvas ayalibebs, romlis Tanaxmadac, pi-
radi informacia SeiZleba warmovidginoT rogorc gamo-
xatvis Tavisuflebis erT-erTi nairsaxeoba im mxriv,
rom individi Tavad wyvets Tu vis, sad da ra viTareba-
Si gaandos is. am mxriv ki SesaZloa uflebaTa kon-
fliqti, rogorc aseTi saerTod ar iyos saxeze.46
miuxedavad amisa, sainteresoa Tu rogori pozicia
uWiravs sasamarTlos. saWiroa gaeces Semdeg kiTxvas
pasuxi, aris Tu ara saxeze prezumfcia romelime uf-
44
Human Rights Act 1998.
45
George WEI Sze Shun, “MilkyWay and Andromeda: Privacy,
Confidentioality and Freedom of Expression,” Singapore Academy of Law
Journal, Vol. 18, Issue 1, (March 2006), 15.
46
iqve, 16.
47
lebis sasargeblod? saqmeSi Campbell v MGN Ltd47ingli-
sis lordTa palatam48 aRniSna, rom rogorc piradi
sferos, aseve gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis ufleba, Tanaba-
ri mniSvnelobis uflebebia da orive maTgani fundamen-
turi Rirebulebisaa demokratiuli sazogadoebis arse-
bobisaTvis. amasTan, arc erTi maTgani ar dominirebs me-
oreze.49
erTaderTi inglisuri saqme, romelic aRniSnulTan
dakavSirebiT badebs garkveul SekiTxvebs aris saapela-
cio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba saqmeSi A v B plc, rome-
lic exeboda cnobili fexburTelis seqsualuri urTi-
erTobebis Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcelebas. sasamar-
Tlom mocemul saqmeze ganacxada, rom dauSvebeli iyo
SezRuduliyo fexburTelis Sesaxeb mocemuli informa-
ciis gavrceleba winaswari zomis saxiT, manam, sanam is
sasamarTloSi ar daamtkicebda im faqts, rom misi pira-
di xasiaTis informaciis gavrcelebis ufleba ar hqon-
da gamomcemlobas.50 am saqmeSi sasamarTlom TiTqos ga-
moxatvis Tavisufleba ufro farTod ganmarta, Tumca
47
Campbell v MGN, gaerTianebuli samefos lordTa palatis 2004
wlis 6 maisis gadawyvetileba, xelmisawvdomia.:
<http://www.bailii.org/cgi-
bin/markup.cgi?doc=/uk/cases/UKHL/2004/22.html&query=campbell&me
thod=all> [19.08.2015].
48
2010 wlamde inglisis lordTa palatas hqonda aseve sasamar-
Tlo funqciebic SeTavsebuli. Semdgom es funqciebi srulad gada-
vida inglisis uzenaesi sasamarTlos kompetenciis qveS. ix.:
<https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Judicial_func
tions_of_the_House_of_Lords.html> [19.08.2015].
49
Campbell, §12.
50
George WEI Sze Shun, (dasaxelebuli naSromi), 19.
48
mniSvnelovania imis aRniSvna, rom amave saqmeSi sasamar-
Tlom kvlav gausva xazi orive uflebis Tanaswor xasi-
aTs.51
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani kriteriumi, rasac yurad-
Reba eqceva aris piradi sferos daculobis gonivruli
molodinis arseboba.52 aRniSnuls piradi sferos dasa-
cavad daaxloebiT iseTive mniSvneloba aqvs, rogorc
sazogadoebrivi interesis arsebobas gamoxatvis Tavi-
suflebisaTvis.53 Campbell-is saqmeSi, lordTa palatam
aRniSna, informaciis piraduli xasiaTis erT-erTi indi-
katoria is, rom individs, romelsac es informacia
exeba, aqvs misi daculobis gonivruli molodini.54 mom-
devno saqmeebSi, magaliTad, rogoricaa Associated
Newspapers Limited v Prince of Wales,55 sasamarTlom igive
gaimeora da daamata, rom bevr saqmeSi informacia SesaZ-
loa iyos erTdroulad, piradi da konfidencialuri
xasiaTis. sasamarTlom piradi informaciis buneba axsna
Semdegnairad, is unda Seicavdes iseTi saxis informaci-
as, romelsac is, visac exeba, Tvlis piradulad da ar
surs gauziaros farTo masebs.56 miuxedavad amisa, mec-
51
iqve.
52 adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebSi
is moxseniebulia, rogorc `legitimuri molodini~, ix. wina qveTa-
vebi.
53
George WEI Sze Shun, (dasaxelebuli naSromi), 47.
54
Campbell, para. 96.
55
Associated Newspapers Limited v Prince of Wales, gaerTianebuli same-
fos lordTa palatis 2006 wlis 21 dekembris gadawyvetileba, ix.:
<http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2006/1776.html>
[19.08.2015]
56
Associated Newspapers Limited, par. 33.
49
nierTa nawili Tvlis, rom piradi sferos daculobis
gonivruli molodinis kriteriumi sakmaod abstraqtu-
lia da bundovania.57 gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac in-
formacia gasajarovdeba. magaliTad, Campbell‐is saqmeze
lordma nikolasma gamoTqva azri, romlis Tanaxmadac,
mas Semdeg, rac msaxiobis narkodamokidebulebaze, miuxe-
davad imisa, rom presam daudasturebeli informacia ga-
avrcela, mas ukve mainc veRar eqneboda imis gonivruli
molodini, rom misi piradi sfero am mxriv SemdgomSi
daculi iqneboda, radgan SekiTxvebi sazogadoebaSi yo-
elTvis darCeboda.58 sabolood mocemul saqmeSi umrav-
lesobam gadawyvita, rom ibformaciis gamJRavnebiT Sei-
laxa mosarCelis piradi sferos pativiscemis ufleba.
sagulisxmoa, rom rogorc wina qveTavSi aRiniSna,
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom kempbelis59
saqmeze, daadgina, rom dairRva presis gamoxatvis Tavi-
sufleba, Tumca ara imitom, rom rom presas aekrZala
kempbelis fotoebis gamoqveyneba, aramed imitom, rom
gamomcemlobas didi odenobiT jarima daekisra. aqedan
gamomdinare, unda vivaraudooT, rom evropuli sasamar-
Tlo srulad daeTanxma inglisis sasamarTloebis msje-
lobas piradi sferos pativiscemasTan mimarTebiT.
57
Geoffrey Gomery, “Whose Autonomy Matters - Reconciling the
Competing Claims of Privacy and Freedom of Expression,” Legal Studies,
Vol. 27, Issue 3, (September 2007): 410, 27 Legal Stud. 404 (2007).
58
George WEI Sze Shun, (dasaxelebuli naSromi), 48-49.
59
ix. wina qveTavSi ganxiluli MGN Limited‐is saqme.
50
2.2 Ria mmarTvelobis principi da piradi da
personaluri informaciis dacvis molodini
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis magaliTze
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi informaciis Tavi-

suflebas, gansakuTrebiT ki sajaro struqturebis gam-
Wvirvalobasa da sajaro informaciaze wvdomas, isto-
riulad didi mniSvneloba eniWeba da misi mizania xal-
xma SeZlos maT mier arCeuli da dafinansebuli xeli-
suflebis kontroli.60 marTalia, gamWvirvale mmarTve-
lobis principi fundamenturi Rirebulebisaa demokra-
tiuli sazogadoebis arsebobisTvis, Tumca sajaro in-
formaciaze farTo wvdomam SesaZloa gamoiwvios indivi-
dis piradi da personaluri informaciis arapirdapiri
xelyofa.61
saqmeSi Pennsylvania State University v. State
Employees’ Retirement Board (Penn State),62universitetis
personali asaCivrebda Semcirebis komisiis mier maTi
saxelebisa da xelfasebis Sesaxeb informaciis gasaja-
roebas. pensilvaniis uzenaesma sasamarTlom aRniSna,
60
Deborah G. Johnson, Priscilla m. Regan, Kent Wayland, “Campaign
Disclosure, Privacy and Transparency,” William & Mary Bill of Rights
Journal, Vol. 19, Issue 4 (May 2011), 959.
61
Lindsay M. Schoeneberger, “Striking a Balance Between Public Interest
of Transparency of Government and The privacy of Personal Identification
and Sexurity Information: An Examination of Tribune-Review Publishing
Co. V. Bodack,” Widener Law Journal, Vol. 19, Issue 2 (2010), 577-578.
62
Pa. State Univ. v. State Wmployees’ Ret. Bd. (Penn State), 935 A.2d 530
(2007), aSS, pensilvaniis Statis uzenaesi sasamarTlos gadawyveti-
leba, xelmisawvdomia.: <http://caselaw.findlaw.com/pa-supreme-
court/1028247.html> [19.08.2015].
51
rom kanonmdeblobiT daculia individis piradi sferos
ufleba, romlis Tanaxmadac, piradi xasiaTis informacia
unda iyos amoricxuli nebismieri saxis sajaro informa-
ciidan, romelmac SesaZloa ziani miayenos pirovnebis re-
putacias an pirad usafrTxoebas. Tumca sasamarTlom da-
adgina, rom xelfasebisa da saxelebis gasajaroeba am
SemTxvevaSi (radgan Semcirebis komisia warmoadgenda ad-
ministraciul organos, xolo mosarCeleebma maTi sakiT-
xis ganxilva miandes komisias) ar warmoadgenda im do-
nis pirad informacias, romlis gasajaroebac maT repu-
tacias an usafrTxoebas safrTxes Seuqmnida.63
saqmeSi Tribune‐review Publishing Co. v. Bodack,64pen-
silvaniis uzenaesma sasamarTlom SeimuSava damabalanse-
beli testi. saqme exeboda mobiluri telefonebis nom-
rebis Canawerebis gavrcelebas. sasamarTlom aRniSna,
rom telefonebis wigni, rogorc aseTi, aris sajaro
informacia, Sesabamisad, maTi gasajaroeba dasaSvebia,
Tumca unda aRiniSnos, imis sazogadoebrivi interesi,
rom konkretuli piris mobiluris nomeri iqnas gasaja-
roebuli gacilebiT naklebia, vidre individis interesi
daculi iyos misi piradi informacia.65 Sedegad, dasaS-
63
Co. V. Bodack,” Widener Law Journal, Vol. 19, Issue 2 (2010), 580-582.
64
case of Tribune-review Publishing Co. v. Bodack, 961 A.2d 110, (2008),
aSS, pensilvaniis Statis uzenaesi sasamarTlo, ix.:
<http://caselaw.findlaw.com/pa-supreme-court/1431680.html>
[19.08.2015]
65
52
vebi gaxda telefonis nomrebis wignis gasajaroeba,
mxolod mas Semdeg, rac moxdeboda misi redaqtireba,
kerZod saxelebi da gvarebi Seicvleboda inicialebiT.66
saqmeSi jackson v. Texas Department of Public
Safety,67sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis departamentma Se-
adgina im pirTa sia, romelTac CamoerTvaT marTvis uf-
leba. moqalaqem moiTxova am informaciis gacnoba. de-
partamentma uari ganucxada im motiviT, rom es gamoiw-
vevda siaSi naxseneb pirTa piradi informaciis gamJRav-
nebas. sasamarTlom aRniSna, rom marTalia administra-
ciuli organos saqmianoba unda iyos Ria da gamWvirva-
le, Tumca aman ar unda xelyos sxva pirTa piradi sfe-
ros pativiscemis ufleba. mocemul saqmeSi, imisTvis,
rom informacia gasajaroebuliyo, mtkicebis tvirTi
daekisra mosarCeles, kerZod mas unda daemtkicebina ga-
sajaroebis sazogadoebrivi interesis arseboba. Sesaba-
misad, administraciuli organos uari iyo marTebuli.68
saqmeSi Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts v. Attorney
General of Texas,69erT-erTma Jurnalma sajaro angariSe-

Co. V. Bodack,” Widener Law Journal, Vol. 19, Issue 2 (2010), 590.
66
iqve, 584 da Semdgomni.
67
case of jackson v. Texas Department of Public Safety, 243 S.W.3d 754
(Tex. App. – Corpus Christi 2007), aSS, texasis saapelacio sasamarTlo,
ix.: <http://caselaw.findlaw.com/tx-court-of-appeals/1108991.html>
[19.08.2015].
68
Teresa Wohlers, Leigh Vander, Ryan Rollans, ... etc., “Case Law
Update,” Texas Tech Administrative Law Jurnal, Vol. 10, Issue 1 (Fall
2008), 143.
69
case of Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts v. Attorney General of
Texas, 244 S.W.3d 629 (2008), aSS, texasis uzenaesi sasamarTlo, ix.:
53
bis zedamxedvelisgan moiTxova yvela saxis informacia
yvela sajaro moxeleze, maT Soris, maTi dabadebis Ta-
riRebi. zedamxedvelma uari ganucxada gamomcemlobas im
motiviT, rom aRiSnuli Seicavda konfidencialur in-
formacias. sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom sajaro moxele-
Ta dabadebis TariRebi warmoadgenda konfidencialur
informacias da Sesabamisad gamomcemlobas unda daem-
tkicebina maTi gasajaroebis sajaro interesis arsebo-
ba.70
amrigad, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom gansxvavebiT ker-
Zo pirebisagan (kompaniebisagan), administraciul orga-
noebs ufro meti pasuxismgebloba ekisrebaT, raTa ar
ganaxorcielon iseTi qmedeba, romelic xelyofs sxvaTa
pirad an personalur informacias. amasTan, mniSvnelova-
nia, rom dacviT sargebloben ara mxolod kerZo pirebi,
aramed Tavad administraciuli organos moxeleebic.
daskvna
amrigad, piradi cxovreba da gamoxatvis Tavisuf-

leba TiTqmis yovelTvis modian konfliqtSi, romlis
gadawyvetac mravalgvari SeiZleba iyos, dawyebuli ro-
melime maTganisTvis upiratesobis miniWebiT da dasru-
lebuli Sualeduri gadawyvetilebiT. adamianis ufleba-
<http://caselaw.findlaw.com/tx-supreme-court/1546821.html>
[19.08.2015].
70
Teresa Wohlers, Leigh Vander, Ryan Rollans, ... etc., “Case Law
Update,” Texas Tech Administrative Law Jurnal, Vol. 10, Issue 1 (Fall
2008), 142.
54
Ta evropuli sasamarTlos praqtika, romelic uxvad iq-
na mimoxiluli, araerTgvarovania, kerZod, ar aris Se-
muSavebuli arc erTgvarovani testi. gadawyvetilebaTa
nawilSi yuradReba eqceva, rogorc zogadi sazogadoeb-
rivi interesis arsebobas, aseve sajaro uflebamosile-
bis ganxorcielebis moments. ukanaskneli periodis ga-
dawyvetilebebi ki mxolod zogadi sazogadoebrivi in-
teresis kriteriumiT kmayofildebian, rac iwvevs gamo-
xatvis Tavisuflebis gafetiSebas, amiT ki sasamarTlo
TiTqos retrogradulad azrovnebs da ubrundeba pirve-
li Taobis saqmeebs, im gansxvavebiT, rom aRiarebs uf-
lebaTa Soris konfliqtis arsebobas. sainteresod uyu-
reben mocemul problemas anglo-amerikuli samarTlis
qveynebi. mecnierTa nawili saerTod uaryofs konfliq-
tis arsebobas da pirad sferosa da informaciis gav-
rcelebas gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis or mxared miiCneven.
Tumca sasamarTlo praqtika cdilobs garkveuli testi
Camoayalibos, ZiriTadad ki esaa imis gonivruli molo-
dini, rom piradi sfero iqneba daculi. amasTan, aRsa-
niSnavia am kriteriumis bundovani xasiaTi. bolos ki
SeiZleba darwmunebiT iTqvas, rom rogorc adamianis
uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo, aseve anglo-amerikuli
samarTali gacilebiT mkacrad udgeba sajaro xelisuf-
lebis mier piradi informaciis gavrcelebis sakiTxs,
rac erTgvar CarCoebSi aqcevs gamWvirvale mmarTvelo-
bis princips. yovelive ki SeiZleba aixsnas samarTlis
TeoriaSi kargad damkvidrebuli mosazrebiT, rom poli-
tika dominirebs samarTalze, romelic, garkveulwilad,
politikis produqtia. miuxedavad amisa, Tanamedrove
55
demokratiul sazogadoebaSi ki Zalze fexmokidebulia
liberaluri midgoma, romelic gulisxmobs saxelmwi-
fos SezRudvas adamianis uflebebiT. Sedegad, kerZo
seqtors, magaliTad, presas, medias da a. S. yovelTvis
ufro meti Sansi aqvT TavianTi gamoxatvis Tavisufle-
biT gadafaron individis piradi sferos dacvis ufle-
ba, maSin, roca saxelmwifo struqturebi yovelTvis
mkacri kontrolis qveS iqnebian informaciis gavrcele-
bis kuTxiT.
56
Giorgi Bagdavadze – Student (MA) at Tbilisi State University,
Faculty of Law, Institute of International Law, (1st year)
WHERE DO YOU DRAW THE LINE BETWEEN THE

FREEDOM TO IMPART INFORMATION AND THE
RIGHT TO RESPECT FOR PRIVATE AND
FAMILY LIFE?
Freedom of expression as well as the right to protect

privacy and family life is one of the cornerstones for a modern
society. Lots of universal deeds guarantee these two rights,
especially the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as well as
regional conventions like European or Inter-American
Conventions on Human Rights. However, in practice there are
numerous cases were these rights need to be balanced with
each other.
This article tries to analyze the above-mentioned
situation and in particular, if there is a horizontal or vertical
relationship between the Right to Freedom of Expression and
the Right to Privacy? Under which circumstances does one
right prevail over the other? How do international courts, such
as European Court of Human Rights, deal with issues like this?
Is there a straight and systematic approach to resolve a
collision of these rights?
The article also compares how these issues are
discussed and solved on different domestic levels. Particularly,
it focuses on UK and USA case-law. Finally, the different
approaches to these issues are summarized.
57
salome gorgoZe

saxelmwifo universitetis socialur da
politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis
magistraturis II kursis studenti
religiuri Tematika da eTikuri

standarti qarTul onlainmediaSi
Sesavali
religiuri sakiTxebis gaSuqeba imgvar TemaTa rigs

ganekuTvneba, romelsac media aqtualurad aSuqebs. Aaqe-
dan gamomdinare, media valdebulia aRniSnuli Tema
profesiuli standartebisa da eTikuri normebis dacviT
gaaSuqos. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, religiuri Temis
arasworad gaSuqebam SesaZloa sazogadoebaSi arsebul
religiuri jgufebis dapirispirebasa da konfliqtis
gaRvivebas Seuwyos xeli. warmoqmnas stereotipebi an
ukve arsebuli ganamtkicos.
sakvlevi Tema mniSvnelovania, radgan religiis
Tavisuflebis uflebis gareSe warmoudgenelia demokra-
tiuli saxelmwifos arseboba. am procesSi gansazRvru-
lia mediis gansakuTrebuli roli, obieqturad asaxos
movlenebi, imsjelos religiuri problematikis Sesaxeb
da am TvalsazrisiT uzrunvelyos sazogadoebis in-
formirebuloba. religiuri Tavisufleba aRiarebulia,
rogorc qveynis umaRlesi kanoniT _ konstituciiT,
58
aseve saerTaSoriso aqtebiT. is moicavs TiToeuli ada-
mianis uflebas, rogorc martom, ise sxvebTan erTad,
gaacxados Tavisi religia an rwmena aRmsareblobiT,
swavlebiT, ritualebis SesrulebiTa da dacviT.
saqarTvelo mravaleTnikuri qveyanaa, sadac sauku-
neTa ganmavlobaSi erTmaneTis gverdiT mSvidobianad Ta-
naarsebobdnen sxvadasxva eTnikuri warmomavlobisa da
aRmsareblobis adamianebi. religiuri problemebi Cvens
qveyanaSi perioduli gaaqtiurebiT xasiaTdeba. bolo
ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi ganviTare-
buli religiuri konfliqtis amsaxveli calkeuli
faqtebi araerTgzis qceula mediisa da sazogadoebis
gansjis sagnad. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis 2013-
2014 wlis angariSebis1 mixedviT, religiuri Tavisuf-
lebis dacvis mimarTulebiT umTavres Temas religiuri
niSniT gamovlenili Seuwynareblobisa da Zaladobis
faqtebi warmoadgenda.
ganviTarebuli movlenebis fonze aqtualizdeba sa-
kiTxi, Tu rogor aSuqebs Tanamedrove qarTuli media
religiur Tematikas.
kvlevis mizania, gamovavlinoT onlainmediaSi re-
ligiuri Temebis gaSuqebis sadReisod arsebuli tenden-
ciebi. SeviswavloT, ramdenadaa daculi am Temis gaSu-
qebisas profesiuli standarti da eTikuri normebi.
1saxalxo damcvelis angariSi 2014, saqarTveloSi adamianis ufle-

baTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb:
<http://www.ombudsman.ge/uploads/other/2/2439.pdf> [05.05.2015]. aseve
saxalxo damcvelis angariSi 2013, saqarTveloSi adamianis ufleba-
Ta da TavisuflebaTa dacvis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb:
<http://www.ombudsman.ge/uploads/other/1/1563.pdf> [05.05.2015].
59
kvlevis hipoTeza: Tanamedrove qarTul onlainmediaSi
religiuri sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas vxvdebiT profesiuli
standartisa da eTikis normebis darRvevis faqtebs, on-
lainmedia movlenurad interesdeba aRniSnuli TemiT.
1. profesiuli standarti da eTikis normebi

religiuri problematikis gaSuqebisas
bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi religiuri

sakiTxebis gaSuqebis Sesaxeb gamoqveynebuli araerTi
kvlevis angariSi gvarwmunebs, rom qarTuli mediis
problemaTa Sorisaa religiuri problematikis araswo-
rad gaSuqebis sakiTxi. imdenad, ramdenadac, mniSvnelo-
vania mediis roli cnobierebis amaRlebisa da sazoga-
doebaSi swori Rirebulebebis damkvidrebis saqmeSi,
Jurnalisturi saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas daculi
unda iyos fundamenturi profesiuli standarti: ba-
lansi, obieqturoba, miukerZoebloba, adamianis ufle-
bebis pativiscema.
ra saxis eTikur principebsa da profesiul
standartebzea saubari, roca media religiur sakiTxebs
aSuqebs? saqarTvelos Jurnalisturi eTikis qartiis2
preambulis me-7 punqti pirdapir exmianeba adamianis
uflebebis upirobo dacvis ideas, rom Jurnalistis
mxridan dauSvebelia nebismieri saxis diskriminacia.
2 saqarTvelos Jurnalisturi eTikis qartia:

<http://qartia.org.ge/?page_id=1371> [31.08.2015].
60
rogorc msoflioSi arsebuli mediaeTikis kodeq-
sebSia gansazRvruli Jurnalisturi eTika pirdapir kav-
SirSia adamianis fundamentur uflebebTan: „Jurnalis-
tis profesiuli eTika gulisxmobs adamianis iseTi Ri-
rebulebebis pativiscemas, rogorebicaa: adamianis ufle-
bebi, demokratia, mSvidoba da saerTaSoriso urTier-
Tgageba“.
aRsaniSnavia evropis qveynebSi arsebuli mediaeTi-
kis kodeqsebi3, sadac calke muxli eTmoba religiuri
Temebis gaSuqebas:
• Jurnalistma Tavisi saqmianobiT xeli ar unda
Seuwyos konfliqtebis gaRvivebas rasobrivi,
eTnikuri, religiuri Tu klasobrivi gansxvave-
bebis safuZvelze _ bulgareTi;
• iseTi teqstisa da fotos gamoqveyneba, romlis
forma an Sinaarsi Rrmad Seuracxyofs ama Tu
im jgufis zneobriv da religiur grZnobebs,
SeuTavsebelia presis pasuxismgeblobasTan _
germania;
• religiuri Sexedulebebi, institutebi, erTa
wes-Cveulebebi, xalxi da rasebi, iseve rogorc
moqalaqeTa piradi da ojaxuri cxovreba dacu-
li da xelSeuxebelia _ saberZneTi;
• SexedulebaTa mravalferovnebis pativiscema gu-
lisxmobs, Jurnalistis mier, rac SeiZleba me-
3 Jurnalisturi eTika da TviTregulirebis meqanizmebi, broSura

gamocemulia evrosabWosa da evrokomisiis erToblivi proeqtis
farglebSi, Tavisuflebis instituti, Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 24-25.
61
ti miukerZoebeli piris Tvalsazrisis warmod-
genas. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rodesac
sainformacio saSualebiT operatiuli, bundo-
vani an winaaRmdegobrivi sakiTxi Suqdeba _
litva;
• TiToeuli adamianis Rirseba da reputacia da-
culi unda iyos. kanis feri, erovneba, warmo-
mavloba, religiuri da politikuri mrwamsi,
sqesi da sxva pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi ar un-
da gamoqveyndes, Tu isini ar ukavSirdeba moce-
mul sakiTxs an damamcirebeli formiTaa moyva-
nili _ fineTi.
religiuri sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas, saerTaSorisod
aRiarebuli profesiuli standartebis4 mixedviT, mniS-
vnelovania, Jurnalisti daukvirdes, rogori eniT aR-
wers sxva religiur jgufebs, zogierTi sityva SesaZ-
loa Jurnalistma Seuracxmyofelad arc ki miiCnios,
magram jgufis wevrebi, romelTa Sesaxebac mzaddeba ma-
sala, ase ar miiCnevdnen. aucilebelia, masalis gamoq-
veynebamde yoveli sityva dakvirvebiT gadamowmdes. yo-
velTvis arsebobs riski imisa, rom masala sxva religi-
is mimdevarTa stereotipebis ubralo gameoreba ar ga-
movides. stereotipebis Seqmna Jurnalistis mxridan da-
uSvebelia. xSir SemTxvevaSi, religiur sakiTxebze
muSaobisas Jurnalists wyarod mohyavs sasuliero pi-
rebi, romelTa argumentebic biblias, yurans an sxva
4 taleri d. mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo, mediis

mravalferovnebis instituti, londoni, 2004, gv 64-65.
62
wminda teqsts eyrdnoba. saxelmZRvanelo principebis
mixedviT, sasurvelia Jurnalisti moeridos mxolod
amgvari argumentaciis gamoyenebas.
aucilebelia religiuri sakiTxebi Jurnalistma
ganixilos socialuri, politikuri da ekonomikuri
ganviTarebisa Tu mimarTulebebis konteqstSi, es Jur-
nalisturi teqstis momzadebis winapirobaa. xSirad re-
ligiur Temaze momzadebuli masalebi sxvadasxva reli-
giuri dResaswaulis gaSuqebiT Semoifargleba, mediam
Tanabari yuradReba unda dauTmos sxva rwmenis xalxis
tradiciul dResaswaulebs.
amdenad, religiuri sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas ZiriTa-
di principi isaa, rom Jurnalisti gaTavisufldes yo-
velgvari stereotipebisgan, winaswari ganwyobebisgan,
sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis adamians erTnairad miudges,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mkiTxvelisTvis advili amosac-
nobia avtoris damokidebuleba, rac aris kidec usafuZ-
vlo stereotipebis Seqmnis mizezi.
saintereso masalas gvTavazobs bolo periodSi sa-
qarTveloSi Catarebuli media monitoringebis5 Sedege-
bi, romlebic religiuri sakiTxebis gaSuqebas ikvlev-
dnen. kvlevis ZiriTadi mignebebi6 cxadyofs, rom medi-
5 eTnikuri, religiuri da seqsualuri umciresobebis gaSuqeba pre-

saSi, 2011: <http://ge.boell.org/sites/default/files/downloads/Media_
Monitoring_Report_III.pdf > [31.08.2015].
6 qarTulenovan media saSualebebSi eTnikuri da religiuri umcire-
sobebis sakiTxebis gaSuqebis monitoringi: <http://mdfgeorgia.ge

/?menuid=57&lang=1> [19.03.2015]. religiis kanonis gaSuqeba mediaSi,
2011: <http://www.mdfgeorgia.ge/index.php?menuid=4&lang=1&id=55>
[19.03.2015].
63
aSi xSirad gvxvdeba religiuri niSniT diskriminaciis,
stereotipebisa da winaswarganwyobebis Seqmnis magali-
Tebi, darRveulia samarTlianobis da miukerZoeblobis
principi.
Temis Taviseburebidan gamomdinare, aqtualuria aR-
niSnuli sakiTxis kvleva Semdegi mimarTulebiT:
• aSuqebs Tu ara Tanamedrove onlainmedia Tan-

mimdevrulad da kvalificiurad religiur Te-
mebs adamianis fundamenturi uflebebis kon-
teqstSi;
• icavs Tu ara igi publikaciebSi, religiis Te-
mebze, profesiuli standartis moTxovnebsa da
eTikis normebs;
• ramdenad informaciul masalas sTavazobs media
mkiTxvels, uzrunvelyofs Tu ara igi maT in-
formirebulobas.
2. religiuri problematikis gaSuqeba _ qarTuli

onlainmediis analizi
gasuli wlis bolo ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi

qveyanaSi ori SemTxveva dafiqsirda, rodesac saqarTve-
los sxvadasxva regionSi adgilobriv muslim da mar-
Tlmadidebel mrevls Soris religiur niadagze dapi-
rispireba moxda.
2014 wlis seqtemberSi qobuleTSi mcxovrebma
moqalaqeebma, romlebic Tavs marTlmadidebel mrevls
miakuTvnebdnen, muslimTa pansionatis gaxsna gaaprotes-
64
tes. Sekrebilebma Senobis SesasvlelTan dakles Rori
da misi Tavi karze dakides. rogorc pansionatis mus-
limi TanamSromlebi ambobdnen gaxsnis SemTxvevaSi adgi-
lobrivi qristianebi maT „sisxlis daRvriT“ emuqre-
bodnen. isini marTlmadidebeli mrevlis mxridan sit-
yvier Seuracxyofisa da muqaris SemTxvevebzec saubrob-
dnen.
meore SemTxveva 2014 wlis oqtomberSi adigenis
municipalitetis sofel moxeSi moxda. adgilobrivma
TviTmmarTvelobam Senobis demontaJi daiwyo, romelSic
adgilobrivi muslimebis gancxadebiT Tavdapirvelad me-
CeTi iyo ganTavsebuli, romelic sabWoTa kavSiris peri-
odSi klubad gadaakeTes, misi daSlis Semdgom ki Seno-
ba mitovebuli iyo. adgilobrivma gamgeobam gadawyvita,
rom masSi biblioTeka gaexsna, rasac adgilobrivi mus-
limebis protesti mohyva. adgilobrivi marTlmadidebe-
li mosaxleoba ki meCeTis aRdgenis winaaRmdegi iyo. sa-
marTaldamcvelebsa da adgilobriv muslimebs Soris
fizikuri dapirispirebac moxda, daakaves 14 adamiani.
aRniSnuli movlenebidan gamomdinare, sakvlev peri-
odad SevarCieT 2014 wlis seqtemberi-dekemberi, ramac
SesaZlebloba mogvca davkvirvebodiT erTi mxriv ro-
gor gaaSuqa mediam uSualod konfliqturi situacia,
ra saxis masalebi gaavrcela momxdaris Sesaxeb, ramde-
nad iyo gamoqveynebul masalebSi daculi eTikisa da
profesiuli standartis normebi. meore mxriv, momdevno
ori Tvis (noemberi, dekemberi) ganmavlobaSi religiuri
Tematikis Sesaxeb gamoqveynebuli masalebis analizma sa-
Sualeba mogvca, dagvedgina, ramdenad aisaxeba konfliq-
65
turi situacia masalaTa raodenobaze, media movlenu-
rad interesdeba aRniSnuli sakiTxiT, roca uSualod
konfliqti xdeba, Tu mudmivad iCens interess religiu-
ri Tematikis mimarT.
sakvlev masalad SevarCieT onlainmediis sami gamo-
cema: `tabula.ge~, `geworld.ge~ da `netgazeti.ge~. aRniSnu-
li onlaingamocemebi aqtiurad aSuqeben religiur sa-
kiTxebs. samive maTgans erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli sa-
redaqcio politika aqvs, rac saintereso analizis sa-
Sualebas mogvcems, Tu ramdenad mravalferovnad da ra
aqcentebiT Suqdeba religiuri Tematika qarTul onla-
inmediaSi.
kvlevis meTodis kontent-analizis gamoyenebiT
winaswarSerCeuli kriteriumebis mixedviT (raodenobri-
vi da Tvisebrivi kategoriebis mixedviT) gavaanalizeT
moZiebuli masalebi. gamovavlineT publikaciaTa raode-
noba da sixSire, droisa da gamocemaTa mixedviT. Tvi-
sebrivi kategoriebis mixedviT ki davadgineT, ramdenad
mravalferovania Janrulad media, roca religiur Tema-
tikas aSuqebs. ramdenad icavs publikaciebSi wyaroTa
balanss. aSuqebs Tu ara aRniSnul Temas profesiuli
standartisa da eTikis normebis dacviT.
sakvlev periodSi religiur Tematikaze mokvleu-
lia sul 93 publikacia. amaTgan 82 niusi, 5 blogi, 4
interviu, 2 statia.
moZiebuli masalebi ganvixiloT, rogorc raode-
nobrivi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT, ise Tvisebrivi kate-
goriebis mixedviT:
66
Janri _ am kriteriumis mixedviT moZiebuli masa-
lebi davaxarisxeT Janrobrivad: statia, niusi, inter-
viu, blogi. ramac, mogvca SesaZlebloba dagvedgina,
ramdenad mravalferovania media asaxvis formaTa
TvalsazrisiT, sTavazobs Tu ara igi mkiTxvels, ro-
gorc movlenur, axal ambebs, ise vrcel, analizur ma-
salebs. moZiebuli publikaciebi gamocemebis mixedviT
Janrobrivad Semdegnairad gadanawilda:
`tabula.ge~ _ sul 69 masala, amaTgan 64 niusi, 4

blogi, 1 interviu.
`netgazeti.ge~ _ sul 21 masala, amaTgan 18 niusi, 2
statia, 1 blogi.
`geworld.ge~ _ sul 3 masala, amaTgan samive in-
terviu.
Tveebis mixedviT yvelaze meti masala daibeWda oq-
tomberSi _ 35, seqtemberi _ 26, noemberi _ 17, dekem-
beri _ 17. aRniSnuli monacemebi mianiSnebs, rom reli-
giuri sakiTxebi movlenurad Suqdeba mediaSi. seqtem-
bersa da oqtomberSi, roca qobuleTisa da moxes Sem-
Txvevebi moxda, media aqtiurad aSuqebda momxdars, Se-
sabamisad yvelaze meti masala, swored am periodSi ga-
moqveynda.
yvelaze xSirad mediam sakvlev periodSi gamoqvey-
nebul masalebSi yuradReba dauTmo iseT sakiTxebs, ro-
goricaa:
• religiuri Seuwynareblobisa da diskriminaciis
faqtebi;
• umciresobebis uflebebis dacva;
67
• skolebSi bavSvebis indoqtrinacia;
• religiuri dResaswaulebi;
• religiuri konfesiebis dafinansebis sakiTxi;
• sapatriarqos skola-pansionebis sakiTxi;
ganxilulma onlaingamocemebma qveyanaSi ganviTare-
buli movlenebis gamo yuradReba swored qobuleTsa da
moxeSi momxdar faqtebze gaamaxviles. momxdari gaSuqe-
buli iyo, rogorc religiuri Seuwynareblobisa da re-
ligiuri niSniT diskriminaciis SemTxvevebi, riTac dair-
Rva adamianis fundamenturi uflebebi. aRniSnul Temas
gamoqveynebul masalaTa umetesoba daeTmo `netgazeti.ge-
sa~ da `tabula.ge-ze~. movlenebi ZiriTadad gaSuqebuli
iyo mokle niusebis saxiT, romlebSic aRwerili iyo
faqtebi, aseve am faqtebis Sefaseba marTlmadidebeli Tu
sxva aRmsareblobis sasuliero pirebis mier, politiko-
sebisa da adamianis uflebebis sakiTxebze momuSave ara-
samTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebis mier. masa-
lebi profesiuli standartisa da eTikis normebis dac-
viT iyo mowodebuli. vinaidan masalaTa umetesoba niuse-
bi iyo, informaciac SedarebiT mwiri da nakleb anali-
zuri iyo. rac Seexeba `geworld.ge-s~, aRniSnulma gamo-
cemam arcerTi masala ar dauTmo qobuleTsa da moxeSi
ganviTarebul movlenebs. sami interviu, romelic gamoce-
mam sakvlev periodSi gamoaqveyna sasuliero pirebTan in-
terviuebi iyo. masalebSi gamovlinda profesiuli stan-
dartisa da eTikis normebis darRvevis faqtebi, siZulvi-
lis ena da Seuracxmyofeli gamonaTqvamebi.
wyaroebi _ vin iyvnen wyaroebi, rogori iyo maTi
pozicionireba. amgvarma gaanalizebam saSualeba mogvca
68
Segvefasebina, ramdenad icavda Jurnalisti momzadebul
masalebSi wyaroTa balanss, kerZod, gamoxatavdnen Tu
ara momxdaris Sesaxeb Jurnalistis mier SerCeuli
wyaroebi sxvadasxva pozicias. gamoqveynebul masalebSi
wyaroebad ZiriTadad gamoyenebuli iyo:
• sapatriarqo _ marTlmadidebeli sasuliero
pirebi;
• sxva aRmsareblobis sasuliero pirebi;
• religiis saagento;
• arasamTavrobo organizaciebis gancxadebebi;
• kvlevebi/angariSebi religiis Temaze;
• saxalxo damcveli;
statiebSi wyaroebad SerCeulebi iyvnen aramarto
marTlmadidebeli, aramed sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis sa-
suliero pirebi. radgan mravalkonfesiur qveyanaSi
vcxovrobT, aucilebelia Jurnalistebma gaiTvaliswinon
is faqti, rom qveyanaSi marTlmadidebel qristianTa
gverdiT cxovroben sxva religiis warmomadgenlebi,
romlebsac informaciis miRebasa da wvdomaze iseTive
uflebebi aqvT, rogorc danarCen moqalaqebs. amitom re-
ligiuri Temis gaSuqebisas `tabula.ge-sa~ da
`netgazeti.ge-ze~ gamoqveynebul masalebSi pozitiurad
SegviZlia miviCnioT wyaroTa mravalferovneba, rogorc
marTlmadidebeli, ise sxva aRmsareblobis sasuliero
pirebis Sefasebebi. garda amisa, `tabula.ge-ze” gamoqvey-
nda niusebi, rogorc marTlmadidebluri dResaswaule-
bis Sesaxeb, ise sxva religiis dResaswaulebis Sesaxeb.
ufro metic, blogebSi (avtori: malxaz sonRulaSvili)
gvTavazobda mokle istoriul mimoxilvebs ama Tu im
69
dResaswaulis Sesaxeb. rac ufro mravalferovans da
sainteresos xdida masalebs.
toni _ gamovyaviT tonis sami saxe: pozitiuri,
negatiuri da neitraluri. pozitiurad fasdeba, rode-
sac masalaSi Warbobs iseTi pozitiuri elementebi,
rogoricaa adamianis uflebebis dacva, dadebiTi poli-
tikuri gamoxmaureba, kmayofili adamianebi. negatiurad
fasdeba, rodesac masalaSi uaryofiTi damokidebule-
ba Cans raime faqtis an respondentis mimarT, gvxvdeba
adamianis uflebebis darRvevis faqtebi, uaryofiTi po-
litikuri gamoxmaureba, ukmayofilo adamianebi. neitra-
lurad SevafaseT masalebi, romlebSic ar Cans mkveT-
rad gamoxatuli pozitiuri da negatiuri elementebi.
mediateqstebi, ZiriTadad, neitralurad Sefasda,
risi ganmapirobebeli faqtori isic iyo, rom moZiebul
publikaciebSi niusebi Warbobda. ar igrZnoboda rome-
lime mxaris an subieqtis mimarT dadebiTi Tu negatiuri
gaSuqebis tendencia. ar gvxvdeboda kritikuli masale-
bi, umTavresad movlenebis Tanmimdevruli Sefaseba Can-
da, vidre raime problemis win wamowevis mcdeloba. xSi-
ri iyo masalebi, romlebic religiur Temaze kvlevebisa
da angariSebis Sesaxeb awvdida mkiTxvels informacias.
Tavad kvlevebi, bevr problemur sakiTxs moicavda, mag-
ram moZiebul masalebSi ar yofila am problemebis win
wamowevis mcdeloba, isini gamoqveynebuli iyo, rogorc
kvlevis Sedegebis mimoxilvis nawili an arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis mier gavrcelebuli gancxadebebis nawili
da ara, rogorc Jurnalisturi teqsti.
70
profesiuli standarti/eTika _ profesiuli stan-
dartisa da eTikis normebis darRveva ikveTeboda
`geworld.ge-is~ vebgverdze gamoqveynebul interviuebSi.
maTi analizisas Segvxvda siZulvilis ena da Seurac-
xmyofeli gamonaTqvemebi. magaliTad, interviu: „mama
giorgi (razmaZe): Tu gvinda RvTis uaryofa da uflis
gmoba,- evrointegracia amas gardauvals xdis.“7 masa-
laSi ieRovas mowmeebi Seuracxmyofeli, diskriminaciu-
li terminebiTaa moxseniebuli. masala evropis adamianis
uflebaTa sasamarTlos ganCinebas exeba, romlis mixed-
viTac saqarTvelos mTavrobas ieRovas mowmeebis mimarT
„Cadenili sisastikisaTvis“ kompensacia unda gadauxa-
dos. aRniSnul masalaSi aseve Segvxvda magaliTebi, ro-
ca ar moxda faqtisa da komentaris erTmaneTisagan ga-
mijvna, roca Jurnalisti statiis lidSive sakuTar po-
zicias daufaravad gamoxatavs da ar erideba siZulvi-
lis enisa da Seuracxmyofeli terminebis gamoyenebas,-
„mokled, moveswariT, rom ieRovas seqta, romelic si-
namdvileSi jorj sorosis damqaSTa sabudaria da pir-
dapir asocirdeba `mecocxe nacionalebis~ xrovasTan,
qarTul saxelmwifos saerTaSoriso asparezze aCoqebs.
ra safrTxes warmoadgens es seqta saqarTvelosTvis, ra
interesebs emsaxurebian ieRovas mowmeebi da hyavT Tu
ara maT mfarvelebi dRevandel xelisuflebaSi?“
aseTive magaliTs vxvdebiT kidev erT interviuSi,
saxelwodebiT: „mama basili (mkalaviSvili): sinodis
7<http://geworld.ge/View.php?ArtId=6243&lang=ge&Title=mama+giorgi+
%28razmaZe%29%3A+Tu+gvinda+RvTis+uaryofa+da+uflis+gmoba%2C+
_+evrointegracia+amas+gardauvals+gaxdis> [02.05.2015].
71
krebebs marTvavdnen soso TofuriZe da giga bokeria,
ugulava ki epistoleebs asworebda.“8 interviuSi,
Jurnalisti kiTxvis dasmisas ar erideba sakuTari az-
ris gamoxatvas, „rac Seexeba arasamTavrobo seqtors,
romelic `liberalebis~ mTavari mokavSirea da romel-
sac didi xania, sazogadoebam mexuTe kolonis iarliyi
miakera, maTi aqtiurobis Sedegad xelisuflebam ukve
gadadga ramdenime antisaxelmwifoebrivi nabiji _ mox-
sna moratoriumi sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis ucxoeleb-
ze gasxvisebaze, miiRo antidiskriminaciuli kanoni da
saqarTveloSi moqmedi sxvadasxva religiuri konfesia
iuridiuli statusiT marTlmadideblobas gauTanabra.
visi miTiTebiT moqmedeben es e. w. arasamTavrobo orga-
nizaciebi?“ aRniSnuli uxeSi darRvevaa profesiuli
standartisa, rac Jurnalistisgan faqtisa da komenta-
ris erTmaneTisgan gamijvnas moiTxovs.
samive masalaSi igrZnoba antidasavluri ganwyoba.
rogorc respondentebis, ise Jurnalistis mier dasav-
leTi ganxilulia, rogorc qveynisaTvis damRupveli
propagandis mqadagebeli.
kvlevis mignebebi:
• religiuri sakiTxebis movlenuri gaSuqeba _ ganxi-
luli masalebi sakvlev periodSi asaxavda mimdi-
nare religiur movlenebs. media Tanmimdevrulad
misdevda ganviTarebul ambebs;
8
<http://geworld.ge/View.php?ArtId=6312&lang=ge&Title=mama+basili+
%28mkalaviSvili%29%3A+sinodis+krebebs+marTavdnen+soso+TofuriZe+
da+giga+bokeria%2C+ugulava+ki+epistoleebs+asworebda> [02.05.2015].
72
• religiuri problemebis politizeba _ ganxilul
statiebSi SeimCneva tendencia, rom xSirad reli-
giuri Tema politikur WrilSia warmodgenili. ma-
salis Temac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, imiTaa motivirebu-
li, rom romelime politikurma subieqtma reli-
giur sferoSi momxdari ambavi Seafasa;
• publikaciaTa zedapiruloba _ warmodgenil sak-
vlev periodSi vxvdebiT cota statias, sadac
problemis safuZvliani ganxilva gvxvdeba. Jurna-
listebi ar gvTavazobdnen zogadi religiuri
problemebis analizs;
• masalebis neitraluri toni _ `tabula.ge-sa~ da
`netgazeti.ge-ze~ ganTavsebul masalaTa umetesoba
neitraluri toniT Sefasda. negatiurad Sefasda,
mxolod `geworld.ge-is~ mier momzadebuli masale-
bi, romlebSic gvxvdeboda profesiuli da eTikuri
normebis darRvevis faqtebi, siZulvilis ena, dis-
kriminaciuli gamonaTqvamebi;
• mravalferovani wyaroebi _ ganxilul masalebSi
wyaroebad warmoCenili iyvnen xelisuflebis war-
momadgenlebi, marTlmadidebeli da sxva religiuri
jgufebis sasuliero pirebi, arasamTavrobo orga-
nizaciebi. Tumca, naklebi sivrce daeTmoT ubralo
adamianebs, konfliqtis uSualo monawileebs.
daskvna
amdenad, profesiuli standartebisa da eTikis

normebis mixedviT gaanalizebulma masalebma cxadyo,
73
rom hipoTeza gamarTlda: religiuri sakiTxebis gaSuqe-
bisas qarTul onlainmediaSi gvxvdeba profesiuli
standartisa da eTikis normebis darRvevis SemTxvevebi.
mokvleul masalebSi umetesoba niusia, sadac war-
moCenilia faqtebi da sxvadasxva wyaros mier am faqte-
bis Sefaseba. wyaroebi mravalferovania, marTlmadidebe-
li da sxva aRmsareblobis sasuliero pirebi, politi-
kosebi, arasamTavrobo organizaciis warmomadgenlebi.
Tumca, maTTan SedarebiT naklebi dro eTmoba ubralo
moqalaqeebs, romlebic swored ganxiluli Temebis mTa-
vari moqmedi pirebi arian da romelTa poziciis Cvene-
bac mniSvnelovania.
kvlevis Sedegebma cxadyo, rom onlaingamocemebi
`tabula.ge~ da `netgazeti.ge~ profesiuli standartebisa
da eTikis normebis dacviT aSuqebs religiur Temati-
kas, Tumca umetesad aris movlenuri da momxdar mov-
lenebs Tanmimdevrulad mihyveba. religiuri sakiTxebis
gaSuqebisas Temis iniciatori umeteswilad Tavad ar
aris. onlaingamocema `geworld.ge-is~ mier gamoqveynebu-
li zemoT aRniSnuli masalebi ki Seicavda siZulvilis
enas, diskriminaciul da Seuracxmyofel gamonaTqvamebs.
igrZnoboda Temebis politizeba, antidasavluri ganwyo-
ba. aseve, gamovlinda magaliTebi, rodesac Jurnalistis
mier ar xdeboda faqtisa da komentaris erTmaneTisgan
gamijvna.
rekomendaciebi:
• profesiuli standartebis dacva _ iseve, ro-
gorc nebismieri profesiis adamianisTvis, Jur-
nalistisTvisac umniSvnelovanesia profesiuli
74
standartebis dacva, rac, Tavis mxriv, preven-
ciaa saimisod, rom momzadebuli masala uxaris-
xo da mcdari iyos.
• eTikuri normebis dacva _ Jurnalistis mxri-
dan eTikuri normebis gaTvaliswineba aucilebe-
lia masalebze muSaobisas. profesiuli eTika
warmoadgens im oqros Sualeds, romlis dacvis
SemTxvevaSic JurnalistisaTvis ufro advilde-
ba profesiuli standartebis Sesruleba.
• qveynis kanonmdeblobis dacva _ qveynis konon-
mdeblobisadmi morCileba TiToeuli moqalaqis
valia. kanonmdeblobis normebis cnoba da gaTva-
liswineba yovelTvis daexmareba Jurnalists
masalebSi samarTlebrivi Secdomebisgan Tavis
aridebaSi.
• specializebuli Jurnalistebis arseboba _ sa-
survelia religiis Temaze momuSave Jurnalis-
tebs hqondeT sabaziso codna am Temisa, rac,
Tavis mxriv, gamoricxavs Secdomebs. maT mier
momzadebuli masalebi ki kvalificiuri da san-
do iqneba.
75
Salome Gorgodze – Student (MA) at Tbilisi State University,
Faculty of social and political Sciences (2nd year)
RELIGIOUS ISSUES AND ETHICAL STANDARTS IN

GEORGIAN ONLINE MEDIA
The study aims to show how religious issues and

problems are covered by Georgian online media. Three online
magazines – “Netgazeti.ge”, “geworld.ge” and “tabula.ge“ –
are discussed. The study is based on publications about
religious problems in a four-months period (from September to
December 2014) and aims to reveal current trends in the
coverage of religious issues in Georgian online media. It will
be specifically discussed whether the media is sufficiently
interested in religious problems, and how professional
journalistic standards and ethical aspects are kept in this regard.
A special focus is the role of journalism in delivering religious
issues to the society and whether this role is clearly identified.
Professional standards and ethical norms of publications, as
well as the diversity of the genre, are also highlighted. The
study especially considers the context of two main democratic
values – fundamental Human Rights and Press Freedom.
Methodologically, the study used content-analysis for its
examination of professional standards and ethical norms.
Research findings:
• Less attention to religious issues is paid by the media;
• A politicization of religious issues can be observed;
• Superficial materials are frequently used.
The study showed that Georgian online media pay

insufficient attention to the coverage of religious issues, and
76
that violations of professional standards and ethical norms are
frequently observed.
Accordingly, the recommendations are as follows:
• More attention should be paid to proper coverage of
religious issues;
• Professional standards have to be observed by the
journalists;
• Ethical standards have to be observed within journalistic
texts;
• Constitutionally guaranteed rights, such as the respect of
fundamental Human Rights, have to be observed in
journalistic activity.
77
nata ZveliSvili
ivane javaxiSvilis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis socialur da politikur
mecnierebaTa fakultetis maskomunikaciisa
da mediis kvlevebis magistri
eTikuri problemebi qarTul

onlainmediaSi socialuri qselebis
gamoyenebisas
Sesavali
saqarTveloSi TviTregulirebis pirveli dokumen-

ti, romelic Seiqmna, mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi iyo.
amas imave wels mohyva Jurnalisturi eTikis qartiis
Camoyalibeba. swored amis Semdeg iwyeba qveyanaSi TviT-
regulirebis meqanizmis ganviTareba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom rogorc kodeqsi, ise qartia
araerT saxelmZRvanelo princips adgens, onlainmediaSi
teqnologiebis ganviTarebasTan erTad axali eTikuri
problemebi Cndeba, romelic jerjerobiT mouwesrigebe-
lia. magaliTad, TviTregulirebis zemoT aRniSnuli
arc erTi meqanizmi specialur ganmartebebs ar akeTebs
unda gavrceldes Tu ara saredaqcio pasuxismgebloba
siZulvilis enis Semcvel komentarebze, rac umcire-
sobebis Tematikis gaSuqebisas gansakuTrebiT problemu-
ri xdeba xolme. aseve ar arsebobs calsaxa regulacia
78
aris Tu ara eTikis darRveva, rodesac Jurnalisti ama
Tu im piris mier socialur qselSi gamoqveynebul
posts nebarTvis gareSe Jurnalistur masalaSi iyenebs.
saqarTveloSi erTgvar tendenciad iqca rogorc saja-
ro, ise kerZo pirebis mier Facebook-Si gamoTqmuli mo-
sazrebebis axal ambad qceva. gamocemebi eWqveS ar ayene-
ben angariSebis namdvilobas. piradi cxovrebis xelSeu-
xeblobis Tu sizustis dacvis standartebi xSirad
swored amgvar masalebSi irRveva.
aseve ar arsebobs calsaxa pasuxi kiTxvaze, dgeba
Tu ara mediasaSualebis miukerZoebloba eWvqveS, ro-
desac Jurnalisti sakuTar Sefasebebs akeTebs im Tema-
ze, razec muSaobs, eqmneba Tu ara safrTxe amgvari qce-
viT gamocemis sandoobas.
calsaxa midgoma am sakiTxebisadmi arc sxva qvey-
nebSi arsebobs. Tumca, araerTi SemTxvevaa, rogorc sa-
qarTveloSi, ise msoflio mediaSi, rodesac Jurnalis-
ti swored socialur qselSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebis
gamo gaaTavisufles, vinaidan redaqciam CaTvala, rom
amgvari gamoxatviT, gamocemis miukerZoeblobis stan-
darti dairRva.1
am safuZvliT dasaqmebulis sanqcireba gamoxatvis
Tavisuflebis SezRudvaa Tu damsaqmeblis reputaciis
dacva, sad gadis zRvari kompaniis mflobelebis intere-
sebsa da sityvis Tavisuflebas Soris? - am sakiTxebzec
calsaxa pasuxi ar arsebobs.
1
The Guardian, Octavia Nasr fired by CNN over tweet praising late
ayatollah <http://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/jul/08/octavia-nasr-
cnn-tweet-fired>, 2010 [14.02. 2015].
79
samecniero wreebSi amgvari sakiTxebi eTikur
WrilSi naklebad aris gamokvleuli. aqcenti ZiriTadad
socialur qselze, rogorc axal da mniSvnelovan wya-
roze keTdeba da kvlevebis fokusic xSrad swored es
aris.
dRes ukve, ambebi JurnalistTan FFacebook-is da
Twitter-is saSualebiT xvdeba. is, rac reportioris mi-
er aris xelmowerili, ukve arsebobs socialuri mediis
samyaroSi. Jurnalists isRa darCenia gadaarCios da
gansxvavebuli kuTxiT gaanalizebuli informacia SesTa-
vazos auditorias.2 Tumca, teqnologiurma ganviTarebam
JurnalistebisTvis wyaroebis wvdomis gamartivebasTan
erTad gadamowmebis problema gaaZliera, amitomac so-
cialur qselSi gamoqveynebuli informacia ormagad un-
da gadamowmdes gamoqveynebamde3 am mosazrebas iziarebs
menCeric,4 rodesac ambobs, rom socialur qselebSi
gavrcelebul informacias gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT
gadamowmeba sWirdeba, vinaidan xSirad blogebze infor-
macia mcdaria, Facebook-is gverdebi SeiZleba yalbi
iyos da Youtube-ma Jurnalistebs dro daakargvinos.
2
Alejandro J. Journalism in the Age of Social Media, Reuters Institute
Fellowship Paper, University of Oxford,UK. 2010, <https://reutersinstitute.
politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Journalism%20in%20the%20Age%20of
%20Social%20Media.pdf>. [28.01. 2015].
3
White E. L., New Media in the Newsroom: A Survey of Local Journalists
and Their Managers on the use of Social Media as Reporting Tools, momza-
debulia magistris xarisxis mosapoveblad, CrdiloeT karolinas
universiteti, Capel hili, aSS, 2012, 46.
4
menCeri m. axali ambebis gaSuqeba da wera, l. gvelesianis Targma-
ni, ana WabaSvilis redaqtorobiT Tbilisi, 2013, gamomcemloba
„diogene“.
80
yvelaze mniSvnelovani dilema swored maSin Semo-
dis, rodesac Jurnalists socialur mediaSi gavrcele-
buli informaciis daxarisxeba uwevs da wyvets, ro-
mels endos. meores mxriv, personebs ufro advilad en-
doba xalxi da informaciasac ufro advilad awvdis
socialuri qselis meSveobiT.5
politikuri axali ambebis Jurnalistebis mier so-
cialuri mediis gamoyeneba norvegiaSi rogstadma Seis-
wavla.6 misi daskvniT, sxva media saSualebebis Jurna-
listebTan SedarebiT socialur qselebs ufro metad
onlainmediis reportiorebi iyeneben. mkvlevari aRniS-
navs, rom politikis axali ambebis Jurnalistebis didi
nawili ar afiqsirebs sakuTar mosazrebas politikur
ambebze socialur qselebSi da mas ufro metad piradi
urTierTobebisa da garTobis saSualebad ganixilaven.
im Temebze mosazrebebis gamoTqmas, romelzec Jur-
nalisti muSaobs, eTikur WrilSi ganixilavs podje-
ric,7 romelic ambobs, rom Jurnalistebs urCevniaT
socialur qselSi calke hqondeT piradi da calke
profesiuli gverdebi.
5
Newman N. Mainstream media and the Distribution of News in the Age of
Social Discovery. (Tech Rep). Oxford, UK: Reuters Institute for the Study
of Journalism, 2011, 48.
6
Rogstad I. D. Political News Journalists in Social Media, Journalism
Practice, Vol. 8, Iss. 6, Cardiff School of Journalism, Media & Culture,
UK. 2014. 12-14.
7
Podger, P. J. The Limits of Control. American Journalism Review. USA,
Philip Merrill College of Journalism at the University of Maryland. 2009.
<http://ajrarchive.org/article_printable.asp?id=4816> [15.03, 2015].
81
swored eTikur WrilSi ganixileba sakiTxi Tu vi-
si pasuxismgeblobaa internetSi gamoqveynebuli masalis
qvemoT momxmareblebis mier datovebuli siZulvilis
enis Semcveli komentarebi. saredaqcio zedamxedvelobi-
dan user-generated content-ze (momxmareblis mier generi-
rebuli Sinaarsi) gadasvlam korporaciuli socialuri
pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi wamowia win da axali gamow-
vevebi dadga sityvis Tavisuflebis kuTxiT8 vin aris
pasuxismgebeli siZulvilis enis Semcveli Tu Seurac-
xmyofeli komentarebis dros, redaqcia Tu Tavad komen-
taris avtori _ calsaxa pasuxi ar arsebobs. Tumca
lanpere9 SeniSnavs, rom siZulvilis enis Semcveli ko-
mentarebi gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis dacviT ar sargeb-
loben da Sesabamisad misi waSla sityvis Tavisuflebis
SezRudvad ar miiCneva.
zemoT aRniSnuli eTikuri dilemebisa da gamowve-
vebis gaTvaliswinebiT, winamdebare kvlevis mizania gaa-
nalizdes dgeba Tu ara miukerZoeblobis standarti eW-
vqveS, rodesac Jurnalisti socialur qselSi im sakiT-
xze akeTebs mosazrebas, razec muSaobs, amasTan, Sefas-
des, ramdenad samarTliania samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba
amgvari gamoxatvis gamo. agreTve, gamoikvlios irRveva
Tu ara raime eTikuri standarti im SemTxvevaSi, rode-
sac Jurnalisti nebarTvis gareSe iRebs socialur
qselSi gamoqveynebul romelime posts da mas Jurna-
8
Möller Ch., New forms of journalism . The Online Media Self-Regulation
Guidebook, Vienna, Austria. 2013. 8-25.
9
Laanpere L. Online Hate Speech: Hate or Crime?
<http://files.elsa.org/AA/Online_Hate_Speech_Essay_Competition_runner_
up.pdf,> , 2013, [3. 05.2015].
82
listur produqtSi iyenebs. kvlevis kidev erTi miza-
nia, aCvenos iReben Tu ara qarTuli onlaingamocemebi
pasuxismgeblobas mkiTxvelis mier datovebul siZulvi-
lis enis Semcvel komentarebze.
kvlevis hipoTeza Semdegnairad Camoyalibda:
1 Jurnalistebis mier socialur qselSi samuSao
Temaze sakuTari mosazrebebis dafiqsirebiT eTikuri
standarti irRveva.
2 socialur qselSi gamoqveynebuli statusis
Jurnalistur masalaSi gamoyeneba eTikuri standartis
darRveva ar aris.
3 siZulvilis enis Semcvel komentarebze qarTuli
onlaingamocemebi saredaqcio pasuxismgeblobas ar iRe-
ben da ar Slian mas.
1. kvlevis meTodologia
kvlevis meTodologiad SeirCa siRrmiseuli inter-

viu. kvlevaSi monawileoba miiRes eqvsi onlaingamocemis
redaqtorebma, maT Soris: maia mecxvariSvili
(netgazeti.ge), zura vardiaSvili (liberali.ge), daviT
CixlaZe (tavisupleba.org), lela SerazadiSvili
(droni.ge) da inga bajeliZe (news.ge). TiToeuli maTga-
ni sazogadeobriv politikuri kontentis, gavlenisa da
reitingis mixedviT SeirCa. redaqtorebi gamoikiTxnen
2015 wlis 20-30 martis periodSi.
kvlevisas aseve gamoikiTxnen eqspertebi - Tamar
ruxaZe („Jurnalisturi eTikis qartiis“ aRmasrulebeli
direqtori), uCa seTuri („informaciis Tavisuflebis
83
ganviTarebis institutis“ mediis mimarTulebis xel-
mZRvaneli), naTia kupraSvili („regionul mauwyebelTa
asociaciis“ aRmasrulebeli direqtori), daviT kldiaS-
vili („Jurnalisturi eTikis qartiis“ sabWos mdivani,
iuristi), naTia kapanaZe („axalgazrda iuristTa asoci-
aciis“ gamgeobis wevri), ana qeSelaSvili („sazogadoeb-
riv saqmeTa institutis“ profesori), Tamar kinwuraS-
vili („mediis ganviTarebis fondis“ gamgeobis Tavmjdo-
mare).
eqspertebi warmoadgenen im organizaciebs, romle-
bic mediis mimarTulebiT muSaoben. garda amisa, kvleva-
Si monawile pirebi Tavad ikvleven maT Soris media
eTikis sakiTxebs, amasTan ar warmoadgendnen arc erT
mediasaSualebas. eqspertebTan siRrmiseuli interviuebi
2015 wlis 1-10 martis periodSi Catarda. interviu
respondentebTan pirispir mimdinareobda da yvela kiT-
xva Ria tipis iyo, Sesabamisad repondentebi Tavisu-
falni iyvnen pasuxebis gacemis procesSi.
kvlevisas gamoyenebuli iyo aseve raodenobrivi
kvlevis meTodi - kontent analizi. kvleva 1-31 martis
periodSi mimdinareobda. dakvirveba kvlav zemoT aRniS-
nul eqvs vebgverdze xorcieldeboda. gaanalizda soci-
aluri qselebidan ra ufro xSirad xvdeba onlainmedi-
is mier momzadebul masalebSi teqsti (statusebi), fo-
to Tu video masalebi. amasTan aris Tu ara socialu-
ri qselidan aRebuli informacia pirveladi da erTa-
derTi wyaro, Tu gamocema mas rogorc meorad, damxma-
re wyaros ise iyenebs.
84
2. Sedegebi
kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom monawile mediasa-

Sualebis Jurnalistebi, socialur qselebs aramxolod
Temebis da repondentebis moZiebisTvis iyeneben, aramed
afiqsireben sakuTar mosazrebebs im Temebzec ki, rasac
aSuqeben. iqidan gamomdinare, rom qveyanaSi arsebul
eTikur regulaciebSi am sakiTxze araferia naTqvami,
redaqciebsac ar aqvT erTgvarovani midgoma da socia-
lur qselebSi mosazrebebis dafiqsirebaze SezRudvebs
sxvadasxva formiT uweseben Jurnalistebs an saerTod
ar zRudaven maT gamoxatvas.
kvlevaSi monawile 5 gamocemidan 3 ambobs, rom ar-
sebobs zepiri SeTanxmeba redaqciaSi da mimdinare mov-
lenebze Jurnalistebi ar afiqsireben sakuTar mosazre-
bebs, radgan socialuri qselebi miiCneva sajaro siv-
rced10, Sesabamisad, iq gamoTqmuli mosazreba, rogorc
sajaro Sefaseba, ise aRiqmeba.
kvlevis TiTqmis yvela monawile (12-dan 11) izia-
rebs im azrs, rom Jurnalistis mier socialur qselSi
mosazrebis dafiqsireba im Temaze, razec muSaobs, media-
saSualebis miukerZoeblobas safrTxes uqmnis. mTavari
is aris, rom Jurnalistebi mkiTxvelis mier im gamoce-
masTan asocirdebian, sadac muSaoben, Sesabamisad, rode-
sac isini ama Tu im movlenas afaseben, an romelime
respondentis mimarT sakuTar damokidebulebas gamoxa-
taven, mkiTxvels uCndeba winaswari ganwyoba, rom Jur-
10
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2014 wlis 9 ianvris №as-
1559-1462-2012 ganCineba.
85
nalisti mikerZoebuli iqneba imave Temaze momzadebul
Jurnalistur masalaSi.
socialuri qselebi sajaro sivrcea, amitom iq da-
fiqsirebuli mosazreba im Temebis Sesaxeb, rasac Jurna-
listi aSuqebs, iseve ayenebs rogorc misi, ise mediasa-
Sualebis miukerZoeblobas eWqveS, rogorc es sajaro
sivrceSi gamosvliT moxdeboda.11
socialur qselSi aqtiuroba SesaZloa gaigivdes
iseT aqtivobasTan, rogoricaa sxvdasxva demonstracia-
Si monawileoba, peticiebze xelmowera da aS, rac aseve
dauSveblad miiCneva, swored miukerZoeblobis dacvis
motiviT.
zemoT aRniSnuli garemoebebis gamo, Jurnalistebma
unda icodnen, rom maTi gamoxatvis Tavisufleba sxva
profesiis adamianebisgan gansxvavebiT, garkveulwilad
SezRudulia sajaro sivrceSi, maT Soris socialur
qselebSic.12
Tumca mniSvnelovania isic, Tu ra tipis gamocema-
ze vsaubrobT, rodesac saqme exeba im mediasaSualebas,
romelsac deklarirebuli aqvs garkveuli Zalis an
ideologiis mxardaWera, maSin mkiTxvelisTvis ukve nak-
lebi problemaa am gamocemis Jurnalistis mier dafiq-
sirebuli mosazreba. vinaidan man icis rom mTel redaq-
cias imgvari Sexeduleba aqvs da Tavad wyvets iyos, Tu
ara misi mkiTxveli.13
11
kldiaSvili d., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.
12
seTuri u., personaluri komunikacia, 2015
13
kinwuraSvili T., personaluri komunikacia, 2015
86
kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa mosazreba, rom im Sem-
TxvevaSi, Tu SromiT xelSekrulebaSi ar iqneba gaTva-
liswinebuli maT Soris socialuri mediaSi aqtiurobis
farglebi, damsaqmebels saSualeba eqneba sakuTari sur-
vilisamebr, nebismier dros gaaTavisuflos Jurnalisti.
safuZvlad ki socialur qselSi gamoTqmuli mosazreba
daasaxelos, ramac misi azriT, gamocemis miukerZoeblo-
ba eWvqveS daayena. amitomac manipulaciis gamosaricxad,
mniSvnelovania, rom media organizaciebma SeimuSaon
socialuri mediis politika, sadac gansazRvaven Tanam-
SromelTa moqmedebis farglebs.
imisaTvis, rom gvenaxa, Tu rogor iyeneben onlainga-
mocmebi socialur qselebs sakuTar masalebSi. kvlevaSi
monawile xuTi vebgverdis (netgazeti.ge, liberali.ge,
tavisupleba.org, droni.ge, news.ge). kontent analizi gan-
xorcielda. dakvirveba 1-31 martis periodSi mimdinareob-
da.
kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom saerTo jamSi xu-
Tive vebgverdze axali ambebis rubrikaSi gamoqveynda
4772 masala, saidanac mxolod 345 niusSi (7%) iyo
gamoyenebuli socialuri qseli, rogorc informaciis
wyaro.
amasTan mniSvnelovania, rom socialur qselebs,
rogorc informaciis wyaros, procentulad yvelaze
xSirad iyenebda droni.ge. kvlevis periodSi gamoqveyne-
buli masalebis 14 procenti swored socialuri qse-
lidan aRebul informacias eyrdnoboda. raodenobrivad
yvelaze met, 253 SemTxvevaSi news.ge daeyrdno socia-
87
lur qsels, Tumca droni.ge-sgan gansxvavebiT, saerTo
jamSi gamoqveynebuli masalebis mxolod 9%-s Seadgens.
socialur qselSi gavrcelebul informacias yve-
laze naklebad eyrdnoboda liberali.ge. man sakvlev peri-
odSi axali ambebis rubrikaSi gamoqveynebuli 693 niu-
sidan mxolod 6 masalaSi (0.86%) gamoiyena socialur
qseli, rogorc informaciis wyaro (ix. diagrama 1).
onlaingamocemebi socialuri qselebidan yvelaze

xSirad (87%) Facebook-s iyeneben, Semdeg modis Twitter-
i (5%). mas yvelaze xSirad radio „Tavisufleba“ iye-
nebs saerTaSoriso ambebis momzadebisas. amasTan socia-
luri qseli misTvis umravles SemTxvevaSi informaciis
erT-erTi da ara erTaderTi wyaroa.
News.ge-sa (13%) da droni.ge-s (33%) masalebSi
xSiria SemTxveva, rodesac ar aris dakonkretebuli Tu
romeli socialuri qselidan aiRes informacia (N/M),
88
rac wyaros identificirebis, Sesabamisad, misi sandoo-
bis gansazRvris saSualebas amcirebs. News.ge-s Sem-
TxvevaSi es maCvenebeli 13 procentia, Droni.ge-s masa-
lebSi ki - 33 procenti.
kidev erTi socialuri qselis, Instagram-is gamo-
yeneba mxolod or SemTxvevaSi dafiqsirda. am qselSi
gamoqveynebul informacias news.ge da tavisupleba.org-i
daeyrdnen.
kvlevaSi monawile onlainmediis yvela warmomadge-

neli socialuri qselebidan umetes SemTxvevaSi (80%)
teqstur maslebs (statusebs) iRebs. News.ge da
Droni.ge yvelaze xSirad iyneben socialur qsels, ro-
gorc pirvelad wyaros. maT mier gavrcelebuli infor-
maciebi mxolod socialuri qselidan aRebul komen-
tars an posts eyrdnoba da ar Seicavs raime damatebiT
89
informacias an gadamowmebas. Netgazeti.ge xSirad iyenebs
socialur qselSi aqtualur Temaze gamoqveynebul ko-
mentarebs, raTa aCvenos xalxis damokidebuleba ama Tu
im sakiTxisadmi.
eqspertebi ramdenime mediastandarts asaxeleben,
risi darRvevis riskic matulobs im SemTxvevaSi, rode-
sac informacias socialuri qselidan iRebs:
informaciis sizuste - sxvadasxva qselSi informa-
ciis aRebisas mTavari safrTxe mis sizustesTan dakavSi-
rebiT Cndeba, vinaidan SesaZloa profili ar ekuTvnodes
im adamians, visi saxeliTac vrceldeba, garda amisa, Se-
saZloa misi profiliT werdes sxva pirovneba, an ukve ga-
moqveynebuli posti waiSalos an Caswordes,14 swored
amitom Tanamedrove mediaSi Jurnalistis erT-erTi gamow-
vevaa socialur qselSi gavrcelebuli uamravi informa-
ciidan Rirebulis SerCeva da Semdeg misi gadamowmeba.
rogorc ki socialur qselebSi gavrcelebuli in-
formacia gadadis onlaingamocemis gverdze, is unda eq-
vemdebarebodes gadamowmebis da damuSavebis iseTive
wess, rogorsac eqvemdebareba nebismieri sxva informa-
cia, romelsac es mediasaSualeba aqveynebs.15
faqtisa da komentaris gamijvna - kidev erTi stan-
dartia, romelic SesaZloa ufro metad dairRves im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Jurnalisti socialur qselze
dayrdnobiT avrcelebs masalas. moqalaqeebs, romlebic
amgvar platformebze weren, ar aqvT faqtisa da komen-
taris gamijvnis valdebuleba. Zalian xSirad socialur
14
kupraSvili n., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.
15
ruxaZe T., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.
90
qselSi ganTavsebuli informacia aris ara faqti, ara-
med - mosazreba, romelic miso avtoris rwmeniT, faq-
tia. amitomac socialuri qseliT gavrcelebuli in-
formaciis did raodenobaSi ra aris namdvili da ra
aris sicrue, bevrad ufro rTuli gasarkvevia, vidre im
konkretul mizanmimarTul muSaobaSi, rasac media SeiZ-
leba eweodes.16
piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis darRveva - gan-
sakuTrebiT aqtualuri maSin xdeba, rodesac mediasaSu-
alebebi iseT fotos iReben socialuri qselidan, sadac
ambis gmiri marto ar aris gamosaxuli. miuxedavad
imisa, rom feisbuqi sajaro sivrcea, mediis pasuxismgeb-
lobaa konteqstis Sesabamisad fotos gamoqveyneba. vina-
idan, rodesac adamiani socialur qselSi aqveynebs fo-
tos, komentaris msgavsad, ar fiqrobs, rom is mediis
mier gamoyenebuli iqneba.17
diskriminaciis waxaliseba - socialuri qselidan
aRebuli informaciis Jurnalisturad damuSavebis gare-
Se gavrcelebiT SesaZloa, pirTa garkveuli jgufis
diskriminacia moxdes, radgan piri, romelic komentars,
Tu statuss wers socialur qselSi, SesaZloa, swored
amgvar terminologias iyenebdes (politkoreqtuli
msjelobis valdebuleba mas ar aqvs), onlainmediaSi mi-
si gadmotaniT media xels uwyobs amgvari enis gavrce-
lebas. Jurnalisturi eTikis qartiis Tanaxmad ki Jur-
16
iqve.
17 kinwuraSvili T., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.
91
nalistma diskriminaciuli gamonaTqvamebis tiraJireba
ar unda moaxdinos.18
pressamsaxuris mier gafiltruli informacia - sa-
qarTveloSi saxelmwifo uwyebebisa Tu oficialuri pi-
rebis gverds socialur qselebSi pressamsaxuri akon-
trolebs. swored piar specialisti xdeba responden-
tsa da Jurnalists Soris komunikaciaSi mediumi,19 am-
gvar SemTxvevebSi Jurnalists ar aqvs saSualeba, dama-
tebiTi kiTxvebi dausvas repodents da miiRos is pasu-
xi, rac mas konkretuli masalidan gamomdinare sWirde-
ba.20
„yalbi gmirebi“ - termini pirvelad am kvlevaSi
iqna gamoyenebuli da gulisxmobs SemTxvevas, rodesac
Jurnalistebi respondentebs arCeven socialur qselSi
aqtiurobis mixedviT da azrs ekiTxebian maT, vinc xSi-
rad aqveynebs statusebs, rasac bevri mowoneba da ko-
mentari mohyveba.
socialurma qselebma respondentebis SerCeva gaad-
vila. martivia ganwyobebis danaxva, vis ra pozicia uka-
via. Tumca, socialuri qselis gmirebi yovelTvis ar
arian am Temis eqspertebi, razec mosazrebas gamoTqva-
men. rodesac bevri adamiani iwonebs vinmes statuss, es
ar zrdis maT eqspertobas.21
Jurnalisturi produqtis ararseboba - kvlevaSi
monawile yvela eqsperti miiCnevs, rom socialur qsel-
18
kldiaSvili d., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.
19
seTuri u., personaluri komunikacia, 2015,
20
kupraSvili n., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.
21
ruxaZe T., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.
92
Si gamoqveynebuli statusi calke aRebuli, damatebiTi
wyaros da gadamowmebis gareSe Jurnalisturi produq-
ti ar aris. saqarTveloSi bolo periodSi komentarma
axali ambebis saxe miiRo, rac ver iqneba Jurnalisturi
namuSevari, radgan reportiors mis damuSavebaze ar
umuSavia.22
gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi arsebobs eqspertebsa
da redaqtorebs Soris siZulvilis enis Semcvel komen-
tarebTan dakavSirebiT. Tu redaqtorebi miiCneven, rom
redaqciam pasuxismgebloba ar unda aiRos amgvar gamo-
xatvaze, eqspertebi Tvlian, rom radgan siZulvilis
enis Semcveli komentarebisTvis gamocemis platforma
aris gamoyenebuli, amitom pasuxismgeblobac amave re-
daqcias ekisreba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom kvlevaSi monawile gamocemebidan
komentarebs mxolod radio „Tavisufleba“ akontro-
lebs23 Netgazeti.ge komentarebis datovebis funqcias
zRudavs im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Temis sensitiurobidan ga-
momdinare mosalodnelia siZulvilis enis Semcveli ko-
mentarebis datoveba24 vebgverdebs specifikur Temebze
momzadebul masalebze datovebul komentarebs survi-
lis miuxedavad ver Slis Liberali.ge-ს integrirebuli
aqvs Facebook plagini da komentarebi avtomaturad
gadmodis.25
22
qeSelaSvili a., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.
23
CixlaZe d., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.
24
mecxvariSvili m., personaluri komunikacia, 2015.
25
vardiaSvili z., personaluri komunikacia 2015.
93
miuxedavad imisa, rom siZulvilis enis Semcveli
komentarebisas gamocema uxerxulobas grZnobs, redaq-
torebi maT mainc ar ganixilaven masalis Semadgenel
nawilad. kvlevaSi monawile gamocmebidan Netgazeti.ge
erTaderTi gamocemaa, romelsac calsaxad ar aqvs pozi-
cia Camoyalibebuli am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.
swored pasuxismgeblobis aRebis sakiTxze dafiq-
sirda redaqtorebisa da eqspertebs Soris mTavari az-
rTa sxvadasxvaoba. eqspertebi miiCneven, rom radgan si-
Zulvilis enis Semcveli komentarebisTvis gamocemis
platforma aris gamoyenebuli, amitom pasuxismgeblobac
amave gamocemas ekisreba.
„Tu ar moxdeba komentarisa da Jurnalisturi
teqstis erTian platformad aRqma da ar waiSleba
msgavsi komentarebi, media iqceva brma iaraRad siZulvi-
lis enis Semcveli mosazrebebis gasavrceleblad“26 eq-
spertTa azriT, ufro maRali standarti iqneba, Tu ga-
mocema winaswar gaafrTxilebs mkiTxvels da gaakeTebs
warweras, rom siZulvilis enis Semcveli komentarebi
waiSleba.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu redaqcias ar hyofnis komenta-
rebis kontrolis resursi, sjobs gaTiSos komentaris
datovebis SesaZlebloba im Temaze momzadebuli masa-
lis qveS, rasac didi albaTobiT, SesaZloa, mohyves si-
Zulvilis enis Semcveli mosazrebebis gamoxatva.27
26
kldiaSvili d., piradi komunikacia, 2015.
27
kupraSvili n., piradi komunikacia, 3 marti, 2015.
94
daskvna
kvlevisas dadasturda pirveli hipoTeza - sazoga-

doebriv politikur Temebze Jurnalistebis mier socia-
lur qselSi sakuTari mosazrebebis dafiqsirebiT miu-
kerZoeblobis standarti irRveva. gamocemas Zalian gau-
Wirdeba imis mtkiceba, rom Jurnalisti, romelic so-
cialur qselebSi mudmivad afiqsirebs sakuTar azrs
mimdinare movlenebze, is miukerZoeblad gaaSuqebs imave
ambavs sakuTar Jurnalistur masalaSi. amiT ki organi-
zaciis reputacia da sandooba eWvqveS SeiZleba dadges.
qarTuli onlaingamocemebis redaqtorebi miiCneven,
rom umjobesia, Jurnalistma Tavi Seikavos socialur
qselebSi sakuTari azris dafiqsirebisgan im Temaze, ra-
zec muSaobs. Tumca, ar arsebobs, erTiani standarti am
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.
redaqciaSi socialuri mediis politikis SemuSave-
bis gareSe damsaqmebels manipulaciis saSualeba rCeba,
vinaidan man SesaZloa, samsaxuridan gafrTxilebis gare-
Se gaaTavisuflos Jurnalisti socialur qselSi gamo-
xatvisTvis, ramac damsaqmeblis azriT, gamocemis miu-
kerZoebloba Selaxa.
subieqturi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis gamosaric-
xad, aucilebelia arsebobdes redaqciis mier SemuSave-
buli politika socialur qselebTan dakavSirebiT, ro-
melSic cxadad Caiwereba Tu ra tipis SezRudvebi
uwesdebaT Jurnalistebs. dauSvebelia samsaxuridan ga-
Tavisufleba winaswari gafrTxilebis gareSe. Tumca, mi-
ukerZoeblobis standartis dacvisgan ar Tavisufldeba
Jurnalisti im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac amgvari SeTanxmeba
redaqciaSi ar arsebobs.
95
dadasturda meore hipoTeza, rom socialur qsel-
Si gamoqveynebuli informaciis Jurnalistur masalaSi
gamoyenebiT ar irRveva eTikuri standartebi, Tumca,
problema iqneba misi gamoyenebis formebTan dakavSire-
biT. mniSvnelovania, rom romelime piris mier socia-
lur qselSi gamoqveynebuli komentaris aRebisas Jurna-
listi darwmundes mis sizusteSi, gadaamowmos avtor-
Tan da amcnos, rom am informaciis gamoqveynebas api-
rebs. amasTan, socialuri qselidan aRebuli informa-
cia unda iyos erTerTi Semadgeneli nawili axali ambe-
bisa, rogorc es xdeba nebismieri sxva saSualebiT mi-
Rebuli komentaris Tu informaciis dros.
nawilobriv dadasturda mesame hipoTeza. gamar-
Tlda varaudi, rom siZulvilis enis Semcvel komenta-
rebze qarTuli onlaingamocemebi saredaqcio pasuxis-
mgeblobas ar iReben da mkiTxvelTa mier datovebul
komentarebs masalis Semadgenel nawilad ar ganixila-
ven.
ar dadasturda mesame hipoTezis meore nawili,
romlis mixedviTac redaqciebi ar Slian siZulvilis
enis Semcvel komentarebs. aRmoCnda, rom kvlevaSi mona-
wile onlaingamocemebi zRudaven siZulvilis enis Sem-
cvel komentarebs arasistematiurad da im SemTxvevaSi,
rodesac maTi vebgverdi amis saSualebas iZleva. amasTan
komentaris datovebas zRudaven im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ro-
melime konkretuli masalis gamoqveynebisas mosalodne-
lia siZulvilis enis Semcveli komentarebi. eqspertebi
miiCneven, rom amgvari komentarebis waSla siZulvilis
enis tiraJirebis xelSeSla ufroa, ris valdebulebac
Jurnalists aqvs, vidre gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sez-
Rudva.
96
Nata Dzvelisvili –Master at Tbilisi State University, Faculty
of social and political Sciences
ETHICAL ISSUES OF USING SOCIAL NETWORKS IN

GEORGIAN ONLINE MEDIA
In young democracies like Georgia, the self-regulation

system of online media is still fragile. Due to the development
of online media, this system has new trends and challenges.
The goal of this research is to analyze problems of
Georgian online media concerning ethical standards. The
research examines the following questions: Do journalists
violate the self-regulation standards when they post their
personal opinions about the issues they cover with in social
networks? Do the editors and journalists violate the self-
regulation standards using other people’s personal posts (in
social networks) as official comments within the news? Who is
responsible if users publish hate speech comments on online
articles?
For analyzing these topics, qualitative (in-depth
interviews) and quantitative (content analyzes) have been used.
In depth interviews have been conducted with seven media
experts and five editors from online news portals covering
social-political issues in Georgia (Liberali.ge, Netgazeti.ge,
News.ge, Droni.ge and Tavisupleba.org).
The first hypothesis – the impartiality standard is
violated by journalist’s expression of his/her viewpoint in
social network on socio-political subjects – has been confirmed
by this study. Editors of Georgian media believe it to be better
for a journalist to refrain from expressingpersonal viewpoints
in social networks on subjects that he or she covers. However,
97
there is no common social media policy for all editions in
Georgia.
This may lead to manipulations, e.g. by the employer: a
journalist may be dismissed without warning due to the fact
that he/she expressed certain opinions in a social network,
which, according to the employer, brought harm to the
impartiality of the media .
Various experts discuss this danger. In order to prevent
manipulations and subjective decisions by the employer, they
suggest an overriding social media policy, clearly defining the
types of restrictions journalists have to respect. Dismissal from
office without preliminary warning is unacceptable.
The second hypothesis of this study was confirmed as
well – using personal statuses posted on social network as an
information source is not necessarily a violation of ethical
standards. However, the question is how reporters may use
these comments. It is important to double-check information
which was posted by users on social networks. Moreover, such
kind of information should not be the only source, but only be
part of the news (asdone in using traditional sources).
The final hypothesis – Georgian online media editors
do not feel responsible for hate speech comments on their
online articles and do not delete them – has only been partly
confirmed. Editors randomly delete offensive and hate speech
comments, but they rather think that the authors of each
comment are responsible for the comment’s content. Analyzing
international cases as well as interviews with experts reveals
that deleting hate speech comments is not a restriction of the
Freedom of Expression.
98
mariam TurqiSvili

saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli
fakultetis bakalavriatis VI semestris
studenti
mediis gavlena marTlmsajulebaze
Sesavali
medias gaaCnia mniSvnelovani funqcia sazogadoebriv

cxovrebaSi da demokratiis principebidan gamomdinare,
saxelmwifo xelisuflebis yvela Sto aqtiurad Tanam-
Sromlobs masTan. am mxriv arc sasamarTlo xelisufle-
baa gamonaklisi. mauwyebelma mniSvnelovnad Secvala sa-
zogadoebis damokidebuleba sasamarTlos mimarT. man xe-
li Seuwyo sasamarTlos ganviTarebas, gaxada igi ufro
Ria da gamWvirvale. aqedan gamomdinare, SegviZlia mauw-
yeblis muSaoba davukavSiroT saproceso samarTalsac.
aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavisi arsiT media, iseve ro-
gorc sasamarTlo, mWidro kavSirSia adamianis ZirTiad
uflebebTan. faqtobrivad, orive saerTo mizans- adamia-
nis uflebaTa da TavisuflebTa dacvas emsaxureba. me-
dia, erTi mxriv, warmoadgens am uflebaTa ganxorcie-
lebis berkets, xolo meore mxriv, misi arseboba mTli-
anad aris damokidebuli uflebebiT sargeblobaze. faq-
tobrivad, adamianis uflebebi is qvakuTxedia, romlis
meSveobiTac funqcionirebs mTeli samauwyeblo sistema.
99
Tavis mxriv, sasamarTlos daniSnulebaa saxelmwifosa
da sazogadoebaSi iyos adamianis uflebaTa da Tavisuf-
lebaTa, samarTlianobis, kanonierebis, demokratiisa da
samoqalaqo mSvidobis garanti. Sesabamisad, logikuria,
rom sasamarTlosa da medias Soris urTierTTanamSrom-
loba momgebiania maTi miznebis misaRwevad.
amis miuxedavad, Seiqmna ramdenime mniSvnelovani
problema: msoflios TiTqmis yvela saxelmwifoSi media
iqca sasamarTloze zewolis berketad1 da gaxda saWiro
amis sapirwone meqanizmebis SemuSaveba; Jurnalistebi Ta-
vianTi gancxadebebiT aryevdnen sazogadoebis ndobas sasa-
marTlo sistemisadmi da arasworad aSuqebdnen iuridi-
ul sakiTxebs, riTac arc Tu iSviaTad, SecdomaSi Seh-
yavdaT mTeli mosaxleoba. es yovelive xSirad iwvevda
sasamarTlos mcdelobas moexdina mediisagan izolireba
da faqtobrivad wydeboda maT Soris TanamSromloba.
sasamarTlosa da mauwyebels Soris urTierTobis
dasaregulireblad Seiqmna specialuri normebi da mra-
val saxelmwifoSi gamoiyo JurnalistTa jgufebi,2
romlebic specializebulni arian iuridiul sakiTxTa
gaSuqebaze da floben saamisod saWiro codnas.
saqarTveloSi mediis mier iuridiuli sakiTxebis
gaSuqebas aregulirebs mauwyeblis qcevis kodeqsi, ro-
1
Supreme Court Judge cites Nirbhaya case, says no to media trial; ix.
<http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/supreme-court-judge-cites-nirbhaya-
case-says-no-to-media-trial-1025620.html> [15.08.2015].
2
Декларация Гильдии судебных репортеров, О принципах честной
работы в жанрах судебного очерка и репортажа, а также журналистского
расследования, Москва, 1997 <http://www.guild.ru/info/23/deklaratsiya>
[27.07.2015].
100
melsac savaldebulo Zala ar aqvs, sityvisa da gamo-
xatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni, aseve
saqarTvelos Jurnalisturi eTikis qartia. calkeuli
iuridiuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebis standartebs vxvdebiT
saarCevno da sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsebSi.
Tumca praqtikaSi, am regulaciebis darRveva iSviaTi
movlena araa.
rac Seexeba JurnalistTa specializebul jgufs,
aseTi saqarTveloSi gamoyofili ar aris da amis gamo
iSviaTi araa SemTxvevebi, rodesac mauwyebeli iuridiu-
li ganaTlebis naklebobis gamo Secdomebs uSvebs sa-
kiTxTa gaSuqebasa da sasamarTlosTan urTierTobaSi.
winamdebare naSromSi mokled ganvixilavT zemoaR-
niSnul problemebs, SevexebiT mediis rols sazogadoe-
bis informirebaSi sasamarTlos Sesaxeb; mauwyeblis sa-
samarTloze, konkretulad ki, mosamarTleebsa da nafic
msajulebze gavlenis sakiTxs; ganvixilavT aqvs Tu ara
medias udanaSaulobis prezumfciis dacvis valdebuleba
da imas, Tu rogor iqcevian Jurnalistebi sasamarTlo
sxdomis darbazSi.
1. mediis mniSvneloba sazogadoebis informirebaSi sasa-

marTlos Sesaxeb
media misTvis xelmisawvdomi saSualebebiT axorci-

elebs mimdinare movlenebis socialur kontrols, sasa-
marTlo kontrols. Sesabamisad, sainformacio saSuale-
bebi SesaZlebelia iqces sasamarTlos mniSvnelovan mo-
101
kavSired, vinaidan sasamarTlosa da medias Soris bevri
saerToa: moqmedebis sajarooba, muSaobis gamWvirvaloba,
principebi, romlebiTac xelmZRvaneloben, sazogadoebis
mZafri interesi, romelic gamoixateba rogorc sasamar-
Tlos, ise mediis mimarT. rac mTavaria, orives axasia-
TebT sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze kontroli, uflebaTa
da TavisuflebaTa darRvevaze reagireba.3
media, pirdapir Tu iribad, mraval ZiriTad ufle-
basTan aris dakavSirebuli, Tumca, mocemuli Temidan
gamomdinare, informaciis Tavisufleba, samarTliani sa-
samarTlos ufleba da sityvis Tavisufleba aris sain-
tereso. pirvel rigSi, unda aRiniSnos, rom Tavisi saq-
mianobis farglebSi da sasamarTlos sajaroobis prin-
cipebis Tanaxmad, mediasaSualebas aqvs ufleba gaaSuqos
sasamarTloSi mimdinare movlenebi da gaacnos isini mo-
saxleobas. es demokratiuli da samarTlebrivi saxel-
mwifos damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa. Tavis mxriv, sasamar-
Tlosac evaleba xeli Seuwyos sazogadoebis informi-
rebas sasamarTlo xelisuflebis saqmianobis da, zoga-
dad, marTlmsajulebis Sesaxeb, riTac unda moxdes sa-
samarTlos mimarT mosaxleobis ndobis, sasamarTlos
avtoritetis da samarTlebrivi kulturis amaRleba.
swored aseTi simbiozi uwyobs xels rogorc mediis,
ise sasamarTlosa da, zogadad, saxelmwifos ganviTare-
bas.
3
Полудняков В. И., Прозрачность, гласность правосудия. Суд и
средства массовой информации :
Проблемы юридической теории в свете юридической практики, Санкт-
Петербург, 2001; ix.
<http://www.law.edu.ru/doc/document.asp? docID=1126695> [30.08.2015].
102
amis miuxedavad, sainformacio saSualebebSi domi-
nirebs sasamarTlo xelisuflebis mimarT uaryofiTi
damokidebuleba. Sedegad, sasamarTlo xelisufleba ver
axerxebs dadges saTanado simaRleze da moipovos mo-
saxleobis ndoba, rac aucilebelia misi swori da ga-
marTuli funqcionirebisTvis.
2. sasamarTlos damoukidebloba
cxadia, mediam sasamarTlos gamWvirvalobaze dade-

biTi gavlena moaxdina da moaxerxa is, rom dauaxlova
sasamarTlo xelisufleba sazogadoebas. nel-nela iz-
rdeba mosaxleobis samarTlebrivi cnobierebac. sasamar-
Tlo aRar aris miuwvdomeli Zala, romlis saqmianoba-
Sic Caxedva SeuZlebeli iyo da amaSi didi wvlili me-
dias miuZRvis.
yovelive zemoxsenebulis miuxedavad, demokratiisa
da samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos principebi aseve moiT-
xoven, rom sasamarTlo iyos damoukidebeli yovelgvari
zegavlenisa da zewolisagan. misi damoukidebloba aris
kanonis uzenaesobis da samarTliani procesis fundame-
nuri garantiis winapiroba. sasamarTlos ekisreba moqa-
laqeebis sicocxlis, Tavisuflebebis, uflebebis, mova-
leobebisa da qonebis Sesaxeb saboloo gadawyvetilebis
miRebis valdebuleba.4 sasamarTlom mis winaSe wardge-
nili saqmeebi unda gadawyvitos miukerZoeblad, faqteb-
4
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis 1982 wlis ZiriTadi princi-
pebi sasamarTlos damoukideblobis Sesaxeb.
103
ze dayrdnobiT da kanonis Sesabamisad, nebismieri mxri-
dan da nebismieri mizniT yovelgvari SezRudvis, Seusa-
bamo zegavlenis, iZulebis, Zaladobis, daSinebis an pir-
dapiri an arapirdapiri Carevis gareSe.5 es debulebebi,
aseve, gadmotanilia qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi.
zemoxsenebuli principebidan, aseve gamomdinareobs
sasamarTlos damoukideblobis valdebuleba mediis ze-
gavlenisagan. mauwyebeli, romelic aqtiurad „Zerwavs”
sazogadoebriv azrs da axdens informirebas, zogjer,
zRudavs sasamarTlos damoukideblobas da bRalavs mis
avtoritets Tavisi Warbi dainteresebiT. iSviaTi ar
aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac sasamarTlo ganicdis presisa
da sazogadoebis zewolas, magram aman ar unda Searyios
sasamarTlos pozicia da asaxva ar unda hpovos mis ga-
dawyvetilebaze.
saqarTvelos konstitucia, saerTaSoriso xelSek-
rulebebi, zemoxsenebuli normebi, principebi da kidev
mravali sxva normatiuli aqti icavs sasamarTlos mis
saqmianobaSi mediis zedmeti Carevisagan, aseve, avalde-
bulebs ar aRmoCndes gareSe faqtorTa zegavlenis qveS.
3. media da mosamarTle
sakiTxavia axdens Tu ara media gavlenas mosamar-

Tleze. Tu sakiTxs farTo gagebiT mivudgebiT, cxadia,
rom rogorc nebismieri adamiani, romelic dainterese-
5
gaeros 1985 wlis ZiriTadi principebi sasamarTlos damoukideb-
lobis Sesaxeb, me-2 muxli.
104
bulia mimdinare movlenebiT, kiTxulobs gazeTs, uyu-
rebs axal ambebs, usmens radios, is Riaa mediis gavle-
nisaTvis, iseve, rogorc nebismieri mosamarTle. Tumca,
arc is unda dagvaviwydes, rom mosamarTle debs fics
da kargad iazrebs Tavis movaleobas iyos damoukidebe-
li da obieqturi saqmis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetilebis
miRebisas. misi movaleoba iyos damoukidebeli, aseve
vrceldeba mediis poziciisgan Tavisuflebaze. konkre-
tuli viTarebis Jurnalistiseuli Sefaseba zogjer
arasworia im martivi mosazrebidan gamomdinare, rom is
ar icnobs kanonmdeblobas ise, rogorc mosamarTle da
xSir SemTxvevaSi Secdomas uSvebs samarTlebriv sakiT-
xebze Tavis komentarebSi.
Tamamad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom mosamarTle metwi-
lad ar izRudeba mediis gavleniT, vinaidan kargad ic-
nobs Tavis movaleobebs da iazrebs pasuxismgeblobas.
magram aris ki es damoukidebloba absoluturi?
inglisis saapelacio sasamarTlos yofili mosa-
marTle ser mark poteri acxadebs, rom iseve rogorc
nebismier adamians, gadawyvetilebis miRebisas mosamar-
Tles uCndeba survili icodes rogor miiRebs mis ga-
dawyvetilebas sazogadoeba da ra Sefaseba moyveba mas.6
is aseve wers, rom zogjer sazogadoebrivi azris gav-
lena mosamarTleze dadebiT Sedegebs iRebs, vinaidan
6
Sir Mark Potter, Do the Media Influence the Judiciary?, The Foundation
for Law, Justice and Society in affiliation with The Centre for Socio-Legal
Studies, University of Oxford, 2011, 3; ix. <http://www.fljs.org/sites/
www.fljs.org/files/publications/Potter_PB.pdf> [02.04.2015].
105
mosamarTlis saqmianoba, swored sajaro interesebs em-
saxureba.
aqedan gamomdinare, iseT saqmeebSi, romelTa mimar-
Tac arsebobs sazogadoebis maRali interesi, srulebiT
ar aris gamoricxuli mosamarTlem gaiTvaliswinos sa-
zogadoebrivi da mediis azri.
Tumca, aris faqtebi, rodesac media cdilobs mo-
axdinos mosamarTleze garkveul zewola da amiT dab-
rkolebebs uqmnis marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebas.
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos erT-erTi mosamarTle
acxadebs, rom mas praqtikaSi hqonia SemTxveva, rodesac
mxare cdilobda gamoeyenebina media, rogorc zemoqmede-
bis berketi mosamarTleze da gavlena moexdina sasamar-
Tlo gadawyvetilebaze.
gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom gamocdili mosamar-
Tleebic ki ganicdian diskomforts, rodesac aRmoCnde-
bian kameris obieqtivSi,7 uWirT saqmeze fokusireba, ga-
nicdian stress da ver grZnoben Tavs Tavisuflad ga-
dawyvetilebis miRebisa Tu gamocxadebis dros, gansa-
kuTrebiT maSin, rodesac gadawyvetilebas adgilze TaT-
biriT iReben.
amasTan, Tu sakiTxs CavuRrmavdebiT, mivxvdebiT,
rom savsebiT SesaZlebelia, mediis zemoqmedeba mosamar-
Tleze ar iyos aseTi pirdapiri. eWvgareSea, rom mauw-
yeblis mier gamoyenebuli saSualebebi Zalian efeqtu-
rad moqmedebs adamianis qvecnobierze. ufro metic, fsi-
7
Mason P., Court on Camera: Electronic Broadcast Coverage of the Legal
Proceedings, Southampton, England, 2015; ix., <http://usf.usfca.edu/pj//
camera-mason.htm> [25.04.2015].
106
qologebi amtkiceben, rom mauwyebels SeuZlia Secva-
los adamianis azrovnebis stili, misi msoflmxedvelo-
ba da realobis aRqma.8 medias aqvs unari Camoayalibos
xalxis myari pozicia da ideologia calkeuli sakiT-
xebis mimarT da is imdenad Rrmad jdeba adamianis cno-
bierebaSi, rom SesaZlebelia, es ukanaskneli verc ki
iazrebdes amas. rac mTavaria, mauwyebels SeuZlia Seq-
mnas aJiotaJi sazogadoebaSi da moaxdinos sakiTxis gam-
wvaveba. mosamarTlec, rogorc sazogadoebis nawili, Se-
saZlebelia moxvdes am saerTo ganwyobis gavlenis qveS.
amis mravali magaliTi axsovs msoflio sasamarTlo
praqtikas, rac damaxasiaTebelia nebismieri saxelmwi-
fosTvis da ar warmoadgens Seuswavlel statistikas.
Catarebuli kvlevebi adastureben, rom yvelaze metad
mediis zegavlenas, pirdapir Tu iribad, ganicdis samo-
qalaqo procesi, Tumca arc sisxlis da administraci-
ul procesebze gavlenaa gamonaklisi. yovelive es, sam-
wuxarod, zogjer aisaxeba sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba-
ze.9
sabolood ki, unda aRiniSnos, rom mosamarTles,
iseve rogorc yvela moqalaqes, aqvs azris gamoxatvis
da rwmenis Tavisufleba. magram am uflebebis ganxorci-
elebisas is yovelTvis unda cdilobdes SeinarCunos
8
Luskin B., Brain, Behavior, and Media, The Media Psychology Effect,
2012 ix., <https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-media-psychology-
effect/201203/brain-behavior-and-media> [10.05.2015].
9
Claire S. H. Lim, Media Influence on Courts: Evidence from Civil Case
Adjudication, Kessler and McClellan (1996); <https://lim.economics.
cornell.edu/civilpaper.pdf> [10.04.2015];
<https://jillianmastroianni.wordpress.com/2012/04/22/how-social-media-
affects-court-cases/> [10.04.2015].
107
mosamarTlis profesiuli Rirseba, sasamarTlos miuker-
Zoebloba da damoukidebloba.
4. zegavlena nafic msajulebze
problemuria, aseve, mediis gavlenis sakiTxi nafic

msajulebze. es ukanasknelni ar floben iuridiul ga-
naTlebas. isini gadawyvetilebas unda iRebdnen saqmes-
Tan dakavSirebiT winaswar Camoyalibebuli azris gare-
Se, sakuTari sindisis karnaxiT, im mtkicebulebebze
dayrdnobiT, romlebsac mxareebi warmoadgenen sasamar-
Tlo sxdomaze.10 aqedan gamomdinare, nafici msajulebi
winaswar ar unda flobdnen informacias im saqmesTan
dakavSirebiT, romlis ganxilvaSic momavalSi miiReben
monawileobas. Tumca, Cvens realobaSi es iqca forma-
lobad, ramdenadac masobrivi sainformacio saSualebe-
bis Janrobrivi da raodenobrivi mravalferovnebis gamo
medias aqvs saSualeba gaaSuqos saqme warmoebis nebismi-
er stadiaze, rac, erTi mxriv, xels uwyobs samarTlia-
ni sasamarTlos principis gaZlierebas, xolo meore
mxriv, seriozul problemebs uqmnis nafic msajulTa
mier obieqturi da moukerZoebeli verdiqtis gamotanas.
imis miuxedavad, rom nafic msajulTa SerCeva gulmod-
gined da rTuli proceduris dacviT xdeba, iuridiuli
ganaTlebis arqonis gamo msajulebi mosamarTleze gaci-
lebiT ufro metad eqcevian mediis da sazogadoebrivi
10
nafic msajulTa instituti saqarTveloSi, g.naWyebias redaqto-
robiT, Tbilisi, 2013.35.
108
azris zemoqmedebis qveS. yvelaferTan erTad, SeuZlebe-
lia am gavlenisgan msajulTa absoluturi dacva, gansa-
kuTrebiT im pirobebSi, rodesac ar xdeba maTi sruli
izolireba potenciuri gavlenis wyaroebisgan. nafic
msajulTa SerCevis procesi aris xangrZlivi da dakav-
Sirebulia mraval procedurasTan, romlebic SesaZloa
droSi gaiwelos ramdenime TviTac ki.11 ar aris gamo-
ricxuli, rom ver moxerxdes saWiro raodenobiT msa-
julTa SerCeva erT SesarCev sxdomaze da, swored aq
vawydebiT problemas. dRes saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs
dawesebuleba, sadac SesaZlebeli iqneboda izolireba
SesaZlo zemoqmedebisagan. nafici msajulebi, romlebic
ukve informirebulni arian, rom konkretuli saqmis
ganxilvaSi unda miiRon monawileoba, brundebian sax-
lebSi da maTi kontaqti gareSe pirebTan ar aris Sez-
Ruduli. marTalia, SesarCev sxdomaze mosamarTle af-
rTxilebs msajuls, rom mas ar SeuZlia gaavrcelos
saqmesTan dakavSirebuli informacia da Tavi unda Seika-
os mocemul saqmesTan dakavSirebuli informaciis mopo-
vebisagan, realurad, amis kontroli SeuZlebelia. Tu
msajulebze ar dawesdeba 24-saaTiani meTvalyureoba,
veravin gaigebs adevnebs Tu ara is Tvals sainformacio
saSualebebs, saubrobs Tu ara is nacnobebTan an sxva
pirebTan konkretul saqmeze da a.S. amasTan cxadia, rom
aseTi kontrolis daweseba adamianis uflebaTa calsaxa
darRvevaa.
aseve problemuria msajulTa calke sacxovrebel
SenobaSi an sxvagan gadayvanis sakiTxi, vinaidan im piro-
11
iqve, 47.
109
bebSi, rodesac nafic msajulTa kolegiis dakompleqte-
ba SesaZlebelia gaiwelos TveobiT, adamianis mowyveta
misi ojaxisa da samuSao garemosagan iqneboda misi da
misi axloblebis konstituciuri uflebebis darRveva.
magram ukontrolo viTarebaSi msajuls SeuZlia, maga-
liTad, moisminos sainformacio saSualebebSi mtkicebu-
lebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic sasamarTlom dauSveblad
cno da, gacnobierebulad Tu gaucnobiereblad, gadaw-
yvetileba miiRos am mtkicebulebaze dayrdnobiT. arc
isaa gamoricxuli, msajuli moeqces sazogadoebrivi
mRelvarebis zegavlenis qveS, ris Seqmnis SesaZleblo-
bac medias, eWvgareSea, gaaCnia.
yvelaferTan erTad, mTel msoflioSi mravladaa
mediis mier saqmis zedmetad aqtiuri gaSuqebis gamo sa-
samarTlo sxdomis CaSlis12 an msajulTa mier araswo-
ri verdiqtis gamotanis praqtika.
nafic msajulTa verdiqtze mediis zegavlenis
TvalsaCino magaliTia o. jei. simpsonis saqme,13 rodesac
cnobil amerikel fexburTels brali edeboda yofili
colisa da misi sayvarlis mkvlelobaSi. saqmes aqtiu-
rad aSuqebdnen iseTi cnobili telearxebi, rogoricaa
CNN, BBC, CBN da mravali sxva. saintereso isaa, rom
am saqmem mTeli qveyana 2 nawilad gayo: adamianebad,
romlebic miiCnebdnen simpsons damnaSaved da maT, vinc
12
iqve, 41.
13
BBC - OJ Simpson the Untold Story; იხ., <https://www.
youtube.com/watch?v=QG5CPhGoT3M> [18.04.2015]. და CBS- news;
ix., <http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-o-j-simpson-murder-trial-20-years-
later/> [18.04.2015].
110
iTxovda mis gamarTlebas. daiwyo masobrivi gamosvlebi
da gaimarTa demonstraciebi. amas mediam Zalian Seuwyo
xeli, vinaidan, gamudmebiT aSuqebda saqmis detalebs da
xSirad sakmaod subieqturic iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom sim-
psonis mxardamWerTa umravlesoba iyo afro-amerikeli,
xolo Jiuris umravlesoba, swored Savkaniani adamiane-
biT iyo dakompleqtebuli. amasTan, msajulebs kolegiis
dakompleqtebamde mediis meSveobiT ukve gaaCndaT sakma-
od vrceli informacia saqmis garemoebebTan dakavSire-
biT. arsebobda eWvi, rom ramdenime maTgani iyo simpa-
TiiT ganwyobili braldebulis mimarT. mravali iuris-
ti Semdgom acxadebda, rom swored mauwyeblis mier
Seqmnili aJiotaJi da mosaxleobis garkveuli nawilis
emociebiT manipulireba gaxda simpsonis „saocari” ga-
marTlebis safuZveli. cxadi gaxda, rom gareSe faqtor-
Ta zegavlenisagan msajulTa dacva ver moxerxda.
yovelive amis Tavidan asacileblad sxvadasxva sa-
xelmwifoSi SeimuSaves gansxvavebuli meqanizmebi mediis
mier saqmis gaSuqebisa da sasamarTlosTan urTierTobis
mosawesrigeblad. inglisSi 1981 wlis kanoniT „sasamar-
Tlos upativiscemlobis Sesaxeb” media iZulebuli gax-
da seriozulad daewyo kontroli imaze, rom mis mier
gasavrcelebl informacias ar moexdina gavlena nafic
msajulTa verdiqtze.14 amis sapirispirod, rogorc ze-
moTac Cans, SeerTebul StatebSi analogiuri SezRudve-
bi ar moqmedebs da medias gacilebiT ufro meti Tavi-
sufleba aqvs informaciis gavrcelebisas. kanadaSi ki,
saqmeebi ganixileba Ria sxdomaze, im gamonaklisebis
14
nafic msajulTa instituti saqarTveloSi, Tbilisi, 2013, 68; 41.
111
garda, rodesac sxdomis daxurva aris saWiro sazoga-
doebrivi interesisa da moralidan gamomdinare.15
5. media sasamarTlo darbazSi
mediasa da sasamarTlos Soris urTierTobis pro-

cesSi warmoiSoba kidev erTi problema. saqarTveloSi
vxvdebiT SemTxvevebs, rodesac Jurnalistebi sasamar-
Tlo sxdomis darbazSi gadaRebisas xmauroben, gadaad-
gildebian, an iwveven xmaurs darbazis gareT, iyeneben
Seusabamod mkafio sinaTles da axorcieleben sxva qme-
debebs, romlebic aferxeben sasamarTlo ganxilvis
msvlelobas. pirvel rigSi, es yvelaferi iwvevs proce-
sis monawileTa yuradRebis gafantvas. mtkiceba ar
sWirdeba imas, rom mosamarTlis an nafic msajulTa yu-
radRebis gafantvam, Tundac ramdenime wamiT, SesaZloa
mZime Sedegi gamoiRos araswori gadawyvetilebis saxiT.
Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos, rom msgavsi SemTxvevebis
raodenobam ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi sagrZnob-
lad iklo.
meore mxriv, sasamarTlosa da medias Soris komu-
nikaciis problemaze metyvelebs is garemoeba, rom mauw-
yebels xSirad ar eZleva Sesaferisi ganmartebebi ama
Tu im moqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT. aseT viTarebaSi Jur-
nalistebi sakuTari interpretaciiT aSuqeben movle-
nebs, rasac mivyavarT sazogadoebis dezorientaciamde
da sasamarTlos avtoritetis Selaxvamde.
15
kanadis ssk, 486.
112
6. media da udanaSaulobis prezumfcia
masobrivi sainformacio saSualebebi pasuxismge-

belni arian maT mier miwodebuli informaciis saimedo-
basa da koreqtulobaze. sxvadasxva qveynis kanonmdeb-
lobam Seqmna mravali samoqalaqo da sisxlissamarTleb-
rivi instituti, romelic uzrunvelyofs mediasaSuale-
bis pasuxismgeblobas saqmiani reputaciis, Rirsebis Se-
laxvisa da ciliswamebisTvis. es gamowveulia imiT, rom
mauwyeblis mier gavrcelebulma informaciam SesaZlebe-
lia seriozulad daarRvios adamianis zogierTi ufle-
ba. aseTebia: piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba, Rirseba,
pativi, samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba da mravali
sxva.
am CamonaTvals unda davumatoT konstituciiT,
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT da sxva aqte-
biT daculi udanaSaulobis prezumfcia. am principis
Tanaxmad, romelic uSualod gamomdinareobs konstitu-
ciis me-40 muxlidan, adamiani udanaSaulod iTvleba ma-
nam, sanam misi damnaSaveoba ar damtkicdeba kanoniT dad-
genili wesiT da kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gamamtyunebe-
li sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT. manamde saxelmwifo
organoebma unda Seikavon Tavi iseTi gancxadebebisagan,
romlebic qmnian STabeWdilebas, TiTqos piris braleu-
loba ukve dadgenilia.16 ar unda daviviwyoT, rom sasa-
16
TumaniSvili g., sisxlis samarTlis procesi zogadi nawilis mi-
moxilva, Tbilisi, 2014, 80.
113
marTlom braldebuli SeiZleba gaamarTlos kidec. ami-
tom sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis romelime wina stadia-
ze dauSvebelia braldebulis miCneva da moxsenieba dam-
naSaved, vinaidan saxelmwifo (kanoni) mas udanaSaulod
miiCnevs,17 xolo „konkretul pirs sisxlis samarTlis
sasjeli SeiZleba daedos mxolod udanaSaulobis pre-
zumfciis principis moqmedebis Sewyvetis Semdeg, anu
kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli ganaCeniT misi damnaSaved cno-
bis momentidan”.18
bolo dros gaxSirda ganacxadebi imis Taobaze,
rom mauwyeblis moqmedebebi aSkara dartymas ayenebs
udanaSaulobis prezumfcias. amis magaliTia e.w. „abula-
Zis” saqme, rodesac konkretul pirs brali edeboda
policiis TanamSromlis mkvlelobaSi. mediam yovelgva-
ri gamoZiebisa da sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gareSe,
jer kidev dakavebamde, Seracxa es adamiani damnaSaved
da mkvlelad.
aSkara iyo, rom am saqmeSi mediam moaxdina sakiT-
xis dramatizeba da personalizacia movlenaTa safuZ-
vliani gamoZiebis gareSe. aseve vrceldeboda gancxade-
bebi, rom zogi mauwyebeli avrcelebda mxolod erTi
mxaris pozicias da mxolod im faqtebs, romlebic ga-
namtkicebda am xedvas. amasTan, aqcenti ar keTdeboda
danaSaulis savaraudo Camdenis motivze, moxda misi pi-
radi cxovrebisa da warsulis gasajaroeba iseTi ra-
17
kaxniaSvili a., udanaSaulobis prezumfcia da sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmis Sesaxeb cnobebis gavrceleba, Jurnali „adamiani da
konstitucia”, N#2, 1999, 22.
18
iqve, 22; ix. citireba: Либус И. А. Презумпця невиновности в
Советском уголовном процессе, Ташкент, 1981, 43.
114
kursiT, romelmac moaxdina misi kriminalizacia sazoga-
doebis TvalSi.
danaSaulisa da antisocialuri qmedebis gaSuqebi-
sas, mauwyebelma unda daicvas balansi, erTi mxriv, ga-
moxatvis Tavisuflebasa, xolo meore mxriv, udanaSau-
lobis prezumfciasa da braldebulis, msjavrdebulis,
mowmeTa da dazaralebulTa piradi cxovrebis xelSeu-
xeblobis uflebas Soris.
am TvalsazrisiT, Zalian mniSvnelovania is faqti,
rom mosamarTles, romlis ganxilvaSic aRmoCndeboda
sabolood saqme, rogorc sazogadoebis nawils, winas-
war Seeqmna garkveuli warmodgena damnaSavis pirovneba-
sa da saqmis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT. es ewinaaRmde-
geba sisxlis samarTlis procesis SejibrebiTobis prin-
cips. msgavs situaciebSi rTuldeba mosamarTlis damou-
kideblobis, miukerZoeblobis, obieqturobisa da neit-
ralurobis mtkiceba. amave principebidan gamomdinare
dauSvebelia sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaze gavlena mo-
axdinos rame gareSe faqtorma. mosamarTles (an nafic
msajuls) ar unda qondes Camoyalibebuli winaswari
pozicia braldebulis damnaSaveobasTan an udanaSaulo-
basTan dakavSirebiT. man obieqturad unda Seafasos saq-
meSi mxareTa mier warmodgenili mtkicebulebebi da es
yvelaferi gaakeTos, rogorc neitralurma damkvirve-
belma.
gamodis, rom mediis mier piris moxseniebas iseTi
formiT TiTqos misi braleuloba ukve dadgenilia, miv-
yavarT imave Sedegamde rac udanaSaulobis prezumfciis
darRvevas saxelmwifo organos mier _ samarTliani sa-
115
samarTlos uflebis darRvevamde. Sesabamisad, imis miu-
xedavad, rom udanaSaulobis prezumfciis dacvis val-
debulebas dRevandeli kanonmdebloba mxolod saxel-
mwifo organoebs akisrebs, media saSualebebsac gaaCniaT
eTikuri valdebuleba ar moixsenion braldebuli iseTi
formiT, TiTqos misi braleuloba dadgenilia sasamar-
Tlo gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanamde. es movaleoba
pirdapir aris miTiTebuli Jurnalisturi eTikis nor-
mebSi da imis miuxedavad ras vuwodebT am movaleobas,
udanaSaulobis prezumfcias Tu nebismier sxva saxels,
faqtia, is arsebobs da unda Sesruldes.
daskvna
sabolood SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom problemebi

mediasa da sasamarTlos urTierTobebSi aris ormxrivi.
media arasworad aSuqebs iuridiul sakiTxebs da zog-
jer arakoreqtulia sasamarTlos mimarT. amis sapiris-
pirod, sasamarTlo zogjer cdilobs maqsimalurad da-
icvas Tavi mediisagan da erideba komentaris gakeTebas.
ra Tqma unda, yvela am sakiTxis mogvareba erTbaSad Se-
uZlebelia da mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad saWiroa
sistematuri muSaoba da TanamSromloba mediasa da sasa-
marTloebs Soris.
am problemebis mogvarebis yvelaze efeqtur gzad
miiCneva JurnalistTa jgufis gamoyofa, romelic speci-
alizebuli iqneba iuridiuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebaze.
amasTan, saWiroa am jgufis kvalifikaciis amaRlebaze
116
aqtiuri muSaoba. pirvel rigSi, unda moxdes maTTvis
seminarebisa da treningebis Catareba samarTlebriv Te-
mebze, raTa masmediis warmomadgenlebma SeZlon gaiaz-
ron fundamenturi iuridiuli terminebis mniSvneloba
da adekvaturad Seafason sasamarTlos moqmedebebi, Tun-
dac spikeri mosamarTleebis ganmartebebis safuZvelze.
Jurnalistebis iuridiuli ganaTlebis gziT SesaZlebe-
li gaxdeboda mTlianad sazogadoebaSi samarTlebrivi
kulturis garkveulwilad amaRleba. im sazogadoebaSi
ki sadac xalxi samarTlebrivad metnaklebad gaTviT-
cnobierebulia, sasamarTlo sistemis ganviTarebac uf-
ro martivi da organulia. metia sasamarTlos mimarT
ndobac.
meore mxriv, saWiroa sasamarTlom Camoayalibos
ufro mkafio politika masobriv sainformacio saSua-
lebebTan urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT. mosamarTlis
swavlebis periodSi ukeTesi iqneboda ezrunaT imazec,
rom mas SeeZlos daubrkoleblad muSaoba masobrivi
komunikaciis saSualebebTan.
rac Seexeba mediis urTierTobas nafic msajulTa
sasamarTlosTan, aRsaniSnavia, rom es saqarTvelosTvis
axali institutia da mis srulyofilad Camoyalibebam-
de da mowesrigebamde saWiroa msajulTa dacva mediis
gavlenisagan. Tu ar gavrceldeba arasaTanado da dau-
zustebeli informacia, arc nafici msajuli Seva Sec-
domaSi, xolo informaciis obieqturi miwodebisas, rac
amosavali wertilia unda iyos masmediis nebismieri sa-
SualebisaTvis, msajuli daculi iqneba araswori sazo-
gadoebrivi azris zewolisagan.
117
aucilebelia sainformacio saSualebebsa da sasa-
marTlos Soris damyarebul ndobaze, pativiscemasa da
TanamSromlobaze agebuli urTierToba. aseT pirobebSi
sasamarTlosa da mediis muSaoba iqneba maqsimalurad
efeqturi. amaRldeba maTi avtoriteti sazogadoebis
TvalSi da rac mTavaria, SesaZlebeli iqneba im mniSvne-
lovani miznebis miRweva, romlebsac emsaxureba erTic
da meorec.
118
Mariam Turkishvili – Student (B.Sc) at Tbilisi State
University, Faculty of Law (4th year)
MEDIA’S INFLUENCE ON JUSTICE
Media plays an important role in the defense and

enforcement of Human Rights and this role is increasing each
and every year. Most certainly, “the fourth power” affects the
work of justice enforcement bodies. Therefore, the work of
journalists clearly is connected with procedural law. In this
sense, media can even play the role of a mediator between
actions of the court and their perception by the society, which
is only natural considering the recourses at disposal of mass
media. We live in an era of informational technology, where
information on almost anything is available on TV, radio,
internet etc. Accordingly, the subject of this work is how media
can influence judicial bodies:
• How media informs the society concerning court work;
• How media affects the court’s independence;
• The relationship between judges and journalists;
• Media’s influence on jurors;
• Presumption of innocence;
• The behavior of media in the courtroom.
The objective of this work is to show how important it is to
provide sufficient media coverage of legal matters in order to
increase legal awareness and consciousness of the society in general.
119
Tamar kareliZe
ilias saxelmwifo universitetis mecnierebisa

da xelovnebis fakultetis magistraturis II
kursis studenti
TviTregulirebis organoebi regionul

mauwyeblebSi
Sesavali
mauwyeblebSi TviTregulirebis organoTa muSaobis

Sesaxeb Catarebulma kvlevebma aCvena, rom umetes Sem-
TxvevaSi maT arsebobas ufro metad formaluri xasiaTi
aqvs, vidre qmediTi. TiTqmis msgavsi Sedegi iqna miRebu-
li rogorc erovnuli, aseve regionuli mauwyeblebis
kvlevisas. qvemoT warmodgenili kvleva regionul mauw-
yeblebs exeba, romelze muSaobis procesSic, mauwyeble-
bis xelmZRvanelebTan Catarebuli interviuebisas, gamo-
ikveTa is saWiroebebi, romlebic, efeqtiani da qmediTi
TviTregulirebis organos Sesaqmnelad, televiziebs
sWirdebaT.
erTaderTi SemTxveva, rodesac regionuli mauwyeb-
lis TviTregulirebis organom saCivari ganixila da
rezonansuli gaxda, 2012 wels, zviad qoriZis mier,
telekompania „obieqtivis“ winaaRmdeg Setanili sarCe-
li iyo, romlis retranslirebasac aWaraSi, „25-e arxi“
awarmoebda.
120
saqme exeboda „obieqtivis“ gadacemis, „Ramis stu-
diis“ 19 martis gamoSvebas, romlis wamyvani iyo irma
inaSvili, stumari ki - soso manjaviZe. gadacema baTum-
Si azizies meCeTis mSeneblobas exeboda. amave Temaze,
baTumis preskafeSi gamarTul diskusiazec isaubres.
zviad qoriZe saCivarSi aRniSnavda, rom gadacemis wam-
yvanma da stumarma konteqstis darRveviT moaxdines mi-
si mosazrebebis citireba da arasworad interpretire-
ba, rasac Semdgom Seuracxmyofeli gancxadebebi mohyva.
qoriZe moiTxovda, rom 25-e arxs gaeSva sakuTar eTer-
Si gancxadeba uaryofis Sesaxeb. qoriZe aseve miiCnevda,
rom „obieqtivis“ eTeriT dairRva mauwyebelTa qcevis
kodeqsis me-17 muxli. TviTregulirebis sabWom miiCnia,
rom darRvevas marTlac hqonda adgili da qoriZis sa-
Civari dakmayofilda. maia merkvilaZe ambobs, rom miRe-
bulma gadawyvetilebam sazogadoebaSi arxisadmi ndoba
ramdenadme gazarda.
mauwyeblebis xelmZRvanelTa did nawils ar dauma-
lavs, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi TviTregulirebisadmi mi-
marTva moqalaqeTa mxridan formalur xasiaTs atarebs
da umetesad, sabWos mier sakiTxis ganxilvis procesSi-
ve xdeba momCivanis darwmuneba sarCelis usafuZvloba-
Si.
gamokiTxvis farglebSi, regionuli mauwyeblebis
warmomadgenlebi aRniSnavdnen, rom maT sWirdebaT daxma-
reba kompetenturi pirebisa Tu organizaciebis mxridan,
raTa TviTregulirebis meqanizmi ufro efeqtiani da
qmediTi gaxadon. isini mzad arian iTanamSromlon im
121
saxis proeqtebTan, romlebic maT TviTregulirebis me-
qanizmebis gaZlierebaSi daexmarebaT.
1. regulaciebisa da mignebebis mimoxilva
kvlevis obieqtebi - regionuli mauwyeblebi: „25-e

arxi“, „mecxre talRa“, „odiSi“, „guria“, „rioni“,
„imervizia“, „dia“, „qvemo qarTlis televizia“, „Tria-
leTi“, „borjomi“, „imperia“, „marneulis televizia“,
„gurjaani“, „Tanamgzavri“.
kvlevis mizani - SeviswavloT, muSaobs Tu ara „ma-
uwyebelTa Sesaxeb“ kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli TviTre-
gulirebis sistemebi regionul televiziebSi da uz-
runvelhyofs Tu ara kanoni maT efeqtian muSaobas.
kanonmdeblobis mimoxilva - mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb
saqarTvelos kanonis 50-e muxlis Sesabamisad,1 saqar-
Tvelos komunikaciebis erovnulma komisiam SeimuSava
`mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi~.2 amave kanonis me-14-e
muxliT, mauwyeblebze momxmarebelTa saCivrebis efeqti-
ani ganxilvis meqanizmTa Seqmnis valdebuleba vrcelde-
ba. amasTan, „mauwyebelTa Sesaxeb“ kanonis 52-e muxli,
mauwyeblebs jerovan sizustes, Sesworebasa da uaryo-
fas avaldebulebs. aRniSnuli gawerilia qcevis kodeq-
sSic.
1
ix. <http://www.gncc.ge/files/7110_9041_260414> [20.08.2015].
2
<http://www.gncc.ge/files/7060_7177_303673_Code%20of%
20Conduct.pdf> [20.08.2015].
122
regulaciebis mimoxilva - mauwyebelTa qcevis ko-
deqsi 2009 wels iqna miRebuli. mis meore TavSi gawe-
rilia is regulaciebi, romlebiTac TviTregulirebis
organoebi unda moqmedebdes. aRsaniSnavia, rom kodeqsiT
gaTvaliswinebuli TviTregulirebis meqanizmebis Seqmna,
sazogadoebriv mauwyebelsa da kerZo saerTo mauwyeb-
lobis licenziis mqone televiziebs (erovnul mauwyeb-
lebs), eqvsi Tvis vadaSi daevalaT. regionul mauwyeb-
lebs ki valdebulebis Sesrulebis erTwliani vada mie-
caT.
TviTregulirebisa da angariSvaldebulebis Tavis
mixedviT, daintersebul pirs aqvs ufleba, eTerSi ga-
sul masalaze pretenziis qonis SemTxvevaSi, 10 dRis
manZilze mauwyebels mosTxovos mcdari faqtis Sesaba-
misi formiTa da SinaarsiT Sesworeba an uaryofa. ga-
nacxadSi aRniSnuli unda iyos masalis eTerSi gaSvebis
TariRi, programis dasaxeleba da mauwyebelTa qcevis
kodeqsis is muxlebi, romelTa darRvevaSic mauwyebels
momCivani edaveba.
mauwyebelSi Sesuli saCivrebis ganxilvis valdebu-
leba TviTregulirebis meqanizms aqvs (misi Seqmnis val-
debuleba televiziebs kanoni „mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb“ da
„mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi“ avaldebulebs), romelmac
saCivrebze gamWvirvale, drouli da dasabuTebuli ga-
dawyvetileba unda gamoitanos.
niSandoblivia faqti, rom mauwyebelTa TviTregu-
lirebis organosaTvis mimarTva mxolod „dainterese-
bul pirebs“ SeuZliaT. kanonmdebloba ki am definiciaSi
mxolod im subieqts an subieqtTa jgufs moiazrebs,
123
romlebsac eTerSi gasuli masala pirdapir an iribad
Seexo. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom TviTregulirebis organo-
Si miRebuli gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gasaCivrdes mxo-
lod amave mauwyebelSi Seqmnil saapelacio organoSi.
saboloo gadawyvetileba ar saCivrdeba komunikaciebis
erovnul komisiasa Tu sasamarTloSi.
kanonmdeblobiT gawerili proceduris Tanaxmad,
Semosuli saCivris ganxilvis valdebuleba mauwyeblebs
21 dRis vadaSi aqvT. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi isini val-
debulebi arian daasabuTon gadawyvetileba ganxilvis
vadis gazrdis Taobaze da yvela dainteresebul pirsac
acnobon. TviTregulirebis farglebSi miRebuli gadaw-
yvetilebis gasaCivrebis ufleba momCivans, amave mauwyeb-
lis mier Seqmnil saapelacio organoSi Svidi dRis man-
Zilze SeuZlia.
„mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi“ gansazRvravs im kri-
teriumebsac, Tu vin SeiZleba iyos TviTregulirebisa
da saapelacio organos wevri. ar SeiZleba sabWoSi Se-
vides sajaro moxele an politikuri partiis wevri.
TviTregulirebis organo dakompleqtebuli unda iyos
miukerZoebeli da kompetenturi adamianebiT. interesTa
konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi, saCivris ganxilvis dros, da-
interesebul pirs aqvs ufleba, komisiis ama Tu im
wevrs acileba misces. wevris acilebis SemTxvevaSi, ga-
dawyvetileba xmaTa umravlesobiT miiReba. xmaTa gayo-
fis SemTxvevaSi, gadamwyvetia Tavmjdomaris xma. gadaw-
yvetileba 30 dRis ganmavlobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, sabWos dasabuTebis valdebule-
ba aqvs.
124
saCivrebis ganxilvis SemTxvevaSi TviTregulirebi-
sa da saapelacio organoebis komisiebma unda uzrun-
velhyon yvela dainteresebuli piris daswreba. saCiv-
rebTan dakavSirebiT, miRebuli gadawyvetileba unda
iyos werilobiTi da dasabuTebuli.
TviTregulirebasTan erTad, „mauwyebelTa qcevis
kodeqsi“ angariSvaldebulebis nawilsac moicavs. mauw-
yeblebi valdebulebi arian, weliwadSi erTxel Caata-
ron TviTregulirebis sistemis auditi da erovnul ko-
misias yovelwliurad warudginon is. saangariSo perio-
di 1 maisiT aris gansazRvruli. angariSSi Tavmoyrilia
informacia TviTregulirebis meqanizmSi Sesuli saCiv-
rebis, gancxadebebisa da miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis
Sesaxeb.
kanonmdebloba mauwyeblebs avaldebulebs, saCivar-
Ta ganxilvis procesi gamWvirvaled warmarTon, Tumca
is ar Seicavs konkretul punqtebs, romelic valdebu-
lebas uzrunvelyofs. aqedan gamomdinare, mauwyeblebi
wlis ganmavlobaSi Sesul saCivrebs, TviTregulirebisa
da saapelacio organos wevrTa vinaobas, miRebul ga-
dawyvetilebas da a.S. mxolod komunikaciebis erovnul
komisias warudgenen. kanoni mauwyeblebs arc TviTregu-
lirebis Sesaxeb informaciis sakuTar vebgverdze gamoq-
veynebas avaldebulebs.
125
2. kvlevis meTodologia
meTodologia - kvleva Catarda kodeqsiT gansaz-

Rvruli regulaciebiT - aris Tu ara gamWvirvale gasa-
Civrebis procedura (mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi, mux-
li 7). gamoyenebul iqna ori meTodi:
a. meoradi analizi - es moicavs maregulirebelSi

regionuli mauwyeblebis mier wardgenili dokumen-
taciisa da veb-gverdebis Seswavlas (aris Tu ara
TviTregulirebis organos Sesaxeb informacia sai-
tebze gamoqveynebuli);
b. Tvisobrivi meTodi - detaluri informaciis mi-

saRebad Catarebul iqna pirispir interviuebi ma-
uwyeblebis xelmZRvanel pirebTan.
regionul mauwyeblebSi TviTregulirebis organo-

Ta muSaobis Taobaze kvleva ar Catarebula. 2014 wels,
MDF—is mkvlevarma, Jurnalistma gela boCikaSvilma
analogiur Temaze nacionalur mauwyeblebSi arsebuli
mdgomareoba Seiswavla.3 erovnul mauwyeblebSi aRmoCe-
nili mignebebi _ saCivrebis mcire raodenoba, mayure-
belTa arainformirebuloba da TviTregulirebis orga-
nos formaluri saxe saerToa regionuli mauwyeblebis-
Tvisac. erovnulisagan gansxvavebiT, arasamTavrobo or-
3
boCikaSvili g., mauwyeblobis TviTregulireba, kanonmdebloba da
praqtika, <http://eurocommunicator.ge/mdf/uploads//mautskeblis-
tvitregulireba-kanini-praqtika.pdf> [20.08.2015].
126
ganizaciaTa mimarTva regionuli mauwyeblebis TviTre-
gulirebis sabWoebisadmi mcirea. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom
JurnalistebTan dadebuli xelSekrulebebi regionuli
televiziebis umetesobaSi, mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqssa
da Sinaganawess moicavs. es ukanaskneli kodeqsis dacva-
sac gulisxmobs (msgavsi SemTxveva erovnul mauwyebleb-
Si ar fiqsirdeba).
regionuli mauwyeblebidan kvlevisaTvis SerCeul
iqna is telekompaniebi, romlebic meti aqtiurobiT ga-
moirCevian - aqvT sainformacio gamoSvebebi da sakuTari
gadacemebi. kvlevis monawile 14 telekompaniidan, TiT-
qmis, yvela direqtorma amomwuravad upasuxa kiTxvebs.
TviTregulirebis organoSi Sesuli saCivrebis tendenci-
is gasarkvevad, komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiidan ga-
moTxovil iqna informacia 2012 da 2013 wlebis Sesaxeb.
3. kvlevis Sedegebi
saCivrebis mcire raodenoba - komunikaciebis erov-

nuli komisiidan gamoTxovili informaciis Tanaxmad,
rogorc aRmoCnda, 2012 wlis manZilze, regionul ma-
uwyeblebSi jamSi sul 9 saCivari iyo Sesuli (erTi
„25-e arxSi“, xuTi „imerviziaSi“, sami „imperiaSi“). gan-
xiluli saqmeebidan umetesoba teqnikuri xasiaTis iyo.
momCivanis sasargeblod telekompania „25-e arxis“
TviTregulirebis organoSi ganxiluli saqme gadawyda.
danarCen SemTxvevebSi davis mxaris darwmuneba sarCelis
usafuZvlobaSi, misi ganxilvis procesSi moxerxda.
127
2013 wels ki mxolod „imperiaSi“ Sevida 2 saCivari,
romelTagan erTi sabWom daakmayofila da modave mxares
gamoeyo saeTero dro ganmartebebis gasakeTeblad, meore
SemTxvevaSi ki, saCivris ganxilvis procesSi moxerxda
modave mxaris darwmuneba sarCelis usafuZvlobaSi.
informaciis nakleboba _ arsebobs informaciis
gavrcelebis problema. mauwyeblebi ar cdiloben mosax-
leobas Seatyobinon TviTregulirebis, misi meqanizmebi-
sa da uflebebis Sesaxeb. kvlevis Sedegad gamoTqmuli
mosazrebebidan gamomdinare, dabali mimarTvianoba imis
bralicaa, rom mosaxleoba mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeq-
ssac ar icnobs. baTumis 25-e arxi erTaderTia regio-
nul mauwyebelTagan, romelsac saitze TviTregulire-
bis organos Sesaxeb aqvs informacia, Tumca isic aras-
rulia da mxolod ganxiluli saqmiT Semoifargleba;
mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi SinaganawesSi _ mauw-
yeblebis umetesoba xelekrulebaSi Jurnalists mauwye-
belTa qcevis kodeqsis dacvas avaldebulebs, xolo na-
wili xelSekrulebaSi mxolod Sinaganawess debs, Tavad
Sinaganawesi moicavs mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis dac-
vasac (es komponenti gamokiTxuli 14 mauwyeblidan sams
aqvs („borjomi“, „imervizia“, „marneuli“;
rekomendaciebi arasamTavrobo seqtoridan - mauw-
yeblebma ar ician, ra meqanizmiT unda gaxadon popula-
ruli da qmediTi TviTregulirebis organo. maTi nawi-
li miiCnevs, rom daxmareba am sakiTxSi, komunikaciebis
komisiam da arasamTavrobo seqtorma unda gauwios.
alternatiuli xerxi - regionul televiziebSi
arsebobs mayurebelTan kontaqtis alternatiuli xerxi.
128
rogorc kvlevisas Catarebulma interviuebma aCvena, ma-
yurebelTa umetesoba amjobinebs satelefono zariTa da
feisbuqis saSualebiT ikontaqtos televiziasTan. inte-
raqcia sakmaod intensiuri da efeqtiania;
informaciis gavrcelebis intensivobis nakleboba
damalva - mauwyebelTa nawili ar akeTebs TviTreguli-
rebis sabWos popularizacias imitom, rom naklebi saCi-
vari mauwyeblis imijisaTvis ukeTesia. amis meore mize-
zi aseve komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiisaTvis kanonis
aRsrulebis meqanizmis ararsebobaa.
daskvna da rekomendaciebi
kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa, rom regionul mauw-

yeblebSi TviTregulirebis meqanizmis sakiTxi ar aris
prioritetuli. kanonSi gawerilia mauwyeblebis mier am
organos Seqmnis valdebuleba, Tumca misi efeqtiani mu-
Saobis Sesaxeb samarTlebrivi dokumentebi arafers am-
bobs. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, saCivrebis didi raode-
noba telekompaniebis interesebSi ar Sedis, vinaidan
fiqroben, rom es maT imijze cudad aisaxeba. amis para-
lelurad, arsebuli saqmeebi cxadhyofs, Tu rogori
roli iTamaSa mauwyeblisadmi sazogadoebrivi ndobis
amaRlebaSi TviTregulirebis meqanizmis mier ganxilul-
ma saqmeebma.
imisaTvis, rom moxdes TviTregulirebis organoTa
efeqtiani muSaoba mauwyeblebSi, amisaTvis rekomendaci-
is saxiT saWiroa Semdegi aqtivobebi:
129
ganixilos regionul mauwyeblebSi TviTregulire-
bis sistemis alternativis qmediToba da moxdes misi
integracia TviTregulirebis organosTan, rac niSnavs
saCivrebisa da ukmayofilo mayureblebis pretenziebis
moqcevas kodeqsiT gansazRvrul CarCoebSi;
kvlevis periodSi obieqtTa Soris mxolod erTi,
baTumis „25-e arxi“ iyo, romelsac TviTregulirebis
organos mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba vebgverdze aqvs
ganTavsebuli. sasurveli iqneba, Tu sxva telekompanie-
bic, aRniSnulis Sesaxeb, ganaTavseben informacias saku-
Tar veb-gverdebze;
moxdes TviTregulirebis sabWoTa formaluridan
realurad moqmed organoebad Camoyalibeba, rac xels
Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi mediagaremos ganviTarebas da
mayurebelsa da mauwyeblebs Soris met integracias;
moxdes socialuri rgolebis an klipebis damzade-
ba, romlebic regionuli mauwyeblebis eTerSi itria-
lebs da TviTregulirebis organos Sesaxeb mosaxleobas
informacias intensiurad miawvdis (amis mzaoba Tvisob-
rivi kvlevis drosac gamoCnda). aqve aucilebelia, kli-
pebi iyos maqsimalurad gasageb enaze damzadebuli;
kanonSi cvlilebebis SemTxvevaSi, komunikaciebis
erovnul komisias mieces ufleba, moiTxovos mauwyeble-
bidan TviTregulirebis meqanizmSi saCivrebis ganmxilve-
li pirebis Secvlis Sesaxeb ganaxlebadi informacia;
arasamTavrobo seqtorma mimarTos komunikaciebis
erovnul komisias, raTa am ukanasknelma SeimuSavos sis-
tema, romliTac SesaZlebeli iqneba TviTregulirebis
meqanizmTa popularizacia.
130
Tamar Karelidze – Student (MA) at Ilia State University,
Faculty of Arts and Sciences (2nd year)
SELF-REGULATION MECHANISMS IN THE

REGIONAL BROADCASTERS
Self-regulation mechanisms are one of the most important

indicators of democracy and media freedom in media outlets.
They constitute a voluntary system that allows broadcasters to
enhance their self-development.
Different countries have different experiences with
systems of self-regulation. In the Georgian reality, these
mechanisms are not sufficiently effective yet. While studying
national and regional self-regulation bodies, it became clear
that the population does not often apply to them (which is also
reflected in the low number of filed complaints: for instance, in
2013, only two complaints were filed in one TV station out of
21 regional broadcasters, while in 2012 nine complaints were
filed in five TV stations). Effective operation of the mechanism
requires frequent filing of complaints by a “concerned party”,
defined by the the Code of Conduct of Broadcasters as “any
person who is affected by or mentioned in a program or in the
decision of the broadcaster’s self-regulation body”. Although it
is only this “concerned party” that may file a complaint in a
self-regulation body, the non-governmental sector working on
media issues is ready to step in. This study (dealing specifically
with regional broadcasters, unlike the one on national
broadcasters) has highlighted several differing characteristics.
TV viewers’ complaints are also resolved by an
alternative method – by bypassing the self-regulation
mechanism and talking to the relevant journalist, editor, or
131
director of the TV station directly, instead of discussing it
within a self-regulation mechanism. TV stations also express
readiness to receive assistance for ensuring better functioning
of the self-regulation system.
During this study, a part of the media outlets noted that
the majority of plaintiffs submit their complaints to the NGO
“Charter of Journalistic Ethics of Georgia”, instead of applying
to self-regulation mechanisms, because they consider the
Charter to review them more fairly than the TV stations
themselves. The study has also revealed that creating self-
regulation mechanisms is not a priority for regional
broadcasters. The Law on Broadcasting commands
broadcasters to create a similar body, although the provisions
of the law say nothing about how to ensure its effective
functioning. To increase the influence of the self-regulation
mechanisms, the study includes a number of recommendations
that will help media outlets to improve themselves.
132
Tamari mamulaSvili
aRmosavleT evropis universitetis

iuridiuli fakultetis magistra-
turis II kursis studenti
omari margvelaSvili
aRmosavleT evropis universitetis

iuridiuli fakultetis magistra-
turis II kursis studenti
siZulvilis ena mediaSi _ gamoxatvis

Tavisuflebis farglebi
Sesavali
siZulvilis enaze saubari dasavleT evropaSi meore

msoflio omis Semdeg daiwyo, roca saWiro gaxda im ga-
mocdilebisa da arsebuli realobis gaazreba, rac orma
msoflio omma moutana kacobriobas. adamianis konstitu-
ciuri uflebebis darRvevis mravalma faqtma sazogadoe-
bas daanaxa siZulvilis enis ukontrolo xasiaTi, rome-
lic qmnida maTi uflebebis, pativisa da Rirsebis darRve-
vis risks.1
nebismieri naSromi Tu kvleva, romelic siZulvilis
enis problemazea Seqmnili, gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sez-
Rudvis farglebSi, yovelTvis aqtualuria da diskusiis
1
<http://bit.ly/1Lkqwd2> [20.05.2015].
133
mTavar obieqts warmoadgens, Tumca mTeli rigi sakiTxebi
mainc Ria da sadavo rCeba.
siZulvilis enis tiraJireba xdeba yvelgan: socia-
lur qselebSi, sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebSi, pre-
sasa da mediaSi. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces
saqarTvelos telesivrceSi arsebul SouebSi warmoTqmul
diskriminaciul da damamcirebel gamonaTqvamebs konkre-
tuli mowyvladi jgufebis mimarT.
naSromSi warmodgenili da gamokvleuli iqneba si-
Zulvilis enis tiraJirebis faqtebi qarTul mediaSi da
misi gavlena sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebze. moxdeba sa-
kiTxis garkveva, Tu sad gadis zRvari siZulvilis enasa
da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas Soris, vinaidan es ukanaskne-
li demokratiis erT–erTi fundamenturi principia, si-
Zulvilis ena ki gamonaklisia am principis, rogorc misi
samarTlebrivi barieri.
naSromSi saubari iqneba gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis
arsze da misi SezRudvis legitimur safuZvelze siZul-
vilis enis WrilSi, raTa naTlad iqnes danaxuli is
problemebi, rasac siZulvilis enis gamoyeneba uqmnis sa-
zogadoebasa da xalxis konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebul
uflebebs.
mniSvnelovania siZulvilis enis kriminalizaciis sa-
kiTxis ganxilva sxvadasxva midgomis mixedviT, raTa war-
moCndes is realuri upiratesobebi da safrTxeebi, rome-
lic siZulvilis enis kriminalizacias mosdevs. gaazre-
bul iqnes qarTuli realoba - sxvadasxva umciresobaTa
warmomadgenlebis mimarT arsebuli socialuri pozicia
134
Tanamedrove sinamdvileSi da media, rogorc am realo-
bis erT-erTi gamomwvevi mizezi.
kiTxva Tu vin unda aiRos sakuTar Tavze pasuxis-
mgebloba siZulvilis enis gamoyenebis prevenciisTvis
mediaSi, jer kidev gaurkvevelia. aris Tu ara sakiTxis
kriminalizeba gamosavali? am da sxva mniSvnelovani sa-
kiTxebis garkveva saWiroebs Rrma analizs, raTa Camoya-
libebuli iqnas erTiani, saRi da samarTliani midgoma.
Temis ufro Rrma analizisTvis, gamoyenebuli iqneba
statistikuri kvlevis meTodisTvis damaxasiaTebeli me-
Todologiuri safuZvlebi. kerZod, studentTa SerCeva da
maTTan siRrmiseuli interviuebi. miRebuli Sedegebis sa-
fuZvelze moxdeba Sesabamisi daskvnebis gakeTeba, rac
problematuri sakiTxis ganzogadebis SesaZleblobas iZ-
leva. kvlevis mTavari kiTxva mdgomareobs SemdegSi: ram-
denad xSirad esmiT studentebs media saSualebebis mxri-
dan siZulvilis ena da vin unda aiRos sakuTar Tavze pa-
suxismgebloba misi gamoyenebis prevenciisTvis mediaSi?
1. gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis arsi da SezRudvebi
nebismieri uflebis srulfasovnad gamoyenebis-

Tvis mniSvnelovania misi konteqstis sworad gageba da
normis miznidan gamomdinare praqtikaSi misi realiza-
cia.2
2
tuRuSi T., burjanaZe g., SveliZe g., gociriZe g., menabde v., ada-
mianis uflebebi da saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos sa-
marTalwarmoebis praqtika, Tbilisi, 2013, 160.
135
sityvis Tavisufleba adamianis erT-erTi mniSvne-
lovani fundamenturi uflebaa. igi gulisxmobs azris
absolutur Tavisuflebas da mis formirebas nebismieri
saSualebiT, sakuTari damokidebulebisa da grZnobebis
sajarod, daubrkoleblad gamoTqmas.
gamoxatvis Tavisufleba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli
sxva uflebaTa gamoyenebasTan,3 mas mediasamarTalSi
fundamenturi uflebis saxe gaaCnia. 4
gamoxatvis Tavisufleba moicavs iseTi mosazrebis

sajarod dafiqsirebasac, romelic, SesaZloa, miuRebeli
iyos sazogadoebis garkveuli nawilisTvis. Tumca, sa-
xelmwifom unda daicvas moqalaqeTa rogorc „swori“,
ise „araswori“ azri.5
imisTvis, raTa naTlad iqnes gansazRvruli sad ga-
dis zRvari azris gamoxatvasa da siZulvilis enas So-
ris, unda ganisazRvros gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sez-
Rudvis konstituciuri safuZveli.
gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis farglebi izRudeba „Ta-
nazomierebis principze“ dayrdnobiT, raTa Tavidan iqnes
acilebuli sxvaTa uflebebis darRveva. saxelmwifom im
zomiT unda SezRudos gamoxatvis Tavisufleba, rac au-
cilebelia legitimuri miznis misaRwevad, im SemTxveva-
3
oqruaSvili m., kotetiSvili i., gamoxatvis Tavisufleba pirveli
tomi, Tbilisi, 2005, winasityvaoba.
4
jorbenaZe s., baxtaZe u., maWaraZe z., mediasamarTali, Tbilisi,
2014, 81.
5
izoria l., korkelia., kublaSvili k., xubua g., saqarTvelos kon-
stituciis komenatrebi adamianis ZiriTadi uflebani da Tavisuf-
lebani, Tbilisi, 2005, 256.
136
Si, Tu SezRudva legitimur mizans ver aRwevs is da-
uSvebelia.6
legitimur mizanSi ki SesaZlebelia moviazroT sxva
adamianTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacva, romelic
maT mimarT siZulvilis enis gamoyenebis Sedegad SesaZloa
SeizRudos. SezRudva SeiZleba gamoixatos umciresobaTa
pirdapiri diskriminaciiTa da maT mimarT zizRis enis ga-
moyenebiT, Seuracxmyofeli gancxadebebis gakeTebiTa da
CagvriT. aseve rodesac umciresobis romelime warmomadge-
nelze saubaria, rogorc sazogadoebis arasrulfasovan
wevrze. sakuTari azrisa da damokidebulebis gamoxatva
ar unda gaxdes sxvisi uflebis SezRudvis safuZveli.
arasdros unda iyos gamarTlebuli azris gamoxatvis
konstituciur uflebaze apelireba da sakuTari damoki-
debulebis gamarTleba, rodesac igi Seicavs zizRis enas.
2. siZulvilis ena da sazogadoeba

2.1 ra aris siZulvilis ena
siZulvilis enis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli cneba

ar arsebobs.7 sakuTari pozicia siZulvilis enis Sina-
arsze daafiqsira evrokavaSiris ministrTa komitetma
6
ix. tuRuSi T., burjanaZe g., SveliZe g., gociriZe g., menabde v.,
samarTalwarmoebis praqtika, Tbilisi, 2013, 298.
7
interniusi-saqarTvelo, siZulvilis ena saarCevno periodSi, medi-
is monitoringis Semajamebeli Sedegebi, 20 agvisto _ 20 oqtombe-
ri, 2012, Sesavali, <http://www.media.ge/ge/resources/research/
300886/ > [01.09.2015].
137
sakuTar rekomendaciaSi, maTi ganmartebiT „termini „si-
Zulvilis ena“ moiazrebs gamoxatvis yvela formas, ro-
melic avrcelebs, iwvevs, xels uwyobs an amarTlebs
rasobriv SuRls, qsenofobias, antisemitizms an Seuw-
ynareblobaze dafuZnebul SuRlis sxva formebs, dis-
kriminaciisa da umciresobaTa mimarT gamoxatuli
mtrobis CaTvliT.“8
siZulvilis ena aris zizRi da aratoleranturi
damokidebuleba pirovnebisadmi, romelic misgan gansxva-
vebulia. rogorc wesi siZulvilis enis obieqtebs war-
moadgenen umciresobebi, gansakuTrebiT ki, sxva religi-
uri mimdinareobis warmomadgenlebi, aratradiciuli
orientaciis, sxva rasis, kanis feris an SezRuduli Se-
saZleblobis mqone pirebi. xSirad am adamianebis mimarT
adgili aqvs diskriminaciuli damokidebulebis faqtebs,
rac Seuracxyofas ayenebs maT pativsa da Rirsebas,
mxolod imitom rom, isini gansxvavebulebi arian. isini
ar arian umravlesoba. Tumca kanoni maT ar ganasxvavebs
erTmaneTisgan. umravlesobisa da umciresobebis uflebe-
bi Tanabari Rirebulebis mqonea, rasac adasturebs sa-
qarTvelos konstituciis me–14-e muxli, romlis Tanax-
mad yoveli adamiani kanonis winaSe Tanasworia da dauS-
vebelia nebismieri saxis diskriminacia, es ki siZulvi-
lis enis dauSveblobas ukavSirdeba. Tumca konstitu-
ciis Tu sxva sakanonmdeblo regulaciebis miuxedavad
8
evrosabWos ministrTa komitetis CM/Rec(2010)5 rekomendacia
wevri saxelmwifoebis mimarT seqsualuri orientaciisa da gende-
ruli identobis safuZvelze diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg zomebis
Sesaxeb, ganmartebiTi memorandumi.
138
qarTuli sazogadoeba jer kidev aratolerantulia gan-
sxvavebuli azris mimarT.9
2.2 siZulvilis enis gavlena sazogadoebaze
medias didi gavlena aqvs sazogadoebaze. mas SeuZ-

lia fsiqologiuri zemoqmedeba adamianze. is, rac aqam-
de daujereblad migvaCnda mediis daxmarebiT es Cveu-
lebriv movlenadac ki SeiZleba CaiTvalos.10 medias Se-
uZlia erTsa da imave dros mosaxleobazec da xeli-
suflebazec rogorc dadebiTi, aseve uaryofiTi zegav-
lenis moxdena.11 mas SeuZlia sazogadoebis dezinforma-
cia ise, rom adamianTa umetesoba amas verc mixvdes.
gansakuTrebiT regionebSi, sadac informaciis gadamowme-
bis berketebi TiTqmis ar arsebobs. masmedia warmoad-
gens saSualebas adamianTa msoflmxedvelobaze zegavle-
nis moxdenisTvis.12
sazogadoebis is nawili, romelic mediasaSuale-
bebs xSirad adevnebs Tvalyurs, iRebs gadaWarbebul in-
9
ix. interniusi-saqarTvelo, siZulvilis ena saarCevno periodSi,
mediis monitoringis Semajamebeli Sedegebi, 20 agvisto _ 20 oq-
tomberi, 2012, Sesavali,
<http://www.media.ge/ge/resources/research/300886/ > [01.09.2015].
10
<http://bit.ly/1K8WZTt> [21.05.2015].
11
ix. jorbenaZe s., baxtaZe u., maWaraZe z., mediasamarTali, Tbili-
si, 2014, 58.
12
SalikaSvili m., kriminologia, Tbilisi, 2011, 270.
139
formacias danaSaulis Tu sxva anti-sazogadoebrivi
qcevis Sesaxeb da kargavs realobis Sefasebis unars.13
adamianis mier televizorTan didi drois gatare-
ba, mas realobis SegrZnebas ukargavs da gulubryvilod
sjera im alternatiuli realobis da „swavlobs“ im
informacias, romelsac media sTavazobs.14 miuxedavad
amisa, media isev rCeba erTerT mniSvnelovan da moTxov-
nad subieqtad, romelic xels uwyobs individisa da sa-
zogadoebis kavSirs.15
masmedia xSirad sazogadoebis stereotipulad az-
rovnebas uwyobs xels. uaryofiTi damokidebulebebi Tavs
iCens maSin, rodesac diskusiis Tema Seexeba gansxvavebuli
seqsualuri orientaciis mqone adamianebs.16 stereotipu-
li midgomebidan warmoiSoba axali stereotipebi: Tu er-
Tma gansxvavebulma avno, maSin mec SemiZlia vavno.17
3. siZulvilis enis tiraJireba mediaSi
mediis saqmianoba ar aris SeuzRudavi. igi ar un-

da gascdes samarTlebriv farglebs.18 Tumca, saqarTve-
13
ix. jorbenaZe s., baxtaZe u., maWaraZe z., mediasamarTali, Tbilisi,
2014, 160.
14
<http://bit.ly/1SnxCmJ> [20.05.2015] .
15
<http://bit.ly/1doIC3f> [21.05.2015].
16
ix. <http://bit.ly/1K8WZTt> [21.05.2015].
17
<http://www.netgazeti.ge/GE/105/Life/36021/> [21.05.15].
18 saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia, gamoxatvis Tavi-
sufleba saqarTveloSi, 2006 wlis ianvari-2013 wlis seqtemberis

mediis mdgomareobis analizi, 2013, 7.
140
loSi mediasivrce siZulvilis enis erT-erT wamaxali-
sebel faqtorad gvevlineba. xSirad televiziiT ismis
umciresobebis mimarT gamoTqmuli diskriminaciuli Se-
Zaxilebi, aRniSnul jgufebSi gansakuTrebiT moiazreba
rogorc eTnikuri, religiuri ise seqsualuri umcire-
sobebi. aseve adamianebi ar eridebian erTmaneTis mimarT
zizRis enis gamoyenebas. xSirad televiziiT vawydebiT
politikosebis mxridan erTmaneTis misamarTiT gamoT-
qmul mZime Seuracxmyofel gancxadebebs da amas media
yovelgvari xmovani dafarvis saSualebiT, pirdapir gad-
moscems.
mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos beWduri mediis roli si-
Zulvilis enis tiraJirebis procesSi. magaliTad, sa-
qarTveloSi arsebuli erT-erTi yovelkvireuli gazeTi
gajerebulia diskriminaciuli da damamcirebeli saTau-
rebiTa da statiebis SinaarsiT, romlis avtorebic Za-
lian uxeSi formiT gamoxataven sakuTar pozicias, rac
Seuracxmyofeli xdeba adresatisTvis, romlis Sedegad
mravali sasamarTlo procesi imarTeba da marTlmsaju-
lebis gziT es ukanasknelni iZulebulni xdebian, pati-
visa da Rirsebis uflebaze apelirebiT moiTxovon mo-
raluri zianis anazRaureba.
xSirad, swored mediasamarTalis erT-erTi mniSvne-
lovani subieqti, Jurnalisti warmoadgens siZulvilis
enis maprovocirebel mxares. gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca
man kargad icis respodentis damokidebuleba magali-
Tad, eTnikuri umciresobebis mimarT da swored amitom
kiTxvis Sinaarssa da formaze dakvirvebiT ar aris Zne-
li misaxvedri mosalodneli pasuxi, romelic zizRis
141
enis elementebiT iqneba gajerebuli. sakiTxis naTlad
warmoCenisTvis magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT 2014
wlis 26 noembers rusTavi 2-is eTerSi gasuli erT-er-
Ti gadacema, romelSic stumrad iyo mowveuli adamiani,
romelmac iahovas mowmeebis misamarTiT gamoiyena si-
Zulvilis ena, wamyvanma ara marto ar SeaCera stumari,
aramed Tavadac gamoiyena diskriminaciuli terminebi:
“Tqven sityvas maZlevT, rom aq ieRovelebi ar momivar-
debian? meSinia me magaTi”, “kargi qeniT, rom wamoxve-
diT”,“ieRovelebi dazombirebulebi arian?” “Zaan meSinia,
rom ar damagipnozon”. SemdgomSi rusTavi 2-ma da Ta-
vad gadacemis wamyvanma sajarod moixades bodiSi.19
4. siZulvilis enis kriminalizacia
siZulvilis enis kriminalizaciis sakiTxis Rrma

analizisTvis, sainteresoa, gavecnoT rogorc qarTul,
aseve amerikul da evropul midgomebs da davinaxoT maT
Soris fundamenturi gansxvavebebi.
aSS-Si gamoxatvis Tavisufleba absolutur ufle-
badaa aRiarebuli. evropuli samarTlisgan gansxvavebiT,
aSS-Si absoluturoba SeuzRudavi formiT arsebobs.
maT iseT mwvervalze aqvT ayvanili adamianebis gamoxat-
vis Tavisufleba, rom siZulvilis ena ar aris krimina-
lizebuli.20
19
< http://bit.ly/1PD1Jre > [23.05.2015].
20
saqarTvelos demokratiuli iniciativa, siZulvilis enis aRmof-
xvra politikur diskursSi-sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobidan
142
siZulvilis ena dasjadia mxolod maSin, roca
amiT safrTxe eqmneba pirovnebis sicocxlesa da jan-
mrTelobas. evropuli samarTali ki sakiTxs gansxvave-
bulad awesrigebs. gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic zizRis
enis SinaarsiT gamoixateba isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkve-
TiT an ufro msubuqad, fuladi jarimiT. amerikis Se-
erTebuli Statebis uzenaesi sasamarTlos ganmartebiT,
siZulvilis ena dakavSirebulia adamianis pirad Seg-
rZnebebTan da mis aRqmasa da damokidebulebasTan, rom-
lis kanonmeblobis doneze regulacia SeuZlebelia.21
imisda miuxedavad, rom saqarTvelo gaeros konvenci-
as 1999 wels SeuerTda da misgan ramdenjerme miiRo re-
komendacia siZulvilis enis sakanonmdeblo doneze regu-
laciisa da kriminalizaciisTvis, aRniSnulis mowesrige-
bisaTvis qmediTi nabijebi jer kidev ar gadadgmula. rac
Seexeba Cvens qveyanaSi arsebul sakanonmdeblo resursebs,
romelic gamoxatvis Tavisuflebasa da siZulvilis enas
Soris zRvris gavlebaSi gvexmareba TiTqmis ar arsebobs.
garda konstituciis 24-e muxlisa, romelSic gamoxatvis
Tavisuflebasa da misi SezRudvis safuZvlebzea saubari.
normis dispoziciaSi vxvdebiT sityva „Rirsebas“, Tumca
es Canaweri interpretaciisa da Sinaarsis gansxvavebulad
aRqmis SesaZleblobas iZleva. aseve arsebobs kanoni „sit-
yvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb“, romelic me-
dia saSualebebs miuTiTebs, rom ar dauSvan iseTi gancxa-
TviTregulaciis meqanizmebisken, <http://gdi.ge/uploads/other/0/192.pdf>

[23.05.2015], 24.
21
muSkudiani r., gamoxatvis Tavisufleba Tu siZulvilis ena, stu-
denturi konferencia lgbt sakiTxebSi, 2013, 5.
<http://bit.ly/1F6CMdv> [23.05.2015].
143
debebis gavrceleba, romelic Seuracxyofs sazogadoebis
romelime wevrs an jgufs. Tumca prevenciis Tvalsazri-
siT kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs raime seriozul sanqcias.
mxolod TviTregulirebis saSualebiT SeuZliaT proble-
mis aRmofxvra. darRveuli uflebis aRdgena ki saqarTve-
los samoqalaqo kodeqsSi gaTvaliswinebuli moraluri
zianis anazRaurebis saxiT SeiZleba moiTxovos siZulvi-
lis enis obieqtma. Tumca mxolod samoqalaqo kodeqsiT
gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgebloba ar aris sakmarisi
imisTvis, rom siZulvilis ena iqnas acilebuli, amisaTvis
ufro efeqturi pasuxismgeblobis (dasjis) meqanizmebia
saWiro, raTa sasjelma erTis mxriv moaxdinos Sesabamisi
reagireba piris mier ganxorcielebuli qmedebisTvis (ro-
melic arasamarTlebrivad zRudavs zizRis enis obieqtis
konstituciiT miniWebul uflebebs), meores mxriv iqoni-
os prevenciuli xasiaTi, Tu pirs ecodineba, rom mis mi-
er gamoxatul zizRis enas eqneba Sesabamisi reagireba sa-
xelmwifos mxridan da moxdeba misi dasja, is ufro me-
tad daicavs kanons da ar gamoiyenebs siZulvilis enas.
5. kvleva
sainteresoa Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis ganxil-

va, romelic sazogadoebis, gansakuTrebiT studentebis
ganwyobis gagebas emsaxureba mediaSi siZulvilis enis
tiraJirebis faqtebTan dakavSirebiT. kvlevaSi monawi-
leoba miiRo universitetis 100-mde studentma. kiTxve-
bi Semdegi formulirebiT iqna Camoyalibebuli da
144
kvlevis Sedegebi ase gamoiyureba: 1. mogismeniaT Tu ara
diskriminaciuli gancxadebebi televiziiT? ki-76%;
ara-17%; miWirs pasuxis gacema-7%; 2. gansakuTrebiT
umciresobis romeli jgufis mimarT? seqsualuri umci-
resobebi-51%; religiuri-27%; rasobrivi-9% ; yvela
CamoTvlili-8%; arcerTi-5%; 3. uwyobs Tu ara qar-
Tuli televizia xels siZulvilis enis tiraJirebas
sazogadoebaSi? ki-61%; ara-29%; miWirs pasuxis gacema-
10%; 4. vin unda ebrZolos siZulvilis enis tiraJi-
rebas mediaSi? saxelmwifom-54%; mediam-30%; sazogado-
ebam-10%; arasamTavrobo organizaciebma-6%.
kvlevis Sedegebidan gamomdinare naTlad Cans medi-
is roli siZulvilis enis tiraJirebis procesSi. gamo-
kiTxulTa umravlesoba acxadebs, rom televiziiT maT
esmiT zizRis ena, gansakuTrebiT seqsualuri da reli-
giuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebTa mimarT. siZul-
vilis enis tiraJirebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi gamokiT-
xulTa naxevarze meti saxelmwifos mxridan met aqtiu-
robaze miuTiTebs.
6. rekomendacia
siZulvilis enis tiraJirebis aRmofxvris mizniT

aucilebelia, media saSualebebma ganaxorcielon maT mi-
er dasaqmebuli adamianebis, Jurnalistebisa Tu sare-
daqcio jgufisTvis meti informaciis miwodeba proble-
mis arsebobis Taobaze. aseve dawvrilebiT gaacnon is
kanonmdebloba, romelic aregulirebs da icavs adamia-
145
nebs diskriminaciisgan. sasurvelia, media saSualebebma
gaamkacron monitoringi sazogadoebisTvis informaciis
miwodebis formasTan dakavSirebiT da Tavad Seuwyon
xeli xarvezebis aRmofxvras am mimarTulebiT. aseve sa-
Wiroa beWduri mediis saqmianobis sakanonmdeblo regu-
liaciis SemoReba, romelic uzrunvelyofs maTi mxri-
dan adamianis uflebebis daRvevis faqtebis ardaSvebas
da mkacrad gaakontrolebs siZulvilis enis tiraJire-
basa da xels Seuwyobs diskriminaciuli midgomebis
prevencias. sasurvelia, mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb kanonSi
Sevides damatebiTi cvlilebebi, rac uSualod moawes-
rigebs beWduri mediis saqmianobis dauregulirebel as-
peqtebs. aucilebelia, yvela mediis warmomadgenelma
kargad gaiazros Jurnalisturi qartiis mniSvneloba,
gansakuTrebiT ki qartiis me-7–e muxlis konteqsti,
romelic ar aZlevs mas saSualebas eTerSi gaaJReros
diskriminaciuli gamonaTqvamebi an xeli Seuwyos mis
tiraJirebas. pirdapiri eTeris dros igi unda gaemij-
nos siZulvilis enas, xolo Canaweris arsebobis Sem-
TxvevaSi ar gauSvas igi eTeriT.
umTavres iaraRs zizRis enasTan sabrZolvelad ki
adamianTa marTlSegnebis amaRleba warmoadgens, rac am
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT maTi informirebulobiTa da ga-
naTlebiT miiRweva. saxelmwifom da mediam xeli unda
Seuwyon farTomasStabiani saganmanaTleblo kampaniebis
mowyobas siZulvilis enis prevenciisTvis.
146
daskvna
rodesac qveynis mTavari sazrunavi demokratiuli

sazogadoebis Camoyalibebaa, maSin am sazogadoebis umci-
resobaTa uflebebi iseve unda iyos daculi, rogorc
umravlesobis. sakanonmdeblo resursis simwire siZul-
vilis enisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas Soris zRva-
ris gavlebas isev arTulebs. Sesabamisad, sakuTari
Rirsebisa da uflebebis dacvac rTuldeba. rodesac um-
ravlesoba xedavs, rom maT mier umciresobisamdi gamo-
xatul Seuracxmyofel gancxadebebs Sesabamisi pasu-
xismgebloba ar mohyveba, isini ar eridebian zizRis
enis gamoyenebas da Sesabamisad amiT xdeba erTgvari wa-
xaliseba diskriminaciuli da aratolerantuli damoki-
debulebis. sabolood viRebT suraTs, Tu rogor SeiZ-
leba adamianis konstituciuri uflebis darRveva gamo-
iwvios gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis farglebis ugulve-
belyofam.
aris Tu ara media siZulvilis enis tiraJirebis
xelSemwyobi? am kiTxvas pasuxi naSromSi moyvanilma
kvlevis Sedegebma naTlad gasca. aseve moyvanili msje-
lobebidan gamomdinare gamoikveTa aSkara safuZveli si-
Zulvilis enis kriminalizaciis kuTxiT. adamianis pati-
visa da Rirsebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qmedebebisa da
gancxadebebis winaaRmdeg brZola sakanonmdeblo regu-
laciebis SemoRebiT yvelaze efeqtur gzad rCeba. evro-
puli gamocdilebis gaTvaliswineba ki aRniSnuli mimar-
Tulebis prioritetulobas kidev erTxel adasturebs.
147
Tamari Mamulashvili – Student (MA) at the East European
University, Faculty of Law (2nd year)
Omari Margvelashvili – Student (MA ) at the East European

University, Faculty of Law (2nd year)
HATE SPEECH IN THE MEDIA – THE LIMITS OF

THE RIGHT TO EXPRESSION
This research involves hate speech facts in Georgian

media, its consequences and influence on society. The study
highlights the concept and legitimate limitation of the Right to
Expression and draws upon the perspective of hate speech
criminalization in the Georgian legal sphere.
Freedom of Expression is the inevitable prerequisite for
the existence of a democratic country. Correspondingly, one of
the obligations of the state is to enable each citizen to express
his/her opinion freely. Therefore, it is of course necessary to
defend the constitutionally guaranteed Right to Expression.
But Freedom of Expression is at times limited by “the
principle of proportionality” in order to avoid the violation of
other people’s rights. The state then has to limit the Freedom of
Expression to achieve a legitimate goal. In practice, human
rights are often violated through hate speech as a derogation of
dignity and honor. In Georgian reality, media turns out to be
one of the main distributors of hate speech popularization.
Discriminative remarks against minorities are frequently
broadcasted and not only do common people dare to use hate
speech, but often even the journalists seem to take over hate
speech and provocative sides.
To eradicate hate speech and foster impartial journalism, it is
necessary for media and the state to realize the existence of this
problem and its causes. Majority and minority constitutional rights
should be equally defended by media and the state.
148

მედია სამართალი და ეთიკა

Cargado por

Información del documento

Título original

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

მედია სამართალი და ეთიკა

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

media, samarTali da eTika

samecniero studenturi konferenciis

`media, samarTali da eTika~ 2015 wlis 4-5 ivniss,

gamocema gankuTvnilia studentebisTvis, mecniere-

samecniero redaqtorebi: kaxaber mWedliSvili

ydis dizaini: dimitri gegenava

naSromebis krebulad gamocema akademiurad uzrunvelyo

krebuli gamodis doiCe vele akademiis finansuri mxar-

gamomcemloba `universali~, 2015

saqarTveloSi sityvis Tavisuflebis da ganaTlebis

Tbilisi, seqtemberi 2015

The role and responsibility of the media is subject to the

Bonn, September 2015

Michael Flesch, LL.M.

sareklamo dro da misi dacva

(saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris asocirebis Sesaxeb

2015 wlis 1 aprilidan ZalaSi Sevida „mauwyeblo-

1. sareklamo dro da misi dacva saqarTvelos

sareklamo dro, aris drois monakveTi mauwyeblis

2 igive kanoni, muxli 2, punqti „n“, aseve, muxli 64 punqti 11.

2015 wlis pirveli aprilidan ZalaSi Sevida „ma-

zoiZe 60 saiubileo gamocema, daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis

2. sakuTrebis uflebis dacva saqarTvelos

saqarTvelos konstituciis 21-e muxliT sakuTre-

#2/1-370,382,390,402,405 gadawyvetileba saqmeze saqarTvelos mo-

qalaqeebi zaur elaSvili, suliko maSia, rusudan gogia da sxvebi

vris #2/36–7 gadawyvetileba saqmeze iuri kirakosiani, spiridon

sis #1/14/184,228 gadawyvetileba, saqmeSi „saqgazi“ da „anajgufi“

vris #2/1/187–188 gadawyvetileba saqmez Sps „airzena saqarTvelos

vris #1/1/107 gadawyvetileba lela inwkirveli da ekaterine CaCa-

li obieqti adamianis uflebaTa dacvis evropuli sasa-

23 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2005 wlis 28 ivli-

veli muxli: sakuTrebis dacva 1) yovel fizikur an iuridiul pirs

29 papuaSvili s., sakuTrebis uflebis SezRudvis samarTlebrivi

3. sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi, rogorc mauwyeblebis

evropulma sasamarTlom saqmeSi sporongi da lo-

Zveli regulaciiT axali regulaciiT

ADVERTISING TIME AND ITS PROTECTION BY THE

On April 1, 2015, the amendments to the Georgian Law

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

sad gadis zRvari informaciis

gamoxatvis Tavisufleba da piradi da ojaxuri

1.1 piradi cxovrebis pativiscemisa da informaciis

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos praq-

1.2 pirveli Taobis saqmeebi – gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis

1980-iani wlebidan 2000 wlamde ganxilul saqme-

Zveli midgomisagan gansxvavebiT, 2000 wlidan ada-

1.4 Tanamedrove tendenciebi – retrograduli

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos bolo

2. anglo-amerikul samarTalSi damkvidrebuli xedva

2.1 piradi sferos pativiscemis ufleba inglisis

inglisSi sakmaod mwiria iseTi kanonmdebloba, ro-

amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi informaciis Tavi-

and Sexurity Information: An Examination of Tribune-Review Publishing

amrigad, piradi cxovreba da gamoxatvis Tavisuf-

WHERE DO YOU DRAW THE LINE BETWEEN THE

Freedom of expression as well as the right to protect

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

religiuri Tematika da eTikuri

religiuri sakiTxebis gaSuqeba imgvar TemaTa rigs

1saxalxo damcvelis angariSi 2014, saqarTveloSi adamianis ufle-

1. profesiuli standarti da eTikis normebi

bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi religiuri