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‟DUEMDFT BCHPIJPÆGCDFT EM EO
^EPÜ -
6. CMXPIHUDDCÔ M
Tejü m (Jucooerai Dfmi y Lifquám Oô pez) Of duemdf bchrijrægcdf estæ dimstctuchf pir eo
terrctirci que heocactf eo dursi he um rái y eo espfdci himhe se dioedtf eo fjuf que dimverje
bfdcf um acsai dfude, es pir hedcroi he umf afmerf aæs dofrf es tihf fqueoof supergcdce
que dufmhi ooueve eo fjuf dfe f um dfude i f umf duemdf diai of he of afmi; esf æref i
vfsi he dfptfdcô m es umf duemdf i es eo æref hremfhf pir um rái.
Dfhf duemdf bchrijrægcdf, sus redursis mfturfoes y bf`ctfmtes piseem dimhcdcimes gáscdfs,
`cioô jcdfs, edimô acdfs, sidcfoes y duoturfoes que oes dimgcerem dfrfdterástcdfs pfrtcduofres f
dfhf umf, capirtfmtes pfrf dimscherfrofs diai umchfhes he pofmcgcdfdcô m.
Estfs he`eráfm ser ois ocactes mfturfoes pir ois dufoes rejcrse ois bfdehires he oeyes fo
aiaemti he drefr emtchfhes geherfoes, aumcdcpcis, diaumfs i dufoqucer itrf
giraf he irjfmczfdcô m, oi dufo peractcráf pofmcgcdfr he giraf cmtejrfhf eo espfdci,
dimscherfmhi eo scsteaf diai um tihi.
Dfhf duemdf es diai um ser vcvi, pirque fpfrte he ser ü mcdf, piheais hedcr que tceme, pfrf
ois ráis que of girafm um æref he mfdcacemti (Duemdf fotf), um sedtir himhe drede
y reprihude (Duemdf aehcf< eo rái fhqucere afyir jrisir y bfstf se `cgurdf) y um sctci
himhe auere i hesea`idf (Duemdf `flf).
0. DUEMDFT BCHPIJPÆGCDFT
0.6. ¹VUÃ ET UMF DUEMDF9
Xerrctirci duyfs fjufs fgouyem tihfs f um acsai rái, ofji i afr.
Es eo æref que idupf eo rci.
0.0. BCHPIJPÆGCDF I BCHPIJPFGÁF.
^frte he of jeijrfgáf gáscdf que trftf he of hesdrcpdcô m he ofs fjufs heo
joi`i terrestre.
Dimlumti he ofs fjufs he um pfás i rejcô m.
0.4. ^FPXET HE UMF DUEMDF
Duemdf fotf< Dirrespimhe f of zimf himhe mfde eo rái, eo dufo se hespofzf pir umf
jrfm pemhcemte.
Duemdf aehcf< ^frte he of duemdf em of dufo bfy um equcoc`rci emtre eo aftercfo
sô ochi que ooejf trfáhi pir of dirrcemte y eo aftercfo que sfoe. Wcsc`oeaemte mi
bfy eriscô m.
Duemdf
hepisctf `flf< ^frte
em oi que se he of duemdf
oofaf dimi heemheyeddcô
of dufo m.
eo aftercfo extrfáhi he of pfrte fotf se
Gumdcô m fa`cemtfo
Dimstctuyem suacheris he DI0.
Fo`erjf `fmdis he jeraipofsaf.
Pejuof of redfrjf báhrcdf y ois dcdois `cijeiquáacdis.
Dimservf of `cihcverschfh.
Afmtceme of cmtejrchfh y of hcverschfh he ois sueois.
Gumdcô m sidciedimô acdf
Tuacmcstrf redursis mfturfoes pfrf eo hesfrriooi he fdtcvchfhes prihudtcvfs que
Hfm sustemti f of pi`ofdcô m.
^rivee he um espfdci pfrf eo hesfrriooi sidcfo y duoturfo he of sidcehfh.
T m of s d u a ` re s h e o d f h e m f i d d ch e m t f o h e o i s
rái s v f m f p f rf r y f s e f f o I d ã f m i ^ fd á g c d i i f o I
F m h e s of s q u e h eg c m m s c of s f j u f s h e oi s
d ã f m i F to æ m t c d i p i r es t f r f z ô m f e s t f oá m e f
he dua`res se oe hemiacmf of hcvcsircf dimtcmemtfo. Em eo Tur heo pfás ois Fmhes se f`rem f
afmerf he his jrfmhes `rfzis que i`ocjfm f ois dursis f emtrejfr sus fjufs em eo ofji heo
Xctcdfdf, f eooi se oe oofaf duemdf derrfhf u biyf, he fbá eo mia`re he biyf heo Xctcdfdf.
8.6. DOFTCGCDFDCÔ M HE OFT DUEMDFT BCHPIJPÆGCDFT HEO ^EPÜ
Excstem tres jrfmhes fjrupfdcimes he duemdfs bchrijrægcdfs em eo ^erü
oofafhfs
dim pripcehfh vertcemtes<
f) Of duemdf heo ^fdcgcdi,
`) Of duemdf heo Ftoæmtcdi
d) Of duemdf heo ofji Xctcdfdf.
8.6.6. OF WEPXCEMXE HEO ^FDCGCDI
Estæ dimstctuchf pir 54 ráis que gouyem he mireste f surieste, dim exdepdcô m heo rci Tfmtf,
que tceme um rua`i cmcdcfo mirieste. Xceme umf oimjctuh he 4.>:3,5 ka, um fmdbi priaehci
he 66> ka y umf extemscô m he 0:3.723 ka. que du`re eo 06,:% heo terrctirci perufmi.
Of afyiráf he sus ráis mfdem em ois fmhes perufmis, fumque eo \fruacoof y eo Dbcrf mfdem
em ois fmhes eduftircfmis. Of afyiráf he sus ráis presemtfm umf duemdf exirrecdf, fumque
bfy fojumis que sim frrecdis diai eo he Cdf, Jrfmhe, etd.
Ofs duemdfs he estis ráis fodfmzfm of jrfm hcvcsircf dimtcmemtfo (em este dfsi of dfhemf
iddchemtfo he of Dirhcooerf he ois Fmhes), se mutrem he ofs predcpctfdcimes estfdcimfoes
que dfem em ois gofmdis iddchemtfoes he ois Fmhes y se ircjcmfm si`re ois 8.>>> a.s.m.a.
Tim tirremtisis he`chi f of guerte cmdocmfdcô m heo terremi (pemhcemte) pir himhe trfmsctfm. S
pir ser tirremtisis ois bfde mi mfvejf`oes exdeptufmhi f ois hepirtes diai eo dfmitfle. Mi
sim dfuhfoisis, es hedcr, mi frrfstrfm jrfmhes dfmtchfhes he fjuf
fumque su viouaem fuaemtf em ãpidfs he dredchf i rcfhf.
Xcemem um rãjcaem crrejuofr y tirremtisi que prihude heo 7> f6 :>% he of hesdfrjf titfo
fmufo emtre hcdcea`re y afrzi dim percihis he estcfle i sequcf eo resti heo fö i.
Em estf vertcemte se emduemtrfm ofs duemdfs dim afyir heafmhf he fjuf heo pfás, scemhi eo
usi fjrádiof eo prehiacmfmte. Pepresemtf eo 0% he ofs fjufs mfdcimfoes.
8.6.0. OF WEPXCEMXE HEO FAF\IMFT I HEO FXOÆMXCDI
Estf vertcemte, que fpirtf of titfochfh he sus fjufs fo rci Fafzimfs, f`frdf um æref he
357.:56ka0, que scjmcgcdf eo :8,5% he of extemscô m heo pfás. Ofs duemdfs prcmdcpfoes em su
pfrte mirte sim ofs heo Udfyfoc, Afrfö ô m y Bufoofjf. Este ü otcai es fgouemte heo Afrfö ô m,
que se ume dim eo Udfyfoc derdf heo pue`oi he Mfutf, em Oireti, girafmhi eo jrfm
Fafzimfs.
Eo sur he estf vertcemte estf hremfhi pir of duemdf heo Afhre he Hcis, que vcerte su dfuhfo
fo Fafzimfs f trfvãs heo rci @emc em terrctirci he @iocvcf, eo dufo f su vez hesea`idf em
eo @rfsco. Ois ráis he estf vertcemte se ircjcmfm tfa`cãm si`re 6is 8.>>> asma y estæm
focaemtfhis pir ofs guertes predcpctfdcimes que idurrem hurfmte eo verfmi y prihudem
dfuhfoes he diapirtfacemti crrejuofr dim dredchfs mitf`oes emtere idtu`re y afrzi, dim um
percihi he vfdcfmte eo resti heo fö i que se primumdcf em giraf mitircf jemerfoaemte
em
luoci y fjisti.
Eo reoceve he estf vertcemte es vfrcf`oe, hcgeremdcæmhise his zimfs< umf pir emdcaf he of
ditf he 6is 6.>>> a.s.m.a., he gcscijrfgáf esdfrpfhf y fofrjfhf, he gimhi
prigumhi,
que`rfhi y he guertes pemhcemtes que ircjcmfm ráis tirremtisis que em sus pfrtes fmhcmfs
aæs erisc`oes i susdeptc`oes he ser eriscimfhfs dfptfm of afyir pfrte he ois sehcaemtis que
ooejfm f6 Ftoæmtcdi pir eo Fafzimfs. Te estcaf que um 3>% he estis privcemem he ois
Fmhes. Of itrf pfrte se u`cdf pir he`fli he of ditf cmhcdfhf y fooá of tipijrfgáf, fumque
cmcdcfoaemte fddchemtfhf, es audbi aemis esdfrpfhf y he hesmcveo jrfhufo, hfmhi oujfr f
dursis gouvcfoes tremzfmtes, aeæmhrcdis i he durvfs derrfhfs em 6is dfudes, i tfa`cãm
acxtis em sus pfrtes aæs `flfs.
Tus ráis sim fmhcmi-fafzô mcdis, sim ois aæs ofrjis heo terrctirci mfdcimfo, sim he rãjcaem
rejuofr temcemhi um afyir cmdreaemti heo dfuhfo em teapirfhf he oouvcfs, emtre hcdcea`re
y afrzi. ^resemtf um jrfm pitemdcfo bchrieoãdtrcdi dim ofs afyires demtrfoes bchrieoãdtrcdfs
y presemtfm umf f`umhfmdcf bchri`cioô jcdf afyir que of he tihfs ofs espedces heo idãfmi
F to æ m t c i . O f m f v e j f d c ô m g ou v c f o s e d i m d e m t r f
Of h cg c du o tf h p f r f v cf l f r p i r v á f s t e r r e s tr e s d i
e m o f d u e m d f f a f z ô m cd f y e m e o o fj i X c tc d f d f .
m v c e r t e f o i s r á is e m u m f e g c d f z r e h h e 5 > . > > >
kcoô aetris he váfs he trfmspirte em eo ircemte perufmi. Jrfdcfs f ofs fjufs dimtcmemtfoes se
refoczf, fheaæs heo cmterrejcimfo, um capirtfmte diaerdci
cmtermfdcimfo dim @rfsco, Edufhir y Dioia`cf
Cquctis, f ircoofs heo Fafzimfs, es eo prcmdcpfo puerti gouvcfo heo ^erü , fpti pfrf mfves he
jrfmhes timeofles. Oe scjuem em capirtfmdcf ^udfoopf, f ircoofs heo rái
Udfyfoc, y Surcafjufs, em eo rái Bufoofjf. ^uerti Afohimfhi es of teracmfo he of rejcô m
Afhre he Hcis. Xfa`cã m giraf pfrte he of reh gouvcfo ois ráis Afrfö ô m, hespuã s heo
pimji he Afmsercdbe, Xcjre, Mfpi, ^utuafyi y Sfvfrá, emtre itris.
8.6.4. OF WEPXCEMXE HEO OFJI XCXCDFDF
Estæ girafhf pir hide ráis prcmdcpfoes he hremfle rfhcfo y es diapfrtchf pir ^erü y @iocvcf.
Ois dfudes sim scmuisis em su pfrte fotf y rfhcfo em su zimf `flf. Dimscherfmhi of
supergcdce heo ofji, que se bfoof f umf eoevfdcô m priaehci he 4.2>3 asma, estf vertcemte
tceme 82.::5 ka0, oi que scjmcgcdf 4,2% heo terrctirci perufmi. Ois ráis presemtfm um dursi
dirti pues eo he afyir oimjctuh, eo Pfacs, fpemfs ooejf f temer umis 40> ka. Of pemhcemte
es auy primumdcfhf em eo dursi supercir he ois ráis pir oi que sim tirremtisis, acemtrfs que
em su dursi cmgercir su pemhcemte mi es dimscherf`oe, yf que se hespofzfm pir of aesetf heo
Dioofi.
Es umf duemdf emhirrecdf, pues mcmjumi he ois ráis ooejf f temer sfochf fo afr, Eo rái
Hesfjufheri que es eo ü mcdi egouemte hesfjuf em eo ofji ^iipô (Fuoofjfs) que es he fjufs
sfofhfs y estæ em pridesi he extcmdcô m.
Eo ircjem he tihis ois ráis estf emtre 6is 8.>>> y 7.>>> a.s.m.a., sfovi eo heo
rci Hesfjufheri, que hremf eo ofji bfdcf terrctirci `iocvcfmi. Ofs predcpctfdcimes em of
zimf sim afrdfhfaemte estfdcimfoes, ircjcmfmhi tápcdis esdurrcacemtis crrejuofres y
tirremtisis que dimdemtrfm he hcdcea`re f f`rco emtre eo 7> y eo 2>% he ofs
hesdfrjfs fmufoes,
presemtæmhise eo resti heo fö i sequcfs extreafs.
Eo reoceve he ofs duemdfs es vfrcfhi, dim his zimfs tápcdfs< umf fotf y esdfrpfhf he gimhi
prigumhi y que`rfhi y he pemhcemte eoftcvfaemte guerte; y itrf `flf, audbi aæs
pofmf,
pidi esdfrpfhf, fofrjf- hf, he hesmcveo `fli y jrfhufo y dfude fmdbi y prigumhi.
Ois ráis tcemem su mfdcemte emtre ofs dirhcooerfs he Dfrf`fyf y Wiodæmcdf. Em dufmti f ois
redursis cdtcioô jcdis, piheais aemdcimfr f of trudbf y eo sudbe diai ofs prcmdcpfoes
espedces he dimsuai.
O f s f d d ci m e s d i i r h c m f h f s q u e e o b ia ` r e r
gi r a f h i p i r u m f d u e m d f , y o f h cm æ a cd f h e
e f oc z f d i m s ch e r f m h i s u e g e d t i e m s cs t e a f f tu
h cd b i s c st e a f , t ce m e h c g e r e m t e s d i m m i t f dc i me s .
rf o
E m jemerfo hcdbf diirhcmfdcô m he fddcimes bf schi dftfoijfhf pir eo
futir heo
presemte trf`fli diai fddcimes he jestcô m f mcveo he duemdfs i scapoeaemte he jestcô m he
duemdfs. Estfs fdtcvchfhes he jestcô m tcemem hcgeremtes i`letcvis pir oi dufo
redc`em hcgeremtes mia`res. Ois i`letcvis aæs dimidchis sim<
Hesfrriooi he duemdfs, hesfrriooi cmtejrfhi he duemdfs.
Afmeli he duemdfs, irhemfacemti he duemdfs.
Hesfrriooi he redursis báhrcdis, fhacmcstrfdcô m heo fjuf.
^riteddcô m he duemdfs, reduperfdcô m he duemdfs.
7. PEGEPEMDCF @C@OCIJPÆGCDF
Bufpfyf, G. (Ge`reri 0>>3). Diapemhci Fdfhãacdi he Jeijrfgáf. Ehct.< Jrfgcdf
Bufafmjf. FSFDUDBI-^EPÜ
HIUPILEFMMC, F. (6338). ^ioátcdfs ^ü `ocdfs ^frf eo Hesfrriooi Tustemtf`oe< Of
jestcô m Cmtejrfhf he Duemdfs.
ACMCTXEPCI HE FJPCDUOXUPF. (6322). Pejofaemti he
Irjfmczfdcô m
y Gumdcimes heo ^rijrfaf Mfdcimfo heo Afmeli he Duemdfs y Dimservfdcô m he
Tueois. Ocaf, ^erü .