Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Perianales complejas
Dr. José Antonio Estruga G.
Mayo 2020
Objetivos
• Generalidades
• Etiologia
• Ubicación
• Evaluación inicial
• Estudio
• Estrategias de manejo
• Conclusiones
Generalidades
• Etiologia:
Cologne K., Langenfeld S. “Management of Anorectal Abscess and Fistula” Elsevier, 2020
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Generalidades
Cologne K., Langenfeld S. “Management of Anorectal Abscess and Fistula” Elsevier, 2020
Generalidades
• Epidemiologia
• 2:1 hombre/mujer
• Transesfinterianas que comprometen mas del 30% del esfinge externo, (supraesfinterianas,
extraesfinteriana, disposición en herradura)
• Fistulas rectovaginales
• Complejas: fístulas que involucran compromiso alto entre vagina y recto, comunicación amplia
o extensa, o esta asociado a radiación, cancer o secundario a complicación de cirugía pélvica.
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Evaluación inicial
• Diagnostico usualmente basado en historia clínica y examen físico.
• TACTO RECTAL: puede verse limitado por el dolor. Se debe buscar hipotonía de
esfínter anal y masas.
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Evaluación Inicial
• Regla de Goodsall
Cologne K., Langenfeld S. “Management of Anorectal Abscess and Fistula” Elsevier, 2020
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Estudio
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Estudio
TC 77 % 70 %
US endoanal 73-100%
RM 93 % 90 %
Fistulografia
92% trayecto 2rio
88% abscesos
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones de Manejo
Abscesos Anorectales
Recomendaciones de Manejo Abscesos
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones
Recomendacionesde
deManejo
Manejo Abscesos
Previene
• Drenaje abscesos supraelevadores
formación de
fistulas complejas
• Originados por extension de absceso interesfinteriano
se drenan por apertura en pared rectal
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones
Recomendacionesde
deManejo
Manejo Abscesos
• Absceso en Herradura
Previene
formación de
• Tecnica de Hanley fistulas complejas
Cologne K., Langenfeld S. “Management of Anorectal Abscess and Fistula” Elsevier, 2020
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones
Recomendacionesde
deManejo
Manejo Abscesos
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Jacob TJ, Perakath B, Keighley MR “Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (Review)” Cochrane Review (2010)
Recomendaciones
Recomendacionesde
deManejo
Manejo Abscesos
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Jacob TJ, Perakath B, Keighley MR “Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (Review)” Cochrane Review (2010)
Recomendaciones de Manejo
Fístulas Perianales
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas
• 90% de éxito
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones
Recomendacionesde
deManejo
ManejoFistulas
• Exito 66-87%
Jacob TJ, Perakath B, Keighley MR “Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (Review)” Cochrane Review (2010)
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones
Recomendacionesde
deManejo
ManejoFistulas
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas
• Setón
• Inicialmente se puede usar setón para controlar cuadro séptico y asegurar drenaje
• Controlado cuadro séptico esta validado el uso de setón de corte para manejo de fistula complejas de
origen criptoglandular.
• Estudio 200 pacientes donde se ajusta setón cada 6-8 semanas como preparación para
fistulotomía definitiva
• Éxito 94%
Jacob TJ, Perakath B, Keighley MR “Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (Review)” Cochrane Review (2010)
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas
Charrua L. et all. “Seton de corte en el tratamiento de fístula anal compleja” Cirugía y cirujanos (2007) 75: 351-356
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas
Charrua L. et all. “Seton de corte en el tratamiento de fístula anal compleja” Cirugía y cirujanos (2007) 75: 351-356
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas
• Tapon biologico
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas
Azizi, Rasoul & Mohammadipour, Saman. (2014). New Techniques in Anal Fistula Management. Annals of Colorectal Research. 2. 10.17795/acr-17769.
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas
• Pegamento de fibrina
Jacob TJ, Perakath B, Keighley MR “Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (Review)” Cochrane Review (2010)
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Gisbertz, Suzanne & Sosef, Meindert & Festen, Sebastiaan & Gerhards, Michael. (2005). Treatment of fistulas in ano with fibrin glue. Digestive surgery. 22. 91-4.
Recomendaciones de Manejo
Fístulas Rectovaginales
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas Rectovaginales
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas Rectovaginales
• Setón de drenaje
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas Rectovaginales
• Setón de drenaje
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas Rectovaginales
• Lowry et al (1988):
• Frente a falla, esta técnica a con múltiples colgajos alcanza éxito de 93%.
• Pacientes con incontinencia fecal previa presentan tasa de éxito hasta de 84%
con esfinteroplastia
Jacob TJ, Perakath B, Keighley MR “Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (Review)” Cochrane Review (2010)
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas Rectovaginales
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas Rectovaginales
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas Rectovaginales
• Episioproctotomía
• Puede ser usada para manejo de daño extenso de esfínter anal en fístulas
de causa obstétrica o criptoglandular.
• Hull et al
• 50 pacientes
Jacob TJ, Perakath B, Keighley MR “Surgical intervention for anorectal fistula (Review)” Cochrane Review (2010)
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas Rectovaginales
Valente MA, Hull TL. Contemporary surgical management of rectovaginal fistula in Crohn's disease. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2014; 5(4): 487-495
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas Rectovaginales
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas Rectovaginales
James W. Et al ”Gracilis pull-through flap for the repair of a recalcitrant recto-vaginal fistula” Arch Plast Surg. 2019;46(3):277-281
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas Rectovaginales
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas Rectovaginales
• Epiplon
• Colgajo endorectal
• Colgajo gluteo
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Recomendaciones de Manejo Fistulas Rectovaginales
Vogel J. Et all. “ Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of anorectal abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula” American Society of Colon &
Rectum Surgeons. Diseases od the Colon & Rectum Vol 59:12 (2016)
Conclusiones
• Fistulas abscesos y fistulas perianales sin una patología frecuente.
• Recordar que de ser posible los abscesos y fistulas complejas deben ser
manejados por especialistas.
“Muchas gracias”