GREETINGS AND FAREWELLS

GREETINGS (SALUDOS)
 Good morning. - Buenos días.
 Good afternoon. - Buenas tardes.
 Good evening. - Buenas noches.
 Hello.- (más formal)
 Hi.- (menos formal)
 Hey.- (muy informal) - Hola.

HOW ARE YOU? - ¿Cómo estás?/¿Cómo está Ud.?

HOW ARE YOU ALL? - ¿Cómo están Uds.?

Responses (respuestas)

 I am. - estoy...
 good/fine/well - bien
 bad/not well - mal
 very good/very well - muy bien
 pretty good/quite well - bastante bien
 not very good/not very well - no muy bien
 okay/so-so - regular
 terrible/really bad - terrible
 Fine, and you? / Good, and you? - Bien, ¿y tú?/Bien, ¿y usted?
 Fine, and you all? - Bien, Bien, ¿y ustedes?

GOOD-BYES/FAREWELLS (DESPEDIDAS)
 Good-bye./Bye. - Adiós.
 Good night. - Buenas noches.(Dormir)
 See you later. - Hasta luego./Nos vemos. (o I’ll see you later., etc.)
 See you tomorrow. - Hasta mañana.
 See you soon. - Hasta pronto.
 See you then. - Hasta entonces.
 Take care. - Cuídate./Cuídese./Cuidaos./Cuídense. (o más informalmente Take it
easy.)
 So long- Hasta luego

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

POLITE WORDS/EXPRESSIONS
(PALABRAS/FRASES CORTESES)

 yes - sí
 no - no
 I think so./I believe so. - Creo que sí.
 I don't think so.- Creo que no.
 Maybe.- tal vez/quizá(s)
 Welcome (to)...! - ¡Bienvenido/Bienvenida/Bienvenidos/Bienvenidas (a)...!
 Come in!/Please, come in! - ¡Pasa!/¡Pase!/¡Pasad!/¡Pasen! (para entrar en la casa)
 thank you/thanks - gracias
 thank you very much - muchas gracias
 thanks a million! - ¡mil gracias!
 I'm very grateful. - Estoy muy agradecido(a).
 Please. - Por favor.
 Gladly! - ¡Con mucho gusto!
 Congratulations! - ¡Felicidades!/¡Felicitaciones!/Enhorabuena!
 I'm sorry. - Lo siento./Perdón./Disculpe. (o más informalmente Sorry)
 I'm very sorry. - Lo siento mucho.
 Excuse me. - Perdón./Con permiso.
 It's okay./It's all right. - Está bien.
 Everyth ing's okay/all right. - Todo está bien.

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

COLOURS

 beige beige, beis

 black negro
 blue azul
 brown marrón
 fuchsia fucsia
 golden dorado
 green verde
 grey gris
 orange naranja
 pink rosa
 purple morado
 red rojo
 silver plateado
 sky blue azul celeste
 violet violeta
 white blanco
 yellow amarillo

dark = oscuro → dark blue, dark green, dark brown...

light = claro → light blue, light green, light brown...

THE ENGLISH ALPHABET 

A: /éi/ J: /yéi/ S: /es/

B: /bi/ K: /kéy/ T: /ti/
C: /si/ L: /el/ U: /iú/
D: /di/ M: /em/ V: /vi/
E: /i/ N: /en/ W: /dábl-iú/
F: /ef/ O: /óu/ X: /ex/
G: /yi/ P: /pi/ Y: /wái/
H: /éich/ Q: /kiú/ Z: /zed/ (UK); /Zsi/(USA)
I: /ái/ R: /ar/

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

THE NUMBERS IN ENGLISH
 

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

DAYS OF THE WEEK

English Español
Sunday Domingo
Monday Lunes
Tuesday Martes
Wednesday Miércoles
Thursday Jueves
Friday Viernes
Saturday Sábado

12 MONTHS OF THE YEAR

English Español
January Enero
February Febrero
March Marzo
April Abril
May Mayo
June Junio
July Julio
August Agosto
September Septiembre
October Octubre
November Noviembre
December Deciembre

SEASONS OF THE YEAR

English Español
Spring Primavera
Summer Verano
Autumn / Fall Otoño
Winter Invierno

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Los pronombres personales

I yo

you tú / usted

he él

she ella

it eso / aquello

you ustedes
(plural)

we nosotros / -as

they ellos / ellas

In English the use of “I” is always capital when talking about the first person singular.
En inglés el uso de “I” siempre es mayúscula cuando se refiere a la primera persona.

The use of “you” is formal and informal and can be singular or plural.
El uso de “you” es formal e informal y puede ser singular o plural.

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

 THE SIMPLE PRESENT OF THE VERB TO BE

The simple present of the verb to be

THE VERB TO BE
The verb to be is the most important verb in the English language. It is difficult to use
because it is an irregular verb in almost all of its forms.  In the simple present tense, to be is
conjugated as follows:

Affirmative forms of the verb  to be

Subject Pronouns Full Form Contracted Form
I am 'm
you are 're
he/she/it is 's
we are 're
you are 're
they are 're

Interrogative forms of the verb to be:

A I?
m
Ar you?
e
Is he/she/it?
Ar we?
e
Ar you?
e
Ar they?
e

Negative Forms of the verb to be:

Subject Pronouns Full Form Contracted Form
I am not 'm not
you are not aren't
he/she/it is not isn't
we are not aren't
you are not aren't
they are not aren't

Examples:

 Is Brad Pitt French?

 No, he isn't. He's American.
 What about Angelina Joli? Is she American, too?
 Yes, she is. She is American.
 Are brad Pitt and Angelina Joli French?
 No, They aren't. They are American.

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

Use of the simple present of to be

The principal use of the simple present is to refer to an action or event that takes place
habitually, but with the verb "to be" the simple present tense also refers to a present or
general state, whether temporary, permanent or habitual.

 I am happy.
 She is helpful.

The verb to be in the simple present can be also used to refer to something that is true at the
present moment.

 She is 20 years old.

 He is a student.

PASADO SIMPLE DE "BE":

ORACIONES CON WAS / WERE
Oraciones afirmativas de pasado del verbo "to be"


 Notese que el auxiliar en pasado "was" se usa únicamente con aquellos

pronombres singulares, es decir, que hacen referencia a una sola persona, en
cambio el auxiliar "were" es usado con pronombres en plural (You es tomado
de esta forma porque además de "Tú o Usted" también refiere a "Ustedes").

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

  Ejemplos de oraciones afirmativas de pasado "to be"

 Ejemplos "ser":
 I was a student of this school            (Yo era un estudiante de esta escuela)
 She was a model                              (Ella era una modelo)
 They were good kids                        (Ellos eran buenos niños)

 Ejemplos "estar":
 He was at the beach this morning       (Él estaba en la playa esta mañana)
 We were married                              (Estábamos casados)
 You were wrong                               (Estabas[n] equivocado[s])

 En el caso de oraciones negativas se sigue la misma gramática añadiendo

únicamente "not".

Oraciones negativas de pasado del verbo "to be" 





 Usualmente para expresar oraciones negativas al hablar / escribir se emplean las
contracciones indicadas "wasn't" y "weren't". 

 Ejemplos de oraciones negativas de pasado "to be"

 Ejemplos "ser":
 I was not student of this school.          (Yo no era un estudiante de esta escuela)
 She wasn't a model                                 (Ella no era una modelo)
 They weren't good kids                          (Ellos no eran buenos niños)

 Ejemplos "estar":
 He wasn't at the beach this morning    (Él no estaba en la playa esta mañana)
 We weren't married                                 (No estábamos casados)
 You were not wrong                                 (No estabas[n] equivocado[s])

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

 PERSONAL INFORMATION

What is your name? My name is _________.

Where are you from? I am from ____________ (country).

Where do you live? I live in _________ (city).

How old are you? I am ______ years old.

What is your telephone number? My telephone number is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

What is your address? My address is ________________.

How tall are you? I am ____ centimeters tall.

How much do you weigh? I weigh about _____ kilograms.

What do you do? I am a ___________ (job).

Where do you work? I work at / for ___________ (place)

How big is your family? I have ____ brothers and ____ sisters.

What do you usually do in your free I like to _________ and sometimes _________.
time?

When is your birthday? My birthday is in __________ (month).

When were you born? I was born _______ (month) ____ (day),
_______ (year)

What is your favorite _______? My favorite ________ is ____________.

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez