Transformada Z

En tiempo Continuo: Ecuaciones Diferenciales

En tiempo Discreto: Ecuaciones de Diferencia

3y(k+2)+2y(k+1)-y(k)=2u(k+1)
y(-2)=1; y(-1)=-2 Condiciones Iniciales u(-2)=0
u(-1)=0 u(0)=1 u(100)=1

3y(k)+2y(k-1)-y(k-2)=2u(k-1)
y(k)=1/3[y(k-2)-2y(k-1)+2u(k-1)]

k=0
y(0)=1/3[y(-2)-2y(-1)+2u(-1)];
y(0)=1/3[1-2*(-2)+0]=5/3

y(1)=1/3[y(-1)-2y(0)+2u(0)]=1/3[-2-
2(5/3)+2]=-10/9

y(k)=[1 -2 5/3 -10/9 … ] Señ al Discreta

∞
F ( z )=Z { f ( k ) } =∑ f (k ) z −k Unilateral
0

-Inf hasta Inf Bilateral

1 , k=0
 Impulso Unitario Discreto δ ( k )={0 , otro caso }
∞

 F ( z )=Z { δ ( k ) } =∑ δ ( k ) z− k =1
0

1,k≥0
 Escaló n Unitario Discreto μ ( k ) ={0 , otro caso}
 ∞

 F ( z )=Z { μ ( k ) }=∑ μ ( k ) z−k =1 z−0 +1 z−1+1 z−2 +…

0
=1+z-1+z-2+z-3+…
1 z
= F ( z )= =
1−z −1
z−1

∞
1
∑ r k=¿ 1+r +r 2 +r 3 +r 4 +… := 1−r ¿
0

|r|<1
∞

∑ (0.2)k=1+0.2+0.04=1.24
0

kT , k ≥ 0
 Rampa Discreta x ( kT ) ={0 , otro caso}
∞
F ( z )=Z { x ( kT ) }=∑ kT z−k =0+T z−1 +2 T z−2+ 3T z−3+ …
0

F(z)=Tz [1+2z-1+3z-2+4z-3 +…]

-1

zF(z)=T[1+2z-1+3z-2+4z-3 +…]
zF(z)-F(z)=T+Tz-1+Tz-2+Tz-3+…
F(z)(z-1)=T[1+z-1+z-2+z-3+…]= T / (1-z-1) = zT / z-
1
zT
F ( z )= 2
(z−1)
Funció n Exponencial f(k)= e-akT k>=0
∞

 F ( z )=∑ e−akT z−k =1+e−aT z−1 +e−2 aT z−2+ e−3 aT z −3 + …

0

 r =e z −aT −1

1 z
 F ( z )= 1−e z = z−e −aT −1 −aT

Funció n Senoidal f(k)=sin(wkT) k>=0

∞ ∞
e jwkT −e− jwkT −k
F ( z )=∑ sin ( wkT ) z−k =∑ z
0 0 2j
∞ ∞
1 1
F (z)= ∑ e jwkT z−k − ∑ e− jwkT z−k
2j 0 2j 0
1 z z
F ( z )=
[
2 j z−e jwT
−
z−e− jwT ]
 − jwT
1 z ( z −e )−z (z−e jwT )
F ( z )=
[
2 j ( z−e jwT )(z−e− jwT )
2 − jwT 2 jwT
]
1 z −z e −z + z e
F ( z )= [ 2 − jwT
]
2 j z −z e −z e jwT +1
e jwT −e− jwT 1
F ( z )=z [ 2j ][
z −z ( e +e− jwT ) +1
2 jwT
]
zsin(wT )
F ( z )= 2
z −2 zcos ( wT )+1

1) y(k)=2k(2)k-1-2k+3
Método de Retenció n
 Invarianza Impulso (Daniel)
 ZOH (Johan )
 FOH (Alejandro)
 Matched Pole-Zero (Brayan)
 Backward (diferencia hacia atrá s)
(Omar)
 Fordward (diferencias hacia delante
(Yohan)
 Bilinear (Dayana)
 Prewarp (Luis)