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• Algoritmo de Dommel
Geq
– Solución iterativa
– TCS, SWEAP, ATOSEC, ...
© Salvador Acevedo, 1998
2
Análisis Nodal Modificado
• EMTP + Ecuaciones no lineales de los elementos
• Método iterativo de paso variable cuando hay
elementos no lineales como los semiconductores
Yr B V J
C =
D I F
iD = I s e v D / nVt
v-i relation di L ( t ) dv C ( t )
v R (t ) = R i R (t ) v L (t ) = L iC ( t ) = C
(time domain) dt dt
R Leq RCeq
R iL iC
+ vL − + vC −
Discrete-time
equivalent
hL hC
1
i R (t ) = v R (t )
G i L ( t ) = G Leq v L (t ) + h L ( t ) iC (t ) = GCeq v C ( t ) + hC ( t )
2L 1 ∆t ∆t 1 2C
RLeq = , GLeq = = RCeq = GCeq = =
∆t RLeq 2 L 2C RCeq ∆t
Values for 1
G= hL (t ) = i L (t − ∆t ) + GLeq v L (t − ∆t ) hC ( t ) = − iC ( t − ∆t ) − GCeq vC ( t − ∆t )
trapezoidal rule R
hL (t ) = 2 GLeq v L (t − ∆t ) + hL (t − ∆t ) hC ( t ) = − 2 GCeq vC ( t − ∆t ) − hC ( t − ∆t )
L 1 ∆t
R Leq = , G Leq = = ∆t 1 C
Values for
1 ∆t R Leq L RCeq = , GCeq = =
backward Euler G= C RCeq ∆t
R hL ( t ) = i L ( t − ∆t )
rule hC (t ) = − GCeq v C (t − ∆t )
h L ( t ) = G Leq v L ( t − ∆t ) + h L ( t − ∆t )
i1 + + i1 i2
i2
v2 + +
Symbol v1
- v1 x v2
- - -
∂v ∂i ∂i ∂v
v-i relation di1 1 1 − n v1dt n:turnsratio − = L' , − = C'
∂x ∂t ∂x ∂t
(time domain) di = Lt − n n 2 v dt
2 2 Lt: Leakeage inductance i ( x , t ) = f 1 ( x − vt ) + f 2 ( x + vt ) v ( x , t ) = Z C f 1 ( x − vt ) − Z C f 2 ( x + vt )
i1
i2 i1 i2
+ G12 v2 + + +
G11 G22 v1 h1 Zc Zc h2
v1 v2 v2
Discrete-time h1 G21v1 h2 - -
- -
equivalent
The transmission line model does not change with integration rule
i1 (t ) G11 G12 v1 ( t ) h1 (t ) i1 (t ) 1 1 0 v1 (t ) h1 (t )
i (t ) = G +
2 21 G22 v2 (t ) h2 (t ) i ( t ) = Zc 0 1 v (t ) + h (t )
2 2 2
∆t − n ∆t n 2 ∆t L
Values for G = ; G =G = ; G = Zc = C
11 2 Lt 12 21 2 Lt 22 2 Lt decoupled
trapezoidal
τ = LC
rule h1 (t ) G11 G12 v1 (t − ∆t ) h1 (t − ∆t )
h (t ) = 2 G + 1 1
2 21 G22 v2 (t − ∆t ) h2 (t − ∆t ) i1 (t ) = v (t ) + h1 ( t ) h1 (t ) = − v2 (t − τ ) + i2 (t − τ )
2 Zc 1 Zc
∆t − n ∆t n ∆t
Values for G11 = ; G12 = G21 = ; G22 = 1 1
Lt Lt Lt i2 (t ) = v (t ) + h2 (t ) h2 (t ) = − v1 (t − τ ) + i1 (t − τ )
backward Zc 2 Zc
Euler rule h1 (t ) G11 G12 v1 ( t − ∆t ) h1 ( t − ∆t )
h (t ) = G + For frequency dependanl line Zc is a function of the frequency
2 21 G22 v2 ( t − ∆t ) h2 ( t − ∆t ) and the history terms are multiplied by the factor e-γx
[G ][V ] = [J ]
G 11 G 12 V1 J 1 h1 G 11V1 = J 1 + h1 − G 12 V2
G = +
21 G 22 V2 J 2 h 2 −1
V1 = G 11 (J 1 + h 1 − G 12V2 )
donde:
G: matriz de conductancias discretas equivalentes
V: vector de voltajes de nodo a tierra
J: vector de corrientes independientes
hi: vectores de fuentes de corriente históricas (calculadas en pasos anteriores)
Subíndices 1: voltajes desconocidos
Subíndices 2: voltajes de fuentes independientes (conocidos)
∴sólo se requiere resolver para el vector V de voltajes desconocidos V1
© Salvador Acevedo, 1998
7
Formulación de las matrices
de conductancias G11 y G12
Inicialización de variables: t=0, h1=0
t = t + ∆t
Actualizar matrices
G11 y G12 Resolver los voltajes de los nodos V1(t)
de acuerdo a cambios en la red −1
V1 = G 11 (J 1 + h 1 − G 12V2 )
tfinal?
© Salvador Acevedo, 1998
8
Ejemplo
R R = 0.0894 Ω
L L = 0.1 H
V=1 p.u. u(t) C C = 0.5 F
wn = 4.47214 r/s, ξ = 1.0
vc(0) = 0, iL(0) = 0
L
GR
+ + +
+
V=Vz Vx C Vy GL
V hC
- - - - GC
GR + GL − GL Vx(t ) − hL (t ) − GR
−G = − [Vs ]
L GL + GC Vy (t ) hL (t ) − hC (t ) 0
−1
Vx(t ) GR + GL − GL − hL (t ) − GR
Vy (t ) = − G − [Vs ]
L GL + GC hL (t ) − hC (t ) 0
deltaT = 0.005; V = 1;
tfinal = 3;
n = round(tfinal/deltaT); % número de puntos
G11 = [ gL + gR -gL ;
-gL gL + gC ];
G12 = [-gR;
0];
J1 = [0;
0];
V2 = [V];
for i = 2 : n
H1 = [-hL;
hL-hC];
vnodo_1(i) = V1(1);
vnodo_2(i) = V1(2);
hL = 2 * gL * vL(i) + hL;
hC = -2* gC * vC(i) - hC;
if constante_de_amortiguamiento == 1
iAnalitica(i) = V/L * t(i) * exp( - wn * t(i));
vLAnalitico(i) = L*(V/L*exp(-wn*t(i))-V/L*wn*t(i)*exp(-wn*t(i)));
end
end
plot(t,iL)
if constante_de_amortiguamiento == 1
figure(1)
Page 1
Rlc
plot(t,iL,t,iAnalitica)
xlabel('tiempo')
ylabel('corriente')
figure(2)
plot(t,vL,t,vLAnalitico)
xlabel('tiempo')
ylabel('vL')
end
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