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Diapositiva 1
TRANSFERENCIA
DE
CALOR
ALETAS
Diapositiva 2
INDICE:
1. INTRODUCCIÓN.
1.1. EJEMPLOS DE APLICACIÓN.
1.2. CLASIFICACIÓN.
2. ECUACIÓN GENERAL.
3. ALETAS RECTAS DE SECCIÓN CONSTANTE.
3.1. HIPÓTESIS DE CÁLCULO.
- Aleta muy larga.
- Calor despreciable en el extremo de una aleta.
- Convección en el extremo de la aleta.
3.2. COMPARACIÓN ENTRE LOS RESULTADOS OBTENIDOS
CON LA APLICACIÓN DE LAS TRES HIPÓTESIS.
4. ALETAS DE SECCIÓN VARIABLE. ALETAS ANULARES.
5. EFICIENCIA.
6. EFECTIVIDAD. CONDICIONES DE UTILIZACIÓN DE ALETAS.
7. CARACTERIZACIÓN DE SUPERFICIES ALETEADAS.
7.1. RESOLUCIÓN POR ANALOGÍA ELÉCTRICA.
7.2. CONFIGURACIONES ALETEADAS COMPLEJAS
8. CONSIDERACIONES DE DISEÑO.
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 3
INTRODUCCIÓN
Tfluido , h
Q=A*h*(Tsup-T fluido)
Tsup , A
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 4
EJEMPLOS DE APLICACIÓN:
Diapositiva 5
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 6
1.2. CLASIFICACIÓN:
SECCIÓN CONSTANTE
Diapositiva 7
SECCIÓN VARIABLE
Diapositiva 8
ECUACIÓN GENERAL
dQconv
dAconv
Acond
Q(x) Q (x+dx)
x
dx
Diapositiva 9
Q Tf , h Q Tf , h
Tb D
Q e
P*x P*x
Tb Aconv =P x Q
x w L
x π .D
2
A cond A b w. e A cond A b
L 4
A conv 2 . ( w e) . x A conv π . D . x
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 10
d2 1 d d 1 h d
θ +
A ⋅ ⋅ Acond
⋅
dx θ −
A ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Aconv
⋅ θ = 0
dx2 cond dx cond k dx
d 2θ h⋅ P
− m 2
⋅θ = 0 m=
dx 2 k ⋅ Acond
θ ( x ) = C1 ⋅ e m⋅ x + C 2 ⋅ e − m⋅ x = C 3 ⋅ sh ( m ⋅ ( L − x ) + C4 ⋅ ch( m ⋅ ( L − x ))
dT dθ
Qaleta = Q( x = 0) = − Ab ⋅ k ⋅ = − Ab ⋅ k ⋅
dx x= 0
d x x=0
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 11
CONDICIONES DE CONTORNO:
1) T ( x = 0 ) = TB 2) T ( x = L) = ??
TFLUIDO TFLUIDO
L L
TB QCOND =Q CONV TB
d T(x=L)=T
T(x=L)=Tconocida
k. T ( L) h . T ( L ) T fluido conocida
dx
T(L)
TFLUIDO TFLUIDO
L L
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 12
θ b T ( x → ∞) → T fluido θ ( x → ∞) → 0
θ (x) θ . e m. x
b
m⋅k m⋅k
Qaleta = Ab ⋅ k ⋅ m ⋅ θ b = h ⋅ Ab ⋅θ b ⋅ = Qbase _ sin _ aleta ⋅
h h
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 13
dθ
Q cond Qextremo» 0 =0
dx x= L
ch(m ⋅ (L − x ))
θ ( x) = θ b ⋅
ch(m ⋅ L )
m⋅k m⋅k
Qaleta = h ⋅ Ab ⋅θb ⋅ ⋅ th(m ⋅ L ) = Qbasesin aleta ⋅ ⋅ th( m ⋅ L)
h h
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 14
dT
Qcond Qconv − k ⋅ Ab ⋅ = h ⋅ (T − T∞ )
dx x =L
h
ch(m ⋅ ( L − x )) + ⋅ sh(m ⋅ (L − x ))
θ(x ) = θb ⋅ m⋅ k
ch(m ⋅ L ) + ⋅ sh(m ⋅ L )
h
m⋅ k
m⋅ k m⋅k
⋅ th(m ⋅ L ) + 1 ⋅ th (m ⋅ L ) + 1
= h ⋅θb ⋅ Ab ⋅ h = Qbase sin aleta ⋅ h
th (m ⋅ L )
Q aleta
th(m ⋅ L )
1+ 1+
m⋅k m⋅k
h h
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 15
(II): dT = 0
dx
(II) y (III) x=L
dT
(III): − k ⋅ Ab ⋅ d x = h ⋅ (T − T∞ )
x= L
Evolución temperatura
en agujas disipador:
(I)
L=0.02 m. k=100 W/mK
t=0.003 m. h = 25 W/m2 K
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 16
dQconv
dAconv
Acond
Q(x) Q (x+dx)
x
dx
d2 1 d d 1 h d
θ +
A ⋅ ⋅ Acond
⋅
dx θ −
A ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Aconv
⋅ θ = 0
dx2 cond dx cond k dx
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 17
θ ( x ) = C1 ⋅ I (n ⋅ r )0 + C2 ⋅ K (n ⋅ r )0
I y K: funciones modificadas de Bessel de primera y segunda especie, orden 0.
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 18
I (n ⋅ r )0 ⋅ K (n ⋅ re )1 + K (n ⋅ r )0 ⋅ I (n ⋅ re )1
θ (r ) = θ b ⋅
I (n ⋅ rb )0 ⋅ K (n ⋅ re )1 + K (n ⋅ rb )0 ⋅ I (n ⋅ re )1
Potencia calorífica:
k ⋅ n K (n ⋅ rb )1 ⋅ I (n ⋅ re )1 − K (n ⋅ re )1 ⋅ I (n ⋅ rb )1
Qaleta = h ⋅ 2 ⋅ π ⋅ rb ⋅ e ⋅ θ b ⋅ ⋅
h I (n ⋅ rb )0 ⋅ K (n ⋅ re )1 + K (n ⋅ rb )0 ⋅ I (n ⋅ re )1
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 19
EFICIENCIA
Efficiency of extended surfaces, Gardner, K.A.
(ASME Thermal Engineering Proceedings, 1945)
Hipótesis:
• Transmisión de calor unidimensional.
•Coeficiente de convección uniforme.
•Temperatura de la base uniforme.
•Flujo de calor despreciable en extremo.
d2 1 d d 1 h d
2
θ + ⋅ ⋅ Acond ⋅ θ − ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Aconv ⋅ θ = 0
dx Acond dx dx Acond k dx
d2
[ d
] [
2⋅ 2 θ + (1−2⋅m) ⋅ x −2⋅α⋅ x2 ⋅ θ + p2 ⋅c2 ⋅ x2⋅ p +α2 ⋅ x2 +α⋅( 2⋅ m−1) ⋅ x+m2 − p2 ⋅n2 ⋅θ = 0
dx dx
]
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 20
Qaleta
η=
Qaleta _ temperatura _ base
∫ (T − T )
Aconv
Qaleta θ ⋅ dAconv
η= = =
0 fluido media
Diapositiva 21
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 22
Q aleta ε Aaleta
ε= =
h ⋅ Ab ⋅ θ b η Abase
m⋅k A m⋅k A m⋅ k
ε= ⋅ th ( m ⋅ L) η = b ⋅ ⋅ th ( m ⋅ L ) = b ⋅ ⋅ th (m ⋅ L)
h Aaleta h P ⋅ L h
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 23
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
4
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
0.25
0.75
1.25
1.75
2.25
2.75
3.25
3.75
4.25
4.75
m*L
m*k/h=2.5 m*k/h=5 m*k/h=10 m*k/h=15 m*k/h=20
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 24
m⋅k (recomendable
Empleo de aletas justificado: >> 1
h superior a 10)
Sección constante: m ⋅ k 2⋅k
= >> 1 :
h t ⋅h
Diapositiva 25
Aaletas Atotal=Alibre+Aaletas
Alibre
ηpond = β ⋅ η + 1 − β
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 26
1
Tb R1 = T∞ RT T∞
Alibre ⋅ h Tb
1
R2 =
Aaletas ⋅η ⋅ h
1 1 1 1
= + RT =
RT R1 R2 Alibre ⋅ h + Aaletas ⋅ η ⋅ h
1 1
RT = =
Atotal ⋅ h ⋅ (
Alibre Aaletas
+ ⋅η ) Atotal ⋅ h ⋅ η pond
Atotal Atotal
Tema 5: Régimen est. unidim. (II). Superficies extendidas R. Royo J. M. Corberán Curso 2000-2001
Diapositiva 27
T e
Muros multicapa
Ti − Te
Q=
1 ei 1
+∑ +
hi ⋅ A pared i k i ⋅ Apared ηpond ⋅ he ⋅ Atotal
Ti
Te Cilindros
Ti − Te
Q=
r
ln j +1
rj
+∑ +
1 1
2 ⋅ π ⋅ ri ⋅ L ⋅ hi j 2⋅π ⋅ L ⋅ ki ηpond ⋅ he ⋅ Atotal