Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
UTILIZANDO NANOARCILLA¨
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT
In this research work, entitled "Adsorption of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solutions
using nanoclay", we take advantage of the properties of a modified clay,
nanoclay, using raw material from the central region of our country. The main
objective has been to reduce the content of Cu (II) using nanoclay from aqueous
solutions, controlling the contact time and the pH of the process. Also, determine
the adsorption model that best suits the process.
To determine the adsorption isotherm that governs this process, the equations of
the Langmuir and Freundlich models were used. The isotherm that best suited
the process was the Langmuir isotherm, with a R2 correlation coefficient of 0.96.
The adsorption capacity of the nanoclay, calculated by the Langmuir isotherm for
Cu (II), was 7.53 mg / g.
INTRODUCCIÓN
INTRODUCTION
PARTE EXPERIMENTAL
2.1. MATERIALES
Los materiales que se emplearon en los experimentos son los siguientes:
Matraces de 250 mL
Fiolas de 500, 1000, 2000 mL
Fiolas de 25 mL
Vasos de precipitación de 500 mL
Mortero
Mallas N° 170
Pipetas de 5 mL
Pro-pipetas
Tubos cónicos para Centrífuga
2.2. EQUIPOS
Agitador orbital AROS 160, M -660-20-26
Centrífuga IEC, CENTRA MP4
Balanza analítica de 3 decimales
Estufa esterilizadora
pHmetro portátil SI ANALYTICS, HANDYLAB pH 11
Espectrofotómetro de absorción atómica de la marca VARIAN, Modelo:
220FS.
2.3. REACTIVOS
Estándar de Cu(II) de 1000 ppm
NaOH 1M y 0,1 M
HCl 1M y 0,1 M
2.4. DISEÑO DE INVESTIGACIÓN
Variables
Nro. Niveles
Independientes
1 pH 3 5 8
2 Tiempo de contacto (min) 30 60 90
Tabla 2.2. Diseño experimental factorial 32
Variable
Variables independientes
N° dependiente
experimento Tiempo de contacto tc Porcentaje de
pH
(min) Remoción (%R)
1 3 30 Y1
2 3 60 Y2
3 3 90 Y3
4 5 30 Y4
5 5 60 Y5
6 5 90 Y6
7 8 30 Y7
8 8 60 Y8
9 8 90 Y9
Dónde:
C0 es la concentración inicial del Cu(II)
Ce es la concentración de equilibrio en (mg/L).
𝑉(Co − Ce )
qe =
m x 100
Dónde:
2.1. MATERIALS
The materials used in the experiments are the following:
• 250 mL flasks
• Fiolas of 500, 1000, 2000 mL
• 25 mL vials
• Precipitation glasses of 500 mL
• Mortar
• Tights No. 170
• 5 mL pipettes
• Pro-pipettes
• Conical tubes for Centrifuge
2.2. EQUIPMENT
• AROS 160 orbital agitator, M -660-20-26
• Centrifuge IEC, CENTRA MP4
• Analytical balance of 3 decimals
• Sterilizing stove
• portable pH meter SI ANALYTICS, HANDYLAB pH 11
• Atomic absorption spectrophotometer of the VARIAN brand, Model: 220FS.
2.3. REAGENTS
• Cu (II) standard of 1000 ppm
• 1M and 0.1M NaOH
• 1M and 0.1M HCl
In Table 2.1. the experimental design is shown, showing the interaction of the two
independent variables, pH and contact time, with three levels respectively,
obtaining nine experiments. The experimental design is of the factorial type, 32.
Variables
Nro. Niveles
Independientes
1 pH 3 5 8
2 Tiempo de contacto (min) 30 60 90
Tabla 2.2. Diseño experimental factorial 32
Variable
Variables independientes
N° dependiente
experimento Tiempo de contacto tc Porcentaje de
pH
(min) Remoción (%R)
1 3 30 Y1
2 3 60 Y2
3 3 90 Y3
4 5 30 Y4
5 5 60 Y5
6 5 90 Y6
7 8 30 Y7
8 8 60 Y8
9 8 90 Y9
2.5. ADSORPTION TESTS The nanoclay used in this research work was
obtained using the following methodology (Arriola and Rojas, 2016): In a 1L
beaker, place 50 g of natural bentonite previously dried to the environment, add
700 ml of distilled water and shake vigorously for 10 minutes, then finish gauging,
let stand for 10 minutes. Extract the supernatant solution to a depth of 10cm with
a pipette and discard the rest. By centrifugation, separate the liquid from the
solution and bring the obtained montmorillonite to dryness for 24 hours at 100 °
C. Weigh 2 g of montmorillonite and mix with 200mL of distilled water, stir for 24
hours at 200 rpm. Add 0.7 g of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, mix for 5
hours at a temperature of 80 ° C. Centrifuge with distilled water until excess water
is eliminated. Dry at 90 ° C in an oven for 24 hours. Spray and store the obtained
nanoclay. 2.5.1. CURVE OF MASSES The optimal nanoclay mass to be used in
the adsorption process was obtained by means of a mass curve. For this
experience, tests were carried out on 10 250mL flasks with different nanoclay
masses. That is, tests were carried out with 0.4 g / 40 mL, 0.8 g / 40 mL, 1.2 g /
40 mL, 1.6 g / 40 mL, 2.0 g / 40 mL, 2.4 g / 40 mL, 2, 8 g / 40mL, 3.2 g / 40mL,
3.6 g / 40mL and 4.6 g / 40mL, as can be seen in Table 2.3. Each flask was
placed in the orbital shaker and proceeded to stir for 60 minutes at 250 rpm,
controlling the pH in 5. Subsequently, the supernatant solution was separated
from the solid part by centrifugation. Each sample was centrifuged at 5000 rpm
for a time of 15 min, during this time the solution was completely separated from
the solid part. Once this operation was carried out, the solutions were analyzed
by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy (EAA), to see the final Cu (II)
concentration of each sample.
Table 2.3. Nanoclay masses for the construction of the mass curve
Co Cu(II) Masa de
No. Muestra
mg/L nanoarcilla (g)
1 M1 50 0,4
2 M2 50 0,8
3 M3 50 1,2
4 M4 50 1,6
5 M5 50 2,0
6 M6 50 2,4
7 M7 50 2,8
8 M8 50 3,2
9 M9 50 3,6
10 M10 50 4,6
With the experimental data, a mass curve was made (percentage of Cu (II)
removal versus mass of each treatment). The percentages of removal were
determined by the following equation:
(C0 − Ce ) × 100
% de remoción =
C0
Figure 2.1. a) Weighing of samples, b) Contact of the nanoclay and aqueous
copper solution.
Next, in Table 2.4., The experimental conditions to obtain the mass curve are
shown.
.
Constante Condición experimental
Concentración inicial de Cu(II) (Co) 50 mg/L
Volumen de solución acuosa de Cu(II) a 50
40mL
mg/L (V)
Tiempo de contacto (tc) 60min
pH 5
Velocidad de centrifugación 5000 rpm
Tiempo centrifugación 10 min
Temperatura de adsorción Temperatura ambiente
The amount of Cu (II) ions adsorbed per nanoclay mass unit, qe (mg / g) was
calculated by the following equation:
𝑽(𝐂𝐨 − 𝐂𝐞 )
𝐪𝐞 =
𝐦 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Where: V is the volume of the Cu (II) solution in liters Co and Ce are the
initial and final concentrations (mg / L) of Cu (II) in the solution respectively
CONCLUSIONES
2. The optimum pH and optimum contact time of the Cu (II) adsorption process
from aqueous solutions were 8 and 30 minutes respectively, with a removal
percentage of 96.3%.
3. The content of Cu (II) was reduced from aqueous solutions, controlling the
contact time and pH in the adsorption process using nanoclay as an adsorbent,
from an initial concentration of 50 mg / L to 1.84 mg / L , equivalent to a 96.3%
removal percentage.
2. Aksu Z, & T Kutsal. (1991). A bioseparation process for lead (II) ions from
waste water by using C. vulgaris. Journal of Chemical Technology and
Biotechnology. .
4. Aras N, & Yavuz O. (2006). Trace Element Analysis of Food and Diet.
Royal Society of Chemistry.
13. Comisión mundial para el medio ambiente y desarro. (1987). Our Common
Future. University Press Oxford.
15. Dal Bosco S, M., Jimenez R, S., & Carvalho W, A. (2005). "Removal of
toxic metals from wastewater by Brazilian natural scolecite. Journal of
Colloid and Interface Science.
16. Giles C, H., Smith D, & Huitson A. (1974). "A general treatment and
classification of the solute adsorption isotherm.” . Journal of Colloid and
Interface Science. .
18. Gunay A, Arslankaya E , & Toson I. (2007). Lead removal from aqueous
solution by natural and pretreated clinoptilolite: adsorption equilibrium and
kinetic. . Journal of Hazardous Materials. .
23. Lee SY, Kim SJ, & Jeong CH . (2004). “Sorption of hydrophobic organic
compounds onto organoclays”. Chemosphere.
26. Modak J, M., & Natarajan K, A. (1995). Biosortion of metals using nonliving
biomass. Minerals and metallurgical Processinng. .
29. Navarro A, E., Ramos K, P., Agapito R, & Cuiza N, A. (2006). Propiedades
acido- básicas de lentinus edodes y cinética de biosorcion de cadmio (II).
Revista iberoamericana de recursos naturales.
38. U¨nlu N, & Ersoz M. (2006). Adsorption characteristics of heavy metal ions
onto a low cost biopolymeric sorbent from aqueous solutions. J. Hazard.
Mater. B136.
https://www.codelcoeduca.cl/cobre/usos.asp.