Documentos de Académico
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DE SAN MARCOS
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA ELECTRONICA Y
ELECTRICA
2016
Problema 1:
L{cos() /}
{()} = () (0)
{cos() / 2 } = {()}
{cos() / } = 2{()}
La transformada de () es 1/4
2 3/2
Reemplazando
1/4
L{cos() /} = 2
23/2
1/4 = 1/2
e
st
sen(t)dt cos(t)e -st s e -st sen(t) s e -st sen(t)dt
( 2 + 1) () = ( () cos())
( () cos()
() =
( 2 + 1)
1 ( () cos()
{()} = { }
1 2 ( 2 + 1) 0
1 1+
{()} = 2
{ 2 }
1 +1
Problema 3
y'' '4 y' '5 y'2 y 10 cost , y(0) y'(0) 0, y' '(0) 3
Ly Y (s)
{cos()} =
2 + 1
Reemplazando las transformadas
s 3
4s 2 5s 2 Y (s) 3
2 +1
32 +10+3
s 12 s 2Y (s) = 2 +1
3 2 + 10 + 3 +
() = 2
= + + 2
+ 2
( + 1)( + 1)( + 2) + 2 + 1 ( + 1) +1
3 2 + 10 + 3 = ( + 1)2 ( 2 + 1) + ( + 1)( 2 + 1)( + 2) + ( 2 + 1)( + 2) + ( + )( + 1)2 ( + 2)
A B D 0
2A 3B C 4D E 0
2A 3B 2C 5D 4E 3
2A 3B C 2D 5E 10
A 2B 2C 2E 3
1 2 2 + 2
() = + + 2
+ 2 + 1 ( + 1)2 +1
1 2 2 + 2
() = 1 {()} = 1 { + + 2 }
+ 2 + 1 ( + 1)2 +1
() = 2 + 2 2 cos() + 2()
Problema 4
3
0 ()( ) = 2() + ()
6
{()} = ()
3 3! 1
{ } = =
6 6 4 4
{()} = 1
Reemplazamos
1
2 () = 2 () + 1=0
4
4 1
2 44( ) 2 4 2 4 2 + 4
4
1,2 () = =
2 2
1
1 () = 1 + 1 () = () + 1
2
1
2 () = 1 2 () = () 1
2
5) + ( ) = () =
() =
SOLUCION:
1 { + (1 2) 2}=0
Reemplazamos:
( 2 () 2) + (1 2)(() 1) 2() = 0
Factorizamos () :
() ( 2 2 + 2) = 1 +
-> 2 (2 1) 2 = ( + 1)( 2)
+1 1
() = (+1)(2) = 2
4 x sy y s
(s) (s) ( s)
s2 1
1
x( s ) ( s 3) 2 y( s ) 2
s 1
4 x y ( s 1) s
(s) (s)
s2 1
s3 2
( s 2 2 s 5)
4 ( s 1)
1
2
s 1
2
s 7 1 7 11
s 1 s s
3s 1
s 1
2
x( s ) 2 10 2 10 10 10
( s 1)( s 2 s 5)
2
s 1 s 2s 5
2
7 1 7 11
x( t ) cos t sent et cos 2t et sen 2t
10 10 10 10
1
s 3
s 1
2
s
4
y( s ) s 1
2
s 2 3s 4
2
( s 1)( s 2 s 5)
2
1 3s 5
2 2
s 2 s 5 ( s 1)( s 2 s 5)
2
3 11 7 11
y( t ) et sen 2t cos t sent et cos 2t
10 10 10 10
+ + 3 = 15
4 + 3 = 15
Con las condiciones X(0)=0, X(0)=0, Y(0)=0, Y(0)=0.
Solucin:
[ + + 3] = [15 ]
[ 4 + 3] = [15]
15
[ 2 () (0) (0)] + [() (0)] () =
+1
15
[ 2 () (0) (0)] 4[() (0)] () =
2
15
[ 2 ()] + [()] () =
+1
15
[ 2 ()] 4 [()] () =
2
15
( 2 1)() + () =
+1
15
4() + ( 2 1)() =
2
Por regla de Crammer:
15
+1
| |
15 2 15( 2 1) 15 15( 1)( + 1) 15 15( 2 ) 15
2 1
() = 2 = 2 + 1 2 1 =
2
+1
4 + 2 2 + 1
=
2 + 1)2
1 ( 1) + 4 (
| |
4 2 1
Tenemos X(s) como una serie de fracciones parciales:
15( 2 1) + +
() = 2 2
= 15 [ + 2 2
+ 2 ]
( + 1)( + 1) ( + 1) +1
Lo valores de las constantes son los siguientes:
Entonces queda:
1 21
() = 15 [ + (2 +1)2 + (2 +1)2 ]cos t )
1
1 [ ] = 1
2 1
1 [ ] = cos
( 2 + 1)2
2 1 1
1 [ 2 2 ] = 21 [ 2 2 ] 1 [ 2 ]
( + 1) ( + 1) ( + 1)2
1
1 [ ] = 1 [ 2 ] = ( cos );
( 2 + 1)2 ( + 1)2 ( 2 + 1)2
+ (2 )
( cos ) = () cos( ) = [ ]
0 2
() cos cos()
( cos ) = [ 0+ ] = ( )/2
2 4 4
1 1
1 [ ] = 1 [ 2 ] = ( )
( 2 + 1)2 ( + 1) ( 2 + 1)2
2
+ (2 )
( ) = () sen ( ) = [ ]
0 2
1 (2 ) cos cos
1 [ ]=[ ]=
( 2 + 1)2 4 2 2
2 1 2( ) cos ( )
1 [ 2 2 ]= = +
( + 1) 2 2 2 2
Ahora X(t):
1 2 1
() = 15 1 [ ] + 151 [ 2 2 ] + 151 [ 2 ]
( + 1) ( + 1)2
() = 15 + 15 7.5 cos + 15 cos
Ahora encontraremos Y(t) usando una ecuacin del sistema:
+ + 3 = 15
= 15 3
= 15 30 15 cos 60 cos + 30
= 15 30 15 cos 60 cos + 30
2
2
+ 9 = 3 ( )
2
Para resolver esta ecuacin diferencial primero recurrimos a la transformada de Laplace:
Resolviendo:
2 () (0) (0) + 9() = 3 2
Segn condiciones iniciales y(0) = 1 metro, y velocidad inicial y(0) = 0
2 () + 9() = 3 2
( 2 + 9)() = 3 2
3 2 3 2
() = =
2 + 9 2 + 9 2 + 9
Aplicamos la transformada inversa de Laplace a ambos lado de la ecuacin:
1
3 2
() = [ 2 ] 1 [ 2 ]
+9 +9
() = cos 3 3 ( ) ( ) ;
2 2
a)
cos 3 <
() = { cos 3 3 ( ) 2
2
2
b)
3 2
( ) = cos = ,
4 4 2
() = cos 3 3 ( ) = 1 (1) = 0
2
100 ; (0,2]
() = {
400 100; (2,4]
2
5 + . = 0
2
2
[5 + 25] = [0]; 5 2 () 5(0) 5 (0) + 25() = 0
2
5 5
5 2 () 5 + 25() = 0 ; (5 2 + 25)() = 5 + ;
3 3
1 1
( 2 + 5)() = + ; () = + ;
3 (2 +5) 3(2 +5)
1 1
() = 1 [ + ] = 1 [ 2 ] + 1 [ 2 ]=
( 2 2
+ 5) 3( + 5) ( + 5) 3( + 5)
5 1 1 5
= 5 + 1 [ ] = 5 + [ 2 ]=
35( 2 + 5) 35 +5
1
= 5 + 5
35
1
+ + = () = 20( 10) 20( 30)
1
[] + [] + [ ] = [()]
10 30
2 () + 12() + 100() = 20 [ ]
10 30
( 2 + 12 + 100)() = 20 [ ]
10 30
() = 20 [ 2 ]
( + 12 + 100) ( 2 + 12 + 100)
+
+ 2 2 + 12 + 100 + 2 + = 1
+ 12 + 100
1
=
100
1
=
100
12
=
100
1 + 12
100 1 ( 2 )
100 + 12 + 100
() = 1 [()]
1 3
() = [(1 6(10) 8( 10) 6(10) 8( 10)) 10 ()]
5 4
1 6(30)
3
[(1 8( 30) 6(30) 8( 30)) 30 ()]
5 4
Cuando t=5s
(5) = 0
Cuando t=20s
1 1 3
() = 5 6(10) 8( 10) 6(10) 8( 10)
5 20
1 1 3
(20) = 5 60 80 60 80
5 20
1 1 3
() = 5 60 (0.110) 60 (0.993)
5 20
(20) = 2.08 1025
L=1H
C=2*104F (0) = 0
1
+ + = ()
+ 150 + 5000 = 10(0 () 10 ())
10 10 10 100 10
2 () (0) (0) + 150() 150(0) + 5000() =
2 2
10 10 100
( 2 + 150 + 5000)() = 2
10 2 10
10 10 100
( + 50)( + 100)() = 2
10 2 10
10 10 10 100 10
() =
2 ( + 50)( + 100) 2 ( + 50)( + 100) ( + 50)( + 100)
10 = 1/500
= + + + { = 3/50000
= 1/50000
2 ( + 50)( + 100) 2 + 50 + 100
= 1/12500
= 1/50
100
= + + { = 1/25
( + 50)( + 100) + 50 + 100
= 1/50
1
() = [100 3 + 4 50 100 ]
50000
1
[100( 10) 3 + 4 50(10) 100(10) ]10 ()
50000
1
[1 2 50(10) + 100(100) ]10 ()
50
1
() = [100 3 + 4 50 100 ] < 10
50000
1
{ [100 3 + 4 50 100 ]
50000
1 1
[100( 10) 3 + 4 50(10) 100(10) ] [100
50000 50
2 50(10) + 100(10) ]} , 10
1
() = [100 3 + 4 50 100 ] < 10
50000
1 1
{ [1000 + 4 50 4 50(10) 100 + 100(10) ] [1 2 50(10)
50000 50
+ 100(10) ]} , 10
Q(20segundos)=0
()
() =
t
L f (t ) L (t r ) f (r )dr L t
0
1
f ( s ) L f (r ) * g (t ) 2
s
1
f ( s ) L f ( r ) L t 2
s
1 1
f (s) f (s) 2 2
s s
1 1
f ( s ) 1 2 2
s s
1
f (s) 2
s 1
1
L1 f ( s ) L1 2
s 1
f (t ) sent t
f (t ) te rf (t r )dr
t
b) t
L f (t ) L tet L rf (t r )dr
0
1
f ( s) L g (t ) * f (t )
( s 1) 2
1
f ( s) L t L f (t )
( s 1) 2
1 1
f ( s) 2 f ( s)
( s 1) s
2
1 1
f ( s) 1 2
s ( s 1)
2
s2
f ( s)
( s 2 1)( s 1) 2
1/ 2 1/ 2 ( 3 / 2) s 1
f ( s)
s 1 ( s 1)
Ecuaciones
2
s 2 1 Prof. Castro
Diferenciales
1 1 1 1 3 s 1
f ( s)
2 s 1 2 ( s 1) 2 2 s 2 1 s 2 1
Aplicando la inversa de Laplace
1 1 1 1 3 s 1
L1 f ( s ) L1 2
2 2
2 s 1 2 ( s 1) 2 s 1 s 1
1 1 3
f (t ) et tet cosh t sinh t
2 2 2
c)
t
f (t ) f (r )dr 1
0
t
L f (t ) L f (r )dr L 1
0
f ( s) 1
f ( s)
s s
1 1
f ( s) 1
s s
1
f ( s)
s 1
Aplicando la inversa de Laplace
1
L1 f ( s ) L1
s 1
f (t ) et
d)
t
y(t ) 1 sin t y (r )dr
0
y (0) 0
t
L y (t ) L 1 sin t y (r )dr
0
1 1 y( s)
sy ( s ) 0 2
s s 1 s
1 1 1
y(s) s 2
s s s 1
1 s
y(s) 2 2
s 1 ( s 1) 2
1 s
L1 y ( s ) L1 2 2 2
s 1 ( s 1)
Ecuaciones Diferenciales Prof. Castro
s s 1
L1 2 2
L1 2 . 2
( s 1) s 1 s 1
s s
g ( s ) 2 ...........g (t ) L1 2 cos t
s 1 s 1
1 1
f ( s) .......... f ( s ) L1 2 sin t
s 1
2
s 1
s t t
L1 2 2
( s 1) 0
f (u ) g (t u ) 0 sin u.cos(t u )du
s t
1
L 2 2
sin u.(cos t cos u sin t sin u ) du
( s 1) 0
s t t
L1 2 2
( s 1)
cos t
0
sin u cos udu sin t
0
sin 2 udu
t
sin 2 u
t
1 s u sin u cos u
L 2 2
cos t sin t
( s 1) s 0 2 2 0
s cos t sin 2 t t sin t sin 2 t cos t t sin t
L1 2 2
Ahora remplazando en la
( s 1) 2 2 2 2 inversa de Laplac:
1 s
L1 y ( s ) L1 2 2 2
s 1 ( s 1)
t sin t
y (t ) sin t
2
1
viene dada por: H(s) = 2 ++
RESOLUCIN:
Por teora tenemos que una funcin de transferencia relaciona las entradas y salidas
de un sistema:
()
X(s) =2 ++
1
X(s) = 2 ++ ()
1
H(s) = 2 ++
1
H(s) = 2 ++
Si X(t) = (t)
Y(s)[a 2 + bs + c] = 1
1
Y(s) = 2 ++
Y(s) = H(s)
Por lo tanto Y(t) = H(t).
R1 I 3 (t )
E
I 2 (t )
I1 (t )
L
C
R2
Hallemos L(()) :
+
L(()) = . ()
0
4 +
= . 120 + . 120 4 . cos 3
0 4
4 +
= 120 + 120 . 4 cos 3
0 4
=+4
1 4 +
= 120 ( ) + 120 (+4) . 416 . cos(3 + 12)
0
resolvemos
+ (+4)
0 . cos(3 + 12)
du v
(+4) + (+4)
= cos(3 + 12). . ((3 + 12))3
( + 4) 0 ( + 4)
cos(12) 3 +
=
4
(+4)
+4 0
(3 + 12)
du v
(+4) + (+4)
(12) 3
= ( . (3 + 12) . cos(3 + 12) 3
4 ( + 4) ( + 4) 0 ( + 4)
+
cos(12) 3 9
= (12) (+4) . cos(3 + 12)
4 4 ( + 4) 0
1 4 (12) 3 ( + 4)2
L(()) = 120 ( ) + 120. 416 . ( (12)) . ( )
4 4 ( + 4)2 + 9
t
() = 60 I1 + 10 I2 (s)ds 1
0
t
0 = 6 I3 + 60 I3 + 10 I2 (s)ds malla 2
0
Aplico transformada
L( I2 )
() = 60( I1 ) + 10 s L(E) = 60 ( I1 ) + 10L( I2 )
s
L( I2 )
0 = 6 ( I3 ) 6 I3(0) + 60L( I3 ) + 10
s
0 = 6 2 ( I3 ) + 60( I3 ) + 10L( I2 )
I1 = I2 + I3 L( I1 ) = L( I2 ) + L( I3 )
0 = (6 2 + 60)( I3 ) + 10L( I2 )
10L( I2 )
6. ( I3 ) =
(s + 10)
10( I2 )
() = + (103 + 60)( I2 )
( + 10)
Reemplazando tenemos:
1
I2 = 10e10t + cos(60t) + 60.10. (60)
60
() + () + 4 () + 10 = 0
0
() + () + () = 0
(0) = 12
{ (0) = 6
()+()+4 0 ()
L(
()+()+()
) = (10
0
)
4() 10
() (0) + () + = )
( )
() (0) + () (0) + () = 0
4() 10
( + 1)() + + 12
( )=( )
() + ( + 1)() 6
4
+1
= = ( + 1)2 4
+1
10 4
+ 12
2
() = 6 + 1 = 12 + 2 34
( + 3)( 1)
A=34/3
B=17/3
C=-5
34 1 17 1 1
() = ( )+ ( ) + (5)( )
3 3 +3 1
34 1 17 1 1
1 {()} = 1 { ( )} + 1 { ( )} + 1 {(5)( )}
3 3 +3 1
34 17
() = + 3 5
3 3
10
+ 1 12
(16 6)
() = 6 =
( + 3)( 1)
16 6
= +
( + 3)( 1) + 3 1
A=5/2
B=-17/2
17 1 5 1
() = ( ) + ( )( )
2 +3 2 1
17 1 5 1
1 {()} = 1 { ( )} + 1 {( )( )}
2 +3 2 1
17 5
() = 3 +
2 2
() , , + 2 () , + () = sen(4) + + 2 + 82 ()
(0) = 2
(0), = 1
Solucin:
4 1 2 8 2 +( 2+5)
{()} = (2 +42 )(+1)2 + + + ;
(+1)4 (1)3 (+1)2 (+1)2
4 ( + ) ()
= + 2 +
( 2 + 42 )( + 1)2 + 1 ( + 4 ) ( + 1)2
2
4 (+) ()
S=0: = 1 + (+42 ) + (+1)2
(42 )(1)2
4 .0 (+)(0)2 () 4
S=-1: = + + (+1)2 ; = 1;
(17) 1 (17) (17)
4 (+) ()
S=: = +1 + (2 +42) + (+1)2 ;
(2 +42 )(+1)2
4 () () 4 () () ()
= + ()2 + ()2 ; =+ + ()2 ; = ; =
(2 )()2 (2 )()2
8 60 4
4 8 1 (17 + 17 ) ( )
(17)
= . + +
( 2 + 42 )( + 1)2 17 + 1 ( 2 + 42 ) ( + 1)2
1
4 8 8 cos(4) 15 sen(4) 4
{ 2 }= . + + +
( + 42 )( + 1)2 17 17 17 (17)
2 2
= + (+1)2+(1)1 + (1)2 + (1)3; = + 1 +1 + 1 + 1
(1)3 (+1)2 (+1)1 1 1
2 1 1 5 5 2
= 4-1+12 ; = 1+1 ; = +1
1 1 4 1 4 1
2
S=: = + (+1)2+(1)1 + (1)2 + (1)3
(1)3 (+1)2 (+1)1
2
= + ()2 +()1 + ()2 + ()3 ; = ()2 ; = ;
()3 ()2 ()1 ()1
2
S=2: = + (2+1)2 +(21)1 + (21)2 + (21)3
(21)3 (2+1)2 (2+1)1
1 1
2 2
4 2
= + (3)2 +(1)1 + (1)2 + (1)3 ; = + + + (1)2 +
(1)3 (3)2 (3)1 9 (3)1 9 (1)1 (1)3
1 2 5 2 3 1
4 = +1 Y = +1 ;=4; =4
(3)1 4 1
3 1 3 1 1
2
4 4
= + + 4 + 4
+ 2
(1)3 (+1)2 (+1)1 (+1)2 (1)1 (1)2 (1)3
2 3 3 3 1 1
1 { } = . . + . + . + . 2 ;
( 1)3 ( + 1)2 4 4 4 4 4
4 1 2 8 2 + ( 2 + 5)
{()} = + + +
( 2 + 42 )( + 1)2 ( + 1)4 ( 1)3 ( + 1)2 ( + 1)2
8 2 ( 2 + 2 + 3)
1 { + } = 8. ( 2) (+2) + 2. + 3. ;
( + 1)2 ( + 1)2
1 1
1 {(+1)4 } = 6 . 3 ;
PROBLEMA 19 .- () = 4 2 0 ()2( ); (0 = 2)
Resolucin
() (0) = 2 +16 2() 2 +4
2
() 2 = 2 +16 () 2 +4
2
() + () 2 +4 = 2 +16 + 2
2
() ( + 2 +4) = 2 +16 + 2
2 +16 2
() = 3 +6
+ 3 +6
2 +4 2 +4
2 +4 2(2 +4)
() = (2 +16)(2 +6) + (2 +6)
3 1 7 1 4 1
() = 10 . (2 +16) + 15 . (2 +6) + 3 .
Entonces:
3 7 4
() = 4 + 6 +
10 156 3
ejercicio 20
F(t)
4
2 6 8 10 t
e 2 s
2 s
e 2 sn * e 2 s e 2 s ( n 1) si hacemos n n-1
1 e n0 n 0
e 2 s
2 s
e 2 sn
1 e n 1
Reemplazando:
e 2 sn 2
e 2 sn 2
e 2 sn
f ( s ) 4
n 1 s n 1 s2 n 0 s2
e 2 sn 2
e 2 sn 2 1
e 2 sn
f ( s ) 4 2
n 1 s n 1 s 2
s n 1 s2
e 2 sn 2
f ( s ) 4
n 1 s s2
Ahora:
e 2 sn 2 1
x( s ) 4 ..........( )
n 1 s ( s 4 s 8) s 2 ( s 2 4 s 8) s 2 4 s 8
2
Hacemos:
1 1
r ( s)
s 2 4 s 8 ( s 2) 2 2 2
e 2t Sen 2t
r (s)
1
L
2
1 2 u
r (s) e 2t Sen 2t e 2t Cos 2t 1
t
e Sen 2u * du
L s 2
8
8
8
0
1 2 u
r (s) t t e Sen 2u * du e 2t Cos 2t 1 t
L s 2 0 0 2
16
16 8
Aplicamos L1 a ( ) y reemplazando :
e 2 sn * r ( s ) 2 1 r ( s )
L1 x( s ) 4 L 1* * L * s 2 L r (s)
1
n 1 s
1 r ( s ) 2 e 2t Cos 2t 1 t e 2t Sen 2t
X (t ) 4 U 2 n (t ) * L * *( )
n 1 s ( t 2 n ) 16 16 8 2
Finalmente:
e 2( t 2 n ) Sen 2(t 2n ) e 2( t 2 n )Cos 2(t 2n ) 1 1 e 2t Cos 2t 1 t e 2t Sen 2t
X (t ) U 2 n (t )( ) *( )
n 1 2 2 2 8 8 4 2