Índice

Evaluar una función En los ejercicios 9-12, evalúe (si es posible) la función
vectorial en cada valor dado de t. .............................................................................................. 3
Hallar una derivada En los ejercicios 9-20, halle r’(t) .......................................................... 7
Calcular una integral indefinida En los ejercicios 51-56, evalúe la integral definida 10
Movimiento de un proyectil ...................................................................................................... 11
Determinar las componentes tangencial y normal de la aceleración En los ejercicios
21-28, encuentre T(t), N(t), aT y aN en un instante dado t para la curva plana r(t). ...... 12
Determinar la curvatura En los ejercicios 61-64, halle la curvatura K de la curva. .... 16
Evaluar derivadas parciales En los ejercicios 59-64, evalúe
𝒇𝒙. 𝒇𝒚 𝒚 𝒇𝒛 𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒍 𝒑𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒅𝒂𝒅𝒐 ...................................................................................................... 17
Usar métodos diferentes En los ejercicios 5-10, encuentre dw/dt (a) utilizando la
regla de la cadena apropiada y (b) convirtiendo w en función de t antes de derivar 19
Hallar una derivada direccional En los ejercicios 5-8, utilice el teorema 4.9 para
encontrar la derivada direccional de la función en P en la dirección de v ................... 21
Hallar el gradiente de una función En los ejercicios 13-18, determine el gradiente de
la función en el punto dado. ...................................................................................................... 23
Hallar un vector unitario normal En los ejercicios 5-8 determine un vector unitario
normal a la superficie en el punto dado. [Sugerencia: Normalice el vector gradiente
∇F(x, y, z)]. ...................................................................................................................................... 24

2
Evaluar una función En los ejercicios 9-12, evalúe (si es posible) la función
vectorial en cada valor dado de t.
1
9. 𝒓(𝑡) = 2 𝑡 2 𝒊̂ − (𝑡 − 1)𝒋̂

(a) 𝒓(1)

1 1 1 𝟏
𝒓(1) = 𝑡 2 𝒊̂ − (𝑡 − 1)𝒋̂ = (1)2 𝒊̂ − (1 − 1)𝒋̂ = 1𝒊̂ − (0)𝒋̂ = 𝑖̂
2 2 2 𝟐

𝟏
𝒓(1) = 𝑖̂
𝟐

(b) 𝒓(0)

1 1 1
𝒓(0) = 𝑡 2 𝒊̂ − (𝑡 − 1)𝒋̂ = (0)2 𝒊̂ − (0 − 1)𝒋̂ = (0)𝒊̂ − (−1)𝒋̂ = 𝟏𝑗̂
2 2 2

𝒓(0) = 𝟏𝑗̂

(c) 𝒓(𝑠 + 1)

1 2 1 1
𝒓(𝑠 + 1) = 𝑡 𝒊̂ − (𝑡 − 1)𝒋̂ = (𝑠 + 1)2 𝒊̂ − (𝑠 + 1 − 1)𝒋̂ = (𝑠 + 1)2 𝒊̂ − (𝑠)𝒋̂
2 2 2

(𝑠 + 1)2
𝒓(𝑠 + 1) = 𝒊̂ − 𝑠𝒋̂
2

(d) 𝒓(2 + ∆𝑡) − 𝒓(2)

1 1
𝒓(2 + ∆𝑡) = 𝑡 2 𝒊̂ − (𝑡 − 1)𝒋̂ = (2 + ∆𝑡)2 𝒊̂ − (2 + ∆𝑡 − 1)𝒋̂
2 2

1 ∆𝑡 2
= (4 + 4∆𝑡 + ∆𝑡 2 )𝒊̂ − (1 + ∆𝑡)𝒋̂ = (2 + 2∆𝑡 + ) 𝒊̂ − (1 + ∆𝑡)𝒋̂
2 2

1 1 1
𝒓(2) = 𝑡 2 𝒊̂ − (𝑡 − 1)𝒋̂ = (2)2 𝒊̂ − (2 − 1)𝒋̂ = 4𝒊̂ − (1)𝒋̂ = 2𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂
2 2 2

∆𝑡 2
𝒓(2 + ∆𝑡) − 𝒓(2) = (2 + 2∆𝑡 + − 2) 𝒊̂ − (1 + ∆𝑡 − 1)𝒋̂
2

∆𝑡 2
= (2∆𝑡 + ) 𝒊̂ − (∆𝑡)𝒋̂
2

3
 ∆𝑡 2
𝒓(2 + ∆𝑡) − 𝒓(2) = (2∆𝑡 + ) 𝒊̂ − (∆𝑡)𝒋̂
2

10. 𝒓(𝑡) = cos 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝒋̂

(a) 𝒓(0)

𝒓(0) = cos 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝒋̂ = cos(0) 𝒊̂ − 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (0)𝒋̂ = 1𝒊̂ + 𝟐(0)𝒋̂ = 𝟏𝑖̂

𝒓(1) = 𝟏𝑖̂

(b) 𝒓(𝜋/4)

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 √2 √2
𝒓 ( ) = cos 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝒋̂ = cos ( ) 𝒊̂ + 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( ) 𝒋̂ = 𝒊̂ + 𝟐 ( ) 𝒋̂
4 4 4 2 2

√2
= 𝒊̂ + √𝟐𝒋̂
2

√2
𝒓(𝜋/4) = 𝒊̂ + √𝟐𝒋̂
2

(c) 𝒓(𝜃 − 𝜋)

𝒓(𝜃 − 𝜋) = cos 𝑡 𝒊̂ − 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝒋̂ = cos(𝜃 − 𝜋) 𝒊̂ + 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (𝜃 − 𝜋)𝒋̂

= (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 cos 𝜋 − −𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜋 sen 𝜃)𝒊̂ + 𝟐(𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃 cos 𝜋 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜋 cos 𝜃)𝒋̂

= (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃(−1) + (0) sen 𝜃)𝒊̂ + 𝟐(𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃(−1) − (0(cos 𝜃)𝒋̂

= −(cos 𝜃 𝒊̂ + 2𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃 𝒋̂)

𝒓(𝜃 − 𝜋) = −(cos 𝜃 𝒊̂ + 2𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃 𝒋̂)

𝜋 𝜋
(d) 𝒓( 6 + Δ𝑡) − 𝒓( 6 )

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝒓 ( + Δ𝑡) = cos 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝒋̂ = cos ( + Δ𝑡) 𝒊̂ + 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( + Δ𝑡) 𝒋̂
6 6 6
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= (𝑐𝑜𝑠 cos Δ𝑡 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 sen Δ𝑡) 𝒊̂ + 𝟐 (𝑠𝑒𝑛 cos Δ𝑡 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 Δ𝑡 cos ) 𝒋̂
6 6 6 6

4
 √3 1 1 √3
= (( ) cos Δ𝑡 − ( ) sen Δ𝑡) 𝒊̂ + 𝟐 ( (cos Δ𝑡) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 Δ𝑡 ) 𝒋̂
2 2 2 2

√3 1
= (( ) cos Δ𝑡 − ( ) sen Δ𝑡) 𝒊̂ + ((cos Δ𝑡) + √𝟑𝑠𝑒𝑛 Δ𝑡) 𝒋̂
2 2

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 √3 1 √3
𝒓 ( ) = cos 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝒋̂ = cos ( ) 𝒊̂ + 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( ) 𝒋̂ = 𝒊̂ + 1 𝒋̂ = 𝒊̂ + 1𝒋̂
6 6 6 2 2 2
𝜋 𝜋
𝒓 ( + Δ𝑡) − 𝒓 ( )
6 6

√3 1 √3
= (( ) cos Δ𝑡 − ( ) sen Δ𝑡 − ) 𝒊̂ + ((cos Δ𝑡) + √𝟑𝑠𝑒𝑛 Δ𝑡 − 1) 𝒋̂
2 2 2

1
= (√3(cos Δ𝑡 − 1) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 Δ𝑡)𝒊̂ + ((cos Δ𝑡) + √𝟑𝑠𝑒𝑛 Δ𝑡 − 1) 𝒋̂
2
𝜋 𝜋
𝒓 ( + Δ𝑡) − 𝒓 ( )
6 6

1
= (√3(cos Δ𝑡 − 1) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 Δ𝑡)𝒊̂ + ((cos Δ𝑡) + √𝟑𝑠𝑒𝑛 Δ𝑡 − 1) 𝒋̂
2
1
̂
11. 𝒓(𝑡) = ln 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 𝑡 𝒋̂ + 3𝑡 𝒌

(a) 𝒓(2)

1 1 1
𝒓(2) = ln 𝑡 𝒊̂ + ̂ = ln(2) 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ + 3(2)𝒌
𝒋̂ + 3𝑡 𝒌 ̂ = 0.693𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ + 6𝒌
̂
𝑡 2 2

1
𝒓(2) = 0.693𝒊̂ + ̂
𝒋̂ + 6𝒌
2

(b) 𝒓(−3)

1 1
𝒓(−3) = ln 𝑡 𝒊̂ + ̂ = ln(−3) 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ + 3(2)𝒌
𝒋̂ + 3𝑡 𝒌 ̂ 𝑵𝒐 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒍𝒏(−𝟑)
𝑡 2

𝒓(−3) 𝑁𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑜

5
 (c) 𝒓(𝑡 − 4)

1 1
𝒓(𝑡 − 4) = ln 𝑡 𝒊̂ + ̂ = ln(𝑡 − 4) 𝒊̂ +
𝒋̂ + 3𝑡 𝒌 ̂
𝒋̂ + 3(𝑡 − 4)𝒌
𝑡 𝑡−4

1
𝒓(𝑡 − 4) = ln(𝑡 − 4) 𝒊̂ + ̂
𝒋̂ + 3(𝑡 − 4)𝒌
𝑡−4

(d) 𝒓(1 + Δ𝑡) − 𝒓(1)

1 1
𝒓(1 + Δ𝑡) = ln 𝑡 𝒊̂ + ̂ = ln(1 + Δ𝑡) 𝒊̂ +
𝒋̂ + 3𝑡 𝒌 ̂
𝒋̂ + 3(1 + Δ𝑡)𝒌
𝑡 1 + Δ𝑡

1
= ln(1 + Δ𝑡) 𝒊̂ + ̂
𝒋̂ + (3 + 3Δ𝑡)𝒌
1 + Δ𝑡

1 1
𝒓(1) = ln 𝑡 𝒊̂ + ̂ = ln(1) 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ + 3(1)𝒌
𝒋̂ + 3𝑡 𝒌 ̂ = 0𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ + 𝟑𝒌
̂ 𝒓(1 + Δ𝑡) − 𝒓(1)
𝑡 1

1
= ln(1 + Δ𝑡) 𝒊̂ + ( ̂
− 𝟏) 𝒋̂ + (3 + Δ𝑡 − 3)𝒌
1 + Δ𝑡

1
= ln(1 + Δ𝑡) 𝒊̂ + ( ̂
− 𝟏) 𝒋̂ + 𝟑Δ𝑡𝒌
𝒕+𝟏

𝟏
𝒓(1 + Δ𝑡) − 𝒓(1) = ln(1 + Δ𝑡) 𝒊̂ + ( ̂
− 𝟏) 𝒋̂ + 𝟑Δ𝑡𝒌
𝒕+𝟏
3
̂
11. 𝒓(𝑡) = √𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑡 2 𝒋̂ + 𝑒 −𝒕/𝟒 𝒌

(a) 𝒓(0)

3 3
̂ = √0𝒊̂ + 02 𝒋̂ + 𝑒 −𝟎/𝟒 𝒌
𝒓(0) = √𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑡 2 𝒋̂ + 𝑒 −𝒕/𝟒 𝒌 ̂ = 0𝒊̂ + 0 𝒋̂ + 𝑒 𝟎 𝒌
̂=𝒌
̂

̂
𝒓(0) = 𝒌

(b) 𝒓(4)

3 𝒕 3 𝟒
𝒓(4) = √𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑡 2 𝒋̂ + 𝑒 −𝟒 𝒌
̂ = √4𝒊̂ + 42 𝒋̂ + 𝑒 −𝟒 𝒌
̂ = 2𝒊̂ + 8 𝒋̂ + 𝑒 −𝟏 𝒌
̂

̂
= 2𝒊̂ + 8𝒋̂ + 0.3679 𝒌

̂
𝒓(4) = 2𝒊̂ + 8𝒋̂ + 0.3679 𝒌

6
 (c) 𝒓(𝑐 + 2)

3 3
̂ = √𝑐 + 2𝒊̂ + (𝑐 + 2)2 𝒋̂ + 𝑒 −(𝒄+𝟐)/𝟒 𝒌
𝒓(𝑐 + 2) = √𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑡 2 𝒋̂ + 𝑒 −𝒕/𝟒 𝒌 ̂

3
̂
𝒓(𝑐 + 2) = √𝑐 + 2𝒊̂ + (𝑐 + 2)2 𝒋̂ + 𝑒 −(𝒄+𝟐)/𝟒 𝒌

(d) 𝒓(9 + Δ𝑡) − 𝒓(9)

3 3
̂ = √9 + Δ𝑡𝒊̂ + (9 + Δ𝑡)2 𝒋̂ + 𝑒 −(𝟗+𝚫𝒕)/𝟒 𝒌
𝒓(9 + Δ𝑡) = √𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑡 2 𝒋̂ + 𝑒 −𝒕/𝟒 𝒌 ̂

3 3
̂ = √9𝒊̂ + 92 𝒋̂ + 𝑒 −𝟗/𝟒 𝒌
𝒓(9) = √𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑡 2 𝒋̂ + 𝑒 −𝒕/𝟒 𝒌 ̂ = 3𝒊̂ + 27 𝒋̂ + 0.1054 𝒌
̂

3 𝟗+𝚫𝒕
𝒓(9 + Δ𝑡) − 𝒓(9) = (√9 + Δ𝑡 − 3)𝒊̂ + ((9 + Δ𝑡)2 − 27) 𝒋̂ + (𝑒 − 𝟒 ̂
− 0.1054) 𝒌

Hallar una derivada En los ejercicios 9-20, halle r’(t)

9. 𝒓(𝑡) = 𝑡 3 𝒊̂ − 3𝑡𝒋̂

𝑑(𝑡 3 𝒊̂−3𝑡𝒋̂) 𝑑 𝒅
𝒓′ (𝑡) = = 𝑑𝑡 𝑡 3 𝒊̂ − 𝒅𝒕 3𝑡𝒋̂ = 3𝑡 3−1 𝒊̂ − 3𝒋̂ = 3𝑡 2 𝒊̂ − 3𝒋̂ = 3(𝑡 2 𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂)
𝑑𝑡

𝒓′ (𝑡) = 3𝑡 2 𝒊̂ − 3𝒋̂ = 3(𝑡 2 𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂)

10. 𝒓(𝑡) = √𝑡𝒊̂ + (1 − 𝑡 3 )𝒋̂

1
𝑑 (𝑡 2 𝒊̂ − (1 − 𝑡 3 )𝒋̂) 𝑑 1 𝑑 1 1
𝒓′ (𝑡) = = 𝑡 2 𝒊̂ + (1 − 𝑡 3 )𝑗̂ = 𝑡 2−1 𝒊̂ + (−3𝑡 3−1 )𝒋̂
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2

1
= 𝒊̂ − 3𝑡 2 𝒋̂
2√𝑡
1
𝒓′ (𝑡) = 2 𝑡 𝒊̂ − 3𝑡 2 𝒋̂
√

11. 𝒓(𝑡) = 〈2 cos 𝑡 , 5 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡〉

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝒓′ (𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡 〈2 cos 𝑡 , 5 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡〉 = 〈𝑑𝑡 2 cos 𝑡 , 𝑑𝑡 5 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡〉 = 〈−2 sen 𝑡 , 5 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡〉

12. 𝒓(𝑡) = 〈𝑡 cos 𝑡 , −2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡〉

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝒓′ (𝑡) = 𝑑𝑡 〈𝑡 cos 𝑡 , −2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡〉 = 〈𝑑𝑡 𝑡 cos 𝑡 , 𝑑𝑡 − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡〉 =

7
 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
〈cos 𝑡 𝑡 + 𝑡 cos 𝑡 , − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡〉
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑
= 〈cos 𝑡 − 𝑡 sen 𝑡 , − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡〉
𝑑𝑡

̂
13. 𝒓(𝑡) = 6𝑡𝒊̂ − 7𝑡 2 𝒋̂ + 𝑡 3 𝒌

̂) 𝑑
𝑑(6𝑡𝒊̂ − 7𝑡 2 𝒋̂ + 𝑡 3 𝒌 𝑑 𝑑
𝒓′ (𝑡) = ̂
= 6𝑡𝒊̂ + (−7𝑡 2 )𝑗̂ + (𝑡 3 )𝒌
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

̂
= 6𝒊̂ − 7(2)𝑡 2−2 𝒋̂ + 3𝑡 3−1 𝒌

̂
= 6𝒊̂ − 14𝑡𝒋̂ + 3𝑡 2 𝒌

1 𝑡2
14. 𝒓(𝑡) = 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 16𝑡𝒋̂ + ̂
𝒌
2

1 𝑡2 ̂
𝑑 ( 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 16𝑡𝒋̂ + 2 𝒌 ) 𝑑 −1 𝑑 𝑑 𝑡2
𝒓 ′ (𝑡)
= ̂
= 𝑡 𝒊̂ + (16𝑡)𝑗̂ + ( ) 𝒌
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2

2𝑡 2−1
= −1𝑡 −1−1
𝒊̂ + 16𝒋̂ + ̂
𝒌
2

1
=− ̂
𝒊̂ + 16𝒋̂ + 𝑡𝒌
𝑡2

̂
15. 𝒓(𝑡) = 𝑎 cos3 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑛3 𝑡𝒋̂ + 𝒌

̂) 𝑑
𝑑(𝑎 cos3 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑛3 𝑡𝒋̂ + 𝒌 𝑑 𝑑
𝒓 ′ (𝑡)
= = 𝑎 cos 3 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 𝑎 sen3 𝑡 𝑗̂ + 𝒌 ̂
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑 𝑑
= 𝑎(3cos2 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝒊̂ + 3sen2 𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑗̂) = 3𝑎(− cos 2 𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝒋̂)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

̂
16. 𝒓(𝑡) = 4√𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑡 2 √𝑡𝒋̂ + ln 𝑡 2 𝒌

̂) 𝑑 1
𝑑(4√𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑡 2 √𝑡 + ln 𝑡 2 𝒌 𝑑 5 𝑑
𝒓′ (𝑡) = ̂
= 4𝑡 2 𝒊̂ + 𝑡 2 𝑗̂ + ln 𝑡 2 𝒌
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

1 5 2 2 5 2
= 4 ( ) 𝑡1/2−1 𝒊̂ + 𝑡 5/2−1 𝒋̂ + 𝒌̂= 𝒊̂ + √𝑡 3 𝒋̂ + 𝒌̂
2 2 𝑡 √𝑡 2 𝑡

8
 ̂
17. 𝒓(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑡 𝒊̂ + 4𝒋̂ + 5𝑡𝑒 𝑡 𝒌

̂) 𝑑
𝑑(𝑒 −𝑡 𝒊̂ + 4𝒋̂ + 𝒌 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝒓′ (𝑡) = ̂ = −𝑒 −𝑡 𝒊̂ + 5𝑡 𝑒 𝑡 + 5𝑒 𝑡 𝑡𝒌
= 𝑒 −𝑡 𝒊̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 𝒌 ̂
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

̂ = −𝑒 −𝑡 𝒊̂ + 5𝑒 𝑡 (1 + 𝑡)𝒌
= −𝑒 −𝑡 𝒊̂ + 5𝑡𝑒 𝑡 + 5𝑒 𝑡 𝒌 ̂

18. 𝒓(𝑡) = 〈𝑡 3 , cos 3𝑡 , 𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑡〉

𝑑 3 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝒓′ (𝑡) = 〈𝑡 , cos 3𝑡 , 𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑡〉 = 〈 𝑡 3 , 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑡, 𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑡〉
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

= 〈3𝑡 3−1 , −3𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑡, 3cos 3𝑡〉 = 3〈𝑡 2 , −𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑡, cos 3𝑡〉

19. 𝒓(𝑡) = 〈𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡, 𝑡 cos 𝑡 , 𝑡〉

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝒓′ (𝑡) = 〈𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡, 𝑡 cos 𝑡 , 𝑡〉 = 〈 𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡, 𝑡 cos 𝑡 , 𝑡〉
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
= 〈𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝑡+𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 𝑡 + 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡, 1〉
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

= 〈𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 + 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡 − 𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡, 1〉

20. 𝒓(𝑡) = 〈𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡, arccos 𝑡 , 0〉

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝒓′ (𝑡) = 〈𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡, arccos 𝑡 , 0〉 = 〈 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡, arccos 𝑡 , 0〉
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

1 1
=〈 ,− , 0〉
√1 − 𝑡 2 √1 − 𝑡 2

9
Calcular una integral indefinida En los ejercicios 51-56, evalúe la integral
definida
1+1 1 1+1 1
1
̂ )𝑑𝑡 = ∫1 8𝑡𝑑𝑡𝒊̂ + ∫1 𝑡𝑑𝑡𝒋̂ − ∫1 𝑑𝑡𝒌
51. ∫0 (8𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑡𝒋̂ − 𝒌 ̂ = [8𝑡 ] 𝒊̂ + [𝑡 ] 𝒋̂ −
0 0 0 2 2 0 0
1
𝑡2 12 02
̂ = [4𝑡 2 ]10 𝒊̂ + [ ] 𝒋̂ − [𝑡]10 𝒌
[𝑡]10 𝒌 ̂ = [4(1)2 − 4(0)2 ] 𝒊̂ + [ − ̂ = 4𝒊̂ +
] 𝒋̂ − [1 − 0] 𝒌
2 0 2 2
1
̂
𝒋̂ − 𝒌
2

1
1 1 1 1 𝑡 1+1
̂ )𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑡𝑑𝑡𝒊̂ + ∫ 𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡𝒋̂ + ∫ 𝑡1/3 𝑑𝑡𝒌
52. ∫−1(𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑡 3 𝒋̂ + √𝒕𝒌
𝟑
̂ =[ ] 𝒊̂ +
−1 −1 −1 2 −1
1 1 1 1 1
𝑡 3+1 𝑡 1/3+1 2 𝑡4 12 (−1)2
[ ] 𝒋̂ + [ ] ̂ = [𝑡 ]
𝒌 𝒊̂ + [ 4 ]
3
𝒋̂ + [4 𝑡 4/3 ] = [2 − ] 𝒊̂ +
4 −1 4/3 −1 2 −1 −1 −1 2
4 4
14 (−1)4 3
[4 − ̂ = 0𝒊̂ + 0𝒋̂ + 𝟎𝒌
] 𝒋̂ − [4 (13 − (−1)3 ] 𝒌 ̂=0
4

𝜋/2
53. ∫0 ̂ ) 𝑑𝑡 = ∫𝜋/2 a cos 𝑡 𝑑𝑡𝒊̂ + ∫𝜋/2 a sen 𝑡 𝑑𝑡𝒋̂ +
(( a cos 𝑡)𝒊̂ + ( a sen 𝑡)𝒋̂ + 𝒌 0 0
𝜋/2
∫0 𝑑𝑡𝒌 ̂ = 𝑎 [𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜋 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 0] 𝒊̂ −
̂ = 𝑎[𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡]𝜋/2 𝒊̂ + 𝑎[−cos 𝑡]𝜋/2 𝒋̂ + [𝑡]𝜋/2 𝒌
0 0 0 2

cos 𝜋 𝜋
𝑎 [− ̂ = 𝑎(𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂) + 𝜋/2𝒌
+ cos 0] 𝒋̂ + [ 2 − 0] 𝒌 ̂
2

𝜋/4 𝜋/4
54. ∫0 ̂ ) 𝑑𝑡 = ∫
((sec 𝑡 tan 𝑡)𝒊̂ + (tan 𝑡)𝒋̂ + (2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 cos 𝑡) 𝒌 sec 𝑡 tan 𝑡 𝑑𝑡𝒊̂ +
0
𝜋/4 𝜋/4 𝜋/4 𝜋/4
∫0 tan 𝑡 𝑑𝑡𝒋̂ + 2 ∫0 ̂ = [𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑡] 𝒊̂ + [−ln (|cos 𝑡|)] 𝒋̂ +
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 cos 𝑡 𝑑𝑡𝒌 0 0
𝜋/4
1
2 [2 cos2 𝑡] ̂ = [𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜋 − sec 0] 𝒊̂ − [ln (|cos 𝜋/4|)] 𝒋̂ + [cos 2 𝜋/4 − cos 2 0] 𝒌
𝒌 ̂ = (√2 −
0 4 |cos 0|

1
̂
1)𝒊̂ − 0.3466𝒋̂ + 2 𝒌

2 2 2 2 2
̂ )𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑡𝑑𝑡𝒊̂ + ∫ 𝑒 𝑡 𝑡𝑑𝑡𝒋̂ − ∫ 𝑡𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡𝒌
55. ∫0 (𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑒 𝑡 𝒋̂ − 𝑡𝑒 𝑡 𝒌 ̂ = ∫ 𝑡𝑑𝑡𝒊̂ +
0 0 0 0
1+1 2 2 2
2 2
̂ = [𝑡 ] 𝒊̂ + [𝑒 𝑡 ]20 𝒋̂ + [𝑒 𝑡 (𝑡 − 1)]20 𝒌
∫0 𝑒 𝑡 𝑡𝑑𝑡𝒋̂ − (𝑡𝑒 𝑡 − ∫0 𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡)𝒌 ̂ = [𝑡 ] 𝒊̂ + [𝑒 𝑡 ]20 𝒋̂ −
2 2 0 0
22 02
̂=[
[𝑒 𝑡 (𝑡 − 1)]20 𝒌 − ̂ = 2𝒊̂ + 6.3891𝒋̂ −
] 𝒊̂ + [𝑒 2 − 𝑒 0 ] 𝒋̂ + [𝑒 2 (2 − 1) − 𝑒 0 (0 − 1)] 𝒌
2 2

̂
8.3891𝒌

2 2 2 2
56. ∫0 ‖𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑡 2 𝒋̂‖𝑑𝑡 = ∫ √𝑡 2 + 𝑡 4 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ √𝑡 2 (1 + 𝑡 2 ) 𝑑𝑡 ∫ 𝑡√(1 + 𝑡 2 ) 𝑑𝑡 =
0 0 0
2
√(𝑡 2 +1)3 √(22 +1)3 √(02 +1)3
[ ] =[ − ] = 3.393444
3 3 3
0

10
Movimiento de un proyectil En los ejercicios 39 y 40, use el modelo para el
modelo para el movimiento de un proyectil, suponiendo que no hay
resistencia del aire, [g=-9.8 metros por segundo al cuadrado]
39. Determine la altura y el alcance máximos de un proyectil disparado desde una
altura de 1.5 metros sobre el nivel del suelo con una velocidad inicial de 100
metros por segundo y con un ángulo de 30° sobre la horizontal.

1
𝒓(𝑡) = (𝑣0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑡𝒊̂ + [ℎ + (𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃)𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2 ] 𝒋̂
2

𝒗(𝑡) = (𝑣0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝒊̂ + [(𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃) − 𝑔𝑡 ]𝒋̂

Cuando y’(t)=0 se alcanza la altura y alcance máximos

50 50 𝑚/𝑠
𝑦 ′ (𝑡) = (𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃) − 𝑔𝑡 = 100𝑠𝑒𝑛(30°) − 9.8𝑡 = 0 𝑡𝑦 = = (9.8 𝑚/𝑠2 ) = 5.10204 𝑠
𝑔

𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2𝑡𝑦 = 2(5.10204 𝑠) = 10.2041 𝑠

1
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑦(5.10204 𝑠) = 1.5 + 50𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2
2

1 9.8𝑚
= 1.5𝑚 + 50 𝑚/𝑠 (5.10204 𝑠) − ( 2 ) (5.10204 𝑠)2 = 129.051𝑚
2 𝑠
𝑚
𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑥(2.551) = √3 50 ( ) (10.2041 𝑠) = 883.701 𝑚
𝑠

40. Un proyectil se dispara desde el nivel del suelo con un ángulo de 8° con la
horizontal. El proyectil debe tener un alcance de 50 metros. Halle la velocidad
mínima necesaria.

2𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 2𝑣0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃

𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ( ) = (𝑣0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝑡 = (𝑣0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) ( )
𝑔 𝑔

2𝑣02 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
= = 50𝑚
𝑔

50𝑔 50(9.8)
𝑣𝑜 = √ =√ = 42.1628 𝑚/𝑠
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 2cos (8°)𝑠𝑒𝑛(8°)

11
Determinar las componentes tangencial y normal de la aceleración En los
ejercicios 21-28, encuentre T(t), N(t), aT y aN en un instante dado t para la
curva plana r(t).
1
21. 𝒓(𝑡) = 𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑡 𝒋̂, 𝑡 = 1

𝑑 1 𝑑 2 1
𝒓(𝑡) = 𝒗(𝑡) = 𝒊̂ − 𝑡 2 𝒋̂ 𝒗(𝑡) = 𝒂(𝑡) = 𝑡 3 𝒋̂ ‖𝒗(𝑡)‖ = √1 + 𝑡 4
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

1
𝒊̂ −
𝒋̂ 1 1
𝑻(𝑡) = 𝑡2 = (𝑡 2 𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂) = ̂
(𝒊̂ − 𝒋)
4 + 1
√1 + 14 √𝑡 √2
𝑡

2𝑡 2(1)
(𝒊̂ + 𝑡 2 𝒋̂) (𝒊̂ + 12 𝒋̂)
√(𝑡 4
+ 1) 3 √((1) + 1) 3
𝑵(𝑡) = 2 = = √2(𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂)
4𝑡 4 4(1)2 4
(1 + 𝑡 ) (1 + 1 )
(𝑡 4 + 1)3 (14 + 1)3

2 1
𝑎𝑇 = 𝒂 ∗ 𝑻 = 𝒋̂ ∗ (𝒊̂ − ̂ = − √𝟐 = − √𝟐 = −√𝟐 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝒋)
𝑡3 √2 𝑡3 13

2 √2 √2
𝑎𝑁 = 𝒂 ∗ 𝑻 = 𝒋̂ ∗ √2(𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ ) = = 3 = √2 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡3 𝑡3 1

22. 𝒓(𝑡) = 𝑡 2 𝒊̂ + 2𝑡𝒋̂, 𝑡 = 1

𝑑 𝑑
𝒓(𝑡) = 𝒗(𝑡) = 2(𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂) 𝒗(𝑡) = 𝒂(𝑡) = 2𝒊̂ ‖𝒗(𝑡)‖ = √4𝑡 2 + 4
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

(𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂) (𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂) 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂

𝑻(𝑡) = = =
√(𝑡 2 + 1) √(12 + 1) √2

𝒊̂ + 𝑡𝒋̂
√(𝑡 2 + 1)3 (𝒊̂ − 𝑡𝒋̂) (𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂) (𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂)
𝑵(𝑡) = = = =
1 √𝑡 2 + 1 √12 + 1 √2
2
𝑡 +1

𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
𝑎 𝑇 = 𝒂 ∗ 𝑻 = 2𝒊̂ ∗ = √𝟐 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
√2

(𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂)
𝑎𝑁 = 𝒂 ∗ 𝑻 = 2𝒊̂ ∗ = √𝟐 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
√2

12
23. 𝒓(𝑡) = (𝑡 − 𝑡 3 )𝒊̂ + 2𝑡 2 𝒋̂, 𝑡 = 1

𝑑 𝑑
𝒓(𝑡) = 𝒗(𝑡) = (1 − 3𝑡 2 )𝒊̂ + 4𝑡𝒋̂ 𝒗(𝑡) = 𝒂(𝑡) = 6𝑡𝒊̂ + 4𝒋̂ ‖𝒗(𝑡)‖ =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

√(1 − 3𝑡 2 )2 + 16𝑡 2

1 4 1 4
(1 − 3𝑡 2 )𝒊̂ + 4𝑡𝒋̂ −(𝑡 2 − 3)𝒊̂ + 3 𝑡𝒋̂ −(12 − 3)𝒊̂ + 3 𝒋̂ −𝒊̂ + 2𝒋̂
𝑻(𝑡) = = = =
10 1 √5
3√𝑡 4 + 9 𝑡 2 + 9 √𝑡 4 + 10 𝑡 2 + 1 √14 + 10 12 + 1
9 9 9 9

16 1 4 1
𝑡 (𝑡 2 + ) 𝒊̂ + (𝑡 4 − ) 𝒋̂
− 9 3 3
3
9
√(𝑡 4 + 10 𝑡 2 + 1) −4𝑡𝒊̂ + (3𝑡 2 − 1)𝒋̂ −4𝒊̂ + (3(1)2 − 1)𝒋̂
9 9
𝑵(𝑡) = = =
9𝑡 4 − 6𝑡 2 + 17 √9𝑡 4 + 10𝑡 2 + 1 √9(1)4 + 10(1)2 + 1
√ 4
9𝑡 + 10𝑡 2 + 1

−𝒊̂ + 𝟐𝒋̂
=
√5

−𝒊̂ + 2𝒋̂ 𝟔𝒕 + 𝟖 𝟔+𝟖 𝟏𝟒 𝟐

𝑎 𝑇 = 𝒂 ∗ 𝑻 = (−6𝑡𝒊̂ + 4𝒋̂) ∗ = = = 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
√5 √𝟓 √𝟓 √𝟓

−2𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ 𝟏𝟐𝒕 + 𝟒 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟖
𝑎𝑁 = 𝒂 ∗ 𝑵 = (−6𝑡𝒊̂ + 4𝒋̂) ∗ = = = 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
√5 √𝟓 √𝟓 √𝟓

24. 𝒓(𝑡) = (𝑡 4 − 4𝑡)𝒊̂ + (𝑡 2 − 1)𝒋̂, 𝑡 = 0

𝑑 𝑑
𝒓(𝑡) = 𝒗(𝑡) = 4(𝑡 3 − 1)𝒊̂ + 2𝑡𝒋̂ 𝒗(𝑡) = 𝒂(𝑡) = 12𝑡 2 𝒊̂ + 2𝒋̂
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

‖𝒗(𝑡)‖ = 2√4𝑡 6 − 8𝑡 3 + 𝑡 2 + 4

2(𝑡 3 − 1)𝒊̂ + 𝑡𝒋̂ 2(03 − 1)𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ ̂𝒋

𝑻(𝑡) = = = −𝒊̂ +
√4𝑡 6 − 8𝑡 3 + 𝑡 2 + 4 √4(0)6 − 8(0)3 + (0)2 + 4 𝟐

2(𝑡 3 − 1)𝒊̂ + 𝑡𝒋̂

√4𝑡 6 − 8𝑡 3 + 𝑡 2 + 4 2(𝑡 3 − 1)𝒊̂ + 𝑡𝒋̂ 2(13 − 1)𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
𝑵(𝑡) = = = = 𝒋̂
4(𝑡 3 − 1)2 + 𝑡 2 √4(𝑡 3 − 1)2 + 𝑡 2 √4(13 − 1)2 + 12
√ 6
4𝑡 − 8𝑡 3 + 𝑡 2 + 4

̂𝒋
𝑎 𝑇 = 𝒂 ∗ 𝑻 = (12𝑡 2 𝒊̂ + 2𝒋̂) ∗ (−𝒊̂ + ) = −𝟏𝟐𝒕𝟐 + 𝟏 = −𝟏𝟐(𝟎)𝟐 + 𝟏 = 𝟏𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝟐

13
𝑎𝑁 = 𝒂 ∗ 𝑵 = (12𝑡 2 𝒊̂ + 2𝒋̂) ∗ 𝒋̂ = 𝟐𝒎/𝒔𝟐

25 𝒓(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝒋̂, 𝑡 = 0

𝑑 𝑑
𝒓(𝑡) = 𝒗(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡 𝒊̂ − 2𝑒 −2𝑡 𝒋̂ 𝒗(𝑡) = 𝒂(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 4𝑒 −2𝑡 𝒋̂
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

‖𝒗(𝑡)‖ = √𝑒 2𝑡 + 𝑒 −4𝑡

𝑒 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝒋̂ 𝑒 0 𝒊̂ + 𝑒 0 𝒋̂ 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
𝑻(𝑡) = = =
√𝑒 2𝑡 + 𝑒 −4𝑡 √𝑒 0 + 𝑒 0 √2

𝑒 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝒋̂
2𝑡 + 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑒 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝒋̂ 𝑒 0 𝒊̂ + 𝑒 −2(0) 𝒋̂ 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
𝑵(𝑡) = √𝑒 = = =
2𝑡 −4𝑡 √𝑒 2𝑡 + 𝑒 −4𝑡 √2
√𝑒 2𝑡 + 𝑒 −4𝑡 √𝑒 2(0) + 𝑒 −4(0)
𝑒 +𝑒

𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ 𝒆𝒕 𝟒𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝒆𝟎 𝟒𝒆−𝟐(𝟎) 𝟓
𝑎 𝑇 = 𝒂 ∗ 𝑻 = (𝑒 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 4𝑒 −2𝑡 𝒋̂) ∗ ( )= + = + = 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
√2 √𝟐 √𝟐 √𝟐 √𝟐 √𝟐

𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ 𝒆𝒕 𝟒𝒆−𝟐𝒕 𝒆𝟎 𝟒𝒆−𝟐(𝟎) 𝟓
𝑎𝑁 = 𝒂 ∗ 𝑵 = (𝑒 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 4𝑒 −2𝑡 𝒋̂) ∗ ( )= + = + = 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
√2 √𝟐 √𝟐 √𝟐 √𝟐 √𝟐

̂, 𝑡 = 0
26. 𝒓(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 𝑒 −𝑡 𝒋̂ + 𝑡𝒌

𝑑 𝑑
̂,
𝒓(𝑡) = 𝒗(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡 𝒊̂ − 𝑒 −𝑡 𝒋̂ + 𝒌 𝒗(𝑡) = 𝒂(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 𝑒 −𝑡 𝒋̂
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

‖𝒗(𝑡)‖ = √𝑒 2𝑡 + 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 1

̂
𝑒 𝑡 𝒊̂ − 𝑒 −𝑡 𝒋̂ + 𝒌 ̂
𝑒 0 𝒊̂ − 𝑒 −0 𝒋̂ + 𝒌 ̂
𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂ + 𝒌
𝑻(𝑡) = = =
√𝑒 2𝑡 + 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 1 √𝑒 2(0) + 𝑒 −2(0) + 1 √3

̂
𝑒 𝑡 𝒊̂ − 𝑒 −𝑡 𝒋̂ + 𝒌
2𝑡 + 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 1 ̂
𝑒 𝑡 𝒊̂ − 𝑒 −𝑡 𝒋̂ + 𝒌 ̂
𝑒 0 𝒊̂ − 𝑒 −0 𝒋̂ + 𝒌 ̂
𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂ + 𝒌
𝑵(𝑡) = √𝑒 = = =
2𝑡 −2𝑡 √𝑒 2𝑡 + 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 1 √𝑒 2(0) + 𝑒 −2(0) + 1 √3
√𝑒 2𝑡 + 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 1
𝑒 +𝑒 +1

̂
𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂ + 𝒌 𝒆𝒕 𝒆−𝒕 𝒆𝟎 𝒆𝟎
𝑎 𝑇 = 𝒂 ∗ 𝑻 = (𝑒 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 𝑒 −𝑡 𝒋̂) ∗ ( )= − = − = 𝟎 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
√2 √𝟐 √𝟐 √𝟐 √𝟐

̂
𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂ + 𝒌 𝒆𝒕 𝒆−𝒕 𝒆𝟎 𝒆𝟎
𝑎𝑁 = 𝒂 ∗ 𝑵 = (𝑒 𝑡 𝒊̂ + 𝑒 −𝑡 𝒋̂) ∗ ( )= − = − = 𝟎 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
√3 √𝟑 √𝟑 √𝟑 √𝟑
14
27. 𝒓(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝒊̂ + 𝑒 𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝒋̂, 𝑡 = 𝜋/2

𝑑
𝒓(𝑡) = 𝒗(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡 ((cos 𝑡 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡)𝒊̂ + (cos 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡)𝒋̂),
𝑑𝑡

𝑑
𝒗(𝑡) = 𝒂(𝑡) = 2𝑒 𝑡 (−𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝒊̂ + cos 𝑡 𝒋̂)
𝑑𝑡

‖𝒗(𝑡)‖ = √2𝑒 𝑡

𝑒 𝑡 ((cos 𝑡 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡)𝒊̂ + (cos 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡)𝒋̂)

𝑻(𝑡) =
√2𝑒 𝑡

((cos 𝑡 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡)𝒊̂ + (cos 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡)𝒋̂)

=
√2

((cos 𝜋/2 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜋/2)𝒊̂ + (cos 𝜋/2 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜋/2)𝒋̂) −𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂

= =
√2 √2

((cos 𝑡 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡)𝒊̂ + (cos 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡)𝒋̂)

𝑵(𝑡) = √2
2 2
√(cos 𝑡 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡) + (cos 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡)
2

((cos 𝑡 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡)𝒊̂ + (cos 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡)𝒋̂) −𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂

= =
√(cos 𝑡 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡) 2 + (cos 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡) 2 √2

−𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ 𝟐𝒆𝒕 𝟐𝒆𝒕

𝑎 𝑇 = 𝒂 ∗ 𝑻 = (2𝑒 𝑡 (−𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝒊̂ + cos 𝑡 𝒋̂)) ∗ ( )=− 𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝒕 + 𝐜𝐨 𝐬 𝒕
√2 √𝟐 √𝟐
𝝅 𝝅
𝟐𝒆 𝟐
𝝅 𝟐𝒆 𝟐 𝝅
=− 𝒔𝒆𝒏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 = √𝟐𝒆𝝅/𝟐
√𝟐 𝟐 √𝟐 𝟐

−𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ 𝟐𝒆𝒕 𝟐𝒆𝒕

𝑎𝑁 = 𝒂 ∗ 𝑵 = (2𝑒 𝑡 (−𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝒊̂ + cos 𝑡 𝒋̂)) ∗ ( )=− 𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝒕 + 𝐜𝐨 𝐬 𝒕
√2 √𝟐 √𝟐
𝝅 𝝅
𝟐𝒆 𝟐
𝝅 𝟐𝒆 𝟐 𝝅
=− 𝒔𝒆𝒏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 = √𝟐𝒆𝝅/𝟐
√𝟐 𝟐 √𝟐 𝟐

15
28. 𝒓(𝑡) = 4 cos 3𝑡 𝒊̂ + 4 𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑡 𝒋̂, 𝑡 = 𝜋

𝑑 𝑑
𝒓(𝑡) = 𝒗(𝑡) = 12(−𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡𝒋̂), 𝒗(𝑡) = 𝒂(𝑡) = −36(𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑡𝒋̂)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

‖𝒗(𝑡)‖ = 12

𝑻(𝑡) = (−𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡𝒋̂) = (−𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝜋𝒊̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜋𝒋̂) = −𝒋̂

(−𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡𝒋̂)

𝑵(𝑡) = = (−𝑠𝑒𝑛 3𝜋𝒊̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜋𝒋̂) = −𝒋̂
1

𝑎 𝑇 = 𝒂 ∗ 𝑻 = −36(𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑡𝒋̂) ∗ −𝒋̂ = 𝟑𝟔𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝟑𝒕 = 𝟑𝟔𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝟑(𝝅) = 𝟎 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

𝑎𝑁 = 𝒂 ∗ 𝑵 = −36(𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝑡𝒊̂ + 𝑠𝑒𝑛3𝑡𝒋̂) ∗ −𝒋̂ = 𝟑𝟔𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝟑𝒕 = 𝟑𝟔𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝟑(𝝅) = 𝟎 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

Determinar la curvatura En los ejercicios 61-64, halle la curvatura K de la

curva.
61. 𝒓(𝑡) = 3𝑡𝒊̂ + 2𝑡𝑗̂

3𝒊̂+2𝑗̂
𝒓′ (𝑡) = 3𝒊̂ + 2𝑗̂ ‖𝒓′ (𝑡)‖ = √32 + 22 = √9 + 4 = √13 𝑻(𝑡) = 𝑻′ (𝑡) =
√13

0 ‖𝑻′(𝑡)‖ = 0

‖𝑻′(𝑡)‖ 0
𝑲= = =0
‖𝒓′ (𝑡)‖ √13

62. 𝒓(𝑡) = 2√𝑡𝒊̂ + 3𝑡𝑗̂

1 1 2 1+9𝑡
𝒓′ (𝑡) = 𝒊̂ + 3𝑗̂ ‖𝒓′ (𝑡)‖ = √( 𝑡) + 32 = √
√ 𝒕 √ 𝑡

1 3
𝒊̂+3𝑗̂ −9𝒊̂+ 𝑗̂ 3
√𝒕 ′ (𝑡) √𝑡
‖𝑻′(𝑡)‖ =
𝑻(𝑡) = 𝑻 =
1 2(9𝑡+1)3/2 2√𝑡(9𝑡+1)2
√ +9
𝑡

3
‖𝑻′(𝑡)‖ 2√𝑡(9𝑡 + 1)2 3√𝑡 3
𝑲= = = =
‖𝒓′ (𝑡)‖ 2√𝑡(9𝑡 + 1) 5/2 2(9𝑡 + 1)5/2
√9𝑡 + 1
𝑡

16
 1
̂
63. 𝒓(𝑡) = 2𝑡𝒊̂ + 2 𝑡 2 𝑗̂ + 𝑡 2 𝒌

̂ ‖𝒓′ (𝑡)‖ = √5𝑡 2 + 4

𝒓′ (𝑡) = 2𝒊̂ + 𝑡𝑗̂ + 2𝑡𝒌

̂
2𝒊̂+𝑡𝑗̂ +2𝑡𝒌 ̂
−2𝑡𝒊̂+4𝑗̂ +8𝒌 2√5
𝑻(𝑡) = √5𝑡 2 +4
𝑻′ (𝑡) = (5𝑡 2 +4)3/2
‖𝑻′(𝑡)‖ =
5𝑡+4

‖𝑻′(𝑡)‖ 2√5
𝑲= ′
=
‖𝒓 (𝑡)‖ (5𝑡 + 4) 3/2
2

̂
64. 𝒓(𝑡) = 2𝑡𝒊̂ + 5 cos 𝑡 𝑗̂ + 5 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝒌

̂ ‖𝒓′ (𝑡)‖ = √22 + (−5 cos 𝑡)2 + (5𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡)2 =

𝒓′ (𝑡) = 2𝒊̂ − 5 sen 𝑡 𝑗̂ + 5 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝒌

√4 + 25(cos2 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑡) = √4 + 25 = √29

̂
2𝒊̂−5 sen 𝑡𝑗̂ +5 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝒌 5√29
𝑻(𝑡) = 𝑻′ (𝑡) = − (cos 𝑡 𝒋̂ + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝒋̂)
√29 29

2 2
5√29 5√29 725 725
‖𝑻 ′(𝑡)
‖ = √(− cos 𝑡) + (− sen 𝑡) = √ (cos2 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑡) = √
29 29 841 841

5√29
=
29

5√29
‖𝑻′(𝑡)‖ 5
𝑲= ′ = 29 =
‖𝒓 (𝑡)‖ √29 29

Evaluar derivadas parciales En los ejercicios 59-64, evalúe

𝒇𝒙 . 𝒇𝒚 𝒚 𝒇𝒛 𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒍 𝒑𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒅𝒂𝒅𝒐
59. 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) = 𝒙𝟑 𝒚𝒛𝟐 , (𝟏, 𝟏, 𝟏)

𝜕𝒇
𝑓𝑥 = = 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 = 3(1)2 (1)(1)2 = 3
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝒇 𝜕𝒇
𝑓𝑦 = 𝜕𝑦 = 𝑥 3 𝑧 2 = (1)3 (1)2 = 1 𝑓𝑧 = 𝜕𝑧 = 2𝑥 3 𝑦𝑧 = 2(1)3 (1) (1) = 2

17
60. 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒛 − 𝟑𝒚𝒛, (−𝟐, 𝟏, 𝟐)

𝜕𝒇
𝑓𝑥 = = 2𝑥𝑦 3 + 2𝑦𝑧 = 2(−2)(1)3 + 2(1)(2) = 0
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝒇
𝑓𝑦 = 𝜕𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑧 − 3𝑧 = 3(−2)2 (1)2 + 2(−2)(2) − 3(2) = 12 − 8 − 6 = −2

𝜕𝒇
𝑓𝑧 = = 2𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 = 𝑦(2𝑥 − 3) = 1(2(−2) − 3) = −4 − 3 = −7
𝜕𝑧
𝒙
61. 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) = 𝒚𝒛 , (𝟏, −𝟏, −𝟏)

𝜕𝒇 1 1
𝑓𝑥 = = = =1
𝜕𝑥 𝑦𝑧 (−1)(−1)

𝜕𝒇 𝑥 1 𝜕𝒇 𝑥 1
𝑓𝑦 = =− 2 =− 2
= 1 𝑓𝑧 = = 2=−
𝜕𝑦 𝑦 𝑧 (−1) (−1) 𝜕𝑧 𝑦𝑧 (−1)(−1)2

𝒙𝒚
62. 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) = 𝒙+𝒚+𝒛 , (𝟑, 𝟏, −𝟏)

𝜕𝒇 𝑦(𝑦+𝑧) (1)(1−1) 𝜕𝒇 𝑥(𝑥+𝑧) (3)(3−1) 2

𝑓𝑥 = 𝜕𝑥 = (𝑥+𝑦+𝑧)2 = (3+1−1)2 = 0 𝑓𝑦 = 𝜕𝑦 = (𝑥+𝑦+𝑧)2 = (3+1−1)2 = 3

𝜕𝒇 𝑥𝑦 (3)(1) 1
𝑓𝑧 = =− 2
=− 2
=−
𝜕𝑧 (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧) (3 + 1 − 1) 3
𝝅
63. 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) = 𝒛 𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒙 + 𝒚)(𝟎, − 𝟐 , 𝟒)

𝜕𝒇 𝝅
𝑓𝑥 = = 𝑧 cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 4 cos (0 − ) = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝟐

𝜕𝒇 𝝅 𝜕𝒇 𝝅
𝑓𝑦 = = 𝑧 cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 4 cos (0 − ) = 0 𝑓𝑧 = = 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (0 − ) = −1
𝜕𝑦 𝟐 𝜕𝑧 𝟐

64. 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) = √𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒛𝟐 (𝟏, −𝟐, 𝟏)

𝜕𝒇 3𝑥 3(1) 3 3
𝑓𝑥 = = = = =
𝜕𝑥 √𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒛𝟐 √𝟑(𝟏)𝟐 + (−𝟐)𝟐 − 𝟐(𝟏)𝟐 √3 + 4 − 2 √5

𝜕𝒇 𝑦 −2 −2 2
𝑓𝑦 = = = = =−
𝜕𝑦 √𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒛𝟐 √𝟑(𝟏)𝟐 + (−𝟐)𝟐 − 𝟐(𝟏)𝟐 √3 + 4 − 2 √5

18
 𝜕𝒇 −2𝑧 −2(1) −2 2
𝑓𝑧 = =𝑠 = = =−
𝜕𝑧 √𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒛𝟐 √𝟑(𝟏)𝟐 + (−𝟐)𝟐 − 𝟐(𝟏)𝟐 √3 + 4 − 2 √5

Usar métodos diferentes En los ejercicios 5-10, encuentre dw/dt (a)

utilizando la regla de la cadena apropiada y (b) convirtiendo w en función de
t antes de derivar
5. 𝒘 = 𝑥𝑦, 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑡 , 𝑦 = 𝑒 −2𝑡

𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑦
𝑎) = + = (𝑦)(𝑒 𝑡 ) + (𝑥)(−2𝑒 −2𝑡 ) = (𝑒 −2𝑡 )(𝑒 𝑡 ) − 2(𝑒 𝑡 )(𝑒 −2𝑡 )
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑡

= 𝑒 −𝑡 − 2𝑒 −𝑡 = −𝑒 −𝑡

𝜕𝑤
= −𝑒 −𝑡
𝜕𝑡

𝜕𝑤
𝑏) 𝑤 = (𝑒 𝑡 )(𝑒 −2𝑡 ) = 𝑒 −𝑡 = −𝑒 −𝑡
𝜕𝑡

6. 𝒘 = cos (𝑥 − 𝑦), 𝑥 = 𝑡 2 , 𝑦 = 1

𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑦
𝑎) = + = (−𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑦))(2𝑡) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑦)(0) = −2𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑦)
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑡

= −2𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡 2 − 1)

𝜕𝑤
= −2𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡 2 − 1)
𝜕𝑡

𝜕𝑤
𝑏) 𝑤 = cos(𝑡 2 − 1) = −2𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑡 2 − 1)
𝜕𝑡

7. 𝒘 = x 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 , 𝑥 = cos 𝑡 , 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡, 𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑡

𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑧
𝑎) = + + = (2𝑥)(−𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡) + (2𝑦)(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡) + (2𝑧)(𝑒 𝑡 )
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑡

= 2(−𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 + 𝑦 cos 𝑡 + 𝑧 𝑒 𝑡 )

= 2(− cos 𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 cos 𝑡 + 𝑒 2𝑡 ) = 2(𝑒 2𝑡 ) = 2𝑒 2𝑡

19
 𝜕𝑤
= 2𝑒 2𝑡
𝜕𝑡

𝜕𝑤
𝑏) 𝑤 = x 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = cos 2 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑡 + 𝑒 2𝑡 = 1 + 𝑒 2𝑡 , = 2𝑒 2𝑡
𝜕𝑡

8. 𝒘 = 𝑥𝑦 cos 𝑧, 𝑥 = 𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑡 2 , 𝑧 = arccos 𝑡

𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑧
𝑎) = + +
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑡

1
= 𝑦 cos 𝑧 (1) + 𝑥 cos 𝑧 (2𝑡) − 𝑥𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑧 (− )
√1 − 𝑡 2

𝑥𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑧 3 3
𝑡 3 √1 − 𝑡 2
= 𝑦 cos 𝑧 (1) + 𝑥 cos 𝑧 (2𝑡) + = 𝑡 + 2𝑡 + = 4𝑡 3
√1 − 𝑡 2 √1 − 𝑡 2

𝜕𝑤
= 4𝑡 3
𝜕𝑡

𝜕𝑤
𝑏) 𝑤 = (𝑡)(𝑡 2 )(cos(arccos(𝑡)) = 𝑡 4 = 4𝑡 3
𝜕𝑡

9. 𝒘 = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑧 + 𝑦𝑧, 𝑥 = 𝑡 − 1, 𝑦 = 𝑡 2 − 1, 𝑧 = 𝑡

𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑧
𝑎) = + + = (𝑦 + 𝑧)(1) + (𝑥 + 𝑧)(2𝑡) + (𝑥 + 𝑦)(1)
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑡

= 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 2𝑡(𝑥 + 𝑧) + 𝑥 + 𝑦

= 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 + 2𝑡(𝑥 + 𝑧) = 𝑡 − 1 + 2𝑡 2 − 2 + 𝑡 + 2𝑡(𝑡 − 1 + 𝑡 2 − 1)

= 𝑡 − 1 + 2𝑡 2 − 2 + 𝑡 + 2𝑡(𝑡 2 + 𝑡 − 2) = 6𝑡 2 − 3 = 3(2𝑡 2 − 1)

𝜕𝑤
= 3(2𝑡 2 − 1)
𝜕𝑡

𝜕𝑤
𝑏) 𝑤 = (𝑡 − 1)(𝑡 2 − 1) + (𝑡 − 1)(𝑡) + (𝑡 2 − 1)(𝑡) = 2𝑡 3 − 3𝑡 2 + 1 = 3(2𝑡 2 − 1)
𝜕𝑡

20
10. 𝒘 = 𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 𝑧 + 𝑦𝑧 2 , 𝑥 = 𝑡 2 , 𝑦 = 2𝑡, 𝑧 = 2

𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑧
𝑎) = + +
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑡

= (𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑧)(2𝑡) + (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑧 2 )(2) + (𝑥 2 + 2𝑦𝑧)(0)

= (4𝑡 2 + 2(𝑡 2 )(2))(2𝑡) + (2(𝑡 2 )(2𝑡) + 4)(2) = 24𝑡 3 + 8

𝜕𝑤
= 24𝑡 3 + 8 = 8(3𝑡 3 + 1)
𝜕𝑡

𝜕𝑤
𝑏) 𝑤 = (𝑡 2 )(2𝑡)2 + (𝑡 2 )2 (2) + (2𝑡)(2)2 = 6𝑡 4 + 8𝑡 = = 24𝑡 3 + 8 = 8(3𝑡 3 + 1)
𝜕𝑡

Hallar una derivada direccional En los ejercicios 5-8, utilice el teorema 4.9
para encontrar la derivada direccional de la función en P en la dirección de v
3 4
5. 𝒇(𝑥, 𝑦) = 3𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦, 𝑃(1,2), 𝒗 = 5 𝒊̂ + 5 𝒋̂

3 4 3 4
𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
𝒖= 5 5 = 5 5 = 3 𝒊̂ + 4 𝒋̂
𝟐 𝟐 5 5
√(𝟑) + (𝟒) √ 𝟗 + 𝟏𝟔
𝟓 𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓

𝜕 3 𝜕 4
𝑫𝒖 𝒇(1,2) = (3𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦) ( ) + (3𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦) ( )
𝜕𝑥 5 𝜕𝑦 5

3 4 9 12 16 36 16 12
= (3 − 4𝑦) + (−4𝑥 + 9) = − 𝑦 − 𝑥+ =− 𝑥− 𝑦+9
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

16 12 16 24
=− (1) − (2) + 9 = − − +9=1
5 5 5 5

𝑫𝒖 𝒇(1,2) = 1

√2
6. 𝒇(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 , 𝑃(4,3), 𝒗 = 𝟐
(𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂)

21
 √2 √2
𝟐 (𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂) (𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂) √2
𝒖= = 𝟐 = (𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
√ +
√(√2) + (√2) 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐

𝜕 3 √2 𝜕 3 √2 √2 √2
𝑫𝒖 𝒇(4,3) = (𝑥 − 𝑦 3 ) ( ) + (𝑥 − 𝑦 3 ) ( ) = (3𝑥 2 ) + (−3𝑦 2 )
𝜕𝑥 𝟐 𝜕𝑦 𝟐 2 2

3√2 2 3√2 2 3√2 21√2

= (𝑥 − 𝑦 2 ) = (4 − 32 ) = (16 − 9) =
2 2 2 2

21√2
𝑫𝒖 𝒇(4,3) =
2

7. 𝒈(𝑥, 𝑦) = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 , 𝑃(3,4), 𝒗 = 3𝒊̂ − 4𝒋̂

3𝒊̂ − 4𝒋̂ 3𝒊̂ − 4𝒋̂

3 4
𝒖= = = 𝒊̂ − 𝒋̂
√(3)𝟐 + (−4)𝟐 √𝟐𝟓 5 5

𝜕 3 𝜕 4
𝑫𝒖 𝒈(3,4) = (√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) ( ) + (√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) (− )
𝜕𝑥 5 𝜕𝑦 5

𝑥 3 𝑦 4 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 3(3) − 4(4) 9 − 16
=( ) +( ) (− ) = = =
√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 5 √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 5 5√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 5√32 + 42 5√25

7
=−
25

7
𝑫𝒖 𝒈(3,4) = −
25
2 +𝑦 2 )
8. 𝒉(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑒 −(𝑥 𝑃(0,0), 𝒗 = 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂

𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ 𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂
𝒖= =
√(1)𝟐 + (1)𝟐 √𝟐

𝜕 −(𝑥 2+𝑦 2) 1 𝜕 −(𝑥 2+𝑦 2) 1

𝑫𝒖 𝒉(0,0) = (𝑒 )( ) + (𝑒 )( )
𝜕𝑥 √2 𝜕𝑦 √2

2 +𝑦 2 ) 1 2 +𝑦 2 ) 1 2 −(𝑥 2+𝑦 2)
= (−2𝑥𝑒 −(𝑥 )( ) + (−2𝑦𝑒 −(𝑥 )( )=− 𝑒 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
√2 √2 √2

22
 2 2 +02 ) 2
=− 𝑒 −(0 (0 + 0) = − 𝑒 0 (0) = 0
√2 √2

𝑫𝒖 𝒉(0,0) = 0

Hallar el gradiente de una función En los ejercicios 13-18, determine el

gradiente de la función en el punto dado.
13. 𝒇(𝑥, 𝑦) = 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 2 + 1, (2,1)

𝜕𝒇(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕𝒇(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕(3𝑥 + 5𝑦 2 + 1) 𝜕(3𝑥 + 5𝑦 2 + 1)

𝛻𝒇(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

= 3𝑖̂ + 10𝑦 𝑗̂

𝛻𝒇(2,1) = 3𝑖̂ + 10(1)𝑗̂ = 3𝑖̂ + 10𝑗̂

14. 𝒇(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥𝑒 𝑦/𝑥 , (2,0)

𝑦 𝑦
𝜕𝒈(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕𝒈(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝜕 (2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝜕 (2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 )
𝛻𝒈(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 1 𝑦 2𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
= (2𝑥 (− 2
) 𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝑖̂ + (2𝑥 ( ) 𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝑗̂ = (− 𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑒 𝑥 ) ̂𝑗 + 2𝑒 𝑥 𝑗̂
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
= 2𝑒 𝑥 [(1 − ) 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂]
𝑥
𝑦 𝑦 0 0
𝛻𝒈(2,0) = 2𝑒 𝑥 [(1 − ) 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂] = 2𝑒 2 [(1 − ) 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂] = 2(𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂)
𝑥 2

15. 𝒛 = ln (𝑥 2 − 𝑦), (2,3)

𝜕𝒛 𝜕𝒛 𝜕(ln (𝑥 2 − 𝑦)) 𝜕(ln (𝑥 2 − 𝑦)) 2𝑥𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂

𝛻𝒛 = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ = 2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑥 −𝑦

2𝑥𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ 2(2)𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂
𝛻𝒛 = = 2 = 4𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂
𝑥2 − 𝑦 2 −3

23
16. 𝒛 = cos(x 2 + 𝑦 2 ), (2,3)

𝜕𝒛 𝜕𝒛 𝜕(cos(x 2 + 𝑦 2 )) 𝜕(cos(x 2 + 𝑦 2 )))

𝛻𝒛 = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

= −2𝑥(𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ))𝑖̂ − 2𝑦(𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ))𝑗̂ = −2(𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ))(𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂)

𝛻𝒛 = −2(𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ))(𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂) = −2(𝑠𝑒𝑛(22 + 32 ))(2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂)

= −2(𝑠𝑒𝑛(13))(2𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂) = −(1.6807𝑖̂ + 2.521𝑗̂)

18. 𝒘 = 𝑥 tan (𝑦 + 𝑧), (4,3, −1)

𝜕𝒘 𝜕𝒘 𝜕(𝑥 tan(𝑦 + 𝑧)) 𝜕(𝑥 tan(𝑦 + 𝑧)) 𝜕(𝑥 tan(𝑦 + 𝑧))

𝛻𝒘 = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝑥 𝑥
= tan(𝑦 + 𝑧) 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
cos 2 (𝑦 + 𝑧) cos 2 (𝑦 + 𝑧)

𝑥 𝑥
𝛻𝒘 = tan(𝑦 + 𝑧) 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
cos 2 (𝑦 + 𝑧) cos2 (𝑦 + 𝑧)

4 4
= tan(3 − 1) 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
cos 2 (3 − 1) cos2 (3 − 1)

= −2.18504𝑖̂ + 0.273178𝑗̂ + 0.273178𝑘̂

Hallar un vector unitario normal En los ejercicios 5-8 determine un vector

unitario normal a la superficie en el punto dado. [Sugerencia: Normalice el
vector gradiente ∇F(x, y, z)].
Superficie Punto

𝟓. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 12𝑧 = 0 (0,0,0)

3(0) + 4(0) + 12(0) = 0

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝑭(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 12𝑧)𝒊̂ + ̂
(3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 12𝑧)𝒋̂ + (3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 12𝑧)𝒌
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

̂
= 3𝒊̂ + 4𝒋̂ + 12𝒌

∇𝑭(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ̂
3𝒊̂ + 4𝒋̂ + 12𝒌 ̂
3𝒊̂ + 4𝒋̂ + 12𝒌 ̂
3𝒊̂ + 4𝒋̂ + 12𝒌
̂=
𝒖 = = =
‖∇𝑭(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)‖ √32 + 42 + 122 √32 + 42 + 122 √169
24
 ̂
3𝒊̂ + 4𝒋̂ + 12𝒌
=
13

̂
3𝒊̂ + 4𝒋̂ + 12𝒌
̂=
𝒖
13

𝟔. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 6 (1,1,2)

(1)2 + (1)2 + (2)2 = 6

𝜕 2 𝜕 2 𝜕
∇𝑭(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )𝒊̂ + ̂
(𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )𝒋̂ + (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )𝒌
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

̂)
= 2(𝑥𝒊̂ + 𝑦𝒋̂ + 𝑧𝒌

∇𝑭(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ̂)
2(𝑥𝒊̂ + 𝑦𝒋̂ + 𝑧𝒌 ̂)
2(𝑥𝒊̂ + 𝑦𝒋̂ + 𝑧𝒌 ̂)
(𝑥𝒊̂ + 𝑦𝒋̂ + 𝑧𝒌
̂=
𝒖 = = =
‖∇𝑭(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)‖ √(2𝑥)2 + (2𝑦)2 + (2𝑧)2 √4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 4𝑧 2 √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2

̂)
(𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ + 𝑧𝒌 ̂)
(𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ + 2𝒌 ̂)
(𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ + 2𝒌
= = =
√12 + 12 + 22 √6 √6

̂)
(𝒊̂ + 𝒋̂ + 2𝒌
̂=
𝒖
√6

𝟕. 𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 3 = 9 (2, −1,2)

22 + 3(−1) + 23 = 4 − 3 + 8 = 9

𝜕 2 𝜕 2 𝜕
∇𝑭(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 3 )𝒊̂ + ̂
(𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 3 )𝒋̂ + (𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 3 )𝒌
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

̂
= 2𝑥𝒊̂ + 3𝒋̂ + 3𝑧 2 𝒌

∇𝑭(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) ̂
2𝑥𝒊̂ + 3𝒋̂ + 3𝑧 2 𝒌 ̂ 2(2)𝒊̂ + 3𝒋̂ + 3(2)2 𝒌
2𝑥𝒊̂ + 3𝒋̂ + 3𝑧 2 𝒌 ̂
̂=
𝒖 = = =
‖∇𝑭(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)‖ √(2𝑥)2 + 32 + (3𝑧 2 )2 √4𝑥 2 + 9 + 9𝑧 4 √4(2)2 + 9 + 9(2)4

̂
4𝒊̂ + 3𝒋̂ + 12𝒌
=
13

̂
4𝒊̂ + 3𝒋̂ + 12𝒌
̂=
𝒖
13

25
𝟖. 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 − 𝑦 2 𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑧 3 = 4 (−1,1, −1)

(−1)2 13 − 12 (−1) + 2(−1)(−1)3 = 4

𝜕 2 3 𝜕 2 3
∇𝑭(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑧 3 )𝒊̂ + (𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑧 3 )𝒋̂
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕 2 3
+ ̂ = (2𝑥𝑦 3 + 2𝑧 3 )𝒊̂ + (3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦𝑧)𝒋̂ + (−𝑦 2 + 6𝑥𝑧 2 )𝒌
(𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑧 3 )𝒌 ̂
𝜕𝑧

∇𝑭(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
̂=
𝒖
‖∇𝑭(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)‖

̂
(2(−1)13 + 2(−1)3 )𝒊̂ + (3(−1)2 12 − 2(1)(−1))𝒋̂ + (−12 + 6(−1)(−1)2 )𝒌
=
√(2(−1)13 + 2(−1)3 )2 + (3(−1)2 12 − 2(1)(−1)2 + (−12 + 6(−1)(−1)2 )2

̂
−4𝒊̂ + 5𝒋̂ − 𝟓𝒌 ̂
−4𝒊̂ + 5𝒋̂ − 𝟓𝒌
= =
√(−4)2 + 52 + (−5)2 √66

̂
−4𝒊̂ + 5𝒋̂ − 𝟓𝒌
̂=
𝒖
√66

26