Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
RECUERDO ANATMICO
1 Budde 2 Calot
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Fig. 34.1. A, Triangle of cholecystectomy limited by the common hepatic duct, right hepatic duct, cystic duct, and liver. B, Calots triangle limited by the common hepatic duct, cystic duct, and cystic artery. 4
Copyright 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
1. LITIASIS VESICULAR
CONCEPTO ETIOPATOGENIA COMPLICACIONES COLECISTITIS LITISICA CRNICA COLECISTITIS LITISICA AGUDA COMPLICACIONES DE COLECISTITIS AGUDA COLECISTITIS ALITISICA
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FACTORES ETIOLGICOS
1. COLESTEROL BILIS
Obesidad Adelgazamiento
FACTORES ETIOLGICOS
3. COLOIDES PROTECTORES (fosolpidos, cidos biliares)
Gentica Estrgenos reabsorcin intestinal sales biliares
E. Crohn By-pass gstrico Reseccin intestinal Colestiramina
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FACTORES ETIOLGICOS
4. ALTERACIN VESCULA BILIAR (produccin de moco)
Ayuno prolongado Vagotoma Nutricin parenteral Somatostatina Embarazo
1. LITIASIS VESICULAR
CONCEPTO ETIOPATOGENIA COMPLICACIONES COLECISTITIS LITISICA CRNICA COLECISTITIS LITISICA AGUDA COMPLICACIONES DE COLECISTITIS AGUDA COLECISTITIS ALITISICA ILEO BILIAR
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COLECISTECTOMA LAPAROSCPICA
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COLECISTECTOMA LAPAROSCPICA
Fig. 35.10. Diagram of the abdomen after the creation of a pneumoperitoneum and the insertion of laparoscopic instruments. 13
Copyright 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
COLECISTITIS ALITISICIA
FRECUENCIA: 10% todas las colecistitis COPLICACIONES 50%: empiema gangrena y perforacin CLNICA: Pacientes en UCI
Traumantismos,quemaduras, NPT prolongada Ciruga vascular AAA, circulacin extracorprea
Diagnstico: ECO/TC engrosamiento pared vesicular + absceso Tratamiento: colecistectoma abierta urgente(Mortalidad 40%), colecistostoma
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1. LITIASIS VESICULAR
CONCEPTO ETIOPATOGENIA COMPLICACIONES COLECISTITIS LITISICA CRNICA COLECISTITIS LITISICA AGUDA COMPLICACIONES DE COLECISTITIS AGUDA COLECISTITIS ALITISICA ILEO BILIAR
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ILEO BILIAR
COCEPTO-PATOGENIA
Fstula bilioentrica
Colecisto-duodenal Colecisto-clica Colecisto-gstrica Coledoco-duodenal
Obstruccin intestinal
leon distal Colon sigmoides Duodeno (S. Bouveret)
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ILEO BILIAR
CLNICA : obstruccin ID intermitente+dolor HD DIAGNSTICO: aerobilia+ signos de O.intestinal ileon colon sigmoides duodeno TRATAMIENTO 1-Enterolitotoma 2-colecistectoma (colangitis, colecistitis, ca) 3-cierre fistula bilioentrica
Un tiempo Dos tiempos
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INDICACIONES COLECISTECTOMA
1- Colelitiasis sintomtica
2. COLEDOCOLITIASIS
PRIMARIA
stasis biliar + infeccin biliar Clculos pigmentarios pardos blandos Estenosis va biliar, papilar, oditis Bacterias productoras glucuronidasa: libera la bilirrubina del a.diglucurnido y se une a Ca
SECUNDARIA
Sincrnica: colecoledocolitiasis Residual: tras colecistectoma <2 aos Recurrente > 2 aos
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RIESGO DE COLEDOCOLITIASIS
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COLEDOCOLITIASIS
CLNICA
10% colecistectomas cursan con coledocolitiasis Obstruccin biliar pasajera Clico biliar, ictericia, hipocolia, coluria Colangitis: FID escalofrios BT> 3mg/dl AST,ALT>100; FA>150
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INCOMPLETA
Congnita Yatrogenica CEP Post-radioterpica Estenosis anastom.biliodigest Pancreatitis crnica Disfuncin Oddi Yatrognica CEP Colangiocarcinoma Hepatolitiasis
INTERMITENTE
Coledocolitiasis Ampuloma Divertculo duodenal Quiste de coldoco Poliquistosis heptica Parsitos intrabiliares Hemobilia
SEGMENTARIA
LABORATORIO
BT> 15 mg/dl..Carcinoma BT 4-8 mg/dlcoledocolitiasis FA marcador ms sensible obstruccin biliar
Tumor:
Ictericia gradual Indolora Adelgazamiento
Colecistectoma previa
Clculo residual Lesin yatrogenica via biliar
COLEDOCOLITIASIS
DIAGNSTICO
ECO: dilatacin Va Biliar + Clculo:60% CRM: 95% sensibilidad CPRE: extraccin (90% xitos)
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COLEDOCOLITIASIS
TRATAMIENTO CPRE: 0,3% (colangitis, perforacin,
pancreatitis, hemorragia) 8% CIRUGIA: tcnica laparoscpica, abierta
Colecistectoma Colangiografa intraoperatoria , coledocoscopia Maniobra de Kocher Coledocotoma y Extraccin de clculos Tubo en T Kehr, derivacin biliar hepaticoyeyunostoma e y Roux, coledoco-duodenostoma
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COLEDOCOLITIASIS CPRE
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Coledocotoma
Fig. 36.4. Two fine stay sutures of 3-0 polydioxanone suture (PDS) or 3-0 polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) are used to lift and render the CBD tense for an incision about 1 to 2 cm long, depending on the size of the duct and the size of the stones. If the CBD is not made tense, damage can be done to the posterior wall, or an irregular incision can be made. 29
Copyright 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Extraccin (Fogarty)
Fig. 36.6. A Fogarty catheter is fed into the duct with forceps using the right hand. The operators left hand grasps the mobilized duodenum and allows palpation of the passage of the catheter and of any stones within the intrapancreatic portion of the CBD. 30
Copyright 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Extraccin (Fogarty)
Fig. 36.8. A, The balloon is withdrawn gently, revealing the stone. B, Long forceps can be used to obstruct the common hepatic duct to prevent the stone from slipping upward. 31
Copyright 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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ERRORES TCNICOS
Traccin excesiva (Efecto tienda campaa) Hemorragia incontrolada Clips incontrolados Quemadura incontrolada Mal uso del electrocauterio Fallo en clip del cstico Lesin por introduccin de cnula de colangiografa
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Diagnstico
Eco, TC, CRM , CTH
Tratamiento
Drenaje percutaneo CPRE prtesis plstica Reparacin+ tubo T Hepatico-yeyunostoma
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TREITZ
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4. COLANGITIS AGUDA
Concepto Etiologa
Coledocolitiasis Estenosis benignas Tumores Estenosis anastomosis bilio-digestivas Prtesis Formas leves-sepsis Fiebre+escalofrios
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Triada Charcot: FID Pentada Reynold: FID+hipotensin+obnubilacin E.coli, Klebsiella, enterococo, Bacterioides
Patogenia
presin 20 cm HO Bacteribilia
Clnica
COLANGITIS AGUDA
Diagnstico
Clnico Lab: leuocitosis, BT,BD, FA, AST, ALT Eco,TC,CRM
Descompresn va biliar
CPRE: coledocolitiasis, tumor periampular
Papilotoma Extraccin clculos Prtesis
Tratamiento
Antibiticos (A-Clav, PiperTazo, Imipen-Cilast) UCI: drogas vasoactivas A,NA DESCOMPRESIN URGENTE 24H si no responde al tratamiento
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Disfuncin E.Oddi
Patogenia (hiperpresin)
Funcional: disquinesia Estructural: papilitis estenosante
Tratamiento
Papilotoma CPRE Esfinteroplastia Derivacin biliar (heptico-yeyuno)
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Transduodenal sphincteroplasty
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