Leucemia

Leucemia ¿QUE ES?

1. Proliferación clonal patológica de células hematopoyéticas en la medula osea (Distintos tipos de cancer en la
sangre)
 Entendamos la leucemia
.
Las células sanguíneas se producen en la médula ósea

Componentes sanguíneos Función

Las plaquetas Forman tapones que ayudan a detener el
sangrado.
Los glóbulos rojos Transportan oxigeno
Los glóbulos blancos Combaten las infecciones en el cuerpo.
Plasma Es la parte líquida de la sangre
 Valores Normales
Eritrocitos 3.8-6.5 mil/mm3

Hematocrito M : 39.5 H:45-56

Hemoglobina M:12-16 H:15-19 Treatment

Leucocitos 4000-11000 células micro litro

plaquetas 150 000-450 000 /mm3

Conclusions
 Leucemia
01
Se caracteriza por tener una proliferación clonal, autónoma y
anormal de las células que dan origen al resto de las células
normales de la sangre.
Lo anterior implica que una célula temprana sufre un cambio
genético que hará que se produzca sin control una colonia
anormal de sí misma
 Tipos principales Leucemias

Leucemia linfoblástica (linfocítica)
aguda
Células no funcionales
Leucemia linfocítica
crónica
Produce linfocitos que no funcionan
debilita la respuesta inmunitaria del
paciente.

En niños, exposición a
radioterapia ADULTOS
 Tipos principales Leucemias
 Leucemia mieloide
 Leucemia mieloide (mielógena)
aguda
Celulas no funcionales
ADULTOS
Quimioterapia, Síndrome de
Down, Exposición crónica al
benceno, Radioterapia
(mielógena) crónica
Glóbulos blancos puede
aumentarse tanto que el
flujo de sangre se
disminuya y la anemia se
vuelva muy seria
ADULTOS
Exposicion a
radioterapia
 Cuadro clinico
Leucemias Agudas:
Inespecífico
Cansancio
•Fatiga. o falta de energía
Dificultad parafácil.
•Cansancio respirar al hacer actividades
físicas
•Debilidad generalizada.
Piel pálida
Deseos de permanecer en reposo o en cama
Fiebre leve o sudores nocturnos
Cortes que demoran en cicatrizar y sangrado
excesivo
Marcas amoratadas (moretones) sin un motivo
claro
Puntos rojos bajo la piel, del tamaño de una
cabeza de alfiler
Dolores en los huesos o articulaciones (por
ejemplo las rodillas, las caderas o los hombros)
Conteos bajos de glóbulos blancos,
especialmente de monocitos o neutrófilos.
DIAGNOSTICO

HEMOGRAMA COMPLETO

1. Anemia (cualquier grado)

MÉDULA ÓSEA (ASPIRACIÓN Y BIOPSIA)
2. Leucopenia o leucocitosis (predominio de
una línea celular)
Se requiere de un 20% de blastos para establecer
3. Trombocitopenia.
el criterio de leucemia aguda
4. Combinaciones: bicitopenia o pancitopenia.
5. Presencia de leucocitos o linfocitos atípicos
 Tratamiento.

Quimioterapia
Objetivo erradicar
 Tratamiento antileucémico
 Inducción de la remisión,
Consolidación, Mantenimiento
Inducción (4-6
semanas)
Vincristina: 1,5 mg/m2
i.v./semana
Prednisona: 60 mg/m2 v.o./día
L-asparaginasa: 30.000 U/m2
i.m./10 días
Consolidación mantenimiento(2
Combinaciones variables y en -3 años)
bloques alternantes de:
6-mercaptopurina: 60 mg/m2
metotrexato, vincristina,
v.o./día
ciclofosfamida, citarabina,
Metotrexato: 15 mg/m2
daunorrubicina, VP-16 y VM-
i.m./semana
26, tioguanina,
mercaptopurina, corticoides
 Leucemia linfocítica crónica

Tratamiento a base de la combinación de fludarabina,

ciclofosfamida y prednisona

quimioterapia o terapia con anticuerpos monoclonales

Fludarabina 40 mg/m2 PO diaria por tres a cuatro días;

rituximab 375 mg/m2 IV en el día +1 y ciclofosfamida
250 mg/m2 de IV por tres días)
 Leucemia mieloide crónica

Fase crónica
• Primera línea1:
– Imatinib 400 mg/día
– Nilotinib 300 mg/12 horas
– Dasatinib 100 mg/día
• Segunda línea:
– Si el tratamiento de primera línea ha sido imatinib, pasar a
nilotinib
400 mg/12 horas o dasatinib 100 mg/día
 Efectos 02
adversos
Leucemias agudas (leucemia linfoblástica aguda y leucemia
mieloide aguda Los efectos secundarios comunes tal vez
Leucemia linfocítica crónica . Los efectos secundarios comunes tal
incluyan
vez incluyan
Cambios en los conteos sanguíneos
LEUCEMIA
Cansancio MIELOIDE
la boca CRONICA
Llagas extremo
en
Calambres
Caída musculares y dolores en las articulaciones Náuseas,
del cabello
Náuseas
Hinchazón
Cambios enolos conteos sanguíneos
Vómitos
retención
Malestar de líquidos.
estomacal
Diarrea
Llagas en la
Caída delboca
cabello
Diarrea.
Sarpullido
Fiebre.
Several diagnosis

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the closest Venus is the second Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun planet from the Sun is actually a cold place

Jupiter Saturn Neptune

Jupiter is a gas giant Saturn is composed of Neptune is the farthest
and the biggest planet hydrogen and helium planet from the Sun
234,231
Jupiter is a gas giant

33,123
Mars is a cold place

1,500
Saturn is the ringed planet
Risk factors

Chemicals
Venus has a beautiful name,
but also high temperatures

Radiation
Jupiter is a gas giant and the
biggest in the Solar System

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste
the new one here. For more info, click here
Awesome
words
Common leukemia in children

Mercury Venus
Mercury is the closest Venus is the second planet
planet to the Sun from the Sun

Mars Jupiter
Despite being red, Mars is Jupiter is the biggest
actually a cold place planet in the Solar System
“This is a quote, words full of wisdom that
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—Someone Famous
A picture is
worth a
thousand
words
 03
Recommendations
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
Treatment

Jupiter Mercury
Jupiter is a gas giant and Mercury is the closest
the biggest planet in the planet to the Sun and the
entire Solar System smallest of them all
Recommendations
Do's Don’t’s
● Here you can describe what the ● Here you can describe what the
patient should do patient should do
● Here you can describe what the ● Here you can describe what the
patient should do patient should do
● Here you can describe what the ● Here you can describe what the
patient should do patient should do
● Here you can describe what the ● Here you can describe what the
patient should do patient should do
● Here you can describe what the ● Here you can describe what the
patient should do patient should do
Prevention
How to prevent leukemia

● Here you can write what to do to help

prevent bacterial diseases
● Here you can write what to do to help
prevent bacterial diseases
● Here you can write what to do to help
prevent bacterial diseases
● Here you can write what to do to help
prevent bacterial diseases
Treatment guidelines

Images reveal large amounts of

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This is a timeline

Week 1 Week 3
Mars is full of iron Jupiter is the
oxide dust biggest planet

Week 2 Week 4
Venus is the second Saturn is a gas giant
planet from the Sun and has rings
 04
Pathology
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
World prevalence
Venus
Venus has a beautiful name, but
also high temperatures

Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas giant and the
biggest in the solar system

Saturn
Saturn is composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium
Main pathologies
Study
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest
one in the Solar System—it’s
only a bit larger than the Moon
Diagnosis
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun. It’s hot and has a
poisonous atmosphere
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 Conclusions
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in
the Solar System—It’s only a bit larger than the Moon. The
planet’s name has nothing to do with the liquid metal, since
Mercury was named after the Roman messenger god
Our team
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