DIAGNOSTICO FINANCIERO

DEFINICIONES Y FORMULAS

MARIO ALEXANDER GAVIRIA GONZALEZ

2022
PLANEACION FINANCIERA
 ANALISIS VERTICAL-DEFINICION
• El análisis vertical pretende determinar si la distribución de los activos y
pasivos de la empresa es la más idónea de cara a sus necesidades tanto
operativas como financieras.
• El análisis vertical pretende expresar la participación de cada una de las
cuentas de los estados financieros (balance y pérdidas y ganancias) como un
porcentaje.
• De cara al Balance nos permitirá medir cómo está compuesto el activo, el
pasivo y el patrimonio neto de la sociedad. La referencia por tanto será el
total del activo ó el total que forman el pasivo y patrimonio neto.
• De cara a la cuenta de cuenta de pérdidas y ganancias nos ayudará a
conocer, por ejemplo, que porcentaje de los ingresos representa el coste de
las ventas y los demás gastos a fin de poder ajustarlos y conseguir una
mayor rentabilidad.  La referencia que se toma en este caso es el total de
ingresos por ventas.
 FORMULA ANALISIS VERTICAL
• La fórmula es la siguiente: Partida del
activo/Activo total x 100. En consecuencia, lo
que se hace es determinar qué porcentaje del
total del activo representa cada rubro del
activo, dividiendo el valor de cada rubro por el
total del activo.
 ANALISIS HORIZONTAL
• El análisis horizontal de los estados financieros
permite identificar las variaciones absolutas y
relativas que ha sufrido la estructura financiera de la
empresa en un año o periodo respecto al anterior.
• El análisis horizontal determina cuál fue el
crecimiento o decrecimiento de una cuenta en un
periodo determinado. Es el análisis que permite
determinar si el comportamiento de la empresa en
un periodo fue bueno, regular o malo.
FORMULA ANALISIS HORIZONTAL
 LIQUIDITY INDICATORS
• The liquidity of an organization is judged by
the ability to settle obligations in the short
term. term that have been acquired as they
expire. They refer not only to finances
company totals, but rather its ability to
convert certain assets and liabilities into cash.
currents.
INDICATOR FORMULA INTERPRETATION
CURRENT REASON Current active Indicates the ability of the company to
meet its financial obligations, debts or
Current Liabilities liabilities to short term. By dividing
current assets by current liabilities, we
will know how many current assets
will we have to cover or support those
liabilities required in the short term.

ACID TEST Current Assets – Reveals the ability of the company to

Inventories cancel its current obligations, but
without counting on the sale of their
Current Liabilities inventories, that is, basically with the
cash balances, the produced from
your accounts receivable, your
temporary investments and some
another easily liquidated asset that
there may be, other than inventories.
NET WORKING CAPITAL Current Assets – Shows the value that would remain in
Inventories the company, after having paid its
short-term liabilities, allowing
Current Liabilities Management to make decisions on
temporary investment.
 EFFICIENCY INDICATORS
• They establish the relationship between the
costs of inputs and the products of the
process; determine the productivity with
which resources are managed, to obtain the
results of the process and the fulfillment of
the objectives. Efficiency indicators measure
the level of execution of the process, focus on
how things were done, and measure the
performance of the resources used. for a
process. They have to do with productivity.
INDICATOR FORMULA
INVENTORY TURNOVER COST OF MERCHANDISE SOLD
AVERAGE INVENTORY
INVENTORIES IN STOCK Average inventory x 365
Cost of Goods Sold
PURSE ROTATION Credit sales
Average Accounts Receivable
INTERPRETATION
shows the times that the
costs in inventories are
converted to cash or placed
on credit.
Measures the number of
days of inventories
available for sale. to minor
number of days, greater
efficiency in inventory
management.
Measure the number of
times the Accounts
receivable rotate on
average, over a period of
time.
 Financial diagnostic indicators
• The financial diagnosis is a set of indicators which,
unlike the financial analysis indicators, are built not
only from the Balance Sheet accounts but also of
accounts of the Income Statement, Cash Flow and
other external sources of valuation of market. This
leads to their conclusions and analysis measuring
in more dynamic terms, and not static, the
behavior of an organization in terms of profitability
and effectiveness in the use of your resources.
INDICATOR FORMULA INTERPRETATION

EVA It can be said that a company creates value

Profit before taxes only when the return on its capital is greater
than its opportunity cost or rate of return
(Assets x Cost of that shareholders could win in another
Capital) business of similar risk. Otherwise, a
company has EVA or generates value if it
covers the production or sales costs,
expenses operating costs and cost of capital
and there is something left
MARGINAL CONTRIBUTION Operating income – It is also considered as the excess of income
Costs and with respect to the
Variable expends variable costs, excess that must
cover fixed costs and profit or
gain.
CONTRIBUTION MARGIN marginal It determines for each peso that is made in
contribution Sales sales, that of it is left
to cover fixed costs and expenses
BALANCE Fixed costs It represents the level of activity that allows,
Contribution margin thanks to the margin made (difference
between the level of sales and the variable
expenses that derive implicitly from this
volume of businesses) to be able to pay all
other charges for the year, that is, the fixed
costs.