Sistema

nervioso
El sistema nervioso constituye el
sistema de control mas
importante del organismo y junto
con el sistema endocrino,
desempeña la mayoría de las
funciones de regulación.
Con un peso de sólo 2 kg, alrededor del
3% del peso corporal total, el sistema
nervioso es uno de los más pequeños y, sin
embargo, más complejos de los once
sistemas y aparatos del cuerpo.
El tejido nervioso tiene dos tipos de
células: las neuronas y la neuroglia.
Estas células se combinan de distintas
formas en diferentes regiones del
sistema nervioso.
 La neurona es la célula fundamental del sistema
nervioso, se encarga de procesar y trasmitir la
información a través de todo el sistema nervioso.
Su función es la recepción e integración de la
información para transmitirla a otras neuronas y
órganos.
Según su función, podemos hablar de:

Neurona Neurona Interneuron

aferente eferente a

Controla el Se encargan
Detectan
movimiento/ de integrar la
cambios y lo
contracción de actividad
informan al SN
los músculos. neuronal.
Además de formar las redes de procesamiento complejo
dentro del encéfalo y la médula espinal, las neuronas
también conectan todas las regiones del cuerpo con el
encéfalo y la médula espinal
 Neuron infographics

Sensory Motor
Jupiter is a gas giant Neptune is the farthest
and the biggest planet planet from the Sun

Pyramidal Astrocyte
Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun is a cold place

Betz cell Microglia

Venus has a beautiful Pluto is considered a
name but is hot dwarf planet
 Neuron infographics

01

Sensory neurons
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun 02

Motor neurons
Venus has a beautiful
03 name but is hot

Interneurons
Jupiter is a gas giant
and the biggest planet
Neuron infographics

Cell body
01 Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

Nucleus
02 Venus has a beautiful
name but is hot

Axon
03 Jupiter is a gas giant
and the biggest planet
 Neuron infographics

01 02

Jupiter Neptune
Jupiter is a gas giant Neptune is the farthest
and the biggest planet planet from the Sun

03 04

Mercury Mars
Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun is a cold place
 Neuron infographics
Sensory neuron

Dendrites

Peripheral process

Axon

Unipolar neuron Cell body Central process

Mercury is the closest planet to the

Sun and the smallest one in the
entire Solar System
 Neuron infographics
Dendrite Axon terminal
Jupiter is a gas giant Neptune is the farthest
and the biggest planet planet from the Sun

Nucleus Node of Ranvier

Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun is a cold place

Cell body Schwann cell

Venus has a beautiful Pluto is considered a
name but is hot dwarf planet

Axon Myelin sheath

Earth is the third planet Ceres is located in the
from the Sun main asteroid belt
 Neuron infographics
01 02 03

Sensory Pyramidal Betz cell

Jupiter is a gas giant Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful
and the biggest planet planet to the Sun name but is hot
 Neuron infographics

Synapses
Mercury is the closest 01
planet to the Sun

Excitatory
Venus has a beautiful 02
name but is hot

Inhibitory
Jupiter is a gas giant 03
and the biggest planet
 Neuron infographics

Motor
01 Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun

Astrocyte
02 Despite being red, Mars
is a cold place

Microglia
03 Pluto is considered a
dwarf planet
 Neuron infographics
Sensory neuron

Physical inputs Chemical inputs

● Light ● Smell
● Sound ● Taste

Jupiter is a gas giant

Response and the biggest planet
 Neuron infographics
Located within the fifth
Betz cell Giant pyramidal cells
layer of the grey matter
Pyramidal cells of Betz

Primary motor
cortex
 Neuron infographics

Soma Dendrites
Jupiter is a gas giant 01 02 Neptune is the farthest
and the biggest planet planet from the Sun

Axon Axon terminals

Mercury is the closest 04 03 Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun is a cold place
 Neuron infographics

50% 70%
Soma Dendrites
Jupiter is a gas giant Neptune is the farthest
and the biggest planet planet from the Sun

80% 60%
Axon Axon terminals
Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun is a cold place

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 Neuron infographics
80%
Motor
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
60%

Astrocyte
Despite being red, Mars
is a cold place

30%
Microglia
Pluto is considered a
dwarf planet
 Neuron infographics

30% 20%
Soma
Jupiter is a gas giant
Dendrites
Neptune is very far
and the biggest
from the Sun
planet

40% 10%
Axon Axon terminals
Mercury is the closest Despite being red,
planet to the Sun Mars is a cold place

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 Neuron infographics

Pyramidal cells Location Cerebral cortex esp. Layers III and V

Shape Multipolar Pyramidal

Function Excitatory projection neuron

Pyramidal cells are a type of Neurotransmitt

Glutamate, GABA
multipolar neuron er
 Neuron infographics
Cell body
Jupiter is a gas giant 40%
and the biggest planet

Myelin sheath
Mercury is the closest 20%
planet to the Sun

Schwann cell
Venus has a beautiful 10%
name but is hot

Axon terminal
Earth is the third planet 30%
from the Sun
 Neuron infographics
Synapses Neuron
Input 1
Neptune is the farthest 01
planet from the Sun

Input 2
Despite being red, Mars 02
is a cold place

Input 3
Pluto is considered a 03
dwarf planet

Output
 Neuron infographics

Synapses
01 Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

Excitatory
02 Venus has a beautiful
name but is hot

Inhibitory
03 Jupiter is a gas giant
and the biggest planet

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 Neuron infographics

Soma Axon

Dendrites Myelin

Synapse
Despite being red, Mars
is a cold place
 Neuron infographics

75% 25% 40%

Betz cell Astrocyte Microglia

Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Jupiter is a gas giant
planet to the Sun Mars is a cold place and the biggest planet
 Neuron infographics

Excitatory
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it’s hot

Synapses
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

Inhibitory
Jupiter is a gas giant
and the biggest planet
 Neuron infographics

Sensory neurons
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

Interneurons
Jupiter is a gas giant Response
and the biggest planet

Motor neurons
Venus has a beautiful
name but is hot
 Neuron infographics
50% 70%
Soma Dendrites
Jupiter is a gas Neptune is the
giant and the farthest planet
biggest planet from the Sun

80% 60%
Axon
Axon
terminals
Mercury is the Despite being
closest planet to red, Mars is a
the Sun cold place

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 Neuron infographics

Communicating axosomatic Mercury is the closest

synapses planet to the Sun

Synapse Communicating axodendritic Jupiter is a gas giant

s synapses and the biggest planet

Communicating axoaxonic Venus has a beautiful

synapses name but it’s hot
 Neuron infographics

Sensory neurons 75 Motor neurons 50

Jupiter is a gas giant Neptune is the farthest
and the biggest planet % planet from the Sun %
Central nervous system Neuron infographics

01 02 03

Sensory input Neural processing Motor output

Despite being red, Jupiter is a gas giant Neptune is very far
3 step process Mars is a cold place and the biggest planet from the Sun
 Neuron infographics
Microglia
Pluto is considered a
dwarf planet Regulate brain development

Resident cells Maintenance of neuronal networks

of the brain

Injury repair
 Types of neurons
Neuron infographics

Despite being red,

Mars is a cold place 80% 50% 60% 90% 70% 30%

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 Neuron infographics

80%

70%

60%
Microglia
Jupiter is a gas giant
and the biggest planet

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here