CLOSTRIDIUM

DIFFICILE
INMUNOLOGÍA VETERINARIA

INTEGRANTES:
Belmonte Solis Priscila
Cruz Medina Pedro Samuel
Frausto Aguirre Mariana
Hernández García Donovan Pavel
Ledesma Mosqueda Jannet Guadalupe
 HISTORIA

 Descubierto en 1935  En 1978 se identifico como agente

causal de la colitis
pseudomembranosa
 INTRODUCCIÓN

Clostridium difficile es una bacteria grampositiva

anaerobia y formadora de esporas capaz de producir
enfermedad entérica en diferentes especies animales
incluido el hombre.
 HOSPEDADORES

Mamíferos

Humanos
 CARACTERISTICAS

01 Formacion de esporo 02 Peculiar olor a establo

Debido a las sustancias
Estructura de resistencia ante
condiciones ambientales volátiles que sintetizan

03 Crecimiento in vitro 04 Endosporas

Son ovales y subterminales
Temperatura optima de
crecimiento es de 30-37°C
ESTRUCTURA
• Bacilo grampositivo
• Mide 0,5x3-6 µm
• Anaerobio estricto, esporulado
• Una de sus características más
importantes es la formación del
esporo.
patogenia
• La C. difficile se desarrolla en el intestino del hospedador al
ingerir los esporos que germinan para dar lugar a las células
vegetativas y provocar la infección.
• Ante una flora intestinal normal esta bacteria no se puede
multiplicar y permanece en forma de espora.
• La infección puede ser asintomática o producir enfermedad,
se caracteriza por la inflamación del intestino grueso,
presencia de placas, acumulación de neutrófilos en el lumen
del intestino, esto desencadena de diarrea leve o moderada
hasta colitis pseudomembranosa, megacolon tóxico y muerte.
patogenia
Patogenia
●  Entre los signos pueden estar presentes:
● Diarrea.
● Pérdida de peso.
● En ocasiones  vómito.
● Se producen dos toxinas principales A(enterotoxina) altera la unión de las células de
la mucosa con la membrana basal del colon y daña las vellocidades, B(citotoxina)
entra en la célula mediante endocitosis e induce la apoptosis.
EPIDEMIOLOGIA-RUTAS POTENCIALES DE CONTAGIO

• Fecal-Oral
• Contacto persona a persona
• Animal a persona
• Transmisión aérea
• Contacto con equipos y superficies contaminadas
• Consumo de agua y alimentos contaminados
 DIAGNOSTICO

• Observación
• Aislamiento mediante cultivo- Tinción de Gram
• Citotoxicidad de las heces
• Detección del antígeno glutamato deshidrogenasa (GDH
• Detección de toxinas A y/o B
• Detección de ácidos nucleicos relacionados con las toxinas
 TRATAMIENTO
• Tratamiento de soporte incluya la hidratación y reposición hidroelectrolítica
Metronidazol:
• Antibiótico bacteriostático, impide la reproducción del microorganismo, pero no lo mata.
• Tiene una alta biodisponibilidad oral, absorbiéndose completamente en el intestino delgado, por
lo tanto, va a seguir una distribución sistémica lo que potencialmente va a dar lugar a un mayor
número de reacciones adversas al medicamento (RAM).
• Es un antibiótico de amplio espectro.
Vancomicina:
Antibiótico bacteriostático al igual que el metronidazol.
Su administración también es oral salvo en casos en los que no pueda realizarse que se
recurre a la administración por vía rectal en forma de enemas.
Es un antibiótico de amplio espectro por lo que causa un daño a la microbiota colónica
al igual que el metronidazol. La vancomicina ha demostrado ser de mayor eficacia que
el metronidazol en casos de infección por CD severa además de dar lugar a un menor
índice de recurrencias, mientras que en los casos de infección no severa no ha
demostrado una diferencia significativa frente a la eficacia del metronidazol.
 TRATAMIENTO
Fidaxomicina:
• Amacrólido con actividad bactericida
• Actúa inhibiendo la RNA polimerasa de las bacterias Gram positivas.
• Inhibe la esporulación de C. difficile.
• Es un antibiótico de administración oral
• Tiene una baja biodisponibilidad oral, no se absorbe, por lo que al igual que la vancomicina va a alcanzar
unas concentraciones muy elevadas a nivel fecal y prácticamente indetectables en plasma.
Colectomía :
• Técnica que consiste en una cirugía del intestino grueso.
• Sólo está indicada ante una perforación del colon o una inflamación sistémica que no responde a
antibióticos como íleo severo o megacolon tóxico.
• El marcador de gravedad que se emplea para considerar la colectomía es una concentración de lactato igual
o superior a 5 mmol/L.
 TRATAMIENTO
Trasplante fecal:
En nuestra microbiota contamos con más de 50 filos de bacterias, de los cuales predominan Bacteroides,
Firmicutes, Proteobacteria y Actinobacteria. Se estima un total de 1014 bacterias que componen la microbiota
humana, un número 10 veces superior al número de células del cuerpo humano . Cuando dicho número de
bacterias se modifica da lugar a una disbiosis, la cual favorece el riesgo de recurrencia de la ICD.
Consiste en la reintroducción de la microbiota normal mediante un donante de heces, lo que ha demostrado que
inmediatamente se corrige la disbiosis, restaura la riqueza filogenética, reestablece la resistencia a la
colonización permitiendo la recuperación de la función normal del colon.
CUADRO
CLÍNICO
Introduction
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar
System—It’s only a bit larger than the
Moon. The planet’s name has nothing
to do with the liquid metal, since
Mercury was named after the Roman
messenger god
 Prevention

How to Prevent Bacterial Diseases

● Here you can write what to do to help prevent

bacterial diseases
● Here you can write what to do to help prevent
bacterial diseases
● Here you can write what to do to help prevent
bacterial diseases
● Here you can write what to do to help prevent
bacterial diseases
 Conclusions
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar
System—It’s only a bit larger than the
Moon. The planet’s name has nothing
to do with the liquid metal, since
Mercury was named after the Roman
messenger god
01
About the
Disease
You can enter a subtitle here
if you need it
 About Bacterial Diseases

Mars Jupiter Saturn

Despite being red, Mars is Jupiter is a gas giant and Saturn is a gas giant,
actually a cold place full the biggest planet in the composed mostly of
of iron oxide dust Solar System hydrogen and helium
 About Bacterial Diseases
Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest
75%
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a very cold place
45%
50% 30%
Venus has a beautiful name, but
it’s terribly hot
60% Mars Jupiter
Mars is full of iron Jupiter is the biggest
Neptune is the farthest planet oxide dust planet
from the Sun
60%
 Concepts and Typology

Type Features Conclusions

Despite being red, Mars is Mercury is the closest planet

Bacterium A actually a cold place to the Sun

Jupiter is the biggest planet in Neptune is the farthest planet

Bacterium B the Solar System from the Sun

Saturn is composed of Venus is the second planet

Bacterium C hydrogen and helium from the Sun
 Pathology

Mars Jupiter Saturn Neptune

Despite being red, It’s It’s a gas giant and the Saturn is composed Neptune is the
a cold place full of biggest planet in the mostly of hydrogen farthest planet from
iron oxide dust Solar System and helium the Sun
Awesome
Words
 Symptoms of the Disease

Mars
Despite being red, it’s a cold
place full of iron oxide dust

Jupiter
It’s a gas giant and the biggest
planet of them all

Saturn
Saturn is composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium
 Risk Factors

Mars
Despite being red, it’s a cold
place full of iron oxide dust

Jupiter
It’s a gas giant and the biggest
planet of them all

To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link,

change the data and paste the new graph here
 234,231
Saturn is the ringed planet

1,500
Mars is a cold place

33,123
Jupiter is a gas giant
 23,000
About 2 million people in the U.S. suffer
from antibiotic resistant infections each
year and 23,000 die due to the condition
A Picture Is Worth a Thousand
Words
 “This is a quote, words full of
wisdom that someone important
said and can make the reader get
inspired.”
—Someone
Famous
 Recommendations

Dos Don’ts

● Here you can describe what the
patient should do
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patient should do
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patient should do
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patient should do
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patient should do
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patient shouldn’t do
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patient shouldn’t do
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patient shouldn’t do
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patient shouldn’t do
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patient shouldn’t do
 Prevalence

1990

2000

2010

2020
 Our Team

Sarah Lee Ava James Jade Smith

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