ISO 128-2.2022

Norma Española
UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022

Idioma: Inglés
Documentación técnica de productos. Principios

generales de representación. Parte 2: Convenciones
básicas para las líneas. (ISO 128-2:2022) (Ratificada por
la Asociación Española de Normalización en diciembre
de 2022.)
Asociación Española Calle de Génova, 6 915 294 900

Este documento ha sido adquirido por: UNIVERSIDADE DA CORUÑA28004
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– www.une.org
AENOR.
21/02/2024
UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
Documentación técnica de productos. Principios generales de representación. Parte 2:

Convenciones básicas para las líneas. (ISO 128-2:2022) (Ratificada por la Asociación
Española de Normalización en diciembre de 2022.)
Technical product documentation (TPD) - General principles of representation - Part 2: Basic conventions
for lines (ISO 128-2:2022) (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in December of 2022.)
Documentation technique de produits (TPD) - Principes généraux de représentation - Partie 2:

Conventions de base pour les traits (ISO 128-2:2022) (Entérinée par l'Asociación Española de
Normalización en décembre 2022.)
En cumplimiento del punto 11.2.5.4 de las Reglas Internas de CEN/CENELEC Parte 2, se ha

otorgado el rango de documento normativo español UNE al documento normativo europeo
EN ISO 128-2:2022 (Fecha de disponibilidad 2022-11-02)
Este documento está disponible en los idiomas oficiales de CEN/CENELEC/ETSI.
Este anuncio causará efecto a partir del primer día del mes siguiente al de su publicación en
la revista UNE.
La correspondiente versión oficial de este documento se encuentra disponible en la Asociación Española de

Normalización (Génova 6 28004 MADRID, www.une.org).
Las observaciones a este documento han de dirigirse a:
Asociación Española de Normalización

Génova, 6
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Tel.: 915 294 900
info@une.org
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© UNE 2022
Prohibida la reproducción sin el consentimiento de UNE.
Todos los derechos de propiedad intelectual de la presente norma son titularidad de UNE.
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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 128-2

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM November 2022
ICS 01.100.01 Supersedes EN ISO 128-2:2020
English Version
Technical product documentation (TPD) - General

principles of representation - Part 2: Basic conventions for
lines (ISO 128-2:2022)
Documentation technique de produits (TPD) - Technische Produktdokumentation (TPD) - Allgemeine
Principes généraux de représentation - Partie 2: Grundlagen der Darstellung - Teil 2: Linien,
Conventions de base pour les traits (ISO 128-2:2022) Grundregeln (ISO 128-2:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 September 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 128-2:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN ISO 128-2:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 3
2
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EN ISO 128-2:2022 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 128-2:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 10 "Technical
product documentation" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/SS F01 “Technical drawings”
the secretariat of which is held by CCMC.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 128-2:2020.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 128-2:2022 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 128-2:2022 without any modification.
3
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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Types of lines............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
4.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
4.2 Basic types.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
4.3 Line subtypes............................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
4.4 Variations of the basic types of lines................................................................................................................................... 4
4.5 Combinations of lines with the same length................................................................................................................. 4
4.5.1 Arrangement of two or more lines parallel to each other.............................................................. 4
4.5.2 Arrangement of two different types of lines.............................................................................................. 5
4.5.3 Arrangement of two continuous lines parallel to each other with regularly
recurring connecting elements between them........................................................................................ 5
4.5.4 Arrangement of regularly recurring geometric pictorial elements in
association with continuous lines........................................................................................................................ 5
5 Line dimensions..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.1 Line width.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.2 Deviation in line width..................................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.3 Configuration of lines........................................................................................................................................................................ 6
6 Draughting of lines............................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
6.1 Spacing............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
6.2 Junctions........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
6.2.1 Types.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
6.2.2 Representation...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.3 Location of a second line.............................................................................................................................................................. 10
6.4 Hierarchy of overlapping lines............................................................................................................................................... 10
7 Colours.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
8 Designation.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
9 Basic conventions and applications for leader lines and reference lines............................................. 11
9.1 Presentation of leader lines...................................................................................................................................................... 11
9.2 Representation of reference lines........................................................................................................................................ 14
9.3 Indication of instructions........................................................................................................................................................... 15
Annex A (informative) Preparation of lines by CAD systems.................................................................................................. 17
Annex B (normative) Lines in construction technical drawings......................................................................................... 30
Annex C (informative) Examples of application in construction technical drawings.................................. 33
Annex D (normative) Types of lines and their application in mechanical engineering
technical drawings.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Annex E (informative) Examples of application in mechanical engineering technical
drawings..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
Annex F (normative) Types of lines and their application on shipbuilding technical
drawings..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
Annex G (informative) Application examples of the different types of lines on shipbuilding
technical drawings.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
Bibliography..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................68
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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 10, Technical product documentation,
in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/
SS F01, Technical drawings, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO
and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 128-2:2020), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. The changes are as follows:
— the term “line element” changed to “graphical basic element” throughout;
— in Annex C, Table C.1, the right-hand cell in the header has been changed from “Example” to “Figure
no.” to be consistent with Table E.1;
— in Annex D, Table D.1, item 04.2.1, duplicate text removed;
— in Annex G, Table G.1, the third header cell from the left has been changed from “Example” to
“Application” to be consistent with Table C.1 and Table E.1;
— in Annex E, Table E.1 and in Annex G, Table G.1, the right-hand cell in the header has been changed
from “Figure” to “Example” to be consistent with the rest of the document;
— minor editorial changes.
A list of all parts in the ISO 128 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Introduction
This document contains generally applicable rules for the presentation of lines in all kinds of technical
product documentation.
All figures in this document have been drawn in first-angle projection. It should be understood that
third-angle projection or other methods could have been used equally well without prejudice to the
principles established.
The application of lines within drawings of special technical fields varies considerably. Therefore, rules
of application specific to technical fields are given in Annexes B to G.
Annex A provides information for the calculation of the most important basic types of non-continuous
lines according to types of lines and their graphical basic elements.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Technical product documentation (TPD) — General

principles of representation —
Part 2:
Basic conventions for lines
1 Scope
This document establishes the types of lines used in technical drawings (e.g. diagrams, plans or
maps), their designations and their configurations, as well as general rules for the draughting of lines.
In addition, this document specifies general rules for the representation of leader and reference lines
and their components as well as for the arrangement of instructions on or at leader lines in technical
documents. Annexes have been provided for specific information on mechanical, construction and
shipbuilding technical drawings.
For the purposes of this document the term “technical drawing” is interpreted in the broadest
possible sense, encompassing the total package of documentation specifying the product (workpiece,
subassembly, assembly).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 128-3, Technical product documentation (TPD) — General principles of representation — Part 3: Views,
sections and cuts
ISO 128-15, Technical product documentation (TPD) — General principles of presentation — Part 15:
Presentation of shipbuilding drawings
ISO 129-1, Technical product documentation (TPD) — Presentation of dimensions and tolerances — Part 1:
General principles
ISO 129-5, Technical product documentation — Indication of dimensions and tolerances — Part 5:
Dimensioning of structural metal work
ISO 1101, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form,
orientation, location and run-out
ISO 2203, Technical drawings — Conventional representation of gears
ISO 2538-2, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Wedges — Part 2: Dimensioning and tolerancing
ISO 2553, Welding and allied processes — Symbolic representation on drawings — Welded joints
ISO 3040, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensioning and tolerancing — Cones
ISO 3766, Construction drawings — Simplified representation of concrete reinforcement
ISO 4463-1, Measurement methods for building — Setting-out and measurement — Part 1: Planning and
organization, measuring procedures, acceptance criteria
ISO 4463-3, Measurement methods for building — Setting-out and measurement — Part 3: Check-lists for
the procurement of surveys and measurement services
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ISO 5261, Technical drawings — Simplified representation of bars and profile sections
ISO 5455, Technical drawings — Scales
ISO 5456-4, Technical drawings — Projection methods — Part 4: Central projection
ISO 5459, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Datums and datum
systems
ISO 6410-1, Technical drawings — Screw threads and threaded parts — Part 1: General conventions
ISO 6428, Technical drawings — Requirements for microcopying
ISO 7437, Technical drawings — Construction drawings — General rules for execution of production
drawings for prefabricated structural components
ISO 7519, Technical drawings — Construction drawings — General principles of presentation for general
arrangement and assembly drawings
ISO 8560, Technical drawings — Construction drawings — Representation of modular sizes, lines and grids
ISO 10110-1, Optics and photonics — Preparation of drawings for optical elements and systems — Part 1:
General
ISO 10135, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Drawing indications for moulded parts in technical
product documentation (TPD)
ISO 10209, Technical product documentation — Vocabulary — Terms relating to technical drawings,
product definition and related documentation
ISO 11091, Construction drawings — Landscape drawing practice
ISO 12671, Thermal spraying — Thermally sprayed coatings — Symbolic representation on drawings
ISO 15785, Technical drawings — Symbolic presentation and indication of adhesive, fold and pressed joints
ISO 15787, Technical product documentation — Heat-treated ferrous parts — Presentation and indications
ISO 16792, Technical product documentation — Digital product definition data practices
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 10209 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://w ww.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://w ww.electropedia.org/
3.1
graphical basic element
continuous graphical object with rounded or squared end shape which is represented in any way (e.g.
straight, curved), which has a length and a width
Note 1 to entry: See Figure A.1.
3.2
dot
graphical basic element (3.1) having a length equal to the width, d
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3.3
line
set of one or more graphical basic elements (3.1) having a length of more than the width
3.4
technical drawing
drawing showing a technical installation, process or product with a view to clarifying its structure and
enabling its construction
[SOURCE: ISO 5127:2017, 3.4.7.54, modified — Note 1 to entry removed.]
4 Types of lines
4.1 General
The line type designation consists of a combination of a basic line type and a subtype, depending on the
line width, see 4.2.
For the purposes of this document a line type application number is used to number the application
examples for the line types.
For applying line types to construction technical drawings, Annex B shall be applied. For applying line
types to mechanical engineering technical drawings, Annex D shall be applied. For applying line types
to ship building technical drawings, Annex F shall be applied.
4.2 Basic types

The basic line types are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Basic line types

No. Representation Description
01 Continuous line
02 Dashed line
03 Dashed spaced line
04 Long-dashed dotted line
05 Long-dashed double-dotted line
06 Long-dashed triplicate-dotted line
07 Dotted line
08 Long-dashed short-dashed line

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Table 1 (continued)
No. Representation Description
Long-dashed double-short-dashed
09
line
10 Dashed dotted line
11 Double-dashed dotted line
12 Dashed double-dotted line
13 Double-dashed double-dotted line
14 Dashed triplicate-dotted line
Double-dashed triplicate-dotted
15
line
4.3 Line subtypes

The line subtypes are given in Table 2.
Table 2 — Line subtypes

Subtype
Representation Description
no. a
.1 Narrow
.2 Wide
.3 Extra-wide
a Line identification structure
4.4 Variations of the basic types of lines

The straight lines in Table 1 and the line widths of Table 2 can have variations as shown in Table 3.
Table 3 — Line variations

Representation Description
Uniform wavy continuous line
Uniform spiral continuous line
Uniform zigzag continuous line

Freehand or freeform curve contin-
uous line
NOTE This table contains only variations of the basic type of line no. 01. Variations of the basic types of no. 02 to no. 15 are
possible and are presented in the same way.
4.5 Combinations of lines with the same length
4.5.1 Arrangement of two or more lines parallel to each other
For examples see Figure 1.

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Figure 1 — Example of lines parallel to each other
4.5.2 Arrangement of two different types of lines
a) With different line widths superimposed. See Figure 2 a) and b) for examples.
a) A continuous line and a dotted line b) A continuous line and a dashed spaced line
Figure 2 — Example of superimposed lines
b) Arranged next to each other. See Figure 3 for an example.
Figure 3 — Two continuous narrow lines either side of a wide dashed line
4.5.3 Arrangement of two continuous lines parallel to each other with regularly recurring
connecting elements between them
See Figure 4 a) and b) for examples.
a) Filled circular elements b) Filled trapezoidal elements
Figure 4 — Example of lines parallel to each other with regularly recurring connecting
elements
4.5.4 Arrangement of regularly recurring geometric pictorial elements in association with

continuous lines
a) Without interruption of a continuous line. See Figure 5 for examples.
Figure 5 — Without interruption of a continuous line
b) With interruption of a continuous line. See Figure 6 for examples.

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Figure 6 — With interruption of a continuous line
5 Line dimensions
5.1 Line width

The width, d, of all types of lines shall be one of the following depending on the type and size of the
technical drawing. This series is based on a common ratio 1: √2 (≈1:1,4).
0,13 mm; 0,18 mm; 0,25 mm; 0,35 mm; 0,5 mm; 0,7 mm; 1 mm; 1,4 mm; 2 mm.
The widths of extra-wide, wide and narrow lines are in the ratio 4:2:1.
The line width of any one line shall be constant throughout the whole line.
See Annexes B, D and F for information on line widths pertaining to construction, mechanical and
shipbuilding technical drawings.
5.2 Deviation in line width

Line widths can deviate from those specified in 5.1 providing that it is possible to differentiate
unambiguously between two adjacent lines with different widths. If technical drawing equipment
which produces constant line width is used, the deviation in line width between two such lines shall not
be greater than ± 0,1d.
5.3 Configuration of lines

For the preparation of technical drawings, the lengths of graphical basic elements should conform to
those of Table 4.
Table 4 — Lengths of graphical basic elements

Drawing element Line type no. Length
04 to 07 and
Dot ≤d
10 to 15
02 and
Gap 3d
04 to 15
Short dash 08 and 09 6d
02, 03 and
Dash 12d
10 to 15
04 to 06,
Long dash ≈24d
08 and 09
Space 03 18d
NOTE The lengths shown in this table are valid for graphical basic elements with semi-
circular and squared ends. In the case of graphical basic elements with semi-circular
ends, the length of the graphical basic element corresponds to the distance covered by a
technical pen (with a tubular tip and using India ink) from the origin up to the end of the
graphical basic element. The total length of such a graphical basic element is the sum of
the length shown in this table, plus d.

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Formulae for the calculation of some of the basic types of lines and graphical basic elements are given in
Annex A. The formulae are intended to facilitate the preparation of technical drawings using computer-
aided design (CAD) systems.
6 Draughting of lines
6.1 Spacing
The minimum space between parallel lines should not be less than 0,7 mm.
In certain cases when computer-aided technical drawing techniques are used, the spacing of lines on
the technical drawing does not represent the actual spacing, for example for the representation of
screw threads. This has to be considered when data sets are established, for example for the operation
of machine tools.
6.2 Junctions
6.2.1 Types
The basic types of lines, no. 02 to no. 06 and no. 08 to no. 15, should meet at a dash to avoid ambiguity;
see Figures 7 to 12.
Figure 7 — Long-dashed short-dashed lines intersecting as a cross
Figure 8 — Dashed lines intersecting as a cross

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Figure 9 — Dashed lines intersecting as a partial cross
Figure 10 — Four dashed lines meeting at an intersection
Figure 11 — Dash dotted lines intersecting as a cross and dashed lines meeting at corners
Figure 12 — Dashed lines meeting at corners and at intersection
Lines of basic type no. 07 should meet at a dot to avoid ambiguity, see Figure 13.

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Figure 13 — Dotted lines intersecting at a dot
6.2.2 Representation
Techniques for applying the recommendations of 6.2.1 are to start the lines at the junction (see
Figure 14) or by using a complete, or partial, cross or Y (see Figures 15 and 16).
Figure 14 — Partial cross intersection

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Figure 15 — Cross intersection
Figure 16 — Y intersection
6.3 Location of a second line

Two different ways of presenting two parallel lines are shown in Figures 17 and 18.
Figure 17 — Example of parallel lines with solid line above dashed line
Figure 18 — Example of parallel lines with dashed line above solid line
6.4 Hierarchy of overlapping lines

The rules of overlapping types of lines are defined in Annex D.

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7 Colours
Lines shall be drawn in black or white depending on the colour of the background. By default, lines
are black on a white background. Other standardized colours may also be used for technical drawing
standardized lines. In this case, the meaning of the colours shall be explained.
8 Designation
The designation of the basic types of lines shall comprise the following elements in the order given,
with spaces between the elements:
a) “Line”;
b) reference to this document;
c) dash separator;
d) the number of the basic type in accordance with Table 1;
e) the multiplication sign “×”;
f) the line width in accordance with 5.1;
g) forward slash (when the colour is indicated);
h) colour (when indicated).
EXAMPLES
Designation of a line of type no. 03 (03), line width 0,25 mm (0,25):
Line ISO 128-2 - 03 × 0,25
Designation of a line of type no. 05 (05), line width 0,13 mm (0,13) and blue in colour:
Line ISO 128-2 - 05 × 0,13/blue
9 Basic conventions and applications for leader lines and reference lines
9.1 Presentation of leader lines

Leader lines are executed as continuous narrow lines (type 01.1) in accordance with this document.
They are drawn at an angle to the relevant representation and/or the frame limiting the drawing
sheet, and not parallel to nearby lines, such as hatching lines. The inclination to the relevant lines shall
be > 15°. See Figures 19 to 31.
Leader lines may be drawn with sharp kinks (see Figure 23), and two or more leader lines may
start from the same point (see Figures 20, 23, 25, 26 and 29). They should not cross other leader
lines (see Figure 23) except when the leader line starts from the same point and is colinear (see
Figure 25, 26 and 29), reference lines or indications, such as graphical symbols or dimensional values.
Leader lines shall terminate at the end which touches the features as follows:
— with a closed and filled arrowhead or a closed arrowhead as per ISO 129-1 if the leader line ends
at lines which represent outlines or edges of parts, piping or cables in plans, charts or diagrams;
arrowheads are also drawn at crossing points of these lines with other lines, for example lines of
symmetry (see the examples given in Figures 19 to 25);

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If several parallel lines have to be designated, oblique strokes instead of arrowheads are permitted (see
IEC 61082-1). See the example given in Figure 26.
— with a dot (d = 5 × line width) if the leader line ends on the surface of an object (see the examples
given in Figures 27 to 29);
— without any termination if the leader line ends at another line, for example dimension line or line of
symmetry (see the examples given in Figures 30 and 31).
Figure 19 — Example of a leader line terminating at the edge of a diameter
Figure 20 — Example of leader lines starting at the same point and terminating at part edges
Figure 21 — Example of leader lines terminating at outlines
Figure 22 — Example of leader lines not overlapping cross section lines
Figure 23 — Example of a leader line with a sharp kink
Figure 24 — Example of a leader line terminating at the crossing point of two lines

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Figure 25 — Example of colinear leader lines starting from the same point and terminating
with arrows
Figure 26 — Example of a colinear leader lines starting from the same point and terminating
with oblique strokes
Figure 27 — Example of a leader line terminating with a dot to a surface area
Figure 28 — Example of a leader line terminating with a dot to a surface
Figure 29 — Example of colinear leader lines starting from the same point and terminating
with dots
Figure 30 — Example of a leader line ending at a dimension line without any termination mark
Figure 31 — Example of a leader line without any termination mark

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
9.2 Representation of reference lines

Reference lines are continuous narrow lines (type 01.1) in accordance with Clause 4. A reference line
can be added to each leader line or dimension line. It is drawn in one of the reading directions of the
technical drawing.
The reference line shall be drawn either:
— with a fixed length, i.e. 20 × line width of the reference line (see the examples given in
Figures 33 and 34); or
— with a length adapted to the length of the indicated instructions (see the examples given in
Figures 32, 35, 39 and 40).
Figure 32 — Example of a reference line adapted to the thread callout length
Figure 33 — Example of a reference line with a fixed length for a surface finish
Figure 34 — Example of a reference line with a fixed length for a dimension
Figure 35 — Example of a reference line adapted to the thread callout length
In particular cases of application, the reference line has to be drawn (see the example given in Figure 33).
However, the reference line can be omitted if the leader line is drawn in one of the reading directions of
the technical drawing, if the indicated instructions are written in the same direction (see the example
given in Figure 36), and in all other cases in which this line is not applicable (see the examples given in
Figures 30, 37 and 38).

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Figure 36 — Example of a reference line for dimension being omitted
Figure 37 — Example of a reference line for a surface finish being omitted
Figure 38 — Example of an omitted reference line
9.3 Indication of instructions

The instructions belonging to the leader lines, dimension lines and reference lines shall be indicated as
follows:
— above the reference line (see the example given in Figures 32, 35, 39 and 40 and in Annex E);
— centrically at the end of the leader, dimension or reference line (see the example given in
Figure 34 and 36) in one of the reading directions of the drawing; or
— within graphical symbols according to the valid International Standards (see the examples given in
Annex E).
Taking into account legibility, the requirements in ISO 6428 shall be followed and the instructions shall
be written at a distance of twice the line width of the reference line above the reference line. They shall
not be drawn within the reference line and they shall not touch it.
Figure 39 — Example of instructions above a reference line
If individual layers or assembled parts of an object are designated with one leader line, the order of
the indications shall correspond with the order of the layers or the parts (see the example given in
Figure 40).

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Figure 40 — Example of assembled parts of an object designated with one leader line

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Annex A
(informative)
Preparation of lines by CAD systems
A.1 Calculation of graphical basic elements

This annex specifies procedures for the calculation of the most important basic types of non-continuous
line types and their graphical basic elements.
A.2 Graphical basic element

See Figure A.1 for an example of a configuration of a graphical basic element.
Figure A.1 — Configuration of a graphical basic element
A.3 Dot
See Figure A.2 for the configuration of a dot.
Figure A.2 — Configuration of a dot
A.4 Line
See Figure A.3 for the configuration of a line.
Figure A.3 — Configuration of a line

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
A.5 Line type no. 02 (dashed line)

See Figure A.4 for the configuration of this type of line.
Figure A.4 — Configuration of line type no. 02 (dashed line)
EXAMPLE See Figure A.5.
Figure A.5 — Example of line type no. 02 (dashed line)
Formulae:
a) Length of the line: l1 = l0
b) Number of line segments within the line: l1 − 12d

n=
15d
c) Length of the dashes: l − 3dn
l2 = 1
n+1
d) Minimum length of this line: l1min = l0 min = 27d
If dashed lines with a length less than l1 = 27d have to be drawn, a larger scale from ISO 5455 shall be
used (i.e. the elements are drawn at a larger scale).
This line can be drawn with a constant length of dashes (12d). In this case one end of the line may be a
shorter or longer dash.
Number of line segments shall be rounded to an integer.
EXAMPLE
l1 = 125 d = 0,35

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
125 − 4 , 2
n= = 23 , 01  23
5 , 25
125 − 24 , 15
l2 = = 4 , 202
24
Interpretation of the result: A dashed line of length 125 mm and line width 0,35 mm consists of 23 line segments
of length 5,252 mm (4,202 mm + 1,050 mm) and one dash of length 4,202 mm.
A.6 Line type no. 04 (long-dashed dotted line)

Figure A.6 — Configuration of line type no. 04 (long-dashed dotted line)
Figure A.7 — Example of line type no. 04 (long-dashed dotted line)
Formulae:
a) Length of the line: l1 = l0 + 24d

(line extended over the outlines at both sides)

n=
30 ,5d
c) Length of the long dashes: l1 − 6 ,5dn
l3 =
n+1
d) Minimum length of this line: l1min = 54,5d

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Lines shorter than l1 = 54,5d shall be drawn as continuous lines. In order to conform with the
requirements of Clause 6, the length of the long dashes of this line may be decreased or increased.
EXAMPLE
l0 = 125 d = 0,25
l1 = 125 + 6 = 131
131 − 6
n= = 16 , 393  16
7 , 625
131 − 26 , 00
l3 = = 6 , 176
17
Interpretation of the result: a long-dashed dotted line of length 131 mm and line width 0,25 mm consists of 16
line segments of length 7,801 mm (6,176 mm + 0,750 mm + 0,125 mm + 0,750 mm) and one long dash of length
6,176 mm.
A.7 Line type no. 05 (long-dashed double-dotted line)

Figure A.8 — Configuration of line type no. 05 (long-dashed double-dotted line)
Figure A.9 — Example of line type no. 05 (long-dashed double-dotted line)

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Formulae:
a) Length of the line: l1 ≈ l0 − x

n=
34d
c) Length of the long dashes: l − 10dn
l3 = 1
n+1
d) Minimum length of this line: l1min = 58d
Lines shorter than l1 = 58d shall be drawn at a larger scale, in accordance with ISO 5455.
It is permissible to draw the long dashes with a change in direction, see Figure A.10.
Figure A.10 — Long-dashed double-dotted line with a change in direction
In order to conform with the requirements of Clause 6, the length of the long dashes of this line may be
increased or decreased.
EXAMPLE
x
l0 = 128 d = 0,35 = 1,5
2
l1 = 128 – 3 = 125
125 − 8 , 4
n= = 9 , 798  10
11 , 9
125 − 35
l3 = = 8 , 182
11
A.8 Line type no. 07 (dotted line)


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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Figure A.11 — Configuration of line type no. 07 (dotted line)
Figure A.12 — Example of line type no. 07 (dotted line)
Formulae:
b) Number of line segments within the line: l1 − d

n=
2 ,5d
c) Length of the dots: l1 − 1 ,5dn
l4 =
n+1

EXAMPLE
l1 = 125 d=1
125 − 1
n= = 49 , 6  50
2, 5
125−75
l4 = = 0 , 98
51

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
A.9 Line type no. 08 (long-dashed short-dashed line)

Figure A.13 — Configuration of line type no. 08 (long-dashed short-dashed line)
The conditions for this line type are the same as those for type no. 04 but the formulae are slightly
modified as follows:

n=
32d
c) Length of the long dashes: l1 − 12dn
l3 =
n+1
d) Lengths of the short dashes: 6d
e) Minimum length of this line: l1min = 60d

EXAMPLE
l1 = 125 d = 0,5
125 − 12
n= = 7 , 063  7
16
125 − 42
l3 = = 10 , 375
8
A.10 Line type no. 09 (long-dashed double-short-dashed line)

Figure A.14 — Configuration of line type no. 09 (long-dashed double-short-dashed line)

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
The conditions for this line type are similar to those for type no. 05 and the formulae b), c) and d) are
slightly modified as follows:
b) Number of line segments within the line l1 − 24d

n=
45d
c) Length of the long dashes: l1 − 21dn
l3 =
n +1
d) Length of the short dashes: 6d
e) Minimum length of this line: l1min = 69d

EXAMPLE
l1 = 125 d = 0,25
125 − 6
n= = 10 , 578  11
11 , 25
125 − 57 , 75
l3 = = 5 , 604
12
A.11 Examples of combinations of basic types of line

A.11.1 Two types of lines superimposed
Figure A.15 — Configuration of two types of lines superimposed

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Figure A.16 — Example of two types of lines superimposed
Formulae:
a) Length of the line: l1 = l5 + l6
b) Number of line segments within the line: l1

n=
30d2
c) Length of the dashes: l1 − 18d2 n
l2 =
n
d) Minimum length of this line: l1min = 30d2

EXAMPLE
l1 = 125 d1 = 0,25 d2 = 0,5
125
n= = 8 , 333  8
15
125−72
l2 = = 6 , 625
8
Interpretation of the result: this line consists of a continuous line 125 mm long and 0,25 mm wide, as well as a
dashed spaced line of width 0,5 mm and eight dashes of length 6,625 mm, spaced 9 mm apart (18d2, see Table 4).
The ends are 45 mm in length (9d2).
A.11.2 Line with zigzags


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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Figure A.17 — Configuration of line with zigzags
EXAMPLES See Figures A.18 and A.19.
Figure A.18 — Example of line with zigzags

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Figure A.19 — Example of line with zigzags
Formulae:
a) Length of the line: l1 = l0 + 10d
b) Number of zigzags within the line: l1

n= +1
80
c) Length of the dashes between zigzags: l
l2 = 1 −7 , 5d
n
d) Length of the dashes at the ends of the line:
l2
— if two or more zigzags: l3 =
2
l1 − 7 , 5d
— if one zigzag: l3 =
2
If l0 ≤ 10d, the zigzag shall be arranged as shown in Figure A.19.
Number of zigzags within the line shall be rounded to an integer, l1 < 40 makes n=1 .
EXAMPLE
l0 = 125 d = 0,25
l1 = 125 + 2 , 5 = 127 , 5
127 , 5
n= + 1 = 2 , 594  3
80
127 , 5
l2 = − ( 7 , 5 × 0 , 25) = 40 , 625
3
40 , 625
l3 = = 20 , 313
2
Interpretation of the result: a line with zigzags with a length of 127,5 mm and a line width of 0,25 mm is drawn
with three zigzags. The distance between the zigzags is 40,625 mm and the length of the dashes at the ends is
20,313 mm.

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
A.11.3 “Railway” line

Key
1 line segment
a Continuous line no. 01.
b Dashed spaced line no. 03.
Figure A.20 — Configuration of “railway” line
Figure A.21 — Example of “railway” line
Formulae:
b) Number of line segments within the line: l1 −12d

n=
30d
c) Length of the dashes: l1 −18dn
l2 =
n +1

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)

EXAMPLE
l1 = 125 d = 0,35
125 − 4 , 2
n= = 11 , 505  12
10 , 5
125 − 75 , 60
l2 = = 3 , 800
12 + 1
Interpretation of the results: a “railway” line of length 125 mm and line width 1,4 mm (4 × 0,35 mm) consists of
12 complete line segments of length 10,100 mm (3,800 mm + 6,300 mm) and one dash of length 3,800 mm.

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Annex B
(normative)
Lines in construction technical drawings
B.1 Field of application

This annex specifies types of lines and their application in construction technical drawings.
B.2 Types of lines and their applications

The basic line type and subtype number are provided in the first column of Table B.1. Line type
application numbers are provided in the third column of Table B.1. Examples of applications are shown
in Annex C.
Table B.1 — Types of lines and their application in construction technical drawings
Description and Application
No. Application
representation reference
Boundaries of different materials in view, cut and section
.1 ISO 7519
(alternatively, see no. 01.2.2)
ISO 128-3
.2 Hatching
ISO 7519
.3 Diagonals for indication of openings, holes and recesses ISO 7519
Arrow lines in stairs, ramps and sloping areas (indicating
.4 ISO 7519
the top level)
.5 Modular grid lines, first stage ISO 8560
Continuous narrow
.6 Short centre lines —
line
.7 Extension lines ISO 129-1
01.1 .8 Dimension lines and their terminators ISO 129-1
.9 Leader lines 9.1
Existing contours on landscape technical drawings (alter-
.10 ISO 11091
natively, see no. 02.1.1)
Visible outlines of parts in view (alternatively, see no.
.11 ISO 7519
01.2.3)
Simplified representation of, for example, doors, windows,
.12 stairs for plan drawings, fittings (alternatively, see no. ISO 7519
01.2.4)
.13 Framing of details ISO 128-3
Continuous narrow
lines with zigzags Limits of partial or interrupted views, cuts and sections, if
.14 —
the limit is not a line 04.1 (alternatively, see no. 04.1.6)

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Table B.1 (continued)

No. Application
Visible outlines of parts in cut and section when hatching
.1 ISO 7519
is used
Boundaries of different materials in view, cut and section
.2 ISO 7519
Continuous wide Visible outlines of parts in view (alternatively, see no.
.3 ISO 7519
01.2 line 01.1.11)
Simplified representation of, for example, doors, windows,
.4 ISO 7519
stairs, fittings (alternatively, see no. 01.1.12)
.5 Modular grid lines, second stage ISO 8560
.6 Arrow lines for marking of views, cuts and sections ISO 128-3
.7 Proposed contours on landscape technical drawings ISO 11091
Continuous extra- Visible outlines of parts in cut and section when hatching
.1 ISO 7519
wide line is not used
01.3
.2 Reinforcing bars (see no. 02.3.1) ISO 3766
.3 Lines of special importance —
Existing contours on landscape technical drawings (alter-
Dashed narrow line .1 ISO 11091
02.1
.2 Subdivision of plant beds or grass ISO 11091
.3 Hidden outlines (alternatively, see no. 02.2.1) —
Dashed wide line
02.2 .1 Hidden outlines (alternatively, see no. 02.1.3) —
Dashed extra-wide Reinforcing bars in bottom layer on plan and far face layer
02.3 line .1 in elevation when bottom and top layers and near and far ISO 3766
face layers are shown on the same sketch
.1 Cutting planes (line 04.2 at ends and changes of direction) ISO 128-3
.2 Centre lines ISO 129-1
Long-dashed dot- Lines of symmetry (identified at the ends by two narrow
.3 ISO 128-3
ted narrow line short parallel lines drawn at right angles)
04.1 .4 Framing of enlarged details ISO 8560
.5 Reference lines —
Limits of partial or interrupted views, cuts and sections
(especially for short lines and in narrow situations; see
.6 —
example no. 01.1.2, no. 01.2.1 and no. 01.3.1 in annex c;
alternatively, see no. 01.1.14)
Long-dashed dot- Cutting planes (at ends and changes of direction; see no.
.1 ISO 128-3
ted wide line 04.1.1)
04.2
Outlines of visible parts situated in front of the cutting
.2 —
plane
Long-dashed dot- Secondary lines for setting out and arbitrary reference ISO 4463-1
.1
ted extra-wide line lines ISO 4463-3
04.3 Indication of covering to a surface, e.g. Cladding, lining,
.2 ISO 7437
ceramic tiles
.3 Boundary lines for contracts, stages, zones —

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Table B.1 (continued)

No. Application
Long-dashed dou-
ble-dotted narrow .1 Alternative and extreme positions of movable parts ISO 128-3
line
05.1 .2 Centroidal line ISO 129-5
.3 Outlines of adjacent parts ISO 128-3
.4 Simplified representation of suspended ceiling ISO 7519
Long-dashed dou-
ble-dotted wide Outlines of hidden parts situated in front of the cutting
05.2 line .1 —
plane
Long-dashed
double-dotted
05.3 extra-wide line .1 Reinforcing prestressed bars and cables ISO 3766
Dotted narrow line

07.1 .1 Outlines of parts not included in the project —
B.3 Line widths

In construction technical drawings, three line widths can be used: narrow, wide and extra-wide (see
Table B.2).
The proportions of the line widths are 1:2:4.
A special line width is used for representation and lettering of graphical symbols. This line width is
between the width of the narrow and the wide line.
Table B.2 — Line widths in construction technical drawings

Line widths
for line no.
01.1, 02.1, 04.1, 01.2, 02.2, 04.2, 01.3, 02.3, 04.3, Line widths for
Line group
05.1, 07.1 05.2 05.3 graphical symbols
Narrow line Wide line Extra-wide line

0,25 0,13 0,25 0,5 0,18
0,35 0,18 0,35 0,7 0,25
0,5 0,25 0,5 1 0,35
0,7 0,35 0,7 1,4 0,5
1 0,5 1 2 0,7
The line widths shall be chosen according to the type, size and scale of the technical drawing and the
requirements at microcopying and other methods of reproduction.

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Annex C
(informative)
Examples of application in construction technical drawings
Examples of the application of the different types of lines, along with the corresponding reference
numbers from Table B.1, are given in Table C.1.
The basic line type number and subtype number are provided in the first column of Table C.1. Line type
application numbers are provided in the second column of Table C.1
Table C.1 — Examples of application in construction technical drawings

Figure
No. Application Example
no.
Boundaries of different materials in

.1 view, cut and section (alternatively, C.1
see no. 01.2.2)
.2 Hatching C.2
01.1 Diagonals for indication of openings,

.3 C.3
holes and recesses
Arrow lines in stairs, ramps and slop-

.4 C.4
ing areas (indicating the top level)
stairs ramps
.5 Modular grid, first stage C.5
.6 Short centre lines C.6

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Table C.1 (continued)

Figure
no.
.7 Extension lines C.7
.8 Dimension lines C.8
.9 Leader lines and reference lines C.9
Existing contours on landscape draw-

.10 C.10
ings
Visible outlines of parts in view (alter-

.11 C.11
Simplified representation of, for

.12 example, doors, windows, fittings C.12
doors windows

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Figure
no.
.13 Framing of details C.13
Limits of partial or interrupted views,

.14 cuts and sections, if the limit is not a C.14
line 04.1
Visible outlines of parts in cut and

.1 C.15
section when hatching is used
Boundaries of different materials in

.2 view, cut and section (alternatively, C.16
see no. 01.1.1)
Visible outlines of parts in view (alter-

.3 C.17
01.2
Simplified representation of, for

.4 example, doors, windows, fittings C.18
doors windows
.5 Modular lines, second stage C.19
Arrow lines for marking of views, cuts

.6 C.20
and sections
Proposed contours on landscape

.7 C.21
drawings

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Figure
no.
Visible outlines of parts in cut and

.1 C.22
section when hatching is not used
01.3
.2 Reinforcing bars (see no. 02.3.1) C.23
Existing contours on landscape draw-

.1 C.24
ings (alternatively, see no. 01.1.10)
02.1
.2 Subdivision of plant beds or grass C.25
Hidden outlines (alternatively, see no.

02.2 .1 C.26
02.1.3)
Reinforcing bars in bottom layer on

plan and far face layer in elevation
02.3 .1 when bottom and top layers and near C.27
and far face layers are shown on the
same sketch

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Figure
no.
Cutting planes (drawn with line 04.2

.1 C.28
at ends and changes of direction)
.2 Centre lines C.29
04.1
Lines of symmetry (identified at the
.3 ends by two narrow short parallel C.30
lines drawn at right angles)
.4 Framing of enlarged details C.31
.5 Modular line in an axial position C.32
Cutting planes (drawn with line 04.2

.1 at ends and changes of direction; the C.33
rest is drawn with line 04.1)
04.2
Outlines of visible parts situated in

.2 C.34
front of the cutting plane

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Figure
no.
Secondary lines for setting out and

.1 C.35
arbitrary reference lines
Indication of lines or surfaces to

.2 C.36
which a special requirement applies
04.3
Boundary lines for contracts, stages,

.3 C.37
zones
Alternative and extreme position of

.1 C.38
movable parts
05.1
.2 Centroidal lines C.39
.3 Outlines of adjacent parts C.40
Outlines of hidden parts situated in

05.2 .1 C.41
front of the cutting plane
Reinforcing prestressed bars and

05.3 .1 C.42
cables
Outlines of parts not included in the

07.1 .1 C.43
project

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Annex D
(normative)
Types of lines and their application in mechanical engineering

technical drawings
D.1 Field of application

This annex specifies the types of lines and their application in mechanical engineering technical
drawings.
The basic line type number and subtype number are provided in the first column of Table D.1. Line type
application numbers are provided in the third column of Table D.1.
Examples of applications are shown in Annex E.
Table D.1 — Types of lines and applications

Line description Application Figure E.54
No. Application
and representation reference keya
.1 Imaginary lines of intersection — B1
.2 Dimension lines ISO 129-1 B2
.3 Extension lines ISO 129-1 B3
ISO 128-2 B4
.4 Leader lines and reference lines ISO 2553
ISO 12671
.5 Hatching ISO 128-3 B5
.6 Outlines of revolved sections ISO 128-3 B6
.7 Short centre lines — B7
.8 Root of screw threads ISO 6410-1 B8
Origin and terminations of dimension
Continuous narrow line .9 ISO 129-1 B9
01.1 Lines
.10 Diagonals for the indication of flat surfaces ISO 128-3 B 10
Bending lines on blanks and processed B 11
.11 ISO 128-3
parts
.12 Framing of details ISO 128-3 B 12
Indication of repetitive details, e.g. Root ISO 128-3 B 13
.13
circle of gears ISO 2203
Dimensioning and tolerancing gauge lines ISO 3040 B 14
.14
(for cones and wedges) ISO 2538-2
.15 Location of laminations ISO 128-3 B 15
.16 Projection lines ISO 5456-4 B 16
.17 Grid lines (e.g. For graph, map) — B 17
a Letters and numbers correspond to the balloons shown in Figure E.54 a) to p).
b It is recommended that only one type of line is used per technical drawing.

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Table D.1 (continued)

No. Application
ISO 16972
.18 Axis of coordinate system —
ISO 129–1
Continuous narrow Preferably manually represented termina-
freehand or freeform tion of partial or interrupted views, cuts
curve line .19 ISO 128-3 C1
and sections, if the limit is not a line of sym-
metry or a centre lineb
Continuous narrow line Mechanically represented termination of
with zigzags partial or interrupted views, cuts and sec-
.20 ISO 128-3 D1
tions, if the limit is not a line of symmetry or
a centre line b
.1 Visible edges ISO 128-3 A1

.2 Visible outlines ISO 128-3 A2
.3 Crests of screw threads ISO 6410-1 A3
.4 Limit of length of full depth thread ISO 6410-1 A4
Continuous wide line Main representations in diagrams, maps,
01.2 .5 — A5
graphs, flow charts
Structural line (simplified representation of
.6 ISO 5261 A6
structural components)
.7 Parting lines of moulds in views ISO 10135 A7
Direction changes of lines of cuts and sec-
.8 ISO 128-3 A8
tion arrows
Dashed narrow line .1 Hidden edges ISO 128-3 F1
02.1
.2 Hidden outlines ISO 128-3 F2
Dashed wide line Indication of permissible areas of surface ISO 15787
02.2 .1 treatment, e.g. Heat treatment, organic E1
coatings, thermally sprayed coating ISO 12671
.1 Centre lines ISO 129-1 G1
.2 Lines and planes of symmetry, situation ISO 128-3
G2
features (as median features) ISO 5459
Long-dashed dotted .3 ISO 2203
Pitch circle of gears G3
narrow line
04.1 .4 ISO 128-3
Pitch circle of holes G4
ISO 129-1
.5 Indication of expected or wished spread of ISO 15787
G5
surface-hardened areas, e.g. Heat treatment
.6 Cutting line ISO 128-3 G6
.7 Cutting plane ISO 16792 H1
.1 Indication of restricted area on surface, e.g. ISO 15787
Heat treatment, organic coatings, thermal-
ISO 1101
ly sprayed coating or restricted areas of a
Long-dashed dotted
toleranced feature ISO 129-1 J1
04.2 wide line
ISO 10135
ISO 12671
.2 Position of cutting planes ISO 128-3 J2

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Table D.1 (continued)

No. Application
.1 Outlines of adjacent parts, contacting fea- ISO 128-3
K1
tures ISO 5459
.2 Extreme positions of movable parts ISO 128-3 K2
.3 Centroidal lines ISO 129-5 K3
.4 ISO 128-3
Initial outlines prior to forming K4
ISO 129-1
.5 Parts situated in front of a cutting plane — K5
Long-dashed dou- .6
Outlines of alternative executions — K6
ble-dotted narrow line
05.1
.7 ISO 128-3
Outlines of the finished part within blanks K7
ISO 10135
.8 Framing of particular fields or limited areas ISO 15785
K8
for adhesive, brazing and soldering ISO 15787
.9 Projected tolerance feature ISO 1101 K9
.10 Optical axes ISO 10110-1 K 10
.11 Indication of structural outlines used in
ISO 15787 K 11
mechanical processes
.12 Outline of datum target areas ISO 5459 K12
07.2 Dotted wide line .1 Indication of areas where heat treatment is
ISO 15787 L1
not permissible
09.2 Long-dashed double- .1
short-dashed wide line Situation features (as non-median features) ISO 5459 M1
D.2 Hierarchy of overlapping lines

If two or more lines of different type are overlapping, the hierarchy should be as shown in Table D.2 (see
Figure E.54 in Annex E).
Table D.2 — Types of lines and applications

Line
Level of hierarchy
No. Application
1 01.2 visible edges and outlines
01.1.18 limits of partial or interrupted views
2 01.1.19 limits of partial or interrupted views
02.1 hidden edges and outlines
02.2 hidden outlines
3 04.2 cutting planes
07.2 heat treatment is not permissible
4 04.1 centre lines
5 05.1 centroidal lines
6 01.1 extension lines; without line type 01.1.14

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
D.3 Line widths and line groups

In mechanical engineering technical drawings, two line widths are normally used. The proportions
between the line widths should be 1:2.
The line groups are specified in Table D.3
Table D.3 — Line groups in mechanical engineering technical drawings

Dimensions in millimetres
Line width for line no.
Line group 01.1, 02.1, 04.1, 05.1 01.2, 02.2, 04.2, 07.2
Narrow line Wide line
0,25 0,13 0,25
0,35 0,18 0,35
0,5a 0,25 0,5
0,7a 0,35 0,7
1 0,5 1
1,4 0,7 1,4
2 1 2
a Preferred line groups.
The widths and groups of lines should be chosen according to the type, size and scale of the technical
drawing and according to the requirements for microcopying and/or other methods of reproduction.

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Annex E
(informative)
Examples of application in mechanical engineering technical

drawings
E.1 Examples of application

Table E.1 gives examples of the application of the different types of lines indicating the reference
number given in Table D.1. The figures are shown in first-angle projection. It is understood that third-
angle projection can also be used.
The basic line type number and subtype number are provided in the first column of Table E.1. Line type
application numbers are provided in the second column of Table E.1.
Table E.1 — Examples of application in mechanical engineering technical drawings

Figure
no.
.1 Imaginary lines of intersection E.1
01.1
.2 Dimension lines E.2
.3 Extension lines E.3

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Table E.1 (continued)

Figure
no.
.4 Leader lines, reference lines and tile E.4
.5 Hatching E.5
.6 Outlines of revolved sections E.6
.7 Short centre lines E.7
.8 Root of screw threads E.8
Origin and terminations of dimension

.9 E.9
lines

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Figure
no.
Diagonals for the indication of flat

.10 E.10
surfaces
Bending lines on blanks and

.11 E.11
processed parts
.12 Framing of details E.12
Indication of repetitive features, e.g.

.13 E.13
root circle of gears
Dimensioning and tolerancing lines

.14 E.14
(for cones and wedges)
Location of laminations, e.g. trans-

.15 E.15
former plates

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Figure
no.
.16 Projection lines E.16
.17 Grid lines E.17
.18 Axis of coordinate system E.18
Continuous narrow freehand or free-

.19 E.19
form curve lines
.20 Continuous narrow lines with zigzags E.20
.1 Visible edges E.21
01.2
.2 Visible outlines E.22

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Figure
no.
.3 Crests of screw threads E.23
.4 Limit of length of full-depth thread E.24
Main representations in diagrams,

.5 E.25
maps, graphs, flow charts
Structural line (simplified rep-

.6 resentation of structural compo- E.26
nents)
.7 Parting lines of moulds in views E.27

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Figure
no.
Direction changes of lines of cuts and

.8 E.28
section arrows
.1 Hidden edges E.29
02.1
.2 Hidden outlines E.30
Indication of the permissible surface

treatment, e.g. heat treatment,
02.2 .1 E.31
organic coatings, thermally sprayed
coatings
04.1 .1 Centre lines E.32

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Figure
no.
.2 Lines and planes of symmetry E.33
.3 Pitch circles of gears E.34
.4 Pitch circles of holes E.35

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Figure
no.
Indication of expected or wished

.5 spread of surface-hardened areas, e.g. E.36
heat treatment
.6 Cutting line E.37
Indication of restricted area on

surface, e.g. heat treatment, organic
.1 coatings, thermally sprayed coating E.38
or restricted areas of a toleranced
feature
04.2
.2 Position of cutting planes E.39
.1 Outlines of adjacent parts E.40
05.1
.2 Extreme positions of movable parts E.41

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Figure
no.
.3 Centroidal lines E.42
.4 Initial outlines prior to forming E.43
Parts situated in front of a cutting

.5 E.44
plane
.6 Outlines of alternative executions E.45
Outlines of the finished part within

.7 E.46
blanks

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Figure
no.
Framings of particular fields or areas,

.8 limited area for adhesive, brazing and E.47
soldering
.9 Projected toleranced features E.48
.10 Optical axis E.49
Indication of structural outlines used

.11 E.50
in mechanical processes

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Figure
no.
.12 Outline of datum target areas E.51
Indication of areas where heat treat-

07.2 .1 E.52
ment is not permissible
Situation feature
09.2 .1 E.53
(as non-median features)
E.2 Examples of hierarchy of overlapping lines

Figure E.54 a) to p) give examples of the hierarchy of overlapping lines. See the figure key in Table D.1
for line type identification.
a)

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)
b) c) d)
e) f) g)
h) i) j)
k) l) m)
n) o) p)
Figure E.54 — Examples of hierarchy

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Annex F
(normative)
Types of lines and their application on shipbuilding technical

drawings
F.1 Field of application

This annex specifies application rules and basic conventions for the types of lines on shipbuilding
technical drawings.
F.2 Types of lines and their application

The different types of lines and their application are described in Table F.1.
The basic line type number and subtype number are provided in the first column of Table F.1. Line type
application numbers are provided in the third column of Table F.1.
Examples of application are shown in Annex G.
Table F.1 — Types of lines and their application on shipbuilding technical drawings
Line description Application
No. Application
and representation reference
Continuous narrow line .1 Visible edges ISO 128-15
.2 Seams and butts ISO 2553
.3 Visible profiles ISO 5261
Continuous narrow Freehand or freeform curve drawn boundaries
undulating line of partial or interrupted views and sections,
01.1 .4 ISO 128-15
if the boundary is not a line of symmetry or a
centre linea
Continuous narrow line Preferably computer-drawn boundaries of
with zigzags partial or interrupted views and sections, if the
.5 ISO 128-15
boundary is not a line of symmetry or a centre
linea
Sections of structural members, for example
.1 Outer plating ISO 128-15
.2 Decks ISO 128-15
.3 Inner bottoms —
Continuous wide line .4 Bulkheads and walls ISO 128-15
01.2 .5 Bottom girders and floors —
.6 Transverse girders, longitudinal girders —
.7 Stringers ISO 128-15
.8 Web frames ISO 128-15
.9 Brackets —
.10 Profiles —
a It is recommended that only one type of line is used per technical drawing.
b The decision on whether to use the line type 02.2.3 or 01+03 is left to the shipyard.

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Table F.1 (continued)

Line description Application
No. Application
and representation reference
Dashed narrow line .1 Hidden edges ISO 128-15
02.1
.2 Hidden profiles ISO 5261
Hidden sections of structural members, for example
.1 Decks ISO 128-15
Dashed wide line .2 Inner bottoms —
02.2 .3 Walls and bulkheadsb —
.4 Bottom girders ISO 128-15
.5 Floors —
.6 Brackets —
Long-dashed dotted nar-
.1 Veed-out openings ISO 128-15
04.1 row line
.2 Intersections, knuckles, centre lines ISO 128-15
Long-dashed dotted wide
.1 Deck girders ISO 128-15
line
04.2
.2 Web frames ISO 128-15
.3 Transverse webs, stringers ISO 128-15
Long-dashed double- dot-
.1 Outlines of adjacent parts ISO 128-15
ted narrow line
05.1
Parts situated in front of or behind the cutting
.2 —
plane
Railway line
01+03 .1 Hidden plates, e.g. Tight walls or bulkheadsb ISO 128-15
a It is recommended that only one type of line is used per technical drawing.
b The decision on whether to use the line type 02.2.3 or 01+03 is left to the shipyard.
F.3 Line widths and line groups

Two line widths are normally used on shipbuilding technical drawings. The proportions between the
line widths should be in the range 1:2 to 1:3.
The line groups are specified in Table F.2.
Table F.2 — Line groups on shipbuilding technical drawings

Dimensions in millimetres
Line widths for line no.
Line group 01.1, 02.1, 04.1, 05.1 01.2, 02.2, 04.2
01+03
Narrow line Wide line
0,5 0,25 0,5
0,7 0,35 0,7 1,0
1,0 0,5 1,0
The widths and groups of lines should be chosen according to the type, size and scale of the technical
drawing and according to the requirements for microcopying and/or other methods of reproduction.

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Annex G
(informative)
Application examples of the different types of lines on

shipbuilding technical drawings
Table G.1 gives examples of the application of the different types of lines indicating the reference
number given in Table F.1.
The basic line type number and subtype number are provided in the first column of Table G.1. Line type
application numbers are provided in the second column of Table G.1
Table G.1 — Application examples on shipbuilding technical drawings

Example
no.
Visible edges on continuous profile

sections crossing with girders
Indication of position of moulded

edge of plates
The moulded edge of plates and pro-
01.1 .1 file sections shall be designated by a G.1
dash drawn adjacent to the ancillary
dimension line
Indication of dimension referred to

the centre line of plates
Indication of dimension referred to
the centre line, e.g. of main girders or
other thick structural members

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Table G.1 (continued)

Example
no.
Butt joint of plates and/or profile
sections
The sign shown shall be used on tech-
nical drawings which do not provide
welding information, as specified in
ISO 2553
Junction between profile sections of

different sizes
In sectional representations of the
junction the arrows are omitted.
For identification of the lines see
.2 G.2
example number G.1
Section butt
The sign shown shall be used on tech-
nical drawings which do not provide
welding information, as specified in
ISO 2553
The sign designates the butt of
adjoining sections. It is drawn in
top views and projections, while in
sectional drawings it is represented
externally in conjunction with line
01.1.2
Profile sections connected with over-

lapping brackets
The actual shape of the profile sec-
tion used can also be represented
.3 G.3
lapping brackets
tion used can also be represented.
Profile sections connected with in-
serted brackets
Designation of profile sections shall
be in accordance with ISO 5261

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ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Example
no.
Freehand or freeform curve drawn

boundaries of partial or interrupted
.4 views and sections when the bound- G.4
ary is not a line of symmetry or a
centre line
Computer-drawn boundaries of par-

tial or interrupted views and sections
when the boundary is not a line of
.5 symmetry or a centre line G.5
Example shows continuous profile
sections crossing with girders
Outer plating on sections of structur-

.1 G.6
al members
01.2
Decks on sections of structural mem-

.2 G.7
bers

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Example
no.
Profiles on panels, general

Representation in, for example, walls,
decks
tion used may also be represented
Continuous parts at junctions

The arrows indicate that the compo-
nent in fragmentary representation is
continuous
Non-continuous parts at junctions

The arrows indicate that the compo-
nents in fragmentary representation
end at the junction
Inner bottoms
Application of continuous wide lines
.3 exemplified by a detail of a stiffened G.8
longitudinal girder of a bottom struc-
ture
Bulkheads and walls

.4 Application of different lines and G.9
symbols exemplified by a deck detail
Bottom girders and floors

Application of continuous wide lines
.5 exemplified by a detail of a stiffened G.10
ture

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Example
no.
Transverse girders, longitudinal
girders
Sniped profile sections
A transverse line is used to show
free ending profile sections in top
view/projection drawings. An end
.6 cut under 30° or 45° is marked by an G.11
additional sloped dash
When such profile sections are
represented in both top view/projec-
tion and section, the transverse lines
may be dispensed with in one of the
drawings
Web frames on sections of structural

.7 G.12
members
Brackets on sections of structural

.8 G.13
members
Profiles on sections of structural

members
.9 Application of continuous wide lines G.14
exemplified by a detail of a stiffened
ture

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Example
no.
Hidden edges
Continuous profile sections crossing
with girders
.1 G.15
Welded ends of profile sections

02.1 marked by arrows
When such profile ends are repre-
sented in both top view and projec-
tion, arrows may be dispensed within
one view
Hidden profiles on panels, general

Representation in, for example, walls,
decks
.2 The actual shape of the profile sec- G.16
tion used can also be represented
Hidden decks
02.2 .1 Application of different lines exempli- G.17
fied in a view of a shell expansion

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Example
no.
Hidden inner bottoms

.2 Application of different lines exempli- G.18
Hidden walls and bulkheads

Hidden bottom girders

Hidden floors

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Example
no.
Hidden brackets
lapping brackets
.6 G.22
Profile sections connected with in-

serted brackets

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Example
no.
Veed-out openings
04.1
S-wedge, facing forward and back-

ward or facing up and down
For an S-wedged wall one representa-

tion of the S-wedge is sufficient
The distance between S-wedges shall
be drawn to scale
.2 G.24
Corrugated bulkheads
Nearby knuckles are represented by
continuous narrow lines; distant ones
by long-dashed dotted narrow lines

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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Example
no.
Hidden deck girders

04.2 .2 Hidden web frames G.26
Hidden transverse webs, stringers


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UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)

Example
no.
Outlines of adjacent parts

05.1
Parts situated in front of or behind

the cutting plane
.2 G.29
Application of different lines exempli-
Hidden plates, e.g. tight walls or

bulkheads
01+03 .1 G.30
Application of different lines and

Este documento
AENOR.
21/02/2024
UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
Bibliography
[1] ISO 1219-1, Fluid power systems and components — Graphical symbols and circuit diagrams —
Part 1: Graphical symbols for conventional use and data-processing applications
[2] ISO 1302,1)Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Indication of surface texture in technical
product documentation
[3] ISO 3511-1, Process measurement control functions and instrumentation — Symbolic representation
— Part 1: Basic requirements
— Part 2: Extension of basic requirements
— Part 3: Detailed symbols for instrument interconnection diagrams
[6] ISO 3511-4, Industrial process measurement control functions and instrumentation — Symbolic
representation — Part 4: Basic symbols for process computer, interface, and shared display/control
functions
[7] ISO 5127:2017, Information and documentation — Foundation and vocabulary
[8] ISO 6433, Technical product documentation — Part references
[9] ISO 8048,2)Technical drawings — Construction drawings — Representation of views, sections and
cuts
[10] ISO 10628-1, Diagrams for the chemical and petrochemical industry — Part 1: Specification of
diagrams
[11] ISO 13715, Technical product documentation — Edges of undefined shape — Indication and
dimensioning
[12] IEC 61082-1, Preparation of documents used in electrotechnology — Part 1: Rules
1) Cancelled and replaced by ISO 21920-1.

2) Cancelled and replaced by ISO 128-3.

AENOR.
21/02/2024
UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
AENOR.
21/02/2024
UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022
ISO 128-2:2022(E)
ICS 01.100.01
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Norma Española

UNE-EN ISO 128-2:2022

Documentación técnica de productos. Principios

Asociación Española Calle de Génova, 6 915 294 900

Documentación técnica de productos. Principios generales de representación. Parte 2:

Documentation technique de produits (TPD) - Principes généraux de représentation - Partie 2:

En cumplimiento del punto 11.2.5.4 de las Reglas Internas de CEN/CENELEC Parte 2, se ha

Este documento está disponible en los idiomas oficiales de CEN/CENELEC/ETSI.

La correspondiente versión oficial de este documento se encuentra disponible en la Asociación Española de

Las observaciones a este documento han de dirigirse a:

Asociación Española de Normalización

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 128-2

ICS 01.100.01 Supersedes EN ISO 128-2:2020

Technical product documentation (TPD) - General

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 September 2022.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

This document supersedes EN ISO 128-2:2020.

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved ﻿ iii

iv ﻿ © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved ﻿ v

Technical product documentation (TPD) — General

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved ﻿ 1

3 ​Terms and definitions

2 ﻿ © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

4.2 ​Basic types

Table 1 — Basic line types

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved ﻿ 3

4.3 ​Line subtypes

Table 2 — Line subtypes

4.4 ​Variations of the basic types of lines

Table 3 — Line variations

Uniform spiral continuous line

Uniform zigzag continuous line

4.5 ​Combinations of lines with the same length

4.5.1 ​Arrangement of two or more lines parallel to each other

For examples see Figure 1.

4 ﻿ © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

Figure 1 — Example of lines parallel to each other

4.5.2 ​Arrangement of two different types of lines

Figure 2 — Example of superimposed lines

b) Arranged next to each other. See Figure 3 for an example.

See Figure 4 a) and b) for examples.

a) Filled circular elements b) Filled trapezoidal elements

4.5.4 ​Arrangement of regularly recurring geometric pictorial elements in association with

a) Without interruption of a continuous line. See Figure 5 for examples.

Figure 5 — Without interruption of a continuous line

b) With interruption of a continuous line. See Figure 6 for examples.

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved ﻿ 5

Figure 6 — With interruption of a continuous line

5.1 ​Line width

5.2 ​Deviation in line width

5.3 ​Configuration of lines

Table 4 — Lengths of graphical basic elements

6 ﻿ © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

Figure 7 — Long-dashed short-dashed lines intersecting as a cross

Figure 8 — Dashed lines intersecting as a cross

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved ﻿ 7

Figure 9 — Dashed lines intersecting as a partial cross

Figure 10 — Four dashed lines meeting at an intersection

Figure 12 — Dashed lines meeting at corners and at intersection

8 ﻿ © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

Figure 13 — Dotted lines intersecting at a dot

Figure 14 — Partial cross intersection

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved iii

iv © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved v

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 1

3 Terms and definitions

2 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

4.2 Basic types

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 3

4.3 Line subtypes

4.4 Variations of the basic types of lines

4.5 Combinations of lines with the same length

4.5.1 Arrangement of two or more lines parallel to each other

4 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

4.5.2 Arrangement of two different types of lines

4.5.4 Arrangement of regularly recurring geometric pictorial elements in association with

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 5

5.1 Line width

5.2 Deviation in line width

5.3 Configuration of lines

6 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 7

8 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 9

6.3 Location of a second line

6.4 Hierarchy of overlapping lines

10 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

9.1 Presentation of leader lines

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 11

12 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 13

9.2 Representation of reference lines

14 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

9.3 Indication of instructions

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 15

16 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

A.1 Calculation of graphical basic elements

A.2 Graphical basic element

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 17

A.5 Line type no. 02 (dashed line)

18 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

A.6 Line type no. 04 (long-dashed dotted line)

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 19

A.7 Line type no. 05 (long-dashed double-dotted line)

20 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

A.8 Line type no. 07 (dotted line)

© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 21

22 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved

A.9 Line type no. 08 (long-dashed short-dashed line)