Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Método
1. Análisis de insumo-producto de energía y observaciones sobre el desarrollo
sustentable, caso mexicano 1970-2010. (2015)**
Adrián Livas-García
La energía para México es un elemento importante de su desarrollo, su adecuada gestión puede
contribuir a alcanzar criterios de sustentabilidad. La transformación de energía disponible a energía
útil ha aumentado por la producción de hidrocarburos y no por mejoras tecnológicas en la
transformación y distribución de energía. Se utiliza el concepto de requerimientos energéticos de
energía con la metodología de insumo-producto y el análisis de energético mexicano se ha anclado
a los hidrocarburos, y son las exportaciones de energía, los sectores económicos, el residencial y el
transporte los principales consumidores.
2. Green versus brown: Comparing the employment impacts of energy efficiency,
renewable energy, and fossil fuels using an input-output model (2017)
Heidi Garrett-Peltier
Global carbon emissions have reached unsustainable levels, and transforming the energy sector by
increasing efficiency and use of renewables is one of the primary strategies to reduce emissions.
Policy makers need to understand both the environmental and economic impacts of fiscal and
regulatory policies regarding the energy sector. Transitioning to lower-carbon energy will entail a
contraction of the fossil fuel sector, along with a loss of jobs. An important question is whether
clean energy will create more jobs than will be lost in fossil fuels. This article presents a method of
using Input-Output (I-O) tables to create “synthetic” industries – namely clean energy industries
that do not currently exist in I-O tables. This approach allows researchers to evaluate public and
private spending in clean energy and compare it to the effects of spending on fossil fuels. Here we
focus on employment impacts in the short-to-medium term, and leave aside the long-term
comparison of operations and maintenance employment. We find that on average, 2.65 full-time-
equivalent (FTE) jobs are created from $1 million spending in fossil fuels, while that same amount
of spending would create 7.49 or 7.72 FTE jobs in renewables or energy efficiency. Thus each $1
million shifted from brown to green energy will create a net increase of 5 jobs
3. Assessing the regional economic impacts of renewable energy sources – A literature
review (2018)
Simon Jennichesa
The transition of the global energy system is one of the main trends that offers opportunities as well
as challenges for the economy. Most literature evaluates the impact of that transition at a national
level. That view is broadened towards a regional scale. Due to the lower energy density of many
renewable energy sources, renewable energy generation will be more decentralised, leading to
potentially significant changes in the regional economy when transitioning to a renewable energy
system. In this paper the current literature and methods of assessing regional economic impacts of a
transition to renewable energy generation is reviewed. The findings suggest an overall need to
clearly define the topics, such as technologies, that are assessed and the evaluated time period. A
guideline for a regional impact assessment is provided, focusing on the suitability of applied impact
assessment methods (employment ratios, supply chain analyses, input-output models, and
computable general equilibrium models)
4. A comparative analysis of substituting imported gas and coal for electricity with
renewables – An input-output simulation (2018)**
Mitra Kamidelivanda, Caiman Cahillc, Maria Llopd, Fionn Rogana, Brian O'Gallachoira,
For many countries, the leading energy system decarbonisation strategy is to decrease reliance on
imported fossil-fuel by developing renewable electricity. This paper offers insights on the net
effects of transition to low fossil-based electricity by adapting an input-output (I-O) substitution
model. Firstly, it addresses a common challenge with national I-O tables, namely how to isolate
figures for inhomogeneous products like ‘electricity’ and ‘gas’ aggregated into one sector for a case
study of Ireland. Secondly, it applies an extended I-O model to compare the net impacts on energy
and non-energy sectors when substituting imported fossil fuels for electricity with renewable
resources. Within the framework of the I-O model, for each 1% GHG reduction of the gas
substitution scenario, there are increases of 26.2 net jobs and €5.1m net value-added.
5. Optimizing electricity mix for CO2 emissions reduction: A robust input-output linear
programming model (2020)
Jidong Kanga, Tsan Sheng Nga, Bin Sub
Input-Output Linear Programming (IO-LP) model has been recently used to identify a cost-effective
strategy for reduction in economy-wide CO2 emissions through a shift in the electricity generation
mix. As an extension, this study further develops a robust IO-LP model to address the data
uncertainties of technology cost and final demand. Compared to the deterministic IO-LP model
which seeks to minimize the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), the robust IO-LP model aims to
maximize the tolerance of data uncertainty under a dynamic uncertainty setting. The modelling
results in case study of China show that coalfired and hydro generation technologies should be
greatly developed from 2020 to 2050 in the BusinessAs-Usual (BAU) scenario with no emissions
target set.
6. The Status and Evolution of Energy Supply and Use in Mexico Prior to the 2014
Energy Reform: An Input-Output Approach (2018)**
Zeus Guevara, Oscar Córdoba
In 2014, the Mexican government approved a bold energy reform that allows private energy
companies to freely participate in the energy market (something prohibited during the previous
eight decades). This reform is expected to significantly restructure the energy sector and boost and
diversify the energy production. Moreover, changes in the energy sector and production might lead
to structural changes in the rest of the economy and ultimately generate significant economic
benefits for the country. Nevertheless, the fundamental role of the energy sector in this oil
producing country makes the potential impacts of the reform complex to forecast. The objective of
the study is to analyze the current state, evolution, and driving factors of the total primary energy
use in Mexico in 2003–2012 (prior to the implementation of the reform) as a precedent for future
analyses of impacts of the energy reform. The results show three driving factors of the evolution of
primary energy use: final non-energy demand, direct energy intensity, and economic structure.
Also, it was found that the energy sector has been in a precarious situation regarding its structure
and efficiency. However, this situation had a small effect on the evolution of primary energy use.
7. Modelo interestatal de insumo-producto para México, 2013 (2020)**
Eduardo Amaral Haddad, Ignácio Fernandes de Araújo, María Eugenia Ibarrarán, Roy
Boyd, Alejandra Elizondo, Juan Carlos Belausteguigoitia
El objetivo de este documento es describir en detalle el proceso de estimación del sistema
interregional insumo-producto para México para el año 2013. Este es el primer ejercicio de este tipo
ya que no se ha construido un modelo regional incluyendo todos los estados de México. Con este
artículo, ponemos a disposición no sólo los detalles de los procedimientos metodológicos adoptados
para generar el sistema interregional, sino también la propia base de datos que podrán utilizar otros
investigadores y profesionistas