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COMPUESTOS CARBONÍLICOS
1) dibencilcadmio a) BnMgBr
--------------------> ---------------->
b) H3O+
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Cloruro de isobutirilo
2) NaCN i-PrMgBr
---------------> --------------->
luego H3O+ luego H3O+
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Bromuro de p-bromobencilo
3) 2 HCl Na2CO3
----------> ------------>
acuoso
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
m-Etoxifenilacetileno
4) CHCl3 Ph-NH-NH2
--------------> ----------------->
NaOH
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
p-Nitrofenol
5) isobutilamina H2/Ni
------------------> --------->
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Propiofenona
83
6) Ag(NH3)2+ OH- a) SOCl2
------------------> ---------------->
luego H+ b) H2/Pd (S)
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ciclopentanocarboxialdehido
7) H2/Ni
------> --------->
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2-Metilciclopentanona + 2,4-Dinitrofenilhidracina
8) Reactivo de H3O+
----------------- -----------
Fehling
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2-Hidroxibutanal
9) K2Cr2O7 NaHSO3
--------------> ------------->
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Difenilmetanol
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Butirofenona
84
11) Hidroxilamina H2/Pd
-------------------> --------->
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Bencil isobutil cetona
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
i-PrCOCl
13) AlCl3
-------> ------>
Calor
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
p-Cresol + Cloruro de propionilo
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
But-1-eno
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ciclopenteno
85
16) H2O NaOH
-------------> ----------->
Na2CO3 50%
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Bromuro de m-nitrobencilideno
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Cloruro de 2,2-dimetilpentanoìlo
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Isobutiraldehido
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Propionaldehìdo
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Valeraldehìdo
86
PRÁCTICA 2
COMPUESTOS CARBONÍLICOS
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
p-Etoxipropiofenona + m-Nitrobenzaldehido
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
m-Cloroacetofenona
3) H2O/H2SO4 PhCHO
----------------> --------------->
HgSO4 NaOH 5 %
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
p-Nitrofenilacetileno
4) KMnO4 trans-Ciclohexano
-----------> ------------------------->
1,2-diol
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ciclohexanol
5) EtONa BnBr
------------> --------->
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3-Oxopentanal
87
6) Bromo ácido
-----------> --------->
KOH
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
p-Acetilacetofenona
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2-Fenil-but-1-eno
8) HNO3 Et-CHO
------------ ---------------
H2SO4 NaOH 5%
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Benzaldehìdo
9) KCN H3O+
--------> --------->
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Oxido de mesitilo
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Butanal
88
11) a) Ozonólisis H2/Pd
---------------------> --------->
b) Bencilamina
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ciclopenteno
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
m-Clorobenzaldehido + Malonato de dietilo
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ciclopentanona + Cianoacetato de metilo
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Crotonaldehido
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Benzaldehìdo
89
16) Me-NH2 Cetena
------------> ----------->
H2-Ni
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Isobutiraldehido
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Benzoilacetona
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1-Formilbenzofenona
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Propionaldehìdo
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
m-Nitrobenzaldehìdo
90
PRÁCTICA 3
COMPUESTOS CARBONÍLICOS
1) a) KMnO4 cc. H2
---------------------- -----------
b) SOCl2 Pd (S)
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3-Metil-butan-1-ol
2) NaOH Yodo
----------- ----------
5% calor
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3-Metilpentanal
3) CrO3 p-Anisidina
-------- ------------------
H2/Ni
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ciclohexano-1,4-diol
4) EtONa a) Hidrólisis
----------- -------------------
b) Calor
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Acetilacetona + Oxido de mesitilo
5) NaOH H2
------------ -------
dil. Ni
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Benzaldehìdo + Propiofenona
91
6) Anilina H2/Ni
------------ -----------
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Hexano-2,5-diona
7) LiAlH4 1-Formilnaftaleno
-------------- --------------------------
H2SO4/reflujo
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Acido α-hidroxibutìrico
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1-Etil-2-metilciclohexeno
9) a) EtONa hidrólisis
---------------- ---------------
b) i-Bu-Br. luego calor
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2-Benzoilciclohexanona
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ciclopentanona + Dietilamina
92
11) NaOH a) NaCN
----------- -------------
dil. b) H3O+
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Benzaldehìdo + Ciclohexanona
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Acido succínico
13) AlCl3
---------- ----------
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
p-Metoxifenol + Cloruro de isobutirilo
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Benzaldehìdo + Cianoacetato de etilo
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Acido cinàmico
93
16) Br2 H2/Ni
--------- ----------
AcOH
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2-Metilpentanona
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Bromuro de bencilo
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Etanal + Metanal (exceso)
94
PRACTICA 4
COMPUESTOS CARBONILICOS
3) AcCH2COOEt a) Hidrólisis
------------------- -------------------
EtONa b) calor
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Benciliden-acetona
4) a) EtONa a) Agua/NaOH
--------------- -------------------------
b) BnBr b) Acido, c) Calor
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Acetilacetona
a) EtONa EtONa
5) ------------------------- ---------------
b) But-3-en-2-ona (ciclación)
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Benzoilacetona
95
6) p-Anisidina (exceso) Ac2O
---------------------------- ---------
H2/Ni
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3,5-Dioxo-ciclohexanocarboxialdehìdo
7) LiAlH4 Ciclopentanona
-------------- --------------------------
H2SO4/reflujo
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Acido α−-oxopropiónico
8) BnCHO H2/Ni
------------ ------------
exceso
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4-Aminoanilina
9) p-MeOl-C6H4-CHO CH2-(COOEt)2
------------------------- ----------------------
NaOH dil. EtONa
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ciclohexanona
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Acido malónico
96
11) H2 BnCOCl
------- --------------
Ni
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Piperidina + Ciclohexanona
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3-Metil-2-pentanona
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Acido ftálico
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Aldehído succínico
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Malonaldehido
97
16) 2 HBr a) H2O/Na2CO3
----------- ---------------------
AcOH b) Br2/KOH
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Fenilacetileno
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2-formilnaftaleno
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Benzaldehído
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Bencilidenacetofenona
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1-Fenilprop-1-ino
98
PRACTICA 5
COMPUESTOS CARBONILICOS
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
99
4) MECANISMO: Ciclohexanona + butano-2,3-diol/H2SO4 -----------
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
100
7) SINTESIS: Obtener 1-Fenil-5-metil-hex-1,4-dien-3-ona a partir de benzaldehído y acetona.
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
101
SINTESIS: Obtener 1,3-difenil-but-1-ol a partir de fenilacetileno.
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
102