UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE SAN LUIS POTOSI

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUIMICAS

LABORATORIO DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA

LABORATORIO DE TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR

Practica 1
Transferencia de calor en estado no estacionario o transitorio
Nombre del alumno:
Ramirez Nesme Sebastian
Nombre del profesor:
José Cruz Montalvo Badillo

SAN LUIS POTOSI. SLP 30/09/2022

Esquema del equipo

Transferencia de calor en estado no estacionario o

transitorio

Nombre del alumno: Esquema

Sebastian Ramirez Nesme

Fecha 30 de septiembre del

Nº1
2022
Tabla de datos experimentales
Calentamiento (ºC) Enfriamiento (ºC)

Figura Ti Tmedio Tf Ti Tmedio Tf

Cilindro 12 85 83 81 14 14
grande de
bronce

Cilindro acero 11 88 86 86 14 15

Placa de acero 14 82 81 80 20 21

Esfera de 12 82 80 80 18 24
acero

Placa de 14 81 78 78 20 21
bronce

Cilindro de 10 84 82 81 14 14
bronce

Esfera de 13 81 79 79 19 20
bronce

Nota: Los datos experimentales de la practica fueron comparados con los datos de los videos, y durante los cálculos se
realizaron correcciones de los mismos para mejor ajuste en las gráficas
Algoritmo

a. Cálculo de 𝜃
𝜃=Δ𝑇/Δ𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥=𝑇𝑜−𝑇∞/𝑇𝑖−𝑇∞[=]℃/℃[=] 𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙.

b. Cálculo de Fo conociendo α, t y L.
𝐹𝑜=𝛼∗𝑡/𝐿2[=](𝑚2/𝑠)(𝑠)/𝑚2[=] 𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙

c. Cálculo de h conociendo Bi, L y ks.

ℎ=𝑘𝑠 *𝐵𝑖/𝐿[=](𝑊/𝑚°𝐶)/𝑚[=]𝑊/𝑚2°𝐶

d. Cálculo de diferentes temperaturas teóricas T con la ecuación de Transferencia de Calor en Estado

Transitorio.

𝑇𝑡𝑒𝑜=𝑒−(ℎ∗𝐴∗𝑡/𝑉∗𝐶𝑝∗𝜌)*(𝑇𝑖−𝑇∞)+𝑇∞[=]𝑒−((𝑊/𝑚2°𝐶∗𝑚2∗𝑠)/(𝑚3∗𝐽𝑘𝑔°𝐶 ∗𝑘𝑔𝑚3))(°𝐶−°𝐶)+°𝐶[=]°𝐶

-. Cálculo de área, volumen y longitud característica para cada figura:

Esfera
V=(4/3) πr3[=]m3 A=4 πr2 [=]m2

𝐿=𝐷/2 [=]𝑚

Placa
V=𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑜∗𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜𝑟∗𝑎𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑜[=]𝑚∗𝑚∗𝑚[=]m3

A=2∗largo∗ancho [=]𝑚∗𝑚[=]m2

𝐿=𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜𝑟2 [=]𝑚

Cilindro
V=πLr2[=]𝑚∗𝑚2[=]m3
A=πDL [=]𝑚∗𝑚[=]m2
𝐿=𝐷/2 [=]𝑚
Cálculos para cilindro pequeño de bronce
Calentamiento
a. Calcule ϴ conociendo ϴ conociendo las temperaturas experimentales (definiendo To a un tiempo
determinado)

𝜃=Δ𝑇/Δ𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥=82−84/10−84=0.0270[=]℃/℃[=] 𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙.

b. Calcule Fo conociendo α, t y L

𝐹𝑜 = 𝛼∗𝑡/𝐿2= (3.7E-5𝑚2/𝑠) (10𝑠)/ (0.02/2)2 𝑚2 = 3.7 [=] 𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙

c. Lea el valor de 1/Bi de la gráfica, usando los valores calculados de ϴ y Fo

1/Bi es igual a 5.5

d. Calcule h conociendo Bi, L y ks

 ℎ = 𝑘𝑠* 𝐵𝑖/𝐿 [=] (121𝑊/𝑚°𝐶)/5.5*(0.02/2)𝑚 = 2200 [=] 𝑊/𝑚2°𝐶

e. Obtenga las diferentes temperaturas teóricas T con la ecuación de Transferencia de Calor en Estado
Transitorio utilizando los tiempos utilizados en la experimentación.
V=πLr2[=](0.1)𝑚∗(0.2/2)𝑚2 = 3.1416E-05[=]m3

A=πDL = π*(0.2)𝑚∗(0.1)𝑚=0.00628319[=]m2

𝑇𝑡𝑒𝑜=𝑒−(ℎ∗𝐴∗𝑡/𝑉∗𝐶𝑝∗𝜌)(𝑇𝑖−𝑇∞)+𝑇∞[=]
𝑒 −(2200(𝑊/𝑚2°𝐶∗0.00628𝑚2∗4𝑠)/(3.1416𝑚3∗4.25E2(W/m°𝐶 )∗7700𝑘𝑔/𝑚3))(10°𝐶−82°𝐶)+82°𝐶

= 39.966°𝐶
Tabla de resultados y graficas

esfera de bronce
t (s) T (°C) Tteo (°C) Tcorr (°C)
0 13 13.00 13.00
2 14 17.79 19.31
4 21 22.25 25.04
6 32 26.39 30.24
8 37 30.24 34.95
10 43 33.82 39.23
12 49 37.14 43.11
14 53 40.23 46.62
16 57 43.11 49.82
18 61 45.78 52.71
20 64 48.26 55.34
22 66 50.57 57.72
24 68 52.71 59.88
26 70 54.70 61.84
28 71 56.56 63.62
30 73 58.28 65.24
32 74 59.88 66.70
34 75 61.37 68.03
36 76 62.75 69.23
38 76 64.04 70.32
40 77 65.24 71.32
42 77 66.35 72.21
44 78 67.38 73.03
46 78 68.34 73.77
48 78 69.23 74.44
50 78 70.06 75.05
52 78 70.83 75.60
54 79 71.55 76.10
56 79 72.21 76.56
58 79 72.83 76.97
60 79 73.41 77.35
62 79 73.94 77.68
64 79 74.44 77.99
66 79 74.90 78.27
68 79 75.33 78.52
70 79 75.73 78.75
72 79 76.10 78.96
74 79 76.45 79.15
76 79 76.77 79.32
78 79 77.07 79.48
80 79 77.35 79.62
82 79 77.60 79.75
84 79 77.84 79.86
86 79 78.06 79.97
88 79 78.27 80.07
90 79 78.46 80.15
92 79 78.64 80.23
94 79 78.81 80.30
96 79 78.96 80.37
98 79 79.11 80.43
100 79 79.24 80.48
102 79 79.36 80.53
104 79 79.48 80.57
106 79 79.59 80.61
108 79 79.69 80.65
110 79 79.78 80.68
112 79 79.86 80.71
114 79 79.94 80.74
116 80 80.02 80.76
118 80 80.09 80.78
120 80 80.15 80.80
 Grafica 1.1 Comparación de las temperaturas de calentamiento
cálculadas contra los experimentales en esfera de bronce
90

80

70

60

50
T (°C)

Texp
40
Tteo
30 Tcorr
20

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
t (s)
t (s) T (°C) Tteo (°C) Tcorr (°C)
0 79 79 79
2 76 74.7007504 73.3360893
4 70 70.7045097 68.1980783
6 66 66.9899221 63.5371367
8 61 63.5371367 59.3089683
10 58 60.327702 55.4733894
12 56 57.3444666 51.9939479
14 54 54.5714882 48.837576
16 51 51.9939479 45.9742764
18 49 49.5980714 43.376837
20 47 47.371055 41.0205724
22 45 45.3009977 38.8830893
24 44 43.376837 36.9440737
26 42 41.5882901 35.1850976
28 40 39.9257992 33.5894442
30 39 38.3804798 32.1419487
32 38 36.9440737 30.8288547
34 36 35.6089048 29.6376828
36 35 34.3678379 28.5571124
38 34 33.2142409 27.576874
40 34 32.1419487 26.6876517
42 33 31.1452312 25.8809946
44 32 30.2187619 25.1492364
46 31 29.3575896 24.4854227
48 31 28.5571124 23.8832447
50 30 27.8130523 23.3369796
52 29 27.1214333 22.8414357
54 28 26.4785592 22.3919036
56 28 25.8809946 21.984111
58 28 25.325546 21.6141823
60 28 24.8092452 21.2786019
62 27 24.329333 20.9741804
64 26 23.8832447 20.6980248
66 26 23.4685966 20.4475105
68 25 23.0831726 20.2202567
70 25 22.7249131 20.0141037
72 25 22.3919036 19.8270922
74 25 22.0823644 19.6574448
76 24 21.7946414 19.5035494
78 24 21.527197 19.3639434
80 24 21.2786019 19.2372999
82 24 21.0475276 19.1224153
84 23 20.8327394 19.018198
86 23 20.6330894 18.9236573
88 23 20.4475105 18.8378948
90 23 20.2750112 18.7600954
92 22 20.1146695 18.6895198
94 22 19.9656287 18.6254972
96 22 19.8270922 18.5674192
98 22 19.6983196 18.5147337
100 22 19.5786229 18.4669402
102 21 19.4673623 18.4235843
104 21 19.3639434 18.3842541
106 21 19.2678133 18.3485757
108 21 19.1784585 18.3162101
110 21 19.0954013 18.2868497
112 21 19.018198 18.2602154
114 20 18.9464359 18.2360542
116 20 18.8797315 18.2141363
118 20 18.8177285 18.1942535
120 20 18.7600954 18.1762169
 Grafica 1.2 Comparación de las temperaturas de
enfriamiento cálculadas contra los
experimentales en esfera de bronce
90
80
70
60
50
T (ºC)

Tteo
40
Texp
30
Tcorr
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
t (s)
Cilindro grande de bronce
T (°C) t (s) Tteo DATOS Tcorr(100) Tcorr(60)
12 0 12 α 3.70E-05 m2/s 12 12
23 2 15.9471275 ks 121 W/m°C 16.9503834 21.1219381
30 4 19.6837169 ρs 7700 kg/m3 21.5696007 29.11942
39 6 23.2209984 D 0.03 m 25.8798058 36.1310569
45 8 26.5696027 h 0.1 m 29.9016708 42.2783733
51 10 29.739594 33.6544849 47.6679134
57 12 32.7404994 CALCULOS 37.1562466 52.393088
62 14 35.5813377 A 0.00942478 m2 40.4237508 56.535793
66 16 38.270647 Cp 424.71 43.4726684 60.1678291
69 18 40.8165098 V 7.0686E-05 m3 46.3176225 63.3521462
72 20 43.2265773 48.9722574 66.1439343
74 22 45.5080929 Fo 1.97E+01 51.449305 68.5915803
75 24 47.6679134 θ 0.04054054 To-Tm/Ti-Tm 53.7606454 70.7375063
77 26 49.7125301 m 12 En el grafico 55.9173638 72.6189053
78 28 51.6480878 h 672.222222 57.9298041 74.2683852
79 30 53.4804037 59.8076181 75.7145347
80 32 55.2149847 Medio To 86 61.5598118 76.9824182
80 34 56.8570439 Tf 85 63.1947888 78.0940104
81 36 58.4115164 Objeto To 12 64.7203907 79.0685773
81 38 59.883074 Tf 83 66.1439343 79.9230098
82 40 61.2761393 67.472247 80.672117
82 42 62.5948992 68.7116994 81.3288821
82 44 63.843317 69.8682361 81.9046881
83 46 65.0251447 70.9474039 82.4095149
83 48 66.1439343 71.9543785 82.852112
83 50 67.2030481 72.8939895 83.2401503
83 52 68.2056693 73.7707433 83.5803555
83 54 69.1548111 74.5888447 83.8786237
83 56 70.053326 75.3522176 84.1401245
83 58 70.9039146 76.0645231 84.3693903
83 60 71.7091332 76.7291774 84.5703947
83 62 72.4714017 77.3493683 84.7466213
83 64 73.1930112 77.9280703 84.9011246
83 66 73.8761304 78.4680587 85.0365823
83 68 74.5228123 78.9719236 85.1553423
83 70 75.1350004 79.4420813 85.2594628
83 72 75.7145347 79.8807869 85.3507484
83 74 76.2631569 80.2901443 85.4307812
83 76 76.7825159 80.672117 85.5009485
84 78 77.2741724 81.0285367 85.5624663
84 80 77.7396042 81.3611131 85.6164008
84 82 78.1802101 81.671441 85.6636869
84 84 78.5973143 81.961009 85.705144
84 86 78.9921703 82.2312056 85.7414907
84 88 79.3659648 82.483327 85.773357
84 90 79.7198214 82.7185821 85.8012952
84 92 80.0548033 82.9380993 85.8257894
84 94 80.3719175 83.1429315 85.8472643
84 96 80.672117 83.3340611 85.8660919
84 98 80.9563039 83.5124046 85.8825987
84 100 81.2253324 83.6788174 85.8970707
84 102 81.4800111 83.8340977 85.9097587
84 104 81.7211053 83.9789903 85.9208827
84 106 81.9493397 84.1141899 85.9306355
84 108 82.1654001 84.2403451 85.939186
84 110 82.369936 84.3580608 85.9466825
84 112 82.563562 84.4679018 85.9532549
84 114 82.7468601 84.5703947 85.9590171
84 116 82.9203812 84.6660311 85.9640691
84 118 83.0846467 84.7552697 85.9684983
84 120 83.2401503 84.8385385 85.9723815
 Grafica 1.3 Comparación de las temperaturas de
calentamiento cálculadas contra los experimentales en
T (°c)
cilindro grande de bronce

100
90
80
70
60 Experimental
50
40 Teorica
30 Corregida 100
20
10 Corregida 60
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
t (s)
T (°C) t (s) Tteo DATOS Tcorr(100) Tcorr(60)
83 0 81 α 3.70E-05 m2/s 81 81
79 2 73.3349625 ks 121 W/m°C 71.7525682 64.6987514
73 4 66.5339368 ρs 7700 kg/m3 63.7627098 52.3053074
69 6 60.4995305 D 0.03 m 56.8594054 42.8828723
65 8 55.1453293 h 0.1 m 50.8948928 35.7192233
62 10 50.3946598 45.741504 30.2728747
58 12 46.1794911 CALCULOS 41.288933 26.1321479
54 14 42.4394611 A 0.00942478 m2 37.4418745 22.9840537
51 16 39.1210115 Cp 424.71 34.1179838 20.590634
49 18 36.1766213 V 7.0686E-05 m3 31.2461144 18.770975
46 20 33.5641262 28.7647953 17.3875324
44 22 31.2461144 Fo 19.73 26.6209149 16.3357345
43 24 29.1893916 θ 0.01470588 To-Tm/Ti-Tm 24.7685843 15.5360781
41 26 27.364505 m 5.5 En el grafico 23.1681551 14.9281187
39 28 25.7453216 h 1466.66667 21.785371 14.4659019
38 30 24.3086544 20.590634 14.1144897
37 32 23.03393 Medio To 13 19.5583712 13.8473195
35 34 21.902894 Tf 14 18.6664875 13.6441964
34 36 20.8993496 Objeto To 81 17.8958925 13.4897669
33 38 20.008926 Tf 14 17.2300921 13.3723579
32 40 19.2188718 16.6548349 13.2830947
31 42 18.5178735 16.1578079 13.21523
30 44 17.8958925 15.7283724 13.1636342
29 46 17.3440219 15.3573365 13.1244071
28 48 16.8543588 15.0367585 13.0945837
27 50 16.4198911 14.7597763 13.0719097
26 52 16.0343971 14.5204615 13.0546712
25 54 15.6923564 14.3136914 13.0415652
25 56 15.3888709 14.1350403 13.031601
25 58 15.1195947 13.9806843 13.0240255
24 60 14.8806715 13.8473195 13.018266
24 62 14.6686801 13.7320911 13.0138872
24 64 14.4805846 13.6325328 13.0105581
23 66 14.3136914 13.5465136 13.0080271
23 68 14.1656106 13.4721924 13.0061028
23 70 14.0342217 13.4079781 13.0046398
22 72 13.917643 13.3524965 13.0035275
22 74 13.8142052 13.3045599 13.0026819
22 76 13.7224271 13.2631423 13.002039
21 78 13.6409943 13.2273572 13.0015502
21 80 13.5687407 13.1964385 13.0011786
21 82 13.5046316 13.1697245 13.000896
21 84 13.4477489 13.1466434 13.0006812
20 86 13.3972782 13.1267011 13.0005179
20 88 13.3524965 13.1094708 13.0003938
20 90 13.3127627 13.0945837 13.0002994
20 92 13.2775077 13.0817211 13.0002276
19 94 13.2462268 13.0706077 13.000173
19 96 13.2184718 13.0610057 13.0001316
19 98 13.1938454 13.0527094 13.0001
19 100 13.1719949 13.0455414 13.000076
19 102 13.1526075 13.0393481 13.0000578
18 104 13.1354054 13.0339971 13.000044
18 106 13.1201423 13.0293738 13.0000334
18 108 13.1065997 13.0253792 13.0000254
18 110 13.0945837 13.0219278 13.0000193
18 112 13.0839221 13.0189458 13.0000147
18 114 13.0744623 13.0163694 13.0000112
18 116 13.0660688 13.0141433 13.0000085
18 118 13.0586215 13.0122199 13.0000065
17 120 13.0520136 13.0105581 13.0000049
 Grafica 1.4 Comparación de las temperaturas de
enfriamiento cálculadas contra los experimentales en
cilindro grande de bronce
90
T (ºc)

80
70
60
50
Experimental
40
30 Teorica
20 Correccion 60
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
t (s)
Cilindro de bronce chico
T (°C) t (s) Tteo(°C) Tteo1(°C) Tteo2(°C) Tteo3(°C)
10 0 10 10 10 1.00E+01
26 2 11.8030049 11.9647198 14.81442647 26.986687
39 4 13.5620796 13.8772757 19.31562723 39.9657694
50 6 15.2782947 15.7390527 23.52398069 49.8827461
58 8 16.9526942 17.5513991 27.45853945 57.460048
64 10 18.5862972 19.3156272 31.13711653 63.2496659
68 12 20.1800975 21.0330146 34.57636606 67.6733611
72 14 21.735065 22.7048049 37.79185865 71.0533907
74 16 23.2521458 24.3322087 40.79815187 73.6359827
77 18 24.732263 25.9164045 43.60885621 75.6092736
78 20 26.1763173 27.4585394 46.23669664 77.1170135
79 22 27.5851873 28.9597303 48.69357025 78.269038
80 24 28.9597303 30.4210642 50.99060011 79.1492697
80 26 30.3007827 31.8435992 53.13818563 79.8218317
81 28 31.6091604 33.2283656 55.14604963 80.3357187
81 30 32.8856595 34.5763661 57.02328237 80.7283663
81 32 34.1310569 35.8885767 58.77838268 81.028378
81 34 35.3461102 37.1659479 60.41929649 81.2576091
82 36 36.5315589 38.4094045 61.95345275 81.4327586
82 38 37.6881241 39.619847 63.38779708 81.5665857
82 40 38.8165098 40.7981519 64.72882324 81.6688395
82 42 39.9174024 41.9451725 65.98260247 81.7469689
82 44 40.9914718 43.0617394 67.15481106 81.8066656
82 46 42.0393716 44.1486611 68.25075597 81.8522782
82 48 43.0617394 45.2067248 69.27539891 81.8871297
82 50 44.0591973 46.2366966 70.23337876 81.9137587
82 52 45.0323521 47.2393224 71.12903262 81.9341053
82 54 45.9817962 48.2153282 71.96641541 81.9496516
82 56 46.9081071 49.1654208 72.74931822 81.9615301
82 58 47.8118485 50.0902882 73.48128552 81.9706062
82 60 48.6935703 50.9906001 74.16563116 81.9775409
82 62 49.553809 51.8670085 74.8054534 81.9828396
82 64 50.393088 52.720148 75.40364892 81.9868882
82 66 51.2119181 53.5506364 75.96292595 81.9899816
82 68 52.0107974 54.3590752 76.48581652 81.9923452
82 70 52.7902121 55.1460496 76.97468792 81.9941512
82 72 53.5506364 55.9121297 77.43175344 81.9955311
82 74 54.2925331 56.6578702 77.85908236 81.9965854
82 76 55.0163534 57.383811 78.25860934 81.997391
82 78 55.722538 58.090478 78.63214316 81.9980065
82 80 56.4115164 58.7783827 78.98137495 81.9984768
82 82 57.0837078 59.4480234 79.30788578 81.9988362
82 84 57.7395214 60.0998849 79.61315387 81.9991108
82 86 58.3793562 60.7344393 79.89856128 81.9993206
82 88 59.0036014 61.3521462 80.16540013 81.9994809
82 90 59.6126369 61.9534528 80.4148785 81.9996033
82 92 60.2068333 62.5387945 80.64812584 81.9996969
82 94 60.7865521 63.1085952 80.86619816 81.9997684
82 96 61.3521462 63.6632676 81.07008274 81.9998231
82 98 61.9039596 64.2032133 81.26070262 81.9998648
82 100 62.4423281 64.7288232 81.43892081 81.9998967
82 102 62.9675792 65.2404781 81.60554415 81.9999211
82 104 63.4800327 65.7385484 81.76132701 81.9999397
82 106 63.9800003 66.2233949 81.90697467 81.9999539
82 108 64.4677862 66.6953685 82.04314651 81.9999648
82 110 64.9436872 67.1548111 82.17045904 81.9999731
82 112 65.4079929 67.6020553 82.28948864 81.9999794
82 114 65.8609859 68.0374251 82.4007742 81.9999843
82 116 66.3029417 68.4612358 82.50481954 81.999988
82 118 66.7341293 68.8737941 82.6020957 81.9999908
82 120 67.1548111 69.2753989 82.6930431 81.999993
 Grafica 1.5 Comparación de las temperaturas de
calentamiento cálculadas contra los experimentales en
90
cilindro chico de bronce
80

70

60

50 Texp
T (~c)

Tteo
40
Tteo1
30 Tteo2
Tteo3
20

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
t (s)
T (°C) t (s) Tteo(°C) Tteo1(°C) Tteo2(°C) Tteo3(°C)
81 0 81 81 81 81
74 2 79.3675497 79.2211321 76.6409923 74.0159269
68 4 77.7748739 77.4894936 72.5655808 67.7598728
61 6 76.2210035 75.8038306 68.7553148 62.1559492
56 8 74.7049931 74.1629224 65.192944 57.136178
51 10 73.2259201 72.5655808 61.8623404 52.6396672
48 12 71.7828847 71.0106489 58.7484253 48.6118722
45 14 70.3750087 69.497001 55.837101 45.0039342
42 16 69.0014356 68.0235408 53.1151868 41.7720873
38 18 67.6613294 66.5892014 50.5703599 38.8771278
36 20 66.3538748 65.192944 48.191099 36.2839385
34 22 65.0782763 63.8337577 45.9666323 33.961063
33 24 63.8337577 62.5106581 43.8868891 31.8803239
31 26 62.6195616 61.2226872 41.9424535 30.0164808
30 28 61.4349494 59.9689122 40.1245226 28.3469244
29 30 60.2792002 58.7484253 38.424866 26.8514025
29 32 59.1516107 57.5603427 36.8357887 25.5117736
27 34 58.0514948 56.4038039 35.3500964 24.3117875
27 36 56.9781832 55.2779716 33.961063 23.2368878
26 38 55.9310227 54.1820305 32.6623999 22.2740356
24 40 54.9093763 53.1151868 31.4482276 21.411551
23 42 53.9126222 52.0766682 30.3130491 20.6389717
22 44 52.9401539 51.0657225 29.2517251 19.9469259
22 46 51.9913798 50.0816176 28.2594507 19.327019
20 48 51.0657225 49.123641 27.3317334 18.7717311
20 50 50.1626187 48.191099 26.4643733 18.2743263
20 52 49.281519 47.2833162 25.6534434 17.828771
20 54 48.4218873 46.3996352 24.8952725 17.4296603
19 56 47.5832004 45.5394163 24.1864281 17.0721528
19 58 46.764948 44.7020364 23.5237009 16.751912
19 60 45.9666323 43.8868891 22.9040907 16.4650529
19 62 45.1877676 43.0933842 22.3247922 16.2080961
18 64 44.4278798 42.3209471 21.7831827 15.9779244
18 66 43.6865066 41.5690184 21.2768103 15.7717457
18 68 42.9631969 40.8370536 20.8033823 15.5870591
17 70 42.2575107 40.1245226 20.3607555 15.4216243
17 72 41.5690184 39.4309096 19.9469259 15.2734343
17 74 40.8973012 38.7557121 19.56002 15.1406916
17 76 40.2419503 38.0984414 19.1982861 15.021786
16 78 39.602567 37.4586213 18.8600866 14.9152752
16 80 38.9787622 36.8357887 18.5438903 14.819867
16 82 38.3701564 36.2294924 18.2482656 14.7344041
16 84 37.7763793 35.6392934 17.9718742 14.6578499
16 86 37.1970694 35.0647644 17.7134648 14.5892757
15 88 36.6318744 34.5054893 17.4718675 14.5278497
15 90 36.0804504 33.961063 17.2459884 14.4728267
15 92 35.5424618 33.4310915 17.034805 14.4235393
15 94 35.0175812 32.9151908 16.8373611 14.3793896
15 96 34.5054893 32.4129875 16.6527629 14.3398421
15 98 34.0058744 31.9241177 16.4801747 14.304417
15 100 33.5184327 31.4482276 16.3188149 14.2726846
15 102 33.0428675 30.9849725 16.1679533 14.2442599
15 104 32.5788893 30.534017 16.0269066 14.2187983
14 106 32.126216 30.0950344 15.8950365 14.1959908
14 108 31.684572 29.6677069 15.7717457 14.1755607
14 110 31.2536886 29.2517251 15.6564763 14.1572603
14 112 30.8333037 28.8467877 15.5487062 14.1408675
14 114 30.4231614 28.4526016 15.4479477 14.1261835
14 116 30.0230122 28.0688811 15.3537445 14.1130301
14 118 29.6326126 27.6953486 15.2656701 14.1012479
14 120 29.2517251 27.3317334 15.1833258 14.0906938
 Grafica 1.6 Comparación de las temperaturas de
90
enfriamiento cálculadas contra los experimentales en
Texp
80 cilindro chico de bronce Tteo
70 Tteo1
Temperatura (ºC)

60 Tteo2

50 Tteo3

40

30

20

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Tiempo (s)
Placa de bronce
t (s) T(ºC) exp T (ºC) teo T (ºC) corr
0 14 15 14
2 23 18.2564081 18.20163151
4 29 21.3521466 22.13578261
6 38 24.2951429 25.81948138
8 43 27.0929332 29.2686719
10 48 29.7526818 32.49828322
12 53 32.2811997 35.52229398
14 57 34.6849618 38.35379294
16 60 36.9701234 41.0050356
18 63 39.1425362 43.48749729
20 65 41.2077633 45.81192277
22 67 43.171093 47.98837281
24 69 45.037553 50.02626768
26 70 46.8119228 51.93442796
28 71 48.498746 53.72111268
30 72 50.1023422 55.39405512
32 73 51.6268177 56.96049624
34 74 53.0760763 58.42721601
36 75 54.4538292 59.80056281
38 75 55.7636044 61.08648087
40 76 57.008756 62.29053599
42 76 58.1924724 63.41793966
44 76 59.3177848 64.47357159
46 77 60.3875748 65.46200084
48 77 61.4045819 66.38750562
50 77 62.3714104 67.25409176
52 77 63.290536 68.06551009
54 77 64.1643124 68.82527265
56 77 64.9949771 69.5366679
58 78 65.7846572 70.20277496
60 78 66.5353748 70.82647692
62 78 67.2490525 71.41047334
64 78 67.9275176 71.95729191
66 78 68.5725075 72.46929942
68 78 69.185674 72.94871198
70 78 69.7685872 73.39760462
72 78 70.3227396 73.81792026
74 78 70.8495505 74.21147816
76 78 71.3503688 74.57998173
78 78 71.8264769 74.92502596
80 78 72.2790941 75.24810431
82 78 72.7093794 75.55061514
84 78 73.1184346 75.8338678
86 78 73.5073072 76.09908829
88 78 73.8769931 76.34742456
90 78 74.2284388 76.57995147
92 78 74.5625444 76.79767546
94 78 74.8801653 77.00153891
96 78 75.182115 77.19242419
98 78 75.4691666 77.37115751
100 78 75.7420553 77.53851247
102 78 76.0014797 77.69521344
104 78 76.2481043 77.84193865
106 78 76.4825605 77.97932317
108 78 76.7054488 78.10796165
110 78 76.9173399 78.22841086
112 78 77.1187764 78.34119214
114 78 77.3102741 78.44679365
116 78 77.4923234 78.54567245
118 78 77.6653904 78.63825651
120 78 77.8299185 78.72494658
 Grafica 1.7 Comparación de las temperaturas de
calentamiento cálculadas contra los experimentales
en placa de bronce
90

80

70

60

50 Experimental
Corregida
40
Teórica
30

20

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
t (s) T(ºC) exp T (ºC) teo T (ºC) corr
0 78 78 78
2 74 71.9776273 70.4995022
4 70 66.5805816 63.9689607
6 67 61.7439329 58.2829418
8 63 57.4094929 53.3322328
10 59 53.5251151 49.0217442
12 57 50.0440679 45.2686834
14 53 46.9244717 42.0009643
16 50 44.1287958 39.1558232
18 48 41.6234061 36.6786127
20 45 39.3781611 34.5217524
22 44 37.3660489 32.6438149
24 41 35.5628623 31.0087303
26 40 33.9469079 29.5850931
28 38 32.4987445 28.3455592
30 37 31.2009497 27.2663204
32 36 30.0379101 26.3266476
34 35 28.9956336 25.5084923
36 34 28.0615809 24.79614
38 33 27.2245146 24.1759083
40 32 26.4743643 23.6358843
42 31 25.802105 23.1656957
44 30 25.1996492 22.7563113
46 29 24.6597487 22.3998681
48 28 24.1759083 22.0895197
50 27 23.742307 21.8193053
52 26 23.3537283 21.5840347
54 25 23.0054972 21.379189
56 25 22.6934244 21.2008338
58 25 22.4137553 21.0455432
60 25 22.1631254 20.9103347
62 24 21.9385194 20.7926112
64 24 21.7372352 20.6901116
66 24 21.5568511 20.6008671
68 24 21.395197 20.5231636
70 24 21.2503281 20.4555086
72 23 21.1205015 20.3966027
74 23 21.0041553 20.3453145
76 23 20.8998898 20.3006588
78 23 20.8064507 20.2617779
80 23 20.7227137 20.2279251
82 22 20.6476714 20.1984501
84 22 20.5804211 20.1727867
86 22 20.5201536 20.1504421
88 22 20.466144 20.1309871
90 22 20.4177424 20.114048
92 22 20.3743665 20.0992994
94 22 20.3354945 20.0864581
96 22 20.3006588 20.0752775
98 22 20.2694402 20.0655427
100 22 20.2414631 20.0570668
102 21 20.216391 20.0496869
104 21 20.1939223 20.0432615
106 21 20.1737866 20.037667
108 21 20.1557416 20.0327959
110 21 20.1395703 20.0285548
112 21 20.1250782 20.0248621
114 21 20.1120908 20.021647
116 21 20.100452 20.0188476
118 21 20.0900216 20.0164102
120 21 20.0806743 20.0142881
 Grafica 1.8 Comparación de las temperaturas de
enfritamiento cálculadas contra los experimentales en
placa de bronce
90

80

70

60

50 Experimental
teórica
40
Corregida
30

20

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Placa de acero
t (s) T(ºC) T teorica T corr
0 14 14 14
2 14 19.5619808 15.53665702
4 17 24.6690259 17.03858882
6 23 29.3583461 18.50658012
8 27 33.6641089 19.9413979
10 33 37.6176868 21.34379182
12 38 41.2478864 2.27E+01
14 42 44.5811581 24.05422235
16 45 47.6417887 25.36367508
18 49 50.4520786 26.64353694
20 51 53.0325041 27.89447661
22 55 55.4018667 29.11714767
24 57 57.57743 30.31218894
26 59 59.5750457 31.48022479
28 61 61.4092687 32.62186548
30 63 63.0934636 33.73770749
32 65 64.6399017 34.82833382
34 67 66.0598507 35.89431429
36 68 67.3636567 36.93620584
38 69 68.5608193 37.95455284
40 71 69.6600615 38.94988733
42 72 70.6693924 39.92272936
44 73 71.5961662 40.8735872
46 74 72.4471357 41.80295765
48 74 73.2285011 42.71132629
50 75 73.9459556 43.5991677
52 76 74.6047268 44.46694577
54 76 75.2096146 45.31511387
56 77 75.7650262 46.14411517
58 77 76.2750087 46.95438277
60 78 76.7432776 47.74634003
62 78 77.1732451 48.52040072
64 78 77.5680439 49.27696927
66 79 77.9305506 50.01644096
68 79 78.2634065 50.73920214
70 79 78.5690368 51.44563044
72 79 78.8496684 52.13609495
74 80 79.1073461 52.81095641
76 80 79.3439474 53.47056742
78 80 79.5611961 54.11527261
80 80 79.7606752 54.74540881
82 80 79.9438382 55.36130527
84 80 80.1120196 55.96328375
86 80 80.2664447 56.55165879
88 80 80.4082389 57.1267378
90 80 80.5384351 57.68882122
92 80 80.6579821 58.23820274
94 80 80.7677509 58.7751694
96 81 80.8685413 59.30000174
98 81 80.9610876 59.81297397
100 81 81.0460643 60.3143541
102 81 81.1240903 60.8044041
104 81 81.1957343 61.28338
106 81 81.2615183 61.75153205
108 81 81.3219216 62.20910485
110 81 81.3773842 62.65633747
112 81 81.4283103 63.09346357
114 81 81.475071 63.52071154
116 81 81.518007 63.9383046
118 81 81.557431 64.34646094
120 81 81.5936304 64.7453938
 Grafica 1.9 Comparación de las temperaturas de
calentamiento cálculadas contra los experimentales en
placa de acero
90
80
T (~C)

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
t(s)
t (s) T(ºC) T teorica T corr T corr
0 81 80 80 80
2 80 78.1689951 79.61084662 76.8627522
4 78 76.3929506 79.22417587 73.8868539
6 74 74.6702166 78.83997191 71.0640069
8 71 72.999193 78.458219 68.3863398
10 68 71.3783277 78.07890151 65.8463859
12 65 69.806115 7.77E+01 63.4370626
14 63 68.2810946 77.32751073 61.1516515
16 61 66.8018499 76.95540666 58.9837797
18 59 65.367007 76.58567646 56.9274022
20 57 63.975233 76.21830497 54.9767848
22 55 62.6252351 75.85327715 53.1264882
24 53 61.3157594 75.49057806 51.371353
26 51 60.0455895 75.13019282 49.7064848
28 50 58.8135457 74.77210668 48.1272413
30 48 57.6184834 74.41630498 46.6292188
32 46 56.4592927 74.06277314 45.20824
34 45 55.3348969 73.71149667 43.8603425
36 43 54.2442514 73.3624612 42.5817678
38 42 53.1863433 73.01565242 41.3689506
40 41 52.1601898 72.67105613 40.2185089
42 39 51.1648379 72.32865821 39.1272348
44 38 50.1993629 71.98844464 38.0920852
46 37 49.262868 71.65040149 37.1101737
48 36 48.3544835 71.3145149 36.1787622
50 35 47.4733654 70.98077113 35.2952534
52 34 46.6186954 70.64915649 34.4571838
54 33 45.7896795 70.31965741 33.6622163
56 32 44.9855478 69.99226039 32.9081342
58 31 44.2055533 69.66695202 32.1928348
60 31 43.4489715 69.34371898 31.5143234
62 30 42.7150996 69.02254802 30.8707081
64 29 42.0032559 68.70342599 30.2601941
66 28 41.3127793 68.38633982 29.6810791
68 28 40.6430284 68.07127653 29.131748
70 28 39.993381 67.7582232 28.6106693
72 27 39.3632337 67.44716701 28.1163897
74 27 38.7520013 67.13809523 27.6475312
76 27 38.1591159 66.83099518 27.2027861
78 26 37.5840268 66.52585431 26.7809144
80 26 37.0261998 66.2226601 26.3807397
82 26 36.4851169 65.92140013 26.0011461
84 25 35.9602753 65.62206207 25.6410751
86 25 35.4511877 65.32463366 25.2995227
88 25 34.957381 65.02910272 24.9755364
90 24 34.4783967 64.73545713 24.6682128
92 24 34.0137899 64.44368487 24.376695
94 24 33.5631288 64.15377399 24.10017
96 24 33.1259951 63.86571262 23.8378667
98 23 32.7019825 63.57948895 23.5890538
100 23 32.2906973 63.29509126 23.3530374
102 23 31.8917575 63.01250791 23.1291595
104 23 31.5047924 62.73172731 22.9167956
106 23 31.1294426 62.45273798 22.7153536
108 22 30.7653595 62.17552847 22.5242719
110 22 30.4122049 61.90008744 22.3430176
112 22 30.0696508 61.6264036 22.1710852
114 22 29.7373789 61.35446575 22.0079954
116 22 29.4150806 61.08426274 21.8532933
118 22 29.1024566 60.81578351 21.7065476
120 21 28.7992165 60.54901706 21.567349
 Grafica 1.10 Comparación de las temperaturas de
enfriamiento cálculadas contra los experimentales en
placa de acero

90

80
T (~C)

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
t(s)
Cilindro de acero
T (°C) t (s) Tteo (ºC) Tteo 2
11 0 11 11
16 2 16.3542849 21.9636451
23 4 21.3362533 31.3662316
32 6 25.9717947 39.4300308
41 8 30.2849984 46.345666
48 10 34.2982784 52.2766184
54 12 38.0324902 57.3630921
60 14 41.5070393 61.7253283
65 16 44.7399816 65.4664475
69 18 47.7481175 68.6748874
72 20 50.5470791 71.4264936
75 22 53.1514117 73.7863123
77 24 55.5746489 75.8101283
78 26 57.8293836 77.5457832
80 28 59.9273326 79.0343068
81 30 61.8793983 80.3108871
82 32 63.6957248 81.4057014
83 34 65.3857509 82.3446306
84 36 66.9582591 83.1498704
84 38 68.4214212 83.8404561
84 40 69.7828405 84.4327128
84 42 71.0495919 84.940641
85 44 72.2282583 85.3762478
86 46 73.3249648 85.7498308
86 48 74.3454105 86.0702211
86 50 75.2948983 86.3449927
86 52 76.1783624 86.5806409
86 54 77.0003938 86.7827364
87 56 77.7652642 86.9560564
87 58 78.4769485 87.1046983
87 60 79.139145 87.2321759
87 62 79.7552949 87.3415025
87 64 80.3286001 87.4352627
87 66 80.8620398 87.5156728
87 68 81.3583862 87.5846337
87 70 81.8202186 87.6437757
87 72 82.2499369 87.6944967
87 74 82.6497743 87.7379958
87 76 83.0218084 87.7753012
87 78 83.3679728 87.807295
87 80 83.6900662 87.8347333
87 82 83.9897625 87.8582648
87 84 84.268619 87.8784457
87 86 84.528085 87.8957532
87 88 84.7695086 87.9105964
87 90 84.9941446 87.9233262
87 92 85.2031603 87.9342434
87 94 85.3976418 87.9436061
87 96 85.5785998 87.9516358
87 98 85.7469747 87.9585221
87 100 85.9036414 87.9644279
87 102 86.0494142 87.9694929
87 104 86.1850504 87.9738366
87 106 86.3112551 87.9775619
87 108 86.4286839 87.9807567
87 110 86.5379472 87.9834967
87 112 86.6396128 87.9858465
87 114 86.7342089 87.9878618
87 116 86.8222271 87.9895901
87 118 86.904125 87.9910723
87 120 86.9803279 87.9923435
 Grafica 1.10 Comparación de las temperaturas de
calentamiento cálculadas contra los experimentales en
100
cilindro de acero
90

80
T (~c)

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
t (s)
T (°C) t (s) Tteo (ºC) Tteo 2
86 0 86 86
85 2 79.9422781 81.320589
82 4 74.3942228 76.9453015
76 6 69.3129533 72.8543719
70 8 64.6591965 69.0293192
66 10 60.3969837 65.4528636
61 12 56.4933723 62.1088484
58 14 52.9181913 58.9821669
55 16 49.6438082 56.058694
52 18 46.6449155 53.325223
49 20 43.8983347 50.7694052
47 22 41.3828375 48.3796947
45 24 39.0789818 46.1452958
44 26 36.968961 44.0561145
42 28 35.0364668 42.102713
40 30 33.2665631 40.2762665
38 32 31.6455704 38.5685242
37 34 30.1609598 36.9717711
36 36 28.801257 35.4787939
34 38 27.5559529 34.082848
33 40 26.4154224 32.7776272
32 42 25.3708506 31.5572351
31 44 24.4141637 30.4161584
30 46 23.5379678 29.3492424
29 48 22.7354906 28.3516672
28 50 22.0005299 27.4189263
27 52 21.3274051 26.5468058
27 54 20.7109137 25.7313661
26 56 20.1462908 24.9689233
25 58 19.6291725 24.256033
25 60 19.1555619 23.5894748
24 62 18.7217985 22.9662374
23 64 18.3245299 22.3835053
23 66 17.9606855 21.838646
22 68 17.6274531 21.3291982
22 70 17.3222572 20.8528602
21 72 17.042739 20.4074804
21 74 16.7867381 19.9910466
21 76 16.5522758 19.6016776
20 78 16.33754 19.2376144
20 80 16.140871 18.8972123
19 82 15.9607488 18.5789335
19 84 15.7957811 18.2813403
19 86 15.644693 18.0030882
18 88 15.5063168 17.7429202
18 90 15.3795828 17.499661
18 92 15.2635115 17.2722117
17 94 15.157206 17.0595447
17 96 15.0598444 16.8606993
17 98 14.9706744 16.6747773
17 100 14.8890066 16.5009386
17 102 14.8142101 16.3383981
17 104 14.7457065 16.1864213
16 106 14.6829664 16.0443218
16 108 14.625505 15.9114577
16 110 14.5728782 15.7872285
16 112 14.524679 15.6710733
16 114 14.4805351 15.5624672
15 116 14.4401053 15.4609196
15 118 14.403077 15.3659718
15 120 14.3691641 15.2771948
 Grafica 1.11 Comparación de las temperaturas de
calentamiento cálculadas contra los experimentales en
cilindro de acero
100
90
T (~c)

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
t (s)
Esfera de acero
t (s) T (°C) T teorica T corr T corr
0 12 12.00 12.00 12.00
2 12 16.87 18.42 15.54
4 12 21.41 24.26 18.91
6 14 25.64 29.58 22.11
8 16 29.58 34.41 25.15
10 17 33.24 38.81 28.04
12 20 36.66 42.80 30.78
14 23 39.84 46.44 33.39
16 27 42.80 49.75 35.86
18 30 45.56 52.75 38.21
20 33 48.13 55.49 40.45
22 37 50.53 57.98 42.57
24 40 52.75 60.24 44.59
26 43 54.83 62.30 46.51
28 46 56.76 64.17 48.33
30 48 58.57 65.88 50.06
32 51 60.24 67.43 51.70
34 53 61.80 68.83 53.27
36 55 63.26 70.12 54.75
38 58 64.61 71.28 56.16
40 59 65.88 72.34 57.50
42 61 67.05 73.31 58.77
44 62 68.15 74.18 59.98
46 63 69.17 74.98 61.13
48 65 70.12 75.71 62.22
50 66 71.00 76.37 63.26
52 67 71.82 76.97 64.24
54 68 72.59 77.51 65.18
56 69 73.31 78.01 66.07
58 70 73.97 78.46 66.92
60 71 74.59 78.87 67.72
62 71 75.17 79.24 68.48
64 72 75.71 79.58 69.21
66 73 76.21 79.89 69.89
68 73 76.67 80.17 70.55
70 74 77.11 80.43 71.17
72 74 77.51 80.66 71.76
74 75 77.89 80.87 72.32
76 75 78.24 81.07 72.85
78 76 78.57 81.24 73.36
80 76 78.87 81.40 73.84
82 76 79.15 81.54 74.30
84 77 79.42 81.68 74.73
86 77 79.66 81.80 75.15
88 77 79.89 81.90 75.54
90 77 80.11 82.00 75.91
92 78 80.30 82.09 76.26
94 78 80.49 82.18 76.60
96 78 80.66 82.25 76.92
98 78 80.82 82.32 77.22
100 78 80.97 82.38 77.51
102 78 81.11 82.44 77.79
104 79 81.24 82.49 78.05
106 79 81.36 82.53 78.29
108 79 81.47 82.58 78.53
110 79 81.58 82.61 78.75
112 79 81.68 82.65 78.96
114 79 81.77 82.68 79.16
116 79 81.85 82.71 79.36
118 79 81.93 82.74 79.54
120 79 82.00 82.76 79.71
 Grafica 1.12 Comparación de las temperaturas de
calentamiento cálculadas contra los experimentales en
esfera de acero

90
T (~C)

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
t (s)
t (s) T (°C) T teorica T corr T corr
0 80 80.00 80.00 80.00
2 80 76.93 75.74 77.91
4 80 74.01 71.78 75.90
6 80 71.24 68.09 73.95
8 79 68.60 64.65 72.06
10 78 66.09 61.45 70.24
12 76 63.71 58.47 68.49
14 74 61.45 55.69 66.79
16 72 59.30 53.10 65.14
18 70 57.25 50.69 63.56
20 68 55.31 48.45 62.02
22 66 53.46 46.36 60.54
24 64 51.70 44.41 59.11
26 62 50.03 42.60 57.73
28 59 48.45 40.91 56.39
30 58 46.94 39.34 55.10
32 56 45.51 37.87 53.85
34 54 44.14 36.51 52.64
36 53 42.85 35.24 51.48
38 51 41.62 34.06 50.35
40 50 40.45 32.95 49.26
42 49 39.34 31.93 48.21
44 47 38.28 30.97 47.19
46 46 37.28 30.08 46.21
48 45 36.32 29.25 45.26
50 44 35.41 28.48 44.34
52 43 34.55 27.76 43.45
54 42 33.73 27.09 42.60
56 41 32.95 26.47 41.77
58 40 32.21 25.88 40.97
60 39 31.51 25.34 40.20
62 38 30.84 24.84 39.45
64 38 30.20 24.37 38.73
66 37 29.60 23.93 38.03
68 36 29.02 23.53 37.36
70 36 28.48 23.15 36.70
72 35 27.96 22.79 36.07
74 34 27.47 22.46 35.47
76 34 27.00 22.16 34.88
78 33 26.55 21.87 34.31
80 32 26.13 21.61 33.76
82 32 25.73 21.36 33.23
84 31 25.34 21.13 32.72
86 31 24.98 20.91 32.22
88 30 24.63 20.71 31.74
90 30 24.31 20.53 31.28
92 29 23.99 20.35 30.83
94 29 23.70 20.19 30.40
96 28 23.41 20.04 29.98
98 28 23.15 19.90 29.58
100 28 22.89 19.77 29.19
102 27 22.65 19.65 28.81
104 27 22.42 19.54 28.45
106 27 22.20 19.43 28.10
108 26 21.99 19.33 27.76
110 26 21.79 19.24 27.43
112 26 21.61 19.16 27.11
114 26 21.43 19.08 26.81
116 26 21.26 19.00 26.51
118 26 21.10 18.93 26.22
120 25 20.94 18.87 25.95
 Grafica 1.12 Comparación de las temperaturas de
calentamiento cálculadas contra los experimentales en
esfera de acero
90
80
T (~C)

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
t (s)

Graficas de comparación de acuerdo a forma, material y tamaño

Grafica 1.13 Comparación de calentamiento de bronce con distintas

90 formas
80

70

60
Temperatura (ºC)

50
Esfera de bronce
40
Cilindro grande de
30 bronce
Cilindro pequeño de
20 bronce

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Tiempo (s)
 Grafica 1.14 Comparación calentamiento de acero con distintas formas
100
90
80
70
Temperatura (ºC)

60
50
40
Cilindro de
30 acero
Placa de acero
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Tiempo (s)

Grafica 1.15 Calentamiento de esferas con

90 distinto material
80
70
Temperatura (ºC)

60
50
40
30
Esfera de acero
20
10 Esfera de bronce

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Tiempo (s)

Grafica 1.16 Enfriamiento de esferas con distinto

90 material
80
70 Esfera de acero
Temperatura (ºC)

60
Esfera de bronce
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Tiempo (s)
 Grafica 1.17 Calentamiento de cilindros con
100 distinto material
90
80
Temperatura (ºC)

70
60
50
40
30 Cilindro acero
20
Cilindro de bronce
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Tiempo(s)

Grafica 1.18 Enfriamiento de cilindros con

100 distinto material
90
80
Temperatura (ºC)

70 Cilindro de acero
60 Cilindro de bronce
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Tiempo (s)

Grafica 1.19 Calentamiento de placas con distinto

material
90
80
70
Temperatura (ºC)

60
50
40 Placa bronce
30
Placa de acero
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Tiempo (s)
 Grafica 1.20 Enfriamiento de placas con distinto
material
90
80
70
Temperatura (ºC)

60
50
40 Placa de bronce
30
Placa de acero
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Tiempo (s)

Grafica 1.21 Calentamiento de cilindros de cobre

con distinto tamaño
90
80
70
Temperatura (ºC)

60
50
40
30 Cilindro grande
20
Cilindro pequeño
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Tiempo (s)

Grafica 1.22 Enfriamiento de cilindros de cobre

90
con distinto tamaño
80
70 Cilindro grande
Temperatura (ºC)

60 Cilindro pequeño
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Tiempo (s)
Conclusiónes
Durante esta práctica se evaluó la transferencia de calor en estado no estacionario, para diferentes figuras
cilíndricas, esféricas y placas de acero y bronce. Se utilizó un sistema de temperatura uniforme, en el cual se
analizó como varia la temperatura con el tiempo. Se sumergieron las figuras en agua caliente hasta que toda la
figura llegara al equilibrio con la temperatura del agua. Así fue como se logró el calentamiento de las figuras de
manera uniforme.
Se registraron los cambios de temperatura experimental con respecto al tiempo, durante noventa segundos y
cuando se alcanzó el equilibrio se retiró la figura en cuestión del equipo de transferencia de calor para
posteriormente seguir con el enfriamiento. Para enfriar las figuras se utilizó un contenedor con agua fría y se
sumergieron de igual forma hasta que las temperaturas llegaran al equilibrio después de noventa segundos.
Todo esto fue monitoreado con un indicador de temperatura de cinco canales.
En cuanto a los cálculos realizados, se utilizó una ecuación que modela el comportamiento de las variables
tiempo y temperatura del sólido, tomando en cuenta el coeficiente convectivo de transferencia de calor, la
capacidad calorífica, el área y volumen, la densidad del sólido. la temperatura inicial del cuerpo y del medio en
cuestión. Todo esto con el fin de obtener la temperatura a la cual se encontrará la figura en un tiempo
determinado, de manera teórica.
Con estos cálculos, fue posible realizar curvas de calentamiento y enfriamiento para cada figura, con el fin de
analizar su comportamiento en ambos casos y comparar el efecto de la transferencia en la forma, tamaño y
material del cuerpo.
Con las gráficas obtenidas se puede observar que tanto las placas de ambos materiales como las esferas
mantienen un comportamiento parecido, alcanzando una temperatura máxima en el calentamiento de 80-85 °C
aproximadamente, y en el enfriamiento de 20-30 °C, mientras que los cilindros analizados en la experimentación
alcanzan temperaturas superiores a los 90 °C en la mayoría de los casos en el calentamiento, y en el
enfriamiento de 10-20 °C aproximadamente.
Se observa de igual manera que en la mayoría de los casos se tuvo un buen ajuste entre las curvas teóricas y
experimentales, teniendo casi un ajuste perfecto para el caso de la placa de acero o los diversos cilindros de
acero y bronce. Sin embargo, hubo casos como la placa de bronce, donde en el enfriamiento se hizo una
corrección en el valor del coeficiente convectivo de transferencia de calor, con el objetivo de tener un mejor
ajuste entre ambas curvas. Entre los posibles factores a considerar, debido a los cuales se tuvo que realizar la
corrección, sobresale principalmente la manipulación de la figura y el modo en que se hizo el experimento, ya
que pudo haber un mal acomodo de la figura en el sistema de intercambio de calor que ocasionó perdidas de
calor, de igual forma las lecturas experimentales de temperatura pudieron tener ciertos errores, ya que durante
cada segundo la variación de la temperatura fue constante.
Vale la pena comparar la placa de acero y de bronce, y como se dan las curvas de enfriamiento en ambos casos,
se puede apreciar que ambas figuras tienen una tendencia similar, aunque a pesar de tener la misma geometría,
el manejo del sistema para cada uno de los casos influyo directamente en la transferencia de calor a lo largo del
tiempo por la superficie de las placas.