Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Trastorno Obsesivo-
Compulsivo
Joaquín Pastor Sirera
Clínica de Psicología y Salud - Xàtiva (Valencia)
cpsalud@cop.es
Simposio de la SEPCyS
XLIII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Medicina
Psicosomática
Barcelona, 13 de junio de 2009
¿Qué es Mindfulness?
• Traducción inglesa del concepto de sati
(Pali) o smrti (Sánscrito): “recordar
atender al presente”
• Autoregulación de la atención
orientándola hacia el momento presente,
con curiosidad, apertura y aceptación
(Bishop et al. 2004)
• No juzgar
• Paciencia
• Mente de principiante
• No resistencia
• Confianza
• Aceptación
• Soltar (dejar ir)
¿Qué es aceptación?
• Disposición a experimentar eventos mentales
(pensamientos, emociones, recuerdos) sin
evitarlos o permitir que influencien la conducta
indebidamente (Butler y Ciarrochi, 2007)
• Reatribuir:
• “No soy yo, es el TOC” (falsos mensajes del cerebro)
• Reenfocarse:
• Dirigir la atención a actividades valiosas incompatibles
con el ritual
• Reevaluar:
• son sólo señales sin sentido, coexistir con ellas,
anticipación y aceptación de la inevitabilidad de las
intrusiones
Integración de Mindfulness en el
tratamiento conductual del TOC
• El objetivo es (
cambiar el modo
Adaptado en que2009
de Didonna, )
el paciente se
relaciona con los pensamientos más que el contenido de
éstos
• Intervención:
Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., et al. (2004). Mindfulness: A
proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 230–241.
Butler, J., & Ciarrochi, J. (2007). Psychological Acceptance and Quality of Life in the Elderly. Quality of Life
Research, 16, 607-615.
Cordova, J. V. (2001). Acceptance in behavior therapy: Understanding the process of change. The Behavior
Analyst, 24, 213‐226.
Didonna, F. (2009): Mindfulness and obsessive-compulsive disorder: Developing a way to trust and validate
one’s internal experience. En Didonna, F.(Ed): Clinical Handbook of Mindfulness. Nueva York, Springer (pp.
189-219).
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Gorbis, E., Molnar,C., O’Neill, J., Yip,J.C., Sterner, J., Kitchen, C., y Saxena, S. (2007). Mindfulness-based
behavioral therapy (MBBT) for severe obsessive-compulsive disorder improves therapy outcome for people
who were previously unresponsive to traditional interventions. Abstract presentado en: Annual Conference
of the Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Healthcare, and Society. Worcester, MA, March 28 – April 1,
2007
Govender,S.; Drummond,L.M. y Menzies,R.A. (2006). Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy for the Treatment
of Severe, Chronic and Resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive
Psychotherapy, 34, 1-4.
James, W. (1890) The Principles of Psychology. (Vol. 1). New York: Henry-Holt and Co. Texto completo:
http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/James/Principles/index.htm
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology:Science
and Practice, 10, 144–156.
Kuyken, W., Byford, S., Taylor, R.S., et al. (2008). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to prevent relapse in recurrent
depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(6): 966-978.
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2005). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Core interventions in the
treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder. National Clinical Practice Guideline 31.
Londres, NICE.
Pallanti, S., Hollander, E., Bienstock, C., et al. (2002): Treatment non-response in OCD: methodological issues and
operational definitions. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, Vol 5(2):181-191.
Rasmussen, S. A., y Eisen, J. L. (1997). Treatment strategies for chronic and refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder.
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Roemer, L., y Orsillo, S. M. (2005). An acceptance based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. En S. M.
Orsillo y L. Roemer (Eds.), Acceptance and mindfulness-based approaches to anxiety: Conceptualization and treatment
(p. 213-240). New York: Springer.
Schwartz, J. M.(1996). Brain Lock: Free yourself from obsessive-compulsive behavior. Nueva York, Harper-Perennial.
Schwartz, J. M., Gulliford, E., Stier, J., & Thienemann, M. (2005).Mindful awareness and self-directed neuroplasticity:
Integrating psychospiritual and biological approaches to mental health with afocus on OCD. En G. J. Mijares, y G. Singh-
Khalsa (Eds.): The psychospiritual clinician’s handbook: Alternative methods for understanding and treating mental
disorders. (pp. 281–295). New York:Haworth Reference Press
Simón, V. (2009): Mindfulness en Salud Mental. Un curso práctico. Valencia, 28 de febrero de 2009.
Siegel, R. Germer, C. y Olendzki, A. (2009). Mindfulness: What is it? Where did it come from? En Didonna, F.(Ed): Clinical
Handbook of Mindfulness. Nueva York, Springer (pp. 17-35).
Simpson, H. B., Huppert, J. D., Petkova, E., Foa, E.B., y Liebowitz, M. R. (2006). Response versus remission in obsessive–
compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 269–276.
Simpson, H.B., Zuckoff, A., Page, J.R., Franklin, M.E. y Foa, E.B. (2008): Adding Motivational Interviewing to Exposure
and Ritual Prevention for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: An Open Pilot Trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 37(1):
38–49.
Sookman, D., y Steketee, G. (2007). Directions in specialized cognitive behavior therapy for resistant obsessive–
compulsive disorder: theory and practice of two approaches. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 14, 1–17.
Twohig, M.P., Hayes, S.C., y Masuda, A. (2006).Increasing Willingness to Experience Obsessions: Acceptance and
Commitment Therapy as a Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Behavior Therapy, 37, 3-13.
Twohig, M. P., Moran, D. J., y Hayes, S. C. (2007). A functional contextual account of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
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