JAMSHEDPUR

 
AIRPORT  PROYECT  
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
J
o
n
a  

17/06/2015     Jamshedpur,  India  

 
Jonathan  Ruiz  Barreiro  
Patricia  Revuelta  Ropero  
Ana  Prieto  Nemesio  
      Beatriz  Ruiz  Anguis  
Cristina  Benéitez  Ortega  
 
 
  

Abstract    
 
The  main  goal  of  this  report  is  the  study  of  the  city  of  Jamshedpur  (in  India)  and  its  urban  
agglomerations   for   the   subsequent   construction   of   an   airport   that   accomplish   all   the  
requirements  needed  in  the  city.  In  order  to  do  it,  basing  the  construction  in  all  the  data  that  
we   have   found,   we   have   designed   an   airport   with   two   terminals,   which   will   also   have   the  
best  conditions  to  operate.  The  first  terminal  will  be  for  the  displacement  of  people  taking  
into  account  that  there  will  be  nationals  and  international  flights.  The  other  one,  will  be  used  
for  sending  and  receiving  Tata  Steel´s  products,  which  is  the  industry  located  in  the  city.    
The   airport   has   a   configuration   of   a   small   airport;   due   to   nowadays   there   are   only   a   few  
people  who  will  use  it  comparing  with  other  countries,  so  it  will  have  a  small  shopping  centre  
and  one  runway,  which  has  been  studied  with  the  winds  distribution  and  the  topography.    
To  sum  up,  this  airport  will  be  the  beginning  of  the  expansion  of  Tata  Steel  from  Jamshedpur  
by  air  and  the  start  of  an  increment  of  the  external  tourism  rate.    

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Resumen  
 
El  principal  objetivo  de  este  trabajo  es  el  estudio  de  la  ciudad  de  Jamshedpur  en  India  y  sus  
alrededores   para   la   posterior   construcción   de   un   aeropuerto   que   cumpla   los   requisitos  
necesitados  en  la  ciudad.    Para  ello,  basándonos  en  los  datos  buscados,  hemos  diseñado  un  
aeropuerto   con   dos   terminales,   el   cual   cuenta   con   las   instalaciones   más   idóneas   para   el  
trabajo  allí.  La  primera  terminal  será  para  el  desplazamiento  de  personas  teniendo  en  cuenta  
los  vuelos  nacionales  e  internacionales,  y  la  otra  para  el  envío  y  recepción  de  productos  de  la  
industria  de  la  ciudad,  Tata  Steel.    
El   aeropuerto   tiene   la   configuración   de   un   aeropuerto   pequeño,   dado   que   hoy   en   día   su   uso  
no   es   tan   demandado   como   en   otros   países,   por   lo   que   contará   con   un   pequeño   centro  
comercial  y  con  una  sola  pista,  estudiada  a  partir  de  los  vientos  y  topografía  de  la  zona.  
Resumiendo,  este  aeropuerto  va  a  ser  el  principio  de  una  cadena  de  expansión  de  Tata  Steel  
desde   Jamshedpur   por   aire   y   el   comienzo   de   una   creciente   tasa   de   turismo   por   la   parte  
externa  del  país.    

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Index  
 
Abstract…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………..3  
Resumen………………………………………………………….………………………………………………3  
Introduction………………………………………………….…………………………………………………5  
Jamshedpur……….…………………………………………………………………….………………………6  
  Localization  and  population....……………………………………………..…………………6  
  Topography………………………………………………………………………...………………….6  
    Flora  and  fauna………………………………………………………..…………………..9  
  Political  situation……………………………………………….……………………………..….10  
  Socio/Economic  situation……………………………………………………..……………..12  
  Cuisine…………………………………………………………………………………….……………13  
  Religion…………………………………………………………………………………..……………13  
  Transport………..………………………………………………….……………………………….14  
Forecast  of  Jamshedpur…..…………………………………………………………….………………15  
Airport……………………………………………………….…………………………………………………18  
Critical  aircraft…………………………………………………………………………………….18  
Air  traffic  market………………………………………………………………………………..19  
The  hourly  demand…………………………………………………………………………….29  
PESTEL  analysis…………………………………………………………………………………..31  
  Airport  design…………………………………………………………………………………….44  
  Systems……………………………………………………………………………………………...53  
Budget………………………………………………………………………………………………..60  
Conclusions…………………….……………………………………………………………………………60  
   
 
  

Introduction  
 
Sometimes,   when   people   thinking   about   travelling   and   going   to   new   places,   they   have   in  
mind   certain   countries,   such   as   France,   United   States   and   Australia.   These   places   are  
commonly  visited  every  year  and  they  are  famously  known  by  the  amount  of  tourists  that  go  
on  vacation.    
Nevertheless,  around  the  world  there  are  too  many  countries  which  are  also  attractive  and  
have  different  cultures  to  visit,  so  the  well-­‐known  countries  don’t  have  to  be  the  first  option  
for  travelling.    
One   of   the   richest   countries   in   culture   and  
historical   facts   is   India,   which   is   also   one   of   the  
most   populated   countries   in   the   world.  
Moreover,   this   country   has   had   an   important  
religious   influence   for   its   citizens   and   its  
political   structure   is   based   on   the   largest  
Constitution   of   any   independent   nation   in   the  
world.   Furthermore,   India   is   composed   by   29  
states;   one   of   them   is   Jamshedpur,   the   state  
Picture  1.  Jamshedpur  1  
that  we  are  going  to  deal  with.  
Jamshedpur  is  an  urban  agglomeration  located  in  the  north-­‐east  of  the  Indian  country.  It  is  
the  third  country  with  more  population  and  more  economy  of  the  state.  The  most  important  
fact  is  that  Jamshedpur  has  an  industry,  which  is  called  Tata  Steel,  and  its  main  function  is  to  
produce  steel  for  different  devices,  such  as  automobiles  and  airplanes.  
The  aim  of  this  project  was  to  build  an  airport  in  Jamshedpur  according  with  the  conditions  
they   have   there   and   studying   all   the   problems   that   we   have   to   overcome   and   deal:  
population,  resources,  people  who  are  going  to  travel,  cargo  of  the  Tata  Steel  base…  
Basing   on   all   these   data,   we   decided   to   build   an   airport   with   two   terminals,   one   for  
passengers  and  the  other  one  for  cargo.  Both  of  them  will  be  used  for  their  specific  goal  and  
will  operate  in  different  conditions.      
To  sum  up,  this  report  is  a  study  of  the  construction  of  an  airport  in  Jamshedpur,  using  the  
resources  and  needed  of  the  city  taking  into  account  the  possible  expansion  that  is  going  to  
be  in  20  years.    
 
 
 
 
  
 

Jamshedpur  
 
Localization  and  population  
Localization  
Jamshedpur  also  known  as  “Steel  city”,  Tatanagar  or  Tata,  is  
situated  in  the  Dalbhum  sub-­‐division  of  Singhbhum  district  in  
the  state  of  Jhackhand,  East  of  India,  and  is  consider  the  
most  populated  city  of  the  Jharkhand  state.  It  is  situated  at  
an  altitude  of  100  m  above  sea  level  and  its  area  is  
149,23𝑘𝑚!  and  its  population  is  1.135.000  people;  its  
density  of  population  is  457  persons  per  square  kilometre.    
It   stands   on   the   main   railway   line   connecting   Calcutta   and  
Mumbai  and  is  situated  at  a  distance  of  155  miles  (240  km)  
from  Calcutta  and  1007  miles  from  Mumbai.  
  Picture  1.  Jamshedpur  map  

Topography  
 
General  topography  of  Jhackhand  

The  state  is  rich  in  terms  of  natural  resources,  such  as  forests,  minerals  and  abundant  land.  With  
only   0.7   percent   of   the   population   of   India,   the   state   has   one   third   of   its   mineral   potential  
reserves,   particularly   ‘Coal’   and   ‘Iron’.   The   coal   belt,   the   minerals   and   the   steel   towns   of  
Jamshedpur  and  Bokaro  fall  in  its  territory  and  are  really  the  back  bone  of  the  state  in  terms  of  
both   employability   opportunities   and   revenue   generation   models.   Jharkhand   is   famous   for   its  
rich   mineral   resources   like   Uranium,   Mica,   Bauxite,   Granite,   Gold,   Silver,   Graphite,   Magnetite,  
Dolomite,  Fireclay,  Quartz,  Feldspar,  Coal  (32%  of  India),  Iron,  Copper  (25%of  India)  etc.  Forests  
and   woodlands   occupy   more   than   29%   of   the   state   which   is   amongst   the   highest   in   India.   The  
Vision   2010   document   of   the   government   admits   to   a   52   %   deficit   in   food   grain   production,   with  
half  per-­‐capita  availability  of  food  compared  to  the  national  average.  Close  to  half  of  the  state  
GDP   comes   from   industry   with   mining,   quarrying   and   registered   manufacturing   contributing  
nearly  78  percent  of  the  state’s  industrial  output.  It  is  the  country’s  most  mineral  intensive  state,  
with  mining  and  quarrying  accounting  for  14.3  percent  of  the  SDP.  Manufacturing  contributes  27  
percent  compared  to  the  national  average  of  17%.  Forestry  contributes  only  about  1.3  percent  
with  a  huge  potential  that  is  yet  to  unfold.    
Moreover,   Jharkhand   is   known   for   its   mineral   resources.   The   state   economy,   industrialisation  
and  employment  mainly  depend  upon  its  development  and  utilisation.  Several  Steel  industries,  
thermal   power   generation   units   and   aluminium   plant   are   based   on   iron,   coal   and   bauxite  
available   in   the   state.   Limestone   produced   in   the   state   is   being   utilised   in   the   Cement   plants  
located  within  and  without  the  State.  
Coal   bed   methane,   rare   earth   minerals,   precious   and   semi-­‐precious   mineral   are   areas   where  
immediate  attention  is  required  for  investigation  and  exploration.  The  mineral  resources  of  the  
state  are  as  follows:  
•  Coal  and  Coal  Bed  Methane,  
•  Iron  Ores,  both  Hematite  and  Magnetite  
•   Poly-­‐metallic   base   metal   ores   like   those   of   copper,   lead   zinc,   silver   and   gold   as   well   as  
separate  deposits  of  gold.  
•  Bauxite  and  Lithomarge  
•  Limestone  of  various  types  
•  Mica  and  associated  precious  and  semi-­‐precious  Minerals  &  gems,  
•  Graphite  
•  Pyroxinite  /Amphibolites  
•  Soap  stone  /  Pyrophyllite  
•  Uranium  and  other  Radio-­‐active  Minerals  
•  Kyanite  
•  China  Clay  
•  Dimensional,  Decorative  and  Ornamental  stones.  
•   There   are   immense   possibilities   of   location   the   Platinum   Group   of   Metals   (PGMs),   rare  
earths  and  Diamond  in  the  State.
 
 
Topography  of  Jamshedpur  
 
Attending   to   Jamshedpur   geography,   we   know   that   the   district   covers   an   area   of   3533  
square  kilometres,  about  2.03%  of  the  total  area  of  Jharkhand.  
It’s  coordinates  are:  
•Latitude  -­‐  22°12'  to  23°12'  North  Latitude  
•Longitude  -­‐  86°  04'  to  86°  54'  East  Longitude  
 
Jamshedpur   is   a   part   of   the   Chhota   Nagpur   plateau   and   the   region   is   formed   of   the  
sedimentary,   metamorphic   and   igneous   rocks   belonging   to   the   Dharwarian   period,   in   its  
mineralogical  aspect.  
The  plateau    
The  Chota  Nagpur  Plateau  consists  of  three  steps.  The  highest  step  is  in  the  western  part  of  
the   plateau,   where   pats,   as   a   plateau   is   locally   called,   are   910   to   1,070   metres   (3,000   to  
3,500  ft)  above  sea  level.  The  highest  point  is  1,164  metres  (3,819  ft).  The  next  part  contains  
larger   portions   of   the   old   Ranchi   and   Hazaribagh   districts   and   some   parts   of   old   Palamu  
district,   before   these   were   broken   up   into   smaller   administrative   units.   The   general   height   is  
610   metres   (2,000   ft).   The   topography   in   undulating   with   prominent   gneissic   hills,   often  
dome-­‐like   in   outline.   The   lowest   step   of   the   plateau   is   at   an   average   level   of   around   300  
metres   (1,000   ft).   It   covers   the   old   Manbhum   and   Singhbhum   districts.   High   hills   are   a  
striking   part   of   this   section,   Parasnath   Hills   rise   to   a   height   of   1,370   metres   (4,480   ft)   and  
Dalma   Hills   to   1,038   metres   (3,407   ft).   The   large   plateau   is   subdivided   into   several   small  
plateaux  or  sub  plateaux.  
The   Chota   Nagpur   dry   deciduous   forests,   a   tropical   and   subtropical   dry   broadleaf   forests  
ecoregion   encompasses   the   plateau.   The   ecoregion   has   an   area   of   122,100   square  
kilometres  (47,100  sq  mi),  covering  most  of  Jharkhand  state  and  adjacent  portions  of  Odisha,  
West  Bengal,  Bihar,  Chhattisgarh,  Uttar  Pradesh,  and  Madhya  Pradesh.  
The   ecoregion   is   drier   than   surrounding   ones,   including   the   Eastern   Highlands   moist  
deciduous   forests   that   cover   the   Eastern   Ghats   and   Satpura   Range   to   the   south,   and   the  
Lower  Gangetic  Plains  moist  deciduous  forests  in  the  lowlands  to  the  east  and  north.  
The  plateau  is  covered  with  a  variety  of  different  habitats  of  which  Sal  forest  is  predominant.  
The  plateau  is  home  to  the  Palamau  Tiger  Reserve  and  other  large  blocks  of  natural  habitat  
which  are  among  the  few  remaining  refuges  left  in  India  for  large  populations  of  tiger  and  
Asian  elephants.  
More  than  half  of  the  natural  forest  on  the  plateau  has  been  cleared  for  grazing  land  and  the  
scale  of  the  mining  operations  on  the  plateau  is  disturbing  to  the  movement  and  therefore  
the  survival  of  wildlife  including  elephants  and  tigers.  
Protected  areas  
About  6  percent  of  the  ecoregion's  area  is  within  protected  areas,  comprising  6,720  square  
kilometres  (2,590  sq  mi)  in  1997.  These  are  some  protected  areas:  

• The  largest  are  Palamau  Tiger  Reserve  and  Sanjay  National  Park.  
• Bhimbandh  Wildlife  Sanctuary,  Bihar  (910  km2)  
• Dalma  Wildlife  Sanctuary,  Jharkhand  (630  km2)  
• Gautam  Buddha  Wildlife  Sanctuary,  Bihar  (110  km2)  
• Hazaribagh  Wildlife  Sanctuary,  Jharkhand  (450  km2)  
• Koderma  Wildlife  Sanctuary,  Jharkhand  (180  km2)  
• Lawalong  Wildlife  Sanctuary,  Jharkhand  (410  km2)  
• Palamau  tiger  Reserve,  Jharkhand  (1,330  km2)  
• Ramnabagan  Wildlife  Sanctuary,  West  Bengal  (150  km2)  
• Sanjay   National   Park,   Madhya   Pradesh   (1,020   km2,   a   portion   of   which   is   in   the  
Narmada  Valley  dry  deciduous  forests  ecoregion)  
• Semarsot  Wildlife  Sanctuary,  Chhattisgarh  (470  km2)  
• Simlipal  National  Park,  Odisha  (420  km2)  
• Tamor  Pingla  Wildlife  Sanctuary,  Chhattisgarh  (600  km2)  
• Topchanchi  Wildlife  Sanctuary,  Jharkhand  (40  km2)  
Minerals  
Chota  Nagpur  plateau  is  a  store  house  of  minerals  like  mica,  bauxite,  copper,  limestone,  iron  
ore  and  coal.  The  Damodar  valley  is  rich  in  coal  and  it  is  considered  as  the  prime  centre  of  
coking   coal   in   the   country.   Massive   coal   deposits   are   found   in   the   central   basin   spreading  
over  2,883  square  kilometres  (1,113  sq  mi).  The  important  coalfields  in  the  basin  are  Jharia,  
Raniganj,  West  Bokaro,  East  Bokaro,  Ramgarh,  South  Karanpura  and  North  Karanpura.  
Attending   to   the   topography   of   Jamshedpur   and  

Picture  3.  Jamshedpur  topography   Picture  4.  Jamshedpur  topography

its  closest  area:  
     
Fauna  and  flora    

 Ground  

The  hillocks  on  the  plateau  mostly  form  part  of  the  dolerite  dykes  that  run  criss-­‐cross  all  over  
the  plateau.  They  are  very  low  and  in  chains.  Their  top  boulders  are  exposed.  The  thin  soil  
has  scrubs  and  bushes,  chiefly  some  chasmophytes.  

Plants  

The  hills  fringing  the  central  plateau  are  granitic  in  nature,  low  and  covered  with  a  few  small  
trees   or   are   completely   barren.   Lantana   and   other   exotic   weeds   are   seen.   The   wooded  
hillocks  show  sal  or  a  mixed  forest  of  deciduous  species  or  bamboo.  

 All   such   lands   as   are   too   far   from   towns   and   villages   or   are   protected   from   grazing   and  
cutting  are  followed  by  Anona  squamosa,  Eugenia  species,  Palms,  Gynnosporia  montana  and  
Butea   mono   sperma,   ultimately   leading   to   a   pioneer   monsoon   forest.   Cultivated   fields  
surrounding  isolated  villages,  which  are  located  mostly  near  the  roads  and  railways,  occupy  
the  major  part  of  the  plateau.  

The  northern  and  western  faces  of  the  hills  are  covered  over  with  almost  pure  stands  of  sal  
and   other   species   described   in   the   chapter  
on  forest.  

Plants  and  forests  localization  in  the  map:  

 
  

1. Railway   lines   and   roads   have   been   taken   to   the   most   distant   parts   for   easy  
exploitation   of   mineral   resources,   numerous   railway   stations   and   townships   have  
sprung   up,   near   which   there   has   been   much   cutting   of   forest   and   grazing.   In   such  
areas   are   seen   combretum   decandrum,   Acacia   species,   bamboo,   neem,   holarrhena,  
Flacourtia,   woodfordia,   Phoenix   acaulis   and   Lygodium   species   and   Lantana   camara,  
croton  sparsiflours,  cassia  species  and  hyptis  suaveolens  near  the  fringes.  

2. Dhalbhum   area   the   forests   are   mainly   on   the   open   ridges   and   in   the   undulating  
valleys  and  belong  mainly  to  the  reserved  and  protected  types.  The  forests  are  very  
dense   and   contain   tall   trees   both   evergreen   and   deciduous   standing   close   together  
and   bearing   lots   of   mistletoes,   orchids   and   other   epiphytes   and   thick   undergrowth.  
The  trees  have  mentioned  before.  Some  of  the  hill  tops  barren  due  to  exploitation  for  
minerals.  

3. Ghatshila-­‐Chakulia   area,   along   the   side   of   the   railway   line   and   the   road   is   a  
comparatively   level   country   much   land   having   been   brought   under   cultivation   and  
only   trees   of   importance   to   the   villages   such   as   mahua,   Sahijana,   neem,   bargad,  
peepal,   khajur,   aam   imli,   papaya,   katahall   and   ber   are   seen.   On   the   hill   side,   in   these  
areas  there  are  forests  present  but  they  have  been  much  exploited  for  a  pretty  long  
time  and  the  jungles  are  in  a  poor  state.  

4. North  Kolhan  area  and  the  South  Porahat  area  -­‐  The  condition  here  is  bad  so  far  as  
the  vegetation  is  concerned.  There  has  been  much  cutting  and  grazing.  On  the  slopes  
of   the   hills   are   seen,   sal   with   Gardenia   Specics,   Dillenia   aurea,   phoenix   acaulis   valleys  
sal   with   careya   arborea   and   Dillenia   pentagta,   asan   harra,   kusum   and   pterocarpus  
marsupium.   On   the   even   lands,   a   few   salai,   dhaura,   cheistanthus   collinus,   lannea  
grandis,  Sterrculia  urens,  Co-­‐chlospermum  gossypium,  bamboo  and  khajur  are  seen.  
Self   introduced   herbs   like   scoparia   dulcis,   Ageratum   conyoides,   clerodendron  
infortunatum  are  seen.  

5. The  hill  ranges  on  the  north-­‐eastern  boundary  between  Anandpur  and  Bandagaon  -­‐  
There  is  a  steep  rise  of  about  1500  feet  the  mountain  range  being  crossed  by  a  ghat  
to  reach  the  Ranchi  district.  The  ghat  area  is  covered  with  protected  forest.  Being  the  
southern   face,   the   jungle   is   not   very   thick   and   the   species   are   mostly   xerophilous  
ones.  

 
  

Animals  

Elephants  are  frequently  met  with  in  the  forests  of  this  district  and  their  number  seems  to  
be   on   the   increase.   Wild   elephants   are   common   in   the   jungles   on   the   Dalma   range   in   the  
north  of  the  district.  Heavy  damage  is  caused  mainly  in  rains  to  cultivation,  young  bamboo  
clumps  and  regeneration  areas.  In  drier  periods  of  the  year  they  confine  themselves  to  damp  
valleys.    

Bisions   are   present   but   in   more   interior   areas   except   in   the   rains   when   they   are   seen  
roaming  a  bout  in  open  areas  except  in  the  rains  when  they  are  seen  roaming  about  in  open  
areas.   Sasangda   plateau   of   Karampada   block   may   be   mentioned   in   this   respect   where   all  
kinds  of  animals  may  be  seen  roaming  about  especially  by  the  end  of  rains.  

Tigers   and   panthers   are   present   but   make   very   rare   appearance.   At   times   they   do   attack  
village  cattle  and  in  stray  cases  human  beings.  

Bears  are  present  in  large  number  and  attack  at  times  human  being  and  do  heavy  damage  to  
crops   and   fruits.   Pigs   are   present   in   fairly   largo   number   and   cause   damage   to   cultivation.  
Wild  dogs  are  seen  frequently.  

The   reasons   for   the   slow   decrease   in   the   number   of   sambhar   and   deer   are   several.   With   the  
opening  out  of  the  forests,  the  incidence  of  breeding  of  game  has  gone  down.  The  Ho  with  
his  bow  and  arrow  and  his  great  fondness  for  hunting  will  not  fail  to  kill  a  deer  if  he  gets  a  
chance.   The   practice   of   shooting   from   motor   cars   at   night   with   the   help   of   spotlight,   though  
this  is  prohibited,  is  still  prevalent  and  is  another  cause  of  the  decrease  of  game.  

Political  situation  

In   order   to   study   the   political   situation   in   Jamshedpur,   we   had   analysed   the   political  
situation  in  India.    

India  is  the  world's  largest  democracy  and,  for  all  its  faults  and  flaws,  this  democratic  system  
stands  in  marked  contrast  to  the  democratic  failures  of  Pakistan  and  Bangladesh  which  were  
part  of  India  until  1947.  

Unlike  the  American  political  system  and  the  British  political  system  which  essentially  have  
existed   in   their   current   form   for   centuries,   the   Indian   political   system   is   a   much   more   recent  
construct  dating  from  India's  independence  from  Britain  in  1947.  

The   current   constitution   came   into   force   on   26   January   1950   and   advocates   the   trinity   of  
justice,   liberty   and   equality   for   all   citizens.   The   Constitution   of   India   is   the   longest   written  
constitution  of  any  sovereign  country  in  the  world,  containing  444  articles,  12  schedules  and  
98  amendments,  with  almost  120,000  words  in  its  English  language  version.  

 
The  executive  branch  

The   head   of   state   in   India   is   the   President.   This   is   normally   a   ceremonial   role,   originally  
modelled  on  the  British  monarch  to  "advise,  encourage  and  warn"  the  elected  government  
on   constitutional   matters.   The   President   can   return   a   Parliamentary   Bill   once   for  
reconsideration  and,  in  times  of  crisis  such  as  a  hung  Parliament,  the  role  is  pivotal.    

As  members  of  an  electoral  college,  around  4,500  members  of  the  national  parliament  and  
state  legislators  are  eligible  to  vote  in  the  election  of  the  President.The  current  President  is  
Pranab   Mukherjee.   Moreover,   the   head   of   the   government   is   the   Prime   Minister   who   is  
appointed  by  the  President  on  the  nomination  of  the  majority  party  in  the  lower  house.    

The  legislative  branch  

The  lower  house  in  the  Indian  political  system  is  the  Lok  Sabha  or  House  of  the  People.  As  
set   out   in   the   Constitution,   the   maximum   size   of   the   Lok   Sabha   is   552   members,   made   up   of  
up   to   530   members   representing   people   from   the   states   of   India,   up   to   20   members  
representing  people  from  the  Union  Territories,  and  two  members  to  represent  the  Anglo-­‐
Indian   community   if   it   does   not   have   adequate   representation   in   the   house   according   to   the  
President.  

The  juridical  branch  

The   Supreme   Court   is   the   highest   judicial   authority   in   civil,   criminal   and   constitutional   cases.  
The   court   consists   of   up   to   26   judges,   including   the   Chief   Justice   of   India,   all   of   whom   are  
appointed  by  the  President  on  the  recommendation  of  the  Prime  Minister.  They  serve  until  
the  age  of  65.  

Socio/Economic  situation  

Economic  situation  

The   urban   population   of   the   city   is   higher   than   the   rural   population.   It   is   estimated   that  
about  47.31%  of  the  population  resides  in  the  rural  areas;  whereas  the  urban  areas  consists  
of  52.69%  of  the  population  of  Jamshedpur.  
By  this  reason,  Jamshedpur  main  activity  is  industry,  which  is  home  to  private  iron  and  steel  
company  of  India,  because  the  surrounding  areas  of  Jamshedpur  are  rich  in  minerals,  iron,    
coal,  manganese  bauxite  and  lime.  
It  is  a  modern  industrial  city,  with  industries  like  truck  manufacturing,  tinplate  production,  
cement  and  steel  process.  
The  largest  factory  is  that  of  Tata  Steel  situated  almost  at  the  centre  of  the  centre  of  the  city,  
which  is  largest  iron  and  steel  producing  plant  in  India.  
 
  
Sociological  and  cultural  situation  
The  population  of  the  Jamshedpur  shows  a  great  culture  and  religious  diversity.  In  this  steel  
city   almost   all   the   religions   of   the   Indian   society   are   practiced.   Among   the   people   inhabiting  
the  Jamshedpur  city,  the  population  from  the  state  of  Bihar  forms  the  majority.  
The  culture  of  the  Jamshedpur  is  bestowed  with  different  types  of  fairs  and  festivals  that  are  
unique   to   this   place.   The   festivals   like   Diwali,   id,   Holo,   Budhha   poornima,   guru   parab,  
Christmas  etc  are  celebrated  with  great  zeal  by  the  people  of  every  community  be  it  a  Hindu,  
Muslim   or   Christian.   People   from   all   the   religions   gather   to   enjoy   these   festive   occasions.  
These  events  and  the  unity  among  the  people  make  it  a  very  joyful  and  lively  place  to  live.  

Cuisine  

The  cuisines  of  Jamshedpur  also  show  the  mix  of  the  diverse  cultures.  The  city  is  not  having  
any   particular   identity   of   its   own.   The   identity   to   the   city   is   given   by   the   people   who   are  
coming  and  settling  here  with  time.  So  is  about  the  food  of  the  state.  The  typical  Indian  food  
is   enjoyed   here,   be   it   Jharkhand   tadka   food   or   the   south   Indian   dishes   or   the   plain   daal  
chawal  of  the  northern  India  or  the  Chinese  or  Italian  cuisines.  The  city  has  the  restaurants  
catering   all   sorts   of   food   from   the   worldwide.   Theroad   side   Pani   Puri   walas   are   also   very  
popular  among  the  youth.  

Indian   cuisine   encompasses   a   wide   variety   of   regional   cuisines   native   to   India.   Given   the  
range  of  diversity  in  soil  type,  climate  and  occupations,  these  cuisines  vary  significantly  from  
each  other  and  use  locally  available  spices,  herbs,  vegetables  and  fruits.  Indian  food  is  also  
heavily  influenced  by  religious  and  cultural  choices  and  traditions.  

The   development   of   these   cuisines   has   been   shaped   by   religious  

beliefs,   and   in   particular   by   vegetarianism,   which   continues   to  
grow   as   a   dietary   trend   in   Indian   society.   There   has   also   been  
Central  Asian  influence  on  North  Indian  cuisine  from  the  years  of  
Mughal   rule.   Indian   cuisine   has   been   and   is   still   evolving,   as   a  
result  ofthe  nation's  cultural  interactions  with  other  societies.  

 
Picture  5.  Jamshedpur  cuisine  
 

Religion  

India  is  a  land  of  diversities.  This  diversity  is  also  visible  in  
the   spheres   of   religion.   The   major   religions   of   India   are  
Hinduism   (majority   religion),   Islam   (largest   minority  
religion),   Sikhism,   Christianity,   Buddhism,   Jainism,  
Zoroastrianism,   Judaism   and   the   Bahá'í   Faith.   India   is   a  
land   where   people   of   different   religions   and   cultures   live  
Picture  6.Indian  religions
in  harmony.  

Transport  

Indian   transport   modes   are   the   opposite   of   the   Occidental   ones,   we   could   find   from   a  
rickshaw   (also   known   as   tuk   tuk)   to   an   elephant   passing   through   a   jeep,   train   and  
motorcycle.  
 
Jamshedpur  has  a  very  good  intra-­‐city  bus  network:  
By  flight  

Jamshedpur   is   well   connected   to   other   major   cities   of   the   country   via   regular   flights.   The  
airport  used  is  Sonari  Airport  (IXW).  

 
By  train  
Train  is  the  most  common  of  all  of  them,  it  is  used  to  travel  long  distances  between  cities  but  
you   must   spend   a   lot   of   time   during   the   travel.   Ticket   price   is   around   2500   rupee  
(~30euros).  
Railway  Station(s):  Tatanagar  Junction  (TATA),  Adityapur  (ADTP),  Gamharia  (GMH)  
By  bus  
The   main   bus   stand   has   buses   that   ply   through   the   city   and   neighbouring   towns.   Another  
favourite   means   of   transportation   are   the   minibuses.   Cheap   and   efficient,   a   large   number   of  
people  in  Jamshedpur  avail  this  transportation  system.  

Bus  Station(s):  Tata  Nagar  

Others  
 
Rickshaw  is  the  transport  mode  used  inside  cities  to  moving  easily  to  one  place  to  another.  It  
is  not  an  expensive  mode  and  you  can  breathe  fresh  air.  
 

 
  

Forecast  of  Jamshedpur  

Global  forecast  2030  

It  is  believed  that  in  2030  the  world  population  will  grow  as  minimum  in  a  50%  before  the  
population   growth   rate   begins   to   decrease.   This   grow   could   be   due   to   mainly   in   the  
philanthropic   medical   intervention.   This   kind   of   medical   intervention   will   eradicate   the  
majority  of  deadly  diseases  in  parts  of  the  world  as  the  African  continent  and  this  also  will  
give   the   planet   to   a   much   higher   life   expectancy   in   developed   countries.   This   enormous  
growth  of  the  population  will  cause  problems  in  all  the  nations.  One  of  this  problems  could  
be   the   incapacity   of   the   planet   to   feed   all   the   population.   This   problem   could   be   solve  
because   it   is   think   that   in   2030   the   food   production   will   suffer   a   big   change,   modifying  
genetically  the  crops  and  the  cattle.  This  change  will  make  seeds  that  could  grow  in  the  most  
complicated  conditions  and  meat  industrially  developed  without  the  necessity  of  having  the  
animal.  
Another   problem   will   be   the   aging   of   the   population.   In   2006   about   500   millions   of   guys  
were  65  years  or  more  and  it  is  predicted  that  in  2030  will  be  minimum  the  double  of  people  
with   this   ages.   The   developing   countries   are   going   to   suffer   the   mayor   percentage   of   this  
increase   but   the   majority   of   the   economic   consequences   will   be   suffer   in   the   European  
nations.        
All   what   we   have   counted   above   is   related   with   the   population   but   will   suffer   another  
important  problem  the  energetic  crisis.  Nowadays  we  are  in  a  point  where  we  see  that  the  
fossil  fuels  become  scarce,  in  every  moment  new  technologies  are  producing  and  they  could  
improve  extraction  capabilities  knowing  that  they  will  no  longer  be  competitive  energy.  It  is  
obvious  that  we  have  to  found  new  clean  methods  that  in  2030  may  be  have  been  found,  
clean  energy  sources  are  all  around  us:  in  the  sun,  the  wind,  the  waves  and  the  rocks.    
Another   big   change   will   be   in   the   technology,   in   the   next   25   years   there   will   be   more  
technology   evolution   than   in   all   the   past   century   in   which   was   produced   aircrafts,   cars,  
polymers,  the  nuclear  energy,  the  television,  the  computer,  the  internet  and  mobile  phones.  
This  evolution  is  predicted  based  on  the  velocity  of  the  actual  technology  development.    
Now   we   have   to   talk   about   the   everyday   life   in   the   year   2030.   In   2030   the   life   will   be  
completely  different  to  nowadays.  For  example  each  car  that  driving  on  main  roads  will  be  
controlled  for  satellite  and  for  systems  in  the  gutters  and  a  lot  of  cars  will  be  auto  controlled.  
It   will   be   more   security   thanks   to   the   navigation   systems   of   the   cars   despite   the   appalling  
weather   conditions   likely   will   prevail,   and   consistently,   within   25   years.   In   our   houses,  
schools,  factories,  shops  and  leisure  centers  will  be  robots  with  intelligence  that  will  be  our  
slaves,  creating   wealth,   helping   our  life,  attending   to   our  needs   and   our   security   monitoring.  
Programmed  to  be  are  our  friends  and  helpers.  
To  finish  with  this  forecast  we  are  going  to  talk  about  the  main  countries  and  states  in  2030.  
At  the  head  of  the  most  populous  countries  in  2030  are  India  and  China.  The  CIA  puts  the  
United  States  in  third  place  and  Russia,  to  the  tail  of  the  top  ten.    
There  is  a  forecast  of  decline  in  the  conflicts  between  states  and  also  a  decline  in  the  civil  
wars.  But  it  also  announced  an  increment  of  the  risk  of  conflict  in  countries  where  natural  
resources  such  as  land  and  water  are  scarce  and  where  the  populations  are  very  young.  In  
2030   the   era   of   the   strong   China   is   confirmed.   Some   documents   described   the   "Middle  
Kingdom"  as  the  locomotive  of  the  triumphant  Asia,  more  powerful  than  the  United  States  
and   Europe   together   in   terms   of   population,   GDP,   military   spending   and   technological  
investments.    
United  States  prognostic  its  energetic  independence  thanks  to  gas  and  oil  shale,  it  also  could  
become  in  the  main  global  manufacturer  of  raw  in  2020  leaving  behind  Arabia  Saudi,  current  
world   leader,   and   causing   an   alteration   of   the   balance   of   power   with   unprecedented  
consequences.  
Service   agreements   will   be   more   liberal   producing   the   market   liberalization   and   thus   its  
growth  this  can  be  produced  by  the  change  in  the  culture  of  the  society.  This  liberalization  
will  produce  a  more  liberal  market  that  allows  better  relations  between  countries  and  less  
competition  between  companies  dedicated  to  the  same  activities.  
It   is   also   predicted   that   Asia   will   consolidated   its   position   as   the   country   with   the   largest  
market  due  to  continued  growth  in  China,  Vietnam,  Indonesia  and  other  countries.  

India  forecast  2030  

India  will  be  one  of  the  most  benefactors  of  the  price  drop  of  the  raw  materials  mainly  of  the  
petrol.   The   descendent   of   the   crude   oil   prices   will   help   the   Indian   economy   one   of   the   most  
brilliants   of   the   world.   It   also   expected   an   important   inversion   in   infrastructures   and   an  
economy  growth  that  will  be  accelerated  with  the  years.  In  medium  term  India  will  exceeded  
the   growth   of   China.   With   this   economic   growth   India   maybe   will   reduce   the   difference  
between  rich  and  poor  people  that  so  marked  is  in  India  nowadays.    
 

Aerospace  forecast  2030  

The   economic   growth   measured   by   the   GDP   is   a   main   factor   in   the   growth   of   the   aviation  
industry.  It  is  think  that  in  the  next  20  years  the  GDP  will  grow  a  3.2%  and  this  will  impulse  
the  passenger  traffic  to  grow  in  a  5%  (annual)  and  the  load  traffic  in  a  4.7%  (annual).    
It  is  predicted  that  in  the  period  between  2015  and  2023  the  market  will  have  37,000  new  
aircrafts  including  passenger  and  cargo  jets,  business  jets  and  regional  aircrafts  and  they  will  
be   need   around   55,000   engines   that   allows   companies   as   Rolls   Royce   to   continue   growing  
with  this  production.  The  value  of  this  aircrafts  will  be  near  5.2  billion  of  dollars.    
In  the  past  is  usually  think  that  the  twin-­‐aisle  market  will  consolidated  as  the  largest  engine  
sector   delivering   4,500   aircrafts   that   will   be   the   51%   of   the   aircraft   market.   The   new  
generation   of   twin-­‐aisle   aircraft   are   a   stimulant   to   demand   growth   because   of   the   lower  
airline   operating   costs   and   enable   new   intercontinental   routes   to   be   lunched.   Maybe   this  
cannot  possible  because  it  is  so  difficult  to  send  big  aircrafts  this  is  due  to  that  companies  
don´t   want   big   aircrafts   because   they   have   more   costs.   Single   aisle   aircrafts   will   continue  
being  the  top  in  the  market,  it  will  be  necessary  26.000  new  aircrafts  of  single  aisle  and  8.600  
in  the  fleet  of  wide  body.  
 
Mundial  air  traffic  evolution  
The   air   traffic   demand   has   been   developing   since   the   start   of   its   history,   impulse   by   the  
technological   improvements   in   the   technology   of   the   aircrafts   and   its   infrastructures   that  
extended   the   security,   the   scope,   the   velocity   and   the   comfort   of   the   flights   reducing   the  
operative  costs  and  this  increase  the  potential  clients.  The  evolution  of  the  world  economy  
with   also   an   increase   in   the   rent   and   the   apparition   of   a   potent   touristic   industry   make   a  
strong   demand   that   nowadays   is   increasing   its   association   with   the   economic   world   cycle.  
This   produces   bigger   increasing   with   the   higher   parts   of   this   cycle   and   decreasing   in   the  
years  of  economic  weakness.    This  evolution  can  give  us  the  capacity  to  sure  that  knowing  
that  in  the  next  year  the  world  economy  and  also  the  rent  will  increase  we  can  sure  that  the  
air  traffic  demand  will  also  increase.  
India  air  traffic  evolution  
At   same   as   EEUU   air   traffic   the   Indian   domestic   traffic   had   decreased   in   the   last   year   a   1.5%  
but  is  expected  to  increase  in  the  next  years  because  as  we  said  before  the  economy  of  the  
India   will   increase   making   this   continent   one   of   the   most   important   of   the   world.   We   can  
predicted   that   knowing   that   Jamshedpur   economy   has     increase   in   the   last   years   and   also  
the  country  we  can  know  that  they  are  continuing  growing.  This  grow  is  thanks  to  Tata  Steel  
so   if   Tata   continue   being   active   the   Jamshedpur   economy   and   its   population   will   continue  
increasing   producing   more   air   traffic.   If   Tata   Steel   disappears   the   economy   of   Jamshedpur  
will  destroy  and  also  the  air  traffic  because  as  we  said  before  Tata  gives  job  to  the  majority  
of  the  population  of  the  city  and  is  its  most  important  economy.    
 
 
 

 
Airport  
 
Critical  aircraft  
Our   airport   is   going   to   be   divided   in   two   sections:   First,   we   are   going   to   operate   with  
commercial  aircrafts  for  carrying  people.  Moreover,  we  are  going  to  operate  with  Tata  steel,  
to  carry  freight.  
In  order  to  know  the  dimensions  of  the  landing  strips  and  the  airport,  we  need  to  stablish  
the   critical   aircraft.   In   our   case,   it   will   be   the   Airbus   A330-­‐200F,   which   main   purpose   is   to  
carry  steel  from  the  Tata  Steel  Company.  
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Picture  7.  A330-­‐200F    
 
TABLE:  MAIN  FEATURE  OF  THE  A330-­‐200F  
    FUSELAGE       MAX.TAKE  OFF    
RANGE   7400Km   WIDTH   5.54m   WEIGHT   233  t  
MAX.     MAX.CABIN     MAX.LANDING    
PAYLOAD   65(70)t   WIDTH   5.28m   WEIGHT   187t  
        MAX.FUEL    
WING  SPAN   60.3m   TRACK   10.7m   CAPACITY   97.530  litres  
OVERALL         MAX.ZERO    
LENGTH   58.82m   WHEELBASE   22.2m   FUEL  WEIGHT   178t  
  16.88m   MAX  .RAMP     THRUST    
HEIGHT   WEIGHT   223.9t   RANGE   302-­‐320  kN  
CABING  LEGTH     PALLETS  OR   Up  to  23  pallets   CRUISE  SPEED    
45m   CONTAINERS   /  8p.  +2LD3  con.   913  km/h  
 
TAKE  OFF     RATE  OF  CLIMB     LANDING      
FIELD(MTOW)   2500m   15.24  m/s   FIELD  (MLW)   1850m  
LENGTH   REQUIRED  
 
  

 Air  Traffic  Market  

India  has  more  than  a  hundred  airports  located  on  all  its  territory;  these  have  regional  and  
internationals  flights,  that  depending  on  the  place  and  the  dimension  of  the  city.  Two  of  all  
are  more  close  to  Jamshedpur  than  the  others  which  are  consider  the  competitive  airports  
due  to  the  proximity.    
The  first  one  is  Ranchi  airport  (Birsa  Munda  Airport),  this  is  located  in  the  same  state  as  
Jamshedpur  (Jhackhand)  and  the  distance  between  them  is  approximately  130  km,  that  
means  the  population  would  chose  which  one  use  to  fly  depending  on  the  destinations;  its  
population  is  not  greater  than  Jamshedpur’s  therefore  it  is  important  to  have  other  
destinations  that  give  the  opportunity  to  chose  one  or  other  airport.    
Ranchi  principal  destinations  are  Calcutta,  Delhi,  Patra  and  Mumbai,  all  of  them  are  cities  of  
India,  so  are  considered  regional  flights.  

• Departures  and  Arrivals:  

Jamshedpur  destination  depends  on  the  competitive  airports  destination  and  the  cities  
which  are  working  with  Tata  exporting  or  importing  merchandising,  at  national  and  
international  range.  Also,  we  have  to  keep  in  mind  the  different  type  of  traffic  cargo  and  
commercial  in  our  case.  (This  will  be  explaining  in  next  points).  
Commercial  national  flights  are  to  the  most  important  cities  of  the  country  as  Delhi,  
Mumbai,  Calcutta  and  Hyderabad  and  some  city  not  as  important  as  Patna.    
 
To  fly  at  the  main  airports  of  India  give  the  opportunity  of  be  connected  with  the  other  small  
cities  of  the  country,  which  are  difficult  to  arrive  in  a  flight  from  Jamshedpur  and  the  rest  of  
the  world;  giving  the  option  of  increase  the  destinations  in  a  near  future  if  it  would  be  
necessary.  
 
Historical  Data  
• Annual  data:  

Passengers:  
All  next  data  are  estimation  for  Jamshedpur  airport  movement  taking  account  a  similar  
airport,  Ranchi  airport  (MBA):    

MONTH   January   February   March   April   May   June  

PASS.   59923   60635   63280   61519   81454   79782  
MONTH   July   August   September   October   November   December  
PASS.   35871   70437   69972   74022   65953   93017  
Table  1:  Passengers  Movements  Monthly.  

Annual  number  of  passengers  on  Jamshedpur  Airport  is  815866  passengers.  
 Number  of  passengers  
100000  
90000  
80000  
70000  
60000  
50000  
40000  
Number  of  passengers  
30000  
20000  
10000  
0  

 
  Table  2:  Graphically  Passengers  Movements.      

DAILY   January   February   March   April   May   June  

PASS.   2141   2166   2260   2198   2910   2850  
DAILY   July   August   September   October   November   December  
PASS.   1281   2516   2499   2644   2356   3323  
Table  3:  Daily  Passengers  Each  Month.  

Daily  Passengers  
3500  
3000  
2500  
2000  
1500  
1000  
500  
0  

Daily  Passengers  
 
Table  4:  Daily  Passengers  Graphically.  

 
Cargo:  
All  cargo  data  are  estimation  for  Jamshedpur  airport,  taking  the  initial  data  from  Pune  
airport.  

MONTH   January   February   March   April   May   June  

CARGO     1774   1798   1944   1787   2416   2250  
(TONNES)  
MONTH   July   August   September   October   November   December  
CARGO     2038   2312   2401   2461   2678   2471  
(TONNES)  
Table  5:  Cargo  Tonnes  Distribution.  

Cargo  Tonnes  
3000  

2500  

2000  

1500  

Cargo  Tonnes  
1000  

500  

0  

 
Table  6:  Cargo  Monthly  Distribution.  

DAILY   JAN   FEB   MARCH   APRIL   MAY   JUNE  

CARGO   64   65   70   64   87   81  
(TONNES)  
DAILY   JULY   AUGUST   SEPTEMBER   OCTOBER   NOVEMBER   DECEMBER  
CARGO   73   83   86   88   96   89  
(TONNES)  
Table  7:  Cargo  Daily  Distribution.  
 Cargo  Tonnes  
120  

100  

80  

60  

40   Cargo  Tonnes  

20  

0  

 
Table  8:  Cargo  Daily  Distribution  Graphically.  

 
**Cargo  and  passenger  data  are  taken  from  AAI  (Airports  Authority  of  India)  and  are  
estimation  depending  on  the  population  (passengers)  and  Tata’s  activities  (cargo).  
 
 
Schedule  and  timing  for  airplanes  and  passengers:  

Flights  distribution  depends  on  the  traffic,  commercial  flights  will  be  distributed  during  the  
whole  day  (morning-­‐evening-­‐afternoon)  and  cargo  flights  will  be  during  the  nights  and  
sometimes  at  first  hour  of  day,  depending  on  the  direction  they  will  take.  
Commercial  (Regional  and  Internationals):  
  Mornings:    
! 7:45  AM.  
! 8:45  AM.  
! 8:45  AM.  
! 10:15  AM.  

Evening:  
! 1:20  PM.  
! 1:40  PM.  
! 1:40  PM.  
! 3:15  PM.  

 
  
 
Afternoon:  
! 4:20  PM.  
! 5:30  PM.  
! 7:50  PM.  
! 7:50PM.  
! 8:00PM.  

Cargo  (Regional  and  International):    

! 11:00  PM.  
! 2:00  AM.  
! 4:00  AM.  
 
o Schedule:  

COMMERCIAL  FLIGHTS:  
National:  

Hour/Destination   Calcutta   Mumbai   Delhi   Patna   Hyderabad  

7:45AM     X        
8:45AM   X          
8:45AM   X          
10:15  AM       X   X    
1:20PM   X         X  
1:40  PM       X      
1:40  PM       X      
3:15  PM     X   X      
4:20  PM     X       X  
5:30  PM         X    
7:50  PM   X          
7:50  PM   X          
8:00PM       X      
Table  8:  Regional  Schedule  Flights  

Hour/Destination   Calcutta   Mumbai   Delhi   Patna   Hyderabad  

7:45AM   X   X   X   X    
8:45AM   X   X   X     X  
8:45AM   X   X   X      
10:15  AM     X   X   X   X  
1:20PM   X          
1:40  PM     X   X      
1:40  PM       X      
 3:15  PM   X   X   X   X    
4:20  PM     X       X  
5:30  PM   X     X   X    
7:50  PM   X   X   X   X    
7:50  PM   X     X   X    
8:00PM     X   X     X  
Table  9:  December  Schedule.  

 
On  Table  9  we  can  see  all  the  flights  that  will  be  operative  during  December,  which  is  the  
month  with  more  transit  of  the  year,  the  rest  of  months  the  flights  will  be  at  the  timetable  
(Table  8).    
All  flights  indicated  in  the  previous  table  (Table  8)  are  daily  from  Jamshedpur  and  different  
airlines  are  in  charge  of  them.  
Cities  selected  as  destination  are  those  which  are  important  in  Indian’s  territory  (Mumbai,  
Calcutta  and  Delhi)  and  others  not  as  important  as  the  previous  ones  (Patna,  Hyderabad)  but  
with  people  affluence.  
The  most  important  and  far  ones  (Mumbai  and  Delhi)  have  more  flights  per  day,  five  times  
each  day  to  Delhi,  with  different  airlines;  three  per  day  to  Mumbai  and  five  flights  per  day  to  
Calcutta  also  because  it  has  an  important  international  airport  and  its  more  near  as  Delhi  o  
Mumbai.  Patna  and  Hyderabad  for  example  only  have  two  flights  per  day;  they  are  small  
cities  and  are  close  by  Jamshedpur.  
 
International:  

Hong  
Hour/Destination  
Kong  
7:00   X  
Table  10:  International  Schedule  Flight.  

Hong  Kong  destination  is  the  only  international  city  and  it  departure  all  the  days  (Saturday  
and  Sunday  are  not  included).  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CARGO:    
(International)  

Hong-­‐
Hour/Destination   Singapore   Amsterdam   Dusseldorf   Dubai   Shanghai  
Kong  
11:00  PM       X   X      
2:00  AM   X   X         X  
4:00  AM           X    
  Table  11:  International  Cargo  Schedule.  

 
International  cargo  destinations  are  along  the  countries,  Europe  and  Asia.  Those  were  
selected  having  in  mind  all  the  Tata’s  activities  and  where  they  have  sale  points.  
There  is  a  time  specific  distribution  due  to  geographic  aspects  and  considering  the  difference  
of  hours  between  Jamshedpur  and  them.  
 
Departures  are  not  every  day;  the  flights  have  weekly  distribution,  Table  11.  
*Amsterdam  and  Dusseldorf  are  operated  one  after  the  other.  

Destination/Day   Monday   Tuesday   Wednesday   Thursday   Friday   Saturday   Sunday  

Hong  Kong   X     X       -­‐   -­‐  
Singapore     X       X   -­‐   -­‐  
Dubai     X       X   -­‐   -­‐  
Shanghai   X     X       -­‐   -­‐  
Amsterdam     X     X     -­‐   -­‐  
Dusseldorf     X     X     -­‐   -­‐  
Table  12:  Weekly  International  Cargo  Distribution.  

(National)  

Hour/Destination   Calcutta   Chennai   Coimbatore   Mumbai   Delhi   Ahmadabad  

4:00  AM         X   X    
5:00  AM         X   X    
6:00  AM   X   X   X       X  
Table  13:  Regional  Cargo  Destinations.  

Regional  cargo  flights,  as  international’s,  are  not  going  to  fly  every  day.  Weekly  distribution  
appears  on  Table  9.  

Destination/Day   Monday   Tuesday   Wednesday   Thursday   Friday   Saturday   Sunday  

Calcutta     X         -­‐   -­‐  
Chennai   X     X       -­‐   -­‐  
Coimbatore       X     X   -­‐   -­‐  
Mumbai   X     X   X     -­‐   -­‐  
Delhi     X       X   -­‐   -­‐  
Ahmadabad   X       X     -­‐   -­‐  
Table  14:  Regional  Cargo  Weekly  Distributions.  
  
Number  and  type  of  aircraft:  

There  are  two  air  traffic  types  in  Jamshedpur  airport,  commercial  and  cargo.  Commercial  
traffic  is  operated  by  Indian  main  airlines  with  their  own  fleet,  which  are  very  wide.  Main  
airlines  are  Indi  Go,  Air  India,  Go  Air,  JetKonnet  and  Jet  Airways;  each  one  has  its  own  fleet  
for  regional  flights:  
 
Indi  Go  fleet:    
" Airbus  A  320  

Air  India  fleet:  

" CRJ  700              
" ATR  42  
" ATR  72  

Jet  Airways  fleet:  

" ATR  72-­‐500  
" ATR  72-­‐600  
" Boeing  737-­‐700  
" Boeing  737-­‐800  

Go  Air  fleet:  
" Airbus  A  320  

JetKonnet  fleet:  
" ATR  42  
" ATR  72  
" Boeing  737-­‐700  

International  airlines:  
Air  India:  
" Boeing  737-­‐700  

 
Cargo  flights  are  operated  by  private  airlines  which  use  Airbus  A  330-­‐200F  (critical  aircraft)  
for  international  flights  and  smaller  aircrafts  for  regional  flights  as  Airbus  A  310F.  
 
 
 Hour/Destin
Calcutta   Mumbai   Delhi   Patna   Hyderabad  
ation  

7:45AM            

8:45AM            

8:45AM            

10:15  AM            

1:20PM          
 

1:40  PM            

1:40  PM            

3:15  PM          
 

4:20  PM            

5:30  PM          
 

7:50  PM            

7:50  PM            

8:00PM          
 
Table  15:  Airlines  Schedule  for  Passengers,  Regional  Flights.  

   

Hour/Destination   Hong  Kong  

7:00    
Table  16:  Airline  Schedule  for  Passengers,  
 International  Flight.  

 
 
 Hour/Destin
Calcutta   Mumbai   Delhi   Patna   Hyderabad  
ation  

7:45AM          
 

8:45AM          
 

8:45AM            

10:15  AM            

1:20PM            

1:40  PM          
 

1:40  PM            

3:15  PM        
   

4:20  PM            

5:30  PM          
 

7:50  PM          
 

7:50  PM          
 

8:00PM        
   
Table  17:  Airlines  Schedule  December.  

 
 
Type  of  traffic:  

Jamshedpur  airport  type  of  traffic  is  divided  in  cargo  and  commercial.  The  cargo  type  is  
related  with  all  the  activities  that  Tata  has  around  the  world;  it  will  be  the  Tata’s  Airport,  
flying  where  Tata  is  related  with  and  where  needs  it.  
The  other  type,  commercial  has  the  mission  of  communicate  Jamshedpur  citizens  and  
surroundings  with  far  regions  of  India  and  other  countries  outside  Oriental  zone.  
  
AIRLINES  TRENDS  

• Evolution  of  annual  traffic  

India  is  a  region  which  is  growing  up  since  the  last  beginning  of  century,  it  will  increase  its  
demography  considerably  in  the  next  years  and  this  will  suppose  an  increment  of  necessities  
from  the  people  that  have  to  expand  their  markets  and  economy.  This  mean  that  transport  
modes  will  help  to  expand  that  markets,  people  and  economy  (and  others)  to  the  rest  of  the  
world.  
The  number  of  passengers  will  increase  producing  a  development  in  air  traffic  sector  and  
communications  between  India  (Jamshedpur)  and  the  most  important  cities  of  the  world.  
Due  to  new  airlines  will  include  in  Jamshedpur  airports  and  population  would  fly  to  new  
places.  
 

• Airlines  fleet  evolution:  

Develop  process  of  air  traffic  sector  and  relationships  between  countries,  thanks  to  the  
increment  of  population,  economy  and  market  expansion,  will  give  the  opportunity  of  
expand  Jamshedpur  airport  zones,  include  new  destinations  and  arrive  to  more  far  places  
where  nowadays  it  is  impossible  to  access  from  India.  

 
 
 
 
The  Hourly  Demand  
Define  the  busy  day  of  an  airport  is  an  important  part  that  it  has  to  be  studied  to  get  the  
optimum  size  of  the  airport.  
 
Passenger  Demand  
Analysing  the  data  shown  in  the  AAI  (Airports  Authority  of  India)  webpage  we  get  that  
December  probably  is  going  to  be  the  month  with  the  most  traffic  of  passengers  according  
to  the  nearest  airport  which  is  the  Ranchi  airport.  
We  estimate  that  according  to  the  population  of  the  region,  65.562  passengers  are  going  to  
travel  the  month  of  December.  Inside  December  the  week  with  more  traffic  probably  is  
going  to  be  the  week  from  the  10  to  the  25  due  to  the  increase  of  the  tourism  in  this  week  
and  because  the  proximity  of  the  new  year.    
 
The  calculations  are:  
93.017  passengers  /  4  weeks  =  23.254  passengers  per  week.  
 
The  55%  of  these  passengers  we  estimate  that  are  going  to  move  between  the  10  and  25  of  
December,  then:  
55%  of  23.254  =  9.302  passengers  during  this  week.  
9.302  /  7  days  =  1.329  passengers  per  day,  where  we  estimate  that  1.1229  passengers  are  
going  to  move  the  busy  day.    
 
With  these  results  we  can  estimate  that  the  peak  hour  is  going  to  be  between  13:00pm  and  
14:00pm  with  a  transit  of  550  passengers  approximately.  
 
Studding  the  movements  of  the  aircrafts  we  get  that  in  the  month  of  December  1101  
aircrafts  are  going  to  move.  From  these  aircrafts,  275  move  each  week  getting  39  aircraft  per  
day.    Due  to  these  results  we  can  estimate  that  in  the  peak  hour  (13:00-­‐14:00)  are  going  to  
be  3  aircrafts.  
 
The  Calculations  are:  
1101  aircrafts  /  4  weeks  =  275  aircrafts  move  per  week.  
275  aircrafts  /  7  days  =  39  aircrafts  per  day,  where  we  estimate  that  35  aircrafts  are  going  to  
move  the  busy  day.  
39  aircrafts  per  hour/  13  (number  of  hours  available  to  flight)  =  3  aircrafts  per  hour.  Then  we  
can  estimate  that  the  peak  hour  is  3  aircrafts.  
 
Freight  demand    
 
The  month  with  the  higher  movement  of  freight  coincides  with  the  month  with  the  greatest  
movement  of  passengers,  which  is  December  according  to  the  data  of  AAI.  
During  the  hold  year  we  estimate  that  3213  tones  of  freight  are  going  to  move,  where  376  
tones  are  going  to  be  in  the  month  of  December.    
 
The  calculations  are:  
2678  tones  /  4  weeks  =  670  tones  per  week.  
670  tones  per  week  /  7  days  =  95  tones  per  day,  where  we  estimate  that  in  the  busy  day  is  
going  to  move  85  tones  of  freight.  
  

PESTEL  Analysis  
 
-­‐POLITICAL  ANALYSIS  
 
POLICY  OF  INDIAN  AIRPORTS  
The  civil  aviation  in  India  is  organised  by  the  Ministry  of  Civil  aviation  of  the  Government  of  
India,  being  responsible  for  formulation  of  national  policies  and  programmes  for  the  
development  and  regulation  of  the  Civil  Aviation  sector  in  the  country,  including  the  Aircraft  
Act  of  1934,  Aircraft  Rules  1937  and  other  legislations  related  with  the    Indian  aviation  
sector.  
It  has  some  attached  organizations  like  the  Directorate  general  of  Civil  Aviation  (DGCA)  ,  
which  primarily  deals    with  safety  issues,  being  responsible  for  regulation  of  air  transport  
services  to/from/within  India  and  for  enforcement  of  civil  air  regulations,  air  safety,  and  
airworthiness  standards,  or  the  Bureau  of  Civil  Aviation  Security  in  charge  of  the  security  of  
the  civil  flights  at  the  airports.  
The  AAI  (airports  authority  of  India)  is  also  responsible  of  legal  aspects  of  the  airports,  being  
joint  ventures  of  the  MOCA  and  focused  on  the  acceleration  of  the  development,  expansion  
and  modernization  of  the  whole  airport  facilities  conforming  to  international  standards.  
THE  AAI  position  sustains  the  importance  of  the  modernisation  of  airports  infrastructures  
and  its  efficient  use  for  the  sustainable  development  of  trade  and  tourism  of  the  country,  
trying  infrastructures  to  grow  in  anticipation  of  the  escalating  needs  of  the  air  transport  
industry  and  being  aware  of  the  significant  economic  role  that  airports  play  in  the  national  
economy.  Besides,  the  AAI  owns  125  airports,  of  the  total  464  of  the  country,  and  26  civil  
enclaves  at  defence  airfields  and  provides  air  traffic  services  over  the  entire  Indian  airspace  
and  adjoining  oceanic  areas.  
So  simplifying,  the  policy  framework  for  the  civil  aviation  sector  is  developed  by  the  
government  the  AAI  works  on  the  policy  about  the  use  and  development  of  the  airport  
infrastructure,  which  should  be  always  read  along  with  the  National  policy  on  Civil  Aviation.  
 
AIRPORTS  JUDICIAL  ASPECTS  
In  India,  the  attendant  of  investigations  of  aircraft  accidents  and  incidents  is  a  division  on  the  
MOCA,  known  as  the  Aircraft  Investigation  Bureau  (AAIB).  The  AAIB  has  to  comply  with  the  
SARPs  of  the  ICAO  but  previously  to  its  establishment  in  2011,  it  was  the  DGCA  who  
conducted  investigations  and  information  established  by  the  Court  of  Inquiry  and  the  
Committee  Inquiry.  
 
  
 

SECURITY  OF  INDIAN  AIRPORTS  

There  are  other  agencies,  specialized  on  providing  airport’s  security,  these  are  the  Industrial  
Security  Force  under  the  regulatory  framework  of  of  the  Bureau  of  Civil  Aviation  Security  
(BCAS)      (Ministry  of  Civil  Aviation  Security)  and  also  the  CSIF  created  an  airport  security  
group.  

So  currently,  and  specially  after  the  Kandahar  hijacking  of  1999  airport  reinforced  it  security,  
having  its  specific  APSU(  Airport  Security  Unit)  and  every  domestic  airline  provides  his  
secutiry  group  in  terms  of  aircraft  security  to  avoid  terrorist  threats  and  narcotics.  

Attending  the  cargo  security,  it  is  done  by  the  Regulated  Agents  or  Airlines/  Airports  own  
security  staff  that  are  tested  and  certified  by  the  Bureau  of  Civil  Aviation  Security  (BCAS),  an  
aviation  security  Regulator.  

The  standars  and  measures  in  respect  of  security  of  civil  flights  at  international  and  domestic  
airports  are  hence,  established  by  the  BCAS  
 

IMMIGRATION    

India  has  one  of  the  worlds  most  diverse  and  complex  migration  histories.  Since  the  19th  
century,  ethnic  Indians  have  established  communities  on  every  continent  as  well  as  on  
islands  in  the  Caribbean  and  the  Pacific  and  Indian  oceans.  

Nowaydays  immigration  also  represent  an  important  factor  in  the  curretn  society  ,  as  
statistic  shows    significantly  movements  of  people  inside  India  and  also  at  an  internacional  
level,  that’s  why  the  Bureau  of  Immigration  (BoI)  was  setup  in  1971  by  Government  of  India,  
to  undertake  Immigration  function  in  the  country.  
BoI  is  enblaed  by  Commissioner  of  Immigration  and  assisted  by  FRROs  for  immigration  
facilitation  service  at  airports  and  work  relating  to  registration  of  foreigners  under  various  
Acts  and  Rules.  Altogether,  there  are  82  Immigration  Check  Posts  all  over  India,  catering  to  
international  traffic.  
Census  data  of  2001,  hold  that  about  307  million  person  have  been  reported  as  migration  by  
place  of  birth.  Out  of  them  about  259  million  (84.2%),  migrated  from  on  e  part  of  the  state  
to  another,  i.e.,  from  one  village  or  town  to  another  village  or  town.  42  million  (2%)  from  out  
side  the  country.  
 
  
 
The  profile  of  most  of  migrants  are  people  who  lived  rural  áreas  but  decided  to  move  to  the  
urban  ones  due  to  the  increasing  in  the  employment  opportunities,  education,etc.  In  this  
table  are  presented  the  main  reasosn  for  India  immigration:  
 

 
 
IMMIGRATION’S  AIRPORT  CHECK  PROCESS  
Beeing  immigration  such  important  factor,  airports  have  to  define  a  system  to  control  the  
traffic  and  register  all  the  migrant  flows,  which  lies  at  core  of  the  BoI.  
It  determined  that  all  Indian  national  who  decide  to  travell  abroad  will  require  a  valid  Indian  
Passport  and  also  a  travel  authority  for  the  destination  country,  ususally  in  the  form  of  Visa.  
Also  in  all  airports  must  be  neccessary  the  immigration  cjeck  for  all  passengers,  either  
Indians  or  foreigners,  at  the  arrival  and  departure  time,  there  their  Passports  will  be  duly  
stamped.  
 
All  passengers  will  be  required  to  fill-­‐up  D  and  E  cars  (disembarkation/  embarkation)  on  
arrival  and  departure  respectively.  In  these  cards,  passengers  will  provide  the  following  
information:  
 
 
 
 
  
Name  and  Sex  
• Date  of  Birth,  Place  of  Birth,  Nationality  
• Passport  details  viz.  number,  place  and  dates  of  issue/expiry.  
• Visa  details  viz.  number,  place  and  dates  of  issue/expiry  (for  arriving  
foreigners  only)  
• Address  in  India  
• Flight  number  and  date  of  arrival/departure  
• Occupation  
• Purpose  of  visit  to/from  India  
 
 
 
ECONOMICAL  ANALYSIS  
 
PROFITS    
An  airport  apart  of  being  a  infrastructure  that  allows  and  helps  people  to  travel,  it  is  a  
business  in  which  you  invert  an  amount  of  money  that  then  you  hope  to  recover  and  even  
make  money.  
For  this  purpose,  airports  are  provided  with  specific  areas  and  services,  and  when  one  is  
builed  the  four  ‘P’s  of  markerting  are  taking  into  account,  which  are:  product,  price,  
promotion  and  physical  distribution.  
 
In  our  particular  case,  we  offer  a  medium  range  of  flights  to  many  locations  of  India  and  
even  an  internatinal  flight  to  Hong  Kong  apart  from  the  cargo  flights  covering  more  
destinations,  mainly  importation  and  exportation  locations  of  Tata  Steel.    
The  price  of  ticket  flight  will  be  accorded  to  the  airlines,  that’s  why  we  include  some  low  cost  
airlines  for  those  people  who  haven’t  got  a  great  capital  income  and  thinking  about  the  
power  of  CRS  company’s  programmes  and  the  extensio  of  internet  people  from  many  places  
will  be  able  to  purchase  flight  tickets  from  our  airport.  
 
Once  we  have  oversee  the  marketing  keys  of  the  airport,  thinking  about  its  profitability  we  
have  to  see  the  airport  charges  that  AAI  establishes  for  the  airlines,  parking  services,etc.  
Which  are:  
  
 
So  one  of  the  profits  sources  will  come  from  this  charges,  but  current  studies  shows  that  the  
portion  of  revenue  coming  from  aeronautical  service  is  quite  low,  for  that  reason  is  
important  to  include  in  the  airport  stores,  shop  and  duty  free  zones  where  people  can  
consume  or  spend  their  time  while  waiting  the  flight  or  in  case  of  delays,  making  profit  for  
the  airport.  
 
Thinking  not  only  in  the  economical  porfits  the  airport  will  generate,  the  city  will  also  benefit  
increasing  its  importance  in  the  country  and  giving  TATA  the  chance  to  grow.  
 
 
COMPETITION  
With  the  construction  of  this  brand  new  Jamshedpur  airport,  the  Jharkhand  state  will  
increase  its  number  of  airport  infrastructures  from  5  to  6.    
Even,  currently  there  is  already  an  airport  in  the  city  known  as  Sonari  Airport,  it  meres  serves  
TATA  steeel  services  and  it  needs  an  urgent  renovation  to  be  able  to  overtake  its  space  
limitations  due  to  the  high  levels  of  production  of  this  company  and  also,  due  to  recient  and  
progresive  growth  of  the  city  population.  
 
 
For  that  reason  we  present  in  this  Project  a  new  airport  that  will  solve  either  the  poplution  
air  transport  demands  and  also  will  provide  a  great  level  of  cargo  transport,  allowing  
Jamshedpur  to  keep  expanding  and  increasing  its  importance  and  allowing  TATA  STEEL  to  
amplify  its  field  of  action.  
 
As  the  nearest  competitor,  we  have  BRISA  MUNDI  airport  located  at  5  kms  from  the  city  of  
Ranchi.  Although  its  location  is  pretty  close  to  the  capital  of  the  state  of  Jharkhand,  we  have  
to  remember  that  Jamshedpur  is  the  most  populated  city  in  the  state  so  we  think  that  
offering  servies  of  a  similar  quality  of  Ranchi  airport  we  are  going  to  promote  a  increase  in  
the  air  traffic  of  this  area,  enabling  even  the  airport  to  appear  in  the  ranking  list  of  India,  
removing  the  36th  position  of  Ranchi.  
 
Focused  on  the  cargo  aspect,  our  aim  is  to  transport  the  freight  of  the  11th  largest  Steel  
producing  company  in  the  world  to  most  attractive  point,  having  a  freight  transport  balance  
similar  to  Pune  airport.  
 
Therefore,  it  is  expected  competition  in  the  sense  of  competing  for  serving  a  shared  local  
market,  with  the  airports  in  the  Jharkand  states  and  in  the  close  áreas  but  mainly  the  local  
market  will  be  between  Jamshedpur  and  Ranchi  and  also  providing  the  airport  with  the  
appropiate  cargos  services,  competition  for  cargo  traffic  will  be  probably  another  important  
issue.  
 
 
 CREATIVITY  
One  of  the  strongest  point  of  our  airport,  it  is  creative  design  based  in  Indian  symbols,  whith  
the  aim  of  getting  in  the  Indian  culture  and  its  customs,  apart  of  providing  a  service  for  its  
social  development.    
That’s  why  for  the  design  of  the  passenger’s  terminal  we  get  
inspired  in  the  Hindus  symbol,  being  the  Hindu  religion  the  most  
popular  one  in  India.    
 
In  the  first  place,  we  decided  to  created  in  the  dodecahedron  of  
the  terminal  the  Ashoka  Charkra  symbol,  which  is  Dharma  
Wheel  formed  by  24  spokes  that  make  it  looks  like  a  naval  
Wheel,  but  actually  it  is  a  militar  decoration  which  symbolizes  
the  sacrifice  and  the  fact  of  no  resisting  to  the  change,  and  be  
willing  to  dynamism  and  peaceful  change.  
 
This  symbol  is  also  present  in  the  Indian  flag,  which  the  meaning  of  its  colors  are;  the  saffron  
band  means  that  the  Indian  leaders  have  to  be  indifferent  to  any  material  gains  so  they  can  
dedicates  entirely  to  their  job,  the  White  color  refers  to  the  path  of  the  truth  to  guide  the  
behaviour  and  finally  the  Green  color  represents  prosperity,  vibrance  and  life.  
 
And  the  second  key  of  the  design  is  the  
inspirtation  of  the  hindu  symbol  about    
chakras,    this  religion  attributes  to  this  energy  
points  great  importance  and  it  usually  
represents  all  them  whith  a  human  sitting  
figure  and  that  is  what  we  want  to  simulate  
with  the  shape  of  the  terminal  being  the  
dodecahedron  the  head  of  the  person  and  
the  other  part  the  rest  of  the  body,  the  airport  is  a  structure  of  
divided  regions  for  which  construction  are  needed  the  imagination,  the  power,  the  
understanding  ,  the  order  and  the  wife.  
 
 
 
 
SOCIOLOGICAL  ANALYSIS  
 
 PASSENGERS  EXPECTATIONS  
Passengers  of  Jamshedpur  airport  can  expect  a  good  level  of  service,  provided  by  lounge  
room,  telecom  service  or  drinking  water  and  a  cybercafe,  apart  from  the  shop  zone,  Kiosks  
for  passenger  facilitation  and  prayer  room  due  the  high  numer  of  religious  persons  of  the  
country.  
The  airport  has  well  defined  area  and  also  they  have  information  areas  and  signages  to  guide  
them.  It  is  provided  by  a  rain  water  harvesting  system,  STP  &  ETP  treated  water  being  used  
for  HVAC,  Urinal/WC  flushing  and  horticulture  purposes.  
 
Moreover  they  can  expect  stable  flows  with  aceptable  delays  in  some  ocassions  but  with  a  
good  level  of  confort  too.  Refering  to  the  maximun  waiting  time;  in  the  check-­‐in  they  won’t  
wait  more  than  twelve  minutes,  while  the  bussiness  class  just  wait  a  maximun  of  3  minutes,  
when  they  will  have  to  wait  to  claim  their  baggage,  it  will  last  until  12  minutes  and  finally  
security  controls  just  3  minutes.    
There  is  a  good  combination  of  service  and  infrastructures  that  will  make  the  airport  really  
attractive  for  passengers.  
  
STAFF  MANAGEMENT  
Airport  staff  can  be  organised  in:  
 
-­‐Security  staff  
They  provide  a  safe  and  courteous  environment  for  passengers  as  they  embark  on  their  
jurnets,  operating  X-­‐ray  equipment,  searching  passengers  and  luggage,  and  checking  ID  and  
vehicles.    In  this  category  we  have  from  security  guards,  to  police,  etc.  
 
-­‐Cleaning  staff  
The  cleanign  staff  will  ensure  that  the  infrastructure  state  is  aceptable  for  the  passengers  
demans  and  its  utilization.  
 
-­‐Marketing  staff  
As  we  previously  said,  one  the  most  important  aims  is  to  male  the  airport  profitable,  so  we  
requiere  a  marketing  equipment  to  ensure  the  advertisement  of  the  airport.  
 
-­‐Business  economical  staff  
It’s  important  to  have  staff  charged  of  the  accounting  of  the  whole  airport,  taking  into  
account  the  fees  that  all  the  bussiness  working  on  it  must  pay  or  the  car  park  price  and  
similars.  Also  this  staff  has  to  work  jointly  with  the  business  cargo  stuff  aware  of  the  type  
and  quantity  of  freight  exported  and  imported.  
 
-­‐Airlines  staff  
All  the  airlines  working  in  the  airport  has  it  check-­‐in  counter  with  particular  staff  working  on  
it.  
-­‐Supervisors  
They  will  have  to  be  aware  of  everything  in  the  airport,  being  sure  of  the  safety  and  the  
correct  organization  of  all  the  operations.  
 
-­‐Staff  working  on  the  cargo  center  (jefe-­‐supervisor-­‐agente  
This  category  includes  specific  staff  that  will  run  the  appropiate  controls  for  cargo  check-­‐in,  
and  load  and  unload  for  aircrafts,  being  organised  in  boss,  supervisor  and  operative.  
 
-­‐Staff  working  on  the  control  tower-­‐  
Air  traffic  controllers  have  to  maintain  the  orderly  flow  of  air  traffic,  organising  the  aircraft  
approaches  and  providing  pilot  useful  information  parallel  to  the  help  of  airport  navaids.  
 
-­‐Staff  working  on  hangars  
Hangars  provide  aircrafts  protection  but  also  they  are  used  for  reparing  airlines  fleets,  so  it  is  
required  specific  staff  with  knowledge  about  it  to  commit  the  task.  
 
Summing  up,  this  is  the  main  categories  and  activies  of  the  staff  working  in  our  airport.  
 
TECHNOLOGICAL  ASPECTS:  
Jamshedpur  airport  may  be  contending  annually  around  800000  people  who  travel  around  
the  world.  There  are  approximately  ten  flights  per  day  in  commercial  terms  and  at  least  two  
of  cargo  every  day.  It  is  divided  in  two  main  parts,  that  one  is  related  with  commercial  flights  
and  the  other  that  is  related  with  cargo  aspects.  
Its  recently  construction  makes  that  this  airport  is  consider  one  of  the  most  modernity  
airports  of  the  state.  Internally  the  arrival  zone  it  is  separated  from  the  departure  zone  with  
different  controls  and  exits;  while  the  cargo  place  is  located  a  bit  far  of  the  terminal.  
Nowadays,  climate  effects  are  really  important  by  this  reason  airport  have  solar  panels  in  its  
structure,  decreasing  the  electricity  consumption  and  helping  to  decrease  the  emissions  
which  comes  from  the  use  of  electricity.    
 
LEGAL  ASPECTS:  
The  ISO  14000,  it  is  a  family  of  standards  provides  practical  tools  for  companies  and  
organizations  of  all  kinds  looking  to  manage  their  environmental  responsibilities.  

ISO  14001:2004  and  its  supporting  standards  such  as  ISO  14006:2011  focus  on  
environmental  systems  to  achieve  this.  The  other  standards  in  the  family  focus  on  specific  
approaches  such  as  audits,  communications,  labeling  and  life  cycle  analysis,  as  well  as  
environmental  challenges  such  as  climate  change.  

 
 
 
 
 
ENVIRONMENTAL  ASPECTS:  
Jamshedpur  is  located  at  the  east  of  the  Jhackhand  state  on  a  tableland  surrounded  by  hills  
in  the  Chota  Nagpur  Tableland  area.  It  is  going  along  the  edge  of  the  Sunarnarekha  river  at  
north  and  Kharkai  at  west.  
The  airport  location  is  at  the  left  side  of  the  city  between  one  hill  and  the  rivers  inside  the  
environment.  Distance  Jamshedpur  and  the  city  are  around  5  kilometers.  

Aircraft  noise:  
Noise  disturbance  has  adverse  effects  on  people  who  live  in  zones  close  to  the  airport.  This  
noise  is  not  only  an  acoustic  issue  that  affect  to  the  people  living  around  airport,  it  also  can  
produce  problems  on  neuronal  system  as  fatigue  and  stress,  this  situation  can  conclude  with  
health  problems  like  communication  disturbance.  
Noise  disturbance  is  a  difficult  issue  to  evaluate  as  it  is  open  to  subjective  reactions.  It  has  
significant  adverse  effects  on  people  living  close  to  an  airport,  including:  interference  with  
communication,  sleep  disturbance,  annoyance  responses,  learning  acquisition,  performance  
effects  and  cardiovascular  and  psycho-­‐physiological  effects.  
Noise  levels:  
Noise  levels  are  simulated  with  programs  to  study  them.  This  noise  can  then  be  placed  on  a  
map  to  see  which  communities  are  subjected  to  different  degrees  of  average  noise  levels.    
  Measuring  noise  
The  most  widely  used  unit  for  measuring  noise  levels  is  dB  (A)  -­‐  the  A-­‐weighted  scale  in  
decibels.  This  unit  attempts  to  reflect  human  reaction  to  "loudness".  
 
The  European  Community  proposes  “Lden”  is  the  common  unit  for  measuring  transport  
noise.  Day-­‐evening-­‐night  level  (Lden)  is  based  on  Leq  over  a  whole  day  with  a  penalty  of  10  
dB(A)  for  night  time  noise  (22.00-­‐7.00)  and  an  additional  penalty  of  5  dB(A)  for  evening  noise  
(i.e.  19.00-­‐23.00).  
  A  guide  to  noise  level:  

# normal  conversation  50  -­‐  60  dB(A)  

# a  loud  radio  65  -­‐  75  dB(A)  
# a  busy  street  78  -­‐  85  dB(A)  
# a  heavy  lorry  about  7  metres  away  95  -­‐  100  dB(A)  
# a  pighouse  at  feeding  time  110  dB(A)  
# a  chain  saw  115  -­‐  120  dB(A)  
# a  jet  aircraft  taking  off  25  meters  away  140  dB(A)    

 
 
 
 
  
Aircraft  noise  management  
The  33rd  ICAO  Assembly  adopted  Resolution  A33/7  introducing  the  concept  of  a  ‘balanced  
approach’  to  noise  management,  thereby  establishing  a  policy  approach  to  address  aircraft  
noise.  The  ‘balanced  approach’  concept  of  aircraft  noise  management  comprises  four  
principal  elements  and  requires  careful  assessment  of  all  different  options  to  mitigate  noise,  
including:  
# Reduction  of  aircraft  noise  at  source.  
# Land-­‐use  planning  and  management  measures.  
# Noise  abatement  operational  procedures.  
# Operating  restrictions.  
#  

Local  air  quality  at  airports  

Aviation  air  quality  concerns  are  principally  related  to  the  areas  on  and  around  airports.  
Further,  for  most  airports  the  most  significant  air  quality  related  emissions  presently  come  
from  ground  transport  (cars,  buses,  trains  etc).    
Aircraft  engines  produce  emissions  that  are  similar  to  other  emissions  resulting  from  any  oil  
based  fuel  combustion.  These,  like  any  exhaust  emissions,  can  affect  local  air  quality  at  
ground  level.  
 It  is  emissions  from  aircraft  below  1,000  ft  above  the  ground  (typically  around  3  kilometers  
from  departure  or,  for  arrivals,  around  6  kilometers  from  touchdown)  that  are  chiefly  
involved  in  influencing  local  air  quality.  These  emissions  disperse  with  the  wind  and  blend  
with  emissions  from  other  sources  such  as  domestic  heating  emissions,  factory  emissions  
and  transport  pollution.  
The  chief  local  air  quality  relevant  emissions  attributed  to  aircraft  operations  at  airports  are  
as  follows:  

# Oxides  of  Nitrogen  (NOx).  

# Carbon  Monoxide  (CO).  
# Unburnt  hydrocarbons  (CH4  and  VOCs).  
# Sulphur  Dioxide  (SO2).  
# Fine  Particulate  Matter  (PM10  and  PM2.5).  
# Odour.  

Aviation  emissions  
Water  Vapor:  
Emissions  of  water  vapor  by  the  global  aircraft  fleet  into  the  troposphere  are  small  
compared  with  fluxes  within  the  natural  hydrological  cycle;  however,  the  effects  of  contrails  
and  enhanced  cirrus  formation  must  be  considered.  
Water  vapor  resides  in  the  troposphere  for  about  9  days.  In  the  stratosphere,  the  time  scale  
for  removal  of  any  aircraft  water  emissions  is  longer  (months  to  years)  than  in  the  
troposphere,  and  there  is  a  greater  chance  for  aircraft  emissions  to  increase  the  ambient  
concentration.  Any  such  increase  could  have  two  effects:  a  direct  radioactive  effect  with  a  
consequent  influence  on  climate  and  a  chemical  perturbation  of  stratospheric  ozone  both  
directly  and  through  the  potentially  increased  occurrence  of  polar  stratospheric  clouds  at  
high  latitudes.  
 
Carbon  Dioxide:  
CO2  effect  on  climate  change  is  direct  and  depends  simply  on  its  atmospheric  concentration.  
CO2  molecules  absorb  outgoing  infrared  radiation  emitted  by  the  Earth’s  surface  and  lower  
atmosphere.    
The  amount  of  CO2  formed  from  the  combustion  of  aircraft  fuel  is  determined  by  the  total  
amount  of  carbon  in  the  fuel  because  CO2  is  an  unavoidable  end  product  of  the  combustion  
process  (as  is  water).  The  subsequent  transport  and  processing  of  this  CO2  in  the  
atmosphere  follows  the  same  pathways  as  those  of  other  CO2  molecules  emitted  into  the  
atmosphere  from  whatever  source.    
 
Nitrogen  Oxides  
Aircraft  NOx  emissions  are  best  viewed  as  perturbing  a  web  of  chemical  reactions  with  a  
resultant  impact  on  ozone  concentrations  that  differs  with  location,  season,  and  so  forth.  In  
the  upper  troposphere  and  lower  stratosphere,  aircraft  NOx  emissions  tend  to  cause  
increased  ozone  amounts,  so  increased  ozone  and  its  greenhouse  effects  are  the  main  issues  
for  NOx  emissions  from  subsonic  aircraft.    
Principal  among  these  effects  for  NOx  emissions  is  the  reduction  in  the  atmospheric  lifetime  
and  concentration  of  methane.  On  the  other  hand,  NOx  emissions  at  the  higher  altitudes  (18  
km  or  above)  of  supersonic  aircraft  tend  to  deplete  ozone.  
 
Contrails  
Air  traffic  increases  mainly  in  the  upper  troposphere  where  contrails  form  preferentially,  and  
may  also  occur  as  a  result  of  improvements  in  aircraft  fuel  efficiency.  Contrails  are  triggered  
from  the  water  vapor  emitted  by  aircraft  and  their  optical  properties  depend  on  the  particles  
emitted  or  formed  in  the  aircraft  plume  and  on  the  ambient  atmospheric  conditions.  The  
radioactive  effect  of  contrails  depends  on  their  optical  properties  and  global  cover,  both  of  
which  are  uncertain.  
 
Cirrus  Clouds  
Extensive  cirrus  clouds  have  been  observed  to  develop  after  the  formation  of  persistent  
contrails.  Increases  in  cirrus  cloud  cover  (beyond  those  identified  as  line-­‐shaped  contrails)  
are  found  to  be  positively  correlated  with  aircraft  emissions  in  a  limited  number  of  studies.  
On  average  an  increase  in  cirrus  cloud  cover  tends  to  warm  the  surface  of  the  Earth.    
 
 
 
LEGAL  ASPECTS:  
The  ISO  14000,  it  is  a  family  of  standards  provides  practical  tools  for  companies  and  
organizations  of  all  kinds  looking  to  manage  their  environmental  responsibilities.  

ISO  14001:2004  and  its  supporting  standards  such  as  ISO  14006:2011  focus  on  
environmental  systems  to  achieve  this.  The  other  standards  in  the  family  focus  on  specific  
approaches  such  as  audits,  communications,  labeling  and  life  cycle  analysis,  as  well  as  
environmental  challenges  such  as  climate  change.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AIRPORT  DESIGN  
 
Checking  the  wind  distribution  apart  of  the  geographical  features  of  this  zone,  including  
rivers  and  mountains,  we  have  decided  that  the  best  location  of  our  airport  is  the  one  you  
can  observe  in  the  following  picture,  being  an  airport  of  a  single  runway  and  two  terminal  
buildings,  it  has  a  code  4E  and  in  accordance  with  ICAO’S  codes  it  will  have  VEJS.  

 
 
As  we  have  explained  before,  our  critical  aircraft  is  an  A330-­‐200F  wich  requires  a  take-­‐off  
length  of  2’5km  but  due  to  the  safety  requirements  established  by  the  Federal  Aviation  
Administration  we  increase  it  a  60%  percent  in  case  of  emergence  landing,  so  the  final  
runway  length  will  be  of  4km.  
 
According  to  this  data,  we  assured  that  the  transversal  components  of  the  most  common  
winds  was  smaller  than  37  km/h  and  having  in  mind  that  the  wind  with  most  intensity  of  
probability  to  blow  was  the  one  in  the  south  west  direction,  we  decided  the  presence  of  just  
one  runway.  
 
 
 
  
  -­‐Picture:  Jamshedpur  wind  rose  
 

Hence,  it  is  paved  runway  os  asphalt,  designated  as  06/24  and  having  an  overall  lentgh  of  
4km,  and  width  of  45  m,  also  it  has  no  slope  due  to  good  condition  of  the  soil.  
It  his  provided  with  strips,  in  such  a  way  that  they  are  simetrical  and  are  not  lees  than  60m  
(counting  the  runway  width  and  both  strips)  
Focusing  in  the  taxiways,  the  straight  portion  of  a  taxiway  shall  have  a  width  of  not  less  than  
23m  and  the  rapid  exit  taxiways  are  designed  with  a  radius  of  turn-­‐off  curve  of  at  least  550  
m  to  enable  exit  speeds  under  wet  conditions  of:  C  93  km/h  and  the  intersection  angle  of  a  
rapid  exit  taxiway  with  the  runway  shall  not  be  greater  than  45°  nor  lessthan  25°  and  
preferably  shall  be  30°.  
The  taxiways  design  meets  that,  when  the  cockpit  of  the  aeroplane  for  which  the  taxiway  is  
intended  remains  over  the  taxiway  centre  line  markings,  the  clearance  distance  between  the  
outer  main  wheel  of  the  aeroplane  and  the  edge  of  the  taxiway  is  not  less  than  4,5  m  
Both  headings  of  the  runway  will  be  used  for  the  accomodation  of  the  maximun  number  of  
flights  and  after  going  deep  of  weather  conditions  of  Jamshedpur  and  the  presence  of  
wetlans  of  its  district,  West  Singhbhum,  and  with  the  orientation  of  the  prevailing  wind,  we  
decided  that  only  the  heading  that  will  be  provided  with  ILS,  will  be  the  heading  06,  being  
category  I  .  
 
 
 
 
  
 

 
-­‐  Weather  conditions  of  Jamshedpur,  during  the  last  few  years.  

 
-­‐Change  and  state  of  the  wetland  in  all  the  districts  of  Jharkhand  

 
  

As  it  is  established  the  runway  has  appropiate  marking  as  follow:  

 
 

 
Picture:  Runway  Markings  detail  

Finally  bearing  in  mind  the  night’s  services  those  flight  wich  will  land  and  take-­‐off  during  the  
las  tour  and  first  ones  of  day,  it  has  a  runway  lighting  system  for  ILS  cat  I  like  this:  
 

 
  

TERMINAL  BUILDING  
 
The  design  we  introduce  is  featured  by  its  two  terminal  builidings  situated  at  the  left  zone  of  
the  runway,  and  that  will  be  connected  to  ADITYAPUR-­‐KAND  hyghway  number  32  
byfurcation  to  provide  passenger  the  facility  to  get  to  the  airport’s  parking.  
 
PASSENGER’S  TERMINAL  
It  has  a  passenger’s  terminal  dimensioned  according  to  the  airport’s  peak  hour  data  ,  which  
is  500  passengers  and  also  the  level  of  service  (LOS)  it  is  expected  to  serve  (LOS=C),  so  it  
occupies  an  overall  surface  of  2650  sqm.    It  is  one-­‐story  building  with  arrivals  and  departures  
control  zones  well  divided,  and  then  the    pier  fingers  has  another  plant  to  allow  passengers  
reach  to  their  planes  by  using  airbridges.  
Inside  of  it,  the  main  areas  we  find  are  the  check-­‐in  and  bag-­‐claim,  both  of  600  sqm  followed  
of  the  dodecahedron  shop  zone:  (  in  the  following  picture,  it  is  observed  a  more  detail  
description  of  all  the  dimensions  of  the  terminal  area)  
After  passenger  had  passed  through  controls,  they  will  be  able  to  reach  to  the  embarkation  
and  disembarkation  lounges  situated  on  the  floor  1,  on  the  pier  fingers  of  the  terminal,  by  
the  elevators  conducted  to  the  pier  fingers,  we  opted  for  this  desgin  with  the  aim  of  creating  
a  modern  envioronment  in  the  airport,  also  in  the  current  design  there  are  just  3  pier  fingers  
of  short  dimension  so  expansion  coudl  take  place  if  the  air  traffic  grew.  

 
-­‐In  this  image  we  have  the  dimensions  of  the  passenger’s  terminal  builiding  and  the  parking  
wich  is  situated  behind  it,  and  also  the  main  building  of  the  cargo  terminal  (that  will  be  
explained  more  in  detail  in  the  following  lines)  
 
Having  already  analyzed  its  size,  we  are  going  to  focus  on  the  specific  systems  it  is  provided  
with:  
 
•  Plant  building:  -­‐  2650  Sqm  (one  level),  DG  sets,  HVAC  equipments,  Fire  Fighting  pumps,  
Water  supply  pumps.  
•  Car  Parking  :-­‐  288  Cars  /  PARKING  organised  in  two  front  areas  for  VIP  and  airport  staff    (48  
cars  each  one)  and  the  others  two  for  shor  time  and  long  time  parking  respectively  (96  cars  
each  one)  
•  Peak  hour  handling  capacity  :-­‐  500  pax    
•  HVAC  system  :-­‐  Centralized  air  conditioning  1200  TR  installed  capacity  with  heating  facility  
•  Power  supply  System  :-­‐  33  KV,  4.8  MVA,  3.75  (5  x  0.75)  MVA  DG  sets  
•  CCTV  and  surveillance  system  :-­‐  For  safety  and  security  of  air  passengers  
•  PA  system  :-­‐  Digital  control  with  car  hailing  
•  Common  User  Terminal  Equipment  :-­‐  CUTE  system  for  8  check  in  counters  
•  Baggage  Handling  System  :-­‐  Arrival  –  Attending  to  the  baggage  flow  that  will  be  <1000  bag  
/h,  the  system  will  be  based  on  automated  using  pushers.  
 

 
 
  
 
•  Elevators:-­‐3Nos.  
•  Loading  bridges:-­‐4  Nos,  the  airports  is  provided  with  fixed  briges,  two  for  the  A320  and  
Boeing  787  and  the  other  to  for  ATR-­‐42,72  and    CRJ  700.  
•  Fire  alarm  and  detection  system:  -­‐  Addressable,  microprocessor  control.  
•  Fire  fighting  and  sprinkler  system:  -­‐  With  internal/external  hydrants  
The  fire  security  of  the  airport  is  provided  by  the  fire  department  of  Jharkhand,  concretely  of  
the  station  of  Jamshedpur,  which  designation  is  L/FM  DR.  In  charge  of  Raj  Kishor  Singh  
(0657-­‐2431030  and  9S35924928  are  the  contact  numbers)  and  as  the  airport  has  a  fire  
fighting  category  8,  rules  established  that  3  vehicles  are  required.  
•  LED  powered  Internal/External  signages:  -­‐  For  passenger  information  
•  Hydro  pneumatic  water  supply  system:  -­‐  Feeding  pressurized  water  at  and  water  
treatmentplant  all  outlets  
•  Check-­‐in  counters:  -­‐  8  Nos.  
•  Immigration  counters  :-­‐  6  Nos.(departure  +  arrival)  
•  Custom  counters  :-­‐  2  Nos.(departure  +  arrival)  
•  Restaurant/Snack  bar  :-­‐  7  Nos.  
•  ATM/Bank:  -­‐  2  Nos.  And  Foreign  Exchange  Banks:  -­‐  3  Nos.  
•  Post  office/Car  hire/Hotel/Tourism/  Press  zone/  Prayer  room/  Telecom:  -­‐  Kiosks  for  
passenger  facilitation  
•  Air  lines  ticketing  counters:  -­‐  5  Nos.  
•  Communication  centre:  -­‐  Cyber  cafe  
•  Retiring  rooms:  -­‐  4  Nos.  
•  Toilets  for  differently  abled:  -­‐  9  Nos.  
•  Sustainability  design  features  :-­‐  100  KWp  Solar  Power  Plant,  
Rain  water  harvesting  system,  STP  &  ETP  treated  water  being  used  for  HVAC,  
Urinal/WC  flushing  and  horticulture  purposes.  
 *  The  drainage  system  of  the  airport  is  connected  with  the  one  of  the  city  that  is  provided  
by  TATA  Steel.  
 
 Finally,  it  has  3  specific  points  for  medical  attention  besides  handical  wheelchair  to  allow  the  
equal  treatment  and  attention  for  every  passenger,  and  in  the  terminal’s  facade  we  can  find  
bus  and  taxi  stop.  
 
 These  are  sections  of  the  terminal  floor  in  which  the  past  described  services:  
 

 
 

 
 
  
 
-­‐CARGO  TERMINAL  
 
The  cargo  cargo  of  Jamshedpur’s  airport  
occupies  an  area  of  2213  sqm,  been  able  of  
provide  transporting  services  for  a  máximum  
peak  of  85  tonnes.  
It  is  organised  in  the  following  way:  
-­‐The  main  and  first  building  is  dedicated  from  
the  freight  unloading  that  comes  from  
Lorries.  After  it,  the  freight  is  colocated  in  
pallets  and  pass  through  its  pertinents  
controls,  depeding  on  if  its  destination  is  
national  or  international.  
Finally  the  freight  in  conducted  with  special  tugs  to  load  it  in  their  aircrafts.  
This  building  has  direct  conection  with  the  cargo  apron  and  is  divided  in  two  accesses  for  
exportations  and  importations.  
After  it,  we  find  industrial  warehouses;  being  in  the  first  line  cargo  operatives  and  in  the  
second  line,  office  builiding  managed  by  the  main  cargo  airlines  working  on  the  airport.  
 
 
-­‐THE  HANGAR  
It  has  an  L  size  and  also  a  sliding  door.  
 
-­‐GENERAL  MAP  OF  THE  OVERALL  AIRPORT  
 
 

 
 
NOTE:  We  are  aware  about  the  real  scale  of  our  airport,  a  conscious  that  in  real  life  the  
runway  would  much  larger  than  the  one  represented  in  the  map  above,  but  choose  this  
representacion  to  give  a  general  idea  of  the  whole  distribution  of  the  airport.  
 
 
 
 
 
SYSTEMS  
 
NDB/ADF:  Non  Directional  Beacons/Automatic  Direction  Finder    
Automatic  Direction  Finder  or  ADF  provide  an  aircraft  bearing  with  respect  to  a  ground  
station,  which  is  known  as  NDB  or  Non-­‐Directional  Beacon.The  radio  signal  is  broadcasted  in  
Low  Frequency  (190-­‐415  kHz)  and  Medium  Frequency  (510  –  536  kHz).  Our  ADF  will  be  of  
Low  Frequency  similar  to  the  ADF  or  the  Ranchi  airport  that  has  a  frequency  of  285  KHz.  
NDB  transmits  a  Morse  code  that  identifies  the  beacon.  They  are  also  capable  of  voice  
transmission.  

 
The  ADF  bearing  angle  is  shown  below:  

 
ADF  can  be  used  to:  

• Position  the  aircraft  on  the  map  

• To  follow  a  track  with  crosswind    
• To  fly  away    
• To  an  NDB  
 
The  simplest  and  oldest  way  to  detect  the  direction  of  the  NDB  is  to  rotate  a  square  loop  
antenna  or  Adcock  antenna  (two  vertical  parallel  wires  –  counter-­‐phase)  until  the  received  
signal  be  minimum  (convention  –  safer  than  maximum).  
The  radiation  pattern  (a  graphic  describing  the  relative  electromagnetic  field  strength  
transmitted  from  or  received  by  the  antenna)  of  this  antenna  is  the  so  called  a  “Figure  8”  
pattern,  which  has  two  nulls.  With  two  nulls  you  have  an  ambiguity  because  you  don´t  know  
which  of  the  two  is  the  correct  position.  

 
To  solve  this  ambiguity  and  obtain  a  single  directional  pattern  a  second  antenna  is  used.  This  
sense  antenna  is  an  omnidirectional  antenna,  whose  electronic  signal  is  shifted  +90º  or  -­‐90º  
to  obtain  a  cardioid  pattern  that  has  only  one  null.  
 
VOR:VHF  Omnidirectional  Radio  Range  
VOR  or  VHF  Omnidirectional  Range  is  a  Ground  station  oriented  to  magnetic  north,  providing  
azimuth  information  to  the  aircraft.  
Its  main  capabilities  are:      
1. VHF  transmission  band  –  108.0-­‐117.95  (The  same  frequency  band  as  the  ILS,  usually  
they  share  the  same  receiver).  Our  VOR  will  have  a  frequency  between  of  115.40  
MHz  and  116.90  MHz  that  are  the  measures  of  the  actual  Jamshedpur  and  Ranchi  
airports,  respectively.      
a. The  theoretical  working  range  is  limited  by  the  Line  Of  Sight  (LOS)  distance.  
2. Positioning.  
a. One  VOR  station  allows  to  define  one  Line  Of    Position  (LOP)  at  a  time  
b. Two  VOR  stations  (receivers)  give  two  LOPs  (a  fix).  
c. VOR  +  DME  =  LOP  and  Arc  (a  fix)  
  
VOR  transmits  specific  bearing  information  (azimuth  angles)  called  radials.Aircrafts  fly  to  
radials,  from  radials  or  intercept  a  radial.  
 

 
 
ILS,  Instrument  Landing  System:  
ILS  is  a  radio  aid  to  the  final  approach  and  is  used  only  within  a  short  distance  from  the  
airport.  The  ILS  Approach  Autopilot  allows  the  automatic  landing  in  very  adverse  
meteorological  conditions  (depending  on  the  CAT  level  of  the  airport  and  the  aircraft  
system).  It  uses  two  navigation  aid  radio  signals  LOC  (Localizer)  which  indicates  the  
centreline  of  the  runaway  and  GLS  (Glide  Slope)  which  indicates  and  vertical  angle  of  3º  
(approx)  to  the  runaway.  
It  advantages  are:  
1) To  guide  the  pilot  during  the  approach  and  landing.    

2) It  is  very  helpful  when  visibility  is  limited  and  the  pilot  cannot  see  the  airport  and  
runway.  

3) To  provide  an  aircraft  with  a  precision  final  approach.  

4) To  provide  an  aircraft  guidance  to  the  runway  both  in  the  horizontal  and  vertical  
planes.  

5) To  help  the  aircraft  to  a  runway  touchdown  point.  

6) To  increase  safety  and  situational  awareness.  

 
 
Main  components:  
ILS  provides  vertical  and  lateral  guidance:  
a) Vertical  guidance  provided  by  another  signal  called  the  Glide  Slope  (329-­‐335  MHz)  

b) Lateral  guidance  provided  by  a  signal  called  the  Localizer  (108-­‐112  MHz)  

c) Distance  along  the  approach  path  provided  by  marker  beacons  (75  MHz)  

ILS  provides  vertical  and  lateral  guidance:  Localizer,  Glide  Path  and  Marker  Beacons.  
 
 
Localizer:  
Localizer  transmits  two  signals  which  overlap  at  the  centre.  The  left  side  has  a  90  Hz  
modulation  and  the  right  has  a  150  Hz  modulation.  The  overlap  area  provides  the  on-­‐track  
signal.   For  
example,  if  an  aircraft  approaching  the  runway  
centre  line  from  the  right,  it  will  receive  more  of   the  
150  Hz  modulation  than  90Hz  modulation.  
Difference  in  Depth  of  Modulation  will  energizes   the  
vertical  needle  of  ILS  indicator.  Thus,  aircraft  will   be  
given  the  direction  to  GO  LEFT.  
    Image1:  Localizer,  Horizontal  Guidance.  
 
Glide  Path:  
Glide  path  produces  two  signals  in  the  vertical  plane.  The  upper  has  a  90  Hz  modulation  and  
the  bottom  has  a  150  Hz  modulation.  
For  example,  if  an  aircraft  approaching  the  runway  too  high,  it  will  receive  more  of  the  90  Hz  
modulation  than  150Hz  modulation.  Difference  in  Depth  of  Modulation  will  energizes  the  
horizontal  needle  of  ILS  indicator.  Thus,  aircraft  will  be  given  the  direction  to  GO  DOWN.  
 
   
 
 
Image  2:  Glide  Path,  Vertical  Guidance.  
 
 
 
  
Marker  Beacons:  
There  are  three  possible  Marker  Beacons:  Outer,  Middle  and  Inner.  Marker  Beacons  operate  
at  a  carrier  frequency  of  75  MHz.  When  the  transmission  from  a  marker  beacon  is  received  it  
activates  an  indicator  on  the  pilot's  instrument  panel.  
Outer  marker:      
The  outer  marker  should  be  located  about  7.2  km  from  the  threshold.  The  modulation  is  
repeated  Morse-­‐style  dashes  of  a  400  Hz  tone.  The  cockpit  indicator  is  a  blue  lamp  that  
flashes  accordingly  with  the  received  audio  code.    
Middle  marker:    
Ideally,  at  a  distance  of  1050m  from  the  threshold.  The  middle  marker  should  be  located  so  
as  to  indicate  plane,  in  low  visibility  conditions.  
Inner  marker:      
This  is  typically  the  position  of  an  aircraft  on  the  ILS  as  it  reaches  Category  II  minima.  The  
cockpit  indicator  is  a  white  lamp  that  flashes  in  accordingly  with  the  received  audio  code.    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Image  3:  ILS  Marker  Beacon  System.  
 
We  have  chosen  and  ILS  of  category  one  as  we  had  explain  in  other  part  of  the  report.    
DME,  Distance  Measurement  Equipment:  
DME  is  a  radio  navigation  aid  that  measures  Slant  Range  or  Slant  Distance  (S).  Its  main  
capabilities  are:      
1. Operates  between  962  and  1213  MHz  (UHF).  

a. The  theoretical  working  range  is  limited  by  the  Line  Of  Sight  (LOS)  distance.  

 
 2. Positioning.  

a. It  can  operate  alone  as  DME  to  define  a  range  or  distance.  

b. It  can  be  combined:  VOR/DME  or  VORTAC  =  LOP  and  Arc  (a  fix).  

c. Or  it  can  be  used  with  the  Instrument  Landing  Systems.  

Range  measurement:  
The  measurement  is  based  on  (secondary)  Radar  principle:  
1. Airborne  unit  (interrogator)  sends  a  pair  of  pulses  

2. Ground  station  (transponder)  receives  pulses  

3. After  short  delay  (50  µs)  ground  station  resends  the  pulses  back  

4. Airborne  unit  receives  the  signal  and  calculates  range  by  using  an  equation.  

 Interrogator  has  two  main  modes:  

a) Search  mode.  Try  to  synchronize  with  the  ground  station  and  distinguish  its  sequence  
from  sequences  of  others  A/C.  Varies  randomly  the  number  of  Pair  Pulses  per  Second  
(pp/s)  up  to  a  maximum  150  pp/s  and  check  for  matches  from  ground  station.  

b) Track  Mode.  Once  synchronized  the  interrogator  changes  to  this  mode  and  start  
distance  measurement.  Maximum  pp/s  is  reduced.    

 
Slant  Range:  
1. S,  the  Slant  Range  or  Slant  Distance  is  the  distance  between  the  DME  station  and  the  
AC.  

2. The  relationship  between  A  and  D,  the  ground  distance  is  shown  in  the  figure.  

3. If  S  >>  A  then  S≅D,  if  S≥5A  then  the  error  is  2%,  but  if  S=A  the  measure  is  the  altitude  
of  the  plane.  

 
 
 
 
Image  4:  DME  Process.  
 
  
AIRPORT  BUDGET  
The  total  investment  of  this  project,  as  we  have  previously  said  is  partially  funded  for  TATA  
STEEL  (around  60  %)  ,  under  the  agree  of  serving  the  majority  of  its  cargo  demands.  
 
Even  so  here  we  provide  the  total  amount  that  we  have  estimated,  after  doing  some  
researches  and  comparisons  with  some  spanish's  projects  (taking  into  account  the  cheaper  
labor  or  land  edification  price,  but  also  the  expensive  transportation  of  all  the  airport  
systems  and  some  exclusive  materials),  around  135  millions  of  euros,  that  in  the  indian  
currency  is  equal  to  9400,3  millions  of  rupias.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONCLUSION  
Watching  to  the  future,  and  the  economic  growth  that  India  will  experiment  in  the  following  
years,  we  have  provided  Jamshedpur  city  and  also,  all  the  citizens  of  the  nearest  zones  an  
airport  of  medium  capacity  in  terms  of  passengers,  but  highly  prepared,  that  do  not  close  it  
doors  to  possible  expansions.  
What’s  more,  we  are  sure  that  its  construction  will  improve  and  help  the  local  economy  and  
as  travel  by  air  is  each  day  becoming  more  popular  and  common,  more  passengers  will  be  
decided  to  travel  so  new  demands  will  be  required  leading  to  the  construction  of,  even  a  
three-­‐story  terminal  building,  an  improvement  of  the  systems  or  an  expansion  of  the  
capabilities  of  the  cargo  terminal.