Yrcdhgjljhktc Gh ]hdhpdjôk y Hktrh`b

Gblcs b dckcdhr nbs dclphthkdjbs gh nb phrsckb quh tjhkh nb rhspcksbmjnjgbg

gh ebdhr nb rhdhpdjôk gh ncs vheìduncs hk hn tbnnhr.

Ghktrc ghn âlmjtc ghn tbnnhr, hn bshscr c rhdhpdjckjs

rhdhpdjckjstb
tb ghmh thkhr ncs dckcdjljhktcs
dckcdjljhktcs
khdhsbrjcs tbktc hk nc têdkjdc dclc hk ebmjnjgbghs mnbkgbs crjhktbgbs bn dnjhkth pbrb quh hn
shrvjdjc shb gh dbnjgbg b pbrtjr gh hsh lclhktc.

 Bsì, ghktrc gh nbs

nbs fukdjckhs pr
prjkdjpbnhs
jkdjpbnhs ghn
ghn bshscr hstâk nb bthkdjôk g
gjrhdtb
jrhdtb gh dnjhk
dnjhkths,
ths,
rhdhpdjôk gh vheìduncs, `hkhrbdjôk gh vhktbs bgjdjckbnhs (dclc gh bddhscrjcs, lhdâkjdb,
dbrrcdhrìb y pjkturb), sh`ujljhktc y dcktrcn ghn bvbkdh gh nbs rhpbrbdjckhs hk prcdhsc y
sh`ujljhktc gh jkfcrlbdjôk bn dnjhkth scmrh hn prcdhsc gh rhpbrbdjôk.

Ycr dcksj`ujhkth, nbs fukdjckhs ghn bshscr gh shrvjdjc su`jhrhk ukbs dclphthkdjbs quh
ghmh thkhr gurbkth hn ghsbrrcnnc gh nb nbmcr gjbrjb y quh puhghk gbr rhspuhstb b ukb gh nbs
prh`uktbs lâs frhduhkths quh sur`hk hk hn tbnnhr1 ³pcr quê sh prhshktbk ncs rhtcrkcs y nbs

`brbktìbs3 Tj hn tbnnhr hvbnñb ebstb ncs phquhòcs ghtbnnhs dclhkzbrâ b dckcdhr pcr quê kc
hs hfhdtjvc hk nbs rhpbrbdjckhs b nb prjlhrb vhz.

Hn Yrcmnhlb Ruhgô Lbn Tcnudjckbgc C

Lbn Gjb`kcstjdbgc
Nb rhspuhstb b hstb `rbk prh`uktb puhgh hstbr hk sj hn bshscr gh shrvjdjc kc tjhkh sufjdjhkth
prhpbrbdjôk têdkjdb pcrquh, gh shr bsì, sh jkdurrh hk frhduhkths prcmnhlbs gh lbn
gjb`kôstjdc. Hk dckshduhkdjb, hs jlpcrtbkth quh hn bshscr gh shrvjdjc thk`b muhkcs
dckcdjljhktcs têdkjdcs quh nh phrljtbk bdhrtbr hk hn gjb`kôstjdc.

 Bn`ukcs tbnnhrhs
tbnnhrhs dulpnhk hstb fbnhkdjb nnblbkgc
nnblbkgc bn têdkjdc pbrb quh
quh scpcrth bn b bshscr
shscr gh
shrvjdjc y, sj mjhk hs djhrtc quh lhacrb hn kjvhn gh rhdnblcs pcr rhtcrkcs hn tbnnhr, sh
gjsljkuyh grâstjdblhkth nb prcgudtjvjgbg ghn tbnnhr yb quh hn têdkjdc hstâ jkvjrtjhkgc uk
tjhlpc quh ghspuês nh shrâ jlpcsjmnh rhduphrbr. Ycr hstb rbzôk hn bshscr ghmh prhpbrbrsh
y bdtubnjzbrsh tbktc dclc ncs têdkjdcs.

Thrvjdjc Bn Dnjhkth
Ghktrc ghn prcdhsc gh rhdhpdjôk ghn vheìdunc hn bshscr gh shrvjdjc ghmh bdcrgbr dck hn
guhòc ghn vheìdunc uk pnbzc gh hktrh`b y pbrb hnnc ghmh thkhr hk duhktb, hk prjlhr nu`br, hn
tjhlpc quh sh ghlcrbk ncs gjfhrhkths trbmbacs dclprclhtjgcs dck hn dnjhkth.
 

Wblmjêk ghmh dckdjnjbr dck hn ahfh gh tbnnhr hn kjvhn gh dbr`b gh trbmbac ghn pbtjc, hn kñlhrc
gh têdkjdcs dck ncs quh duhktb y gjspckjmjnjgbg. Ycr hstb rbzôk sh bprhdjb quh ludecs
tbnnhrhs hstbmnhdhk hn lbkhac gh nb dbr`b gh trbmbac pcr ecrbs, dck nc dubn sh puhgh
dubktjfjdbr tcgc hn trbmbac y dcktrcnbr nb prcgudtjvjgbg.

Wblmjêk hs khdhsbrjc thkhr hk duhktb ncs tjhlpcs gh dckshdudjôk gh rhpuhstcs (hk dbsc
gh kc thkhrncs gjspckjmnhs hk hn tbnnhr), hn tjhlpc ghn dcktrcn gh dbnjgbg, ncs pcsjmnhs trbmbacs
jlprhvjstcs y hn hlmhnnhdjljhktc ghn vheìdunc pbrb nb hktrh`b.

Dclphthkdjbs Bgljkjstrbtjvbs

Hk `hkhrbn hn bshscr gh shrvjdjc ghn tbnnhr ghmh thkhr fnujghz hk hn lbkhac gh dnjhkths,
sh`ujljhktc b ncs prcdhscs y lbkhac gh jkgjdbgcrhs, bghlâs gh thkhr luy dnbrb nb
jlpcrtbkdjb gh nb crghk gh shrvjdjc tbktc hk hn prcdhsc gh rhdhpdjôk dclc hk hn gh
rhpbrbdjôk.

Tudhgh quh nb crghk gh shrvjdjc hs prâdtjdblhkth uk dcktrbtc quh sh hfhdtñb hktrh hn

dnjhkth y hn tbnnhr, gckgh dbgb ukc bsulh sus cmnj`bdjckhs1 hn tbnnhr sh dclprclhth b
rhpbrbr nbs bvhrìbs butcrjzbgbs pcr hn dnjhkth (phrsckbn c bsh`urbgcrb) y hn dnjhkth sh cmnj`b
b pb`br nb rhpbrbdjôk gh nbs ljslbs.

Hk hsth gcdulhktc hn bshscr gh shrvjdjc ghmh bpuktbr gh fcrlb dnbrb ncs gjfhrhkths
prcmnhlbs ghn dbrrc y quh ebybk sjgc butcrjzbgcs pcr hn dnjhkth pbrb rhpbrbr.

Hk hn prcdhsc gh hktrh`b hstb crghk sh utjnjzb dclc hn gcdulhktc gh scpcrth pbrb

prhshktbrnh bn dnjhkth nbs gjfhrhkths hxpnjdbdjckhs ghn trbmbac hfhdtubgc.

Ycsthrjcrlhkth, nh phrljth bn tbnnhr nnhvbr uk rh`jstrc gh nbs gjfhrhkths rhpbrbdjckhs quh sh

Ycsthrjcrlhkth,
ebk nnhvbgc b dbmc hk hn vheìdunc, dck hn cmahtjvc gh thkhr uk ejstcrjbn gh lbkthkjljhktc ghn
butclôvjn. Lhgjbkth hsth gcdulhktc, hn tbnnhr hxtrbh nb jkfcrlbdjôk pbrb dcktrcnbr ncs
gjfhrhkths jkgjdbgcrhs gh `hstjôk tbktc gh nb pnbktb hk `hkhrbn dclc gh dbgb ukc gh ncs
têdkjdcs.

Tuphrvjsjôk h jlprhvjstcs

Hn bshscr tjhkh dclc cmahtjvc prjkdjpbn lbkthkhr sjhlprh mbac dcktrcn dbgb ukc gh ncs
vheìduncs quh fuhrck ghabgcs hk hn tbnnhr mbac su rhspcksbmjnjgbg. Bsì, hk dbsc gh hkdcktrbr
jlprhvjstcs ghktrc ghn trbksdursc gh nb rhpbrbdjôk
rhpbrbdjôk,, tjhkh nb cmnj`bdjôk gh jkfcrlbrnh bn
 

dnjhkth, tbktc hn dcstc gh hstb kuhvb rhpbrbdjôk quh kc sh hkdcktrbmb jkdnujgb hk hn

prhsupuhstc jkjdjbn, dclc hn tjhlpc bgjdjckbn quh sh dcksuljrâ hk hsth jlprhvjstc.

Ycr dcksj`ujhkth, ghmh dcktrcnbr dckstbkthlhkth hn bvbkdh gh ncs trbmbacs butcrjzbgcs dck
hn fjk gh lbkthkhr dckstbkthlhkth jkfcrlbgc b su dnjhkth, hstbr jkfcrlbgc gh ncs trbmbacs
quh sh ghsbrrcnnbk fuhrb ghn tbnnhr.

Ycr hstb rbzôk hs jlpcrtbkth quh sh byugh dck hn tbmnhrc gh dcktrcn (rhspcksbmjnjgbg ghn
 ahfh gh tbnnhr),
tbnnhr), hk gckgh nh quhgh
quhgh fâdjn umjdbr
umjdbr nb sjtubdjôk
sjtubdjôk gh dbgb ukc
ukc gh ncs vheìdu
vheìduncs
ncs quh
tjhkh b dbr`c. Kc ghmh dckfjbr hk su lhlcrjb, pcrquh ukb vhz hktrh`b jkfcrlbdjôk b su
dnjhkth, sj hstb hs jkdcrrhdtb, nb dckshduhkdjb
dckshduhkdjb puhgh shr ghsbstrcsb.

Dcktrcn Gh Dbnjgbg Fjkbn

Nb fukdjôk ghn bshscr hs vhrjfjdbr sj tcgcs ncs trbmbacs fuhrck hahdutbgcs y sj hn vheìdunc sh
hkduhktrb hk dckgjdjckhs pbrb shr hktrh`bgc. Tj hs khdhsbrjc, sh ghmhk ebdhr nbs pruhmbs
gh dbrrhthrb y, sj ncs trbmbacs hahdutbgcs kc sck sbtjsfbdtcrjcs, hn vheìdunc ghmh shr ghvuhntc

bn ârhb gh rhpbrbdjckhs.

Ghsgh nuh`c ghmh vhrjfjdbr nb njlpjhzb ghn vheìdunc tbktc jkthrkb dclc hxthrkb, ghmh ebdhr
fukdjckbr ncs gjfhrhkths sjsthlbs dclc hn lctcr, ncs frhkcs y nbs gjfhrhkths pbrths
hnhdtrclhdâkjdbs,
hnhdtrclhdâ kjdbs, bsì dclc vhrjfjdbr quh ncs sjsthlbs bddhscrjcs hstêk fukdjckbkgc
fukdjckbkgc..

Hktrh`b Ghn vheìdunc

Hk hn lclhktc gh hktrh`br hn vheìdunc bn dnjhkth hs luy jlpcrtbkth ebdhrnh dbhr hk duhktb

gh nb dbpbdjgbg têdkjdb y ghn muhk ghshlphòc ghn tbnnhr hk hn ghsbrrcnnc gh ncs trbmbacs

butcrjzbgcs. Ghktrc gh ncs gjfhrhkths bsphdtcs quh sh ghmhk thkhr hk duhktb hstâ quh nbs
butcrjzbgcs.
rhpbrbdjckhs fuhrck dckdnujgbs hk hn tjhlpc prclhtjgc, quh nb fbdturb yb sh hkduhktrb
prhpbrbgb (prhnjqujgbdjôk) y quh nb njlpjhzb ghn vheìdunc hs phrfhdtb, tbktc quh kc hxjstbk
vhstj`jcs gh ebmhr rhbnjzbgc ukb rhpbrbdjôk.

Hs jlpcrtbkth hxpnjdbrnh bn dnjhkth dbgb trbmbac hahdutbgc, duânhs pjhzbs c hnhlhktcs fuhrck
sustjtujgcs, lcstrbr ncs rhpuhstcs quh fuhrck dblmjbgcs y dôlc sh hahdutô hn
prcdhgjljhktc.
prcdhgjljh ktc. Tuljkjstrh nb njstb gh trbmbacs kc butcrjzbgcs c ghthdtbgcs hk nbs gjfhrhkths
htbpbs gh trbmbac quh shbk khdhsbrjcs pbrb ukb pcsthrjcr jkthrvhkdjôk.

Tj dcksjghrb khdhsbrjc sh ghmh ebdhr ukb pruhmb gh rutb dck hn dnjhkth. Th ghmh rhdcrgbr bn
dnjhkth hn tjhlpc y ncs gjfhrhkths dujgbgcs quh eby quh cmshrvbr pbrb lbkthkhr nb `brbktìb
gh ncs trbmbacs rhbnjzbgcs y b`rbghdhrnh pcr hnh`jrncs y quhgbr sjhlprh b su gjspcsjdjôk.
 

Dbmh dckdnujr quh, hk `hkhrbn, nbs dclphthkdjbs quh ghmhrìb thkhr hn bshscr gh shrvjdjc ghn
tbnnhr sh rhsulhk hk lbkhac y shrvjdjc bn dnjhkth? dckcdjljhktcs têdkjdcs hk lhdâkjdb
dbrrcdhrìb, pjkturb y vbncrbdjôk? vhktb dcksuntjvb? sh`ujljhktc y dcktrcn gh dbnjgbg b ncs
prcdhscs? y dckcdjljh
dckcdjljhktcs
ktcs hk bsuktcs bgljkjstrbtjvcs.
bgljkjstrbtjvcs.

Th`ujljhktc

Dbgb gìb sh vuhnvh khdhsbrjc rhbnjzbr uk sh`ujljhktc bn dnjhkth. Dcksjsth hk hfhdtubr ukb
nnblbgb ghktrc gh ncs trhs gìbs sumsj`ujhkths b nb hktrh`b ghn vheìdunc.

Hk nb nnblbgb hn tbnnhr ghmh thkhr hstbmnhdjgcs ncs gjfhrhkths bsphdtcs quh ghshb hkduhstbr
ghn shrvjdjc ghn tbnnhr, prh`uktbs quh byugbrâk hk hn prcdhsc gh lhacrbljhktc dcktjkuc.

 Bn`ukbs gh hnnbs puhgh

puhghk
k shr1

• ³Hn shrvjdjc b su nnh`bgb bn tbnnhr fuh cpcrtukc3

• ³Hn bshscr gh shrvjdjc fuh dnbrc hk ncs gjfhrhkths bsphdtcs hk hn lclhktc gh nb rhdhpdjôk3

• ³Hn bshscr gh shrvjdjc nc lbktuvc jkfcrlbgc gurbkth nb hstbgìb ghn vheìdunc hk hn tbnnhr3

• ³Hk nb rhpbrbdjôk sh prhshktbrck jlprhvjstcs kc dckthlpnbgcs jkjdjbnlhkth3

• ³Nh fuh jkfcrlbgc pcr pbrth ghn bshscr gh shrvjdjc hn dcstc y hn tjhlpc bgjdjckbn quh sh
hlpnhbrìb hk nb rhpbrbdjôk ghn jlprhvjstc3

• ³Fuhrck rhpbrbgcs tcgcs ncs ìthls quh scnjdjtô bn tbnnhr3

• ³Hn vheìdunc nh fuh hktrh`bgc hk muhkbs dckgjdjckhs gh bshc3

• ³Hn bshscr gh shrvjdjc nh hxpnjdô nb duhktb hk hn lclhktc gh nb hktrh`b3

• ³Hn bshscr gh shrvjdjc nh dulpnjô dck nb fhdeb y ecrb gh hktrh`b dclprclhtjgb3 ◤