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Realizar el diseño para el puente de losa maciza simplemente apoyado mostrado en la Figura 01,
la luz medida entre ejes de apoyos es de 10 m, la carga viva de diseño es HL-93. El ancho de la
calzada es de 9 m, se prevee la colocacion de una carpeta asfaltica de 50 mm de espesor, el
concreto a usar en la losa es de f'c = 280 kg/cm2 y fy = 4200 kg/cm2. La vereda tiene un ancho de
1.25 m, y la baranda tiene un peso por metro lineal de 150 kg/m. Use un nivel de exposición
agresivo para el control de fisuras.
(a)
(b)
(c)
I. DATOS DE ENTRADA
kgf
f'c ≔ 280 ―― Resistencia a la compresión del concreto
cm 2
kgf
fy ≔ 4200 ―― Limite de fluencia del acero pasivo
cm 2
kgf
Es ≔ 2.039 ⋅ 10 6 ―― Modulo de elasticidad del acero
cm 2
kgf
γc ≔ 2500 ―― Peso especifico del concreto
m3
kgf
γa ≔ 2200 ―― Peso especifico del asfalto
m3
tonnef
pb ≔ ((0.676 + 0.15)) ――― Peso por unidad de longitud de la vereda y baranda
m
II. SOLUCION
⎛ L + 10 ft ⎞
hmin ≔ 1.2 ⋅ ⎜―――⎟ = 521.92 mm
⎝ 30 ⎠
h ≔ 550 mm
L = 32.808 ft
W = 37.73 ft
L1 ≔ min ((L , 60 ft )) = 10 m
⎛ L 1 W1 ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ES ≔ ⎜10 + 5 ― ⋅ ―― ⎟ ⋅ in = 4.238 m
⎜⎝ ft ft ⎟⎠
⎛ Wlane ⎞
NL ≔ trunc ⎜――⎟ = 2
⎝ 12 ft ⎠
⎛⎛ L 1 W1 ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ W⎞
EM ≔ min ⎜⎜84 + 1.44 ― ⋅ ―― ⎟ ⋅ in , ―― ⎟ = 3.42 m
⎜⎝⎜⎝ ft ft ⎟⎠ NL ⎟⎠
1. Máximo Momento
Camión:
L
x ≔ ―+ 2.33 ft
2
‖ x ⋅ ((L - x)) |
MTr ≔ ‖ y2 ← ―――― |
‖ L |
‖ if x ≤ 14 ft | |
‖ ‖ | |
‖ ‖ y1 ← 0 ft | |
‖ else | |
‖ ‖ | |
‖ ‖ y2 | |
‖ ‖ y1 ← ―⋅ ((x - 14 ft )) | |
‖ ‖ x | |
‖ if ((L - x)) ≤ 14 ft ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ y3 ← 0 ft ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ y2 ||
(
‖ ‖ y3 ← ――⋅ (L - x - 14 ft ) | |)
‖ ‖ L-x ||
‖ ⎛⎝32 y1 + 32 y2 + 8 y3⎞⎠ ⋅ kip |
‖ |
Tándem:
L
x ≔ ―+ 1 ft
2
‖ x ⋅ ((L - x)) |
MTa ≔ ‖ y1 ← ―――― |
‖ L |
‖ if x ≤ 4 ft ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ y2 ← 0 ft ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ y1 ||
‖ ‖ y2 ← ―⋅ ((x - 4 ft )) | |
‖ ‖ x ||
‖ ⎛⎝25 y1 + 25 y2⎞⎠ ⋅ kip |
‖ |
Carril:
kip
0.64 ―― ⋅ L2
ft
MLa ≔ ―――――
8
1. Franja Interior
MLL_IM
MLL_IM_FI ≔ ―――
E
1
MLL_IM_FI = 22.921 tonnef ⋅ m ⋅ ―
m
2. Franja de Borde
⎛ E ⎞
EFB ≔ min ⎜wb + 12 in + ―, 72 in ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠
EFB = 1.829 m
MLL_IM
1.0 ―――
2
MLL_IM_FB ≔ ――――
EFB
1
MLL_IM_FB = 21.435 tonnef ⋅ m ⋅ ―
m
1. Franja Interior
DC
tonnef 1
Losa de concreto wl ≔ h ⋅ γc = 1.375 ――― ⋅―
m m
wl ⋅ L 2 1
MDC_FI ≔ ――― = 17.188 tonnef ⋅ m ⋅ ―
8 m
DW ⎛ Wlane ⎞ tonnef 1
Asfalto wa ≔ ha ⋅ γa ⋅ ⎜――⎟ = 0.086 ――― ⋅―
⎝ W ⎠ m m
2 pb tonnef 1
Vereda y baranda wv_b ≔ ―― = 0.144 ――― ⋅―
W m m
⎛⎝wa + wv_b⎞⎠ ⋅ L 2 1
MDW_FI ≔ ―――――= 2.872 tonnef ⋅ m ⋅ ―
8 m
2. Franja de Borde
DC
tonnef 1
Losa de concreto wl_b ≔ h ⋅ γc = 1.375 ――― ⋅―
m m
2
wl_b ⋅ L 1
MDC_FB ≔ ―――= 17.188 tonnef ⋅ m ⋅ ―
8 m
DW ⎛ Wlane ⎞ tonnef 1
Asfalto wa ≔ ha ⋅ γa ⋅ ⎜――⎟ = 0.086 ――― ⋅―
⎝ W ⎠ m m
2 pb tonnef 1
Vereda y baranda wv_b ≔ ―― = 0.144 ――― ⋅―
W m m
⎛⎝wa + wv_b⎞⎠ ⋅ L 2 1
MDW_FB ≔ ―――――= 2.872 tonnef ⋅ m ⋅ ―
8 m
1. Datos de varillas
ORIGIN ≔ 1
Numero de varilla Diámetro de varilla Área de varilla
⎡ 3 ⎤ ⎡ 9.5 ⎤ ⎡ 71 ⎤
⎢ 4 ⎥ ⎢ 12.7 ⎥ ⎢ 129 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
5 15.9 ⎥ 199 ⎥
num ≔ ⎢ ⎥ diam ≔ ⎢ mm area ≔ ⎢ mm 2
⎢ 6 ⎥ ⎢ 19.1 ⎥ ⎢ 284 ⎥
⎢ 8 ⎥ ⎢ 25.4 ⎥ ⎢ 510 ⎥
⎢⎣ 11 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 34.9 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 1006 ⎥⎦
2. Propiedades de Sección
re ≔ 25 mm Recubrimiento
b ⋅ h3
Ig ≔ ――= 0.014 m 4 Inercia bruta de la sección transversal
12
h
yt ≔ ―= 0.275 m distancia del centroide a la fibra en tracción
2
3. Diseño de refuerzo
Ig
Snc ≔ ― Modulo de sección no compuesta en fibra extrema traccionada
yt
Snc = 0.05 m 3
‾‾‾‾
f'c
fr ≔ 0.24 ―― ⋅ ksi Esfuerzo máximo del concreto a tracción
ksi AASTHO LRFD 5.4.2.6
kgf
fr = 33.674 ――
cm 2
fcpe ≔ 0 ksi Esfuerzo de compresión en el concreto en la fibra extrema a
tracción debido a las fuerza de preesfuerzo efectiva
Mdnc ≔ 0 tonnef ⋅ m Momento no factorado por carga permanente que actúa en la
sección no compuesta
Sc ≔ Snc Modulo de sección compuesta en fibra extrema traccionada
⎛ ⎛ Sc ⎞⎞
Mcr ≔ γ3 ⋅ ⎜⎛⎝γ1 ⋅ fr + γ2 ⋅ fcpe⎞⎠ ⋅ Sc - Mdnc ⋅ ⎜―― - 1⎟⎟ Momento critico de agrietamiento
⎝ ⎝ Snc ⎠⎠ AASTHO LRFD 5.7.3.3.2
Mcr = 18.199 tonnef ⋅ m
Por lo tanto el momento con el que se diseña será el mayor de Mu1 y Mu2
Mu = 65.904 tonnef ⋅ m
ρmax = 0.0214
1 ⎛ 2 m1 ⋅ Ku ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρreq ≔ ――⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ―――⎟ = 0.00709
m1 ⎜⎝ ϕf ⋅ fy ⎟⎠
ρmin ≔ 0.0018 Por contraccion y
temperatura para 2 caras
As_req ≔ ρreq ⋅ b ⋅ d = ⎛⎝3.63 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2
As_req mm 2
――= 3.63 ――
b mm
b
As ≔ areap ⋅ ―― = ⎛⎝4.08 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2
esp
As mm 2
― = 4.08 ――
b mm
⎛ diamp ⎞
d ≔ h - ⎜re + diamat + ――― ⎟ = 512.3 mm Peralte efectivo definitivo
⎝ 2 ⎠
As ⋅ fy
a ≔ ―――― = 72 mm
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b
⎛ a⎞
Mn ≔ A s ⋅ f y ⋅ ⎜ d - ―⎟ = 81.619 tonnef ⋅ m Momento nominal
⎝ 2⎠
ϕf ⋅ Mn = 73.457 tonnef ⋅ m
Mu
DC ≔ ――― = 0.897 Indice Demanda - Capacidad (Flexion)
ϕ f ⋅ Mn
a. Franja Interior
Ms = 42.981 tonnef ⋅ m
‾‾‾‾‾
f'c kgf ⎛ kgf
Ec ≔ 15000 ――⋅ ―― = ⎝2.51 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ ――
kgf cm 2
cm 2
――
cm 2
Es
n1 ≔ ― = 8.124
Ec
x1 ≔ 1 mm
1 2
―⋅ b ⋅ x1 = n ⋅ As ⋅ ⎛⎝d - x1⎞⎠
2
Solver
1 2
Icr ≔ ―b ⋅ x 3 + n ⋅ As ⋅ ((d - x)) Momento de Inercia Agrietado xs ≔ x
3
Icr = 0.005 m 4
fs fc
―= 0.544 ― = 0.435
fy f'c
diamp
dc ≔ re + ――― = 37.7 mm Espesor de concreto de la fibra en tracción a
2 centroide de acero
dc
βs ≔ 1 + ――――= 1.105
0.7 ⋅ ⎛⎝h - dc⎞⎠
700 ⋅ γe
Smax ≔ ――― ⋅ in - 2 ⋅ dc
fs
βs ⋅ ――
ksi
Smax = 172.24 mm
Revision_Fisuracion = “OK”
Ig
Snc ≔ ― Modulo de sección no compuesta en fibra extrema traccionada
yt
Snc = 0.05 m 3
‾‾‾‾
f'c
fr ≔ 0.24 ―― ⋅ ksi Esfuerzo máximo del concreto a tracción
ksi AASTHO LRFD 5.4.2.6
kgf
fr = 33.674 ――
cm 2
fcpe ≔ 0 ksi Esfuerzo de compresión en el concreto en la fibra extrema a
tracción debido a las fuerza de preesfuerzo efectiva
Mdnc ≔ 0 tonnef ⋅ m Momento no factorado por carga permanente que actua en la
seccion no compuesta
Sc ≔ Snc Modulo de seccion compuesta en fibra extrema traccionada
⎛ ⎛ Sc ⎞⎞
Mcr ≔ γ3 ⋅ ⎜⎛⎝γ1 ⋅ fr + γ2 ⋅ fcpe⎞⎠ ⋅ Sc - Mdnc ⋅ ⎜―― - 1⎟⎟ Momento critico de agrietamiento
⎝ ⎝ Snc ⎠⎠ AASTHO LRFD 5.7.3.3.2
Se debe de diseñar al menos para el menor de Mcr o 1.33Mu AASTHO LRFD 5.7.3.3.2
Por lo tanto el momento con el que se diseña sera el mayor de Mu1 y Mu2
Mu = 63.304 tonnef ⋅ m
ρmax = 0.0214
1 ⎛ 2 m1 ⋅ Ku ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρreq ≔ ――⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ―――⎟ = 0.00679
m1 ⎜⎝ ϕf ⋅ fy ⎟⎠
ρmin ≔ 0.0018 Por contraccion y
temperatura para 2 caras
As_req ≔ ρreq ⋅ b ⋅ d = ⎛⎝3.477 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2
As_req mm 2
――= 3.477 ――
b mm
b
As ≔ areap ⋅ ―― = ⎛⎝4.08 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2
esp
As mm 2
― = 4.08 ――
b mm
⎛ diamp ⎞
d ≔ h - ⎜re + diamat + ――― ⎟ = 512.3 mm Peralte efectivo definitivo
⎝ 2 ⎠
As ⋅ fy
a ≔ ―――― = 72 mm
0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b
⎛ a⎞
Mn ≔ A s ⋅ f y ⋅ ⎜ d - ―⎟ = 81.619 tonnef ⋅ m Momento nominal
⎝ 2⎠
ϕf ⋅ Mn = 73.457 tonnef ⋅ m
Mu
DC ≔ ――― = 0.862 Índice Demanda - Capacidad (Flexión)
ϕ f ⋅ Mn
Ms = 41.494 tonnef ⋅ m
‾‾‾‾‾
f'c kgf ⎛ kgf
Ec ≔ 15000 ――⋅ ―― = ⎝2.51 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ ――
kgf cm 2
cm 2
――
cm 2
Es
n1 ≔ ― = 8.124
Ec
x1 ≔ 1 mm
1 2
―⋅ b ⋅ x1 = n ⋅ As ⋅ ⎛⎝d - x1⎞⎠
2
Solver
1 2
Icr ≔ ―b ⋅ x 3 + n ⋅ As ⋅ ((d - x)) Momento de Inercia Agrietado
3
Icr = 0.005 m 4
fs fc
―= 0.525 ― = 0.42
fy f'c
diamp
dc ≔ re + ――― = 37.7 mm Espesor de concreto de la fibra en traccion a
2 centroide de acero
dc
βs ≔ 1 + ――――= 1.105
0.7 ⋅ ⎛⎝h - dc⎞⎠
700 ⋅ γe
Smax ≔ ――― ⋅ in - 2 ⋅ dc
fs
βs ⋅ ――
ksi
Smax = 181.109 mm
Revision_Fisuracion = “OK”
2. Deformaciones [A5.7.3.6]
a. Contraflecha [A5.7.3.6.2]
El calculo de las deflexion se realiza para la seccion completa del puente.
DC
tonnef
Losa de concreto wDC ≔ h ⋅ γc ⋅ W = 15.813 ―――
m
DW
tonnef
Asfalto wa_t ≔ ha ⋅ γa ⋅ Wlane = 0.99 ―――
m
tonnef
Vereda y baranda wv_b_t ≔ 2 pb = 1.652 ―――
m
tonnef
wDW = 2.642 ―――
m
tonnef
wDL = 18.455 ―――
m
wDL ⋅ L 2
MDL ≔ ―――= 230.681 tonnef ⋅ m
8
W ⋅ h3
Ig.st ≔ ――― = 0.159 m 4
12
h
yt.st ≔ ―= 0.275 m
2
kgf
fr = 33.674 ――
cm 2
Ig.st
Mcr.st ≔ fr ⋅ ―― = 195.237 tonnef ⋅ m
yt.st
⎛ W ⎞ 4
Icr.st ≔ Icr ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ = 0.062 m
⎝1 m⎠
Ma1 ≔ MDL
⎛ Mcr.st ⎞ 3 ⎛ ⎛ Mcr.st ⎞ 3 ⎞
Ie1 ≔ ⎜――⎟ ⋅ Ig.st + ⎜1 - ⎜――⎟ ⎟ ⋅ Icr.st = 0.121 m 4
⎝ Ma1 ⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎝ Ma1 ⎠ ⎟⎠
Ie1
―― = 0.76
Ig.st
5 ⋅ wDL ⋅ L 4
ΔDL ≔ ――――= 7.902 mm
384 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie1
A's ≔ 0 mm 2
⎛ ⎛ A's ⎞⎞
Δcontraflecha ≔ ΔDL ⋅ ⎜3 - 1.2 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ As ⎠⎠
Δcontraflecha = 23.707 mm
L
ΔLL_IM.per ≔ ―― = 12.5 mm
800
NL = 2 m1 ≔ 1
Por lo tanto el momento por carga viva para el calculo de deflexiones es:
⎛ Mcr.st ⎞ 3 ⎛ ⎛ Mcr.st ⎞ 3 ⎞
Ie2 ≔ ⎜――⎟ ⋅ Ig.st + ⎜1 - ⎜――⎟ ⎟ ⋅ Icr.st = 0.079 m 4
⎝ Ma2 ⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎝ Ma2 ⎠ ⎟⎠
Ie2
―― = 0.497
Ig.st
L
x2 ≔ ―+ 2.33 ft = 5.71 m
2
x1 ≔ ‖ if x2 - 14 ft ≤ 0 m| | x3 ≔ ‖ if x2 + 14 ft ≥ L | |
‖ || ‖ ||
‖ ‖ x1 ← 0 m || ‖ ‖ x3 ← 0 m ||
‖ ‖ || ‖ ‖ ||
‖ else || ‖ else ||
‖ ‖ x ← x - 14 ft | | ‖ ‖ x ← x + 14 ft | |
‖ ‖ 1 2 || ‖ ‖ 3 2 ||
‖ x1 | ‖ x3 |
‖ | ‖ |
x1 = 1.443 m x3 = 9.977 m
P1 ⋅ b ⋅ x
Δx ≔ ――――⋅ ⎛⎝L 2 - b 2 - x 2 ⎞⎠ = 1.594 mm
1 6 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie2 ⋅ L
P2 ⋅ b ⋅ x
Δx ≔ ――――⋅ ⎛⎝L 2 - b 2 - x 2 ⎞⎠ = 3.886 mm
2 6 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie2 ⋅ L
P3 ⋅ b ⋅ x
Δx ≔ ――――⋅ ⎛⎝L 2 - b 2 - x 2 ⎞⎠ = 0.007 mm
3 6 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie2 ⋅ L
3
ΔLL_IM.def ≔ ∑ Δx = 5.487 mm
i
i =1
Revision_Deflexion = “OK”
L
x ≔ ―- 1.4 ft
2
‖ x ⋅ ((L - x)) |
MTr.F ≔ ‖ y2 ← ―――― |
‖ L |
‖ if x ≤ 30 ft | |
‖ ‖ | |
‖ ‖ y1 ← 0 ft | |
‖ else | |
‖ ‖ | |
‖ ‖ y2 | |
‖ ‖ y1 ← ―⋅ ((x - 30 ft )) | |
‖ ‖ x | |
‖ if ((L - x)) ≤ 14 ft ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ y3 ← 0 ft ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ y2 ||
‖ ‖ y3 ← ――⋅ ((L - x - 14 ft )) | |
‖ ‖ L - x ||
‖ ⎛⎝32 y1 + 32 y2 + 8 y3⎞⎠ ⋅ kip |
‖ |
ES = 4.238 m b≔1 m
MLL_IM.F
MLL_IM.F.1 ≔ ―――⋅ b = 7.722 tonnef ⋅ m
ES
Revision_Fatiga = “OK”
1. Franja Interior
510 mm 2 mm 2
As ≔ ―――― = 4.08 ――
125 mm mm
⎛ 100 ⎞ 1 mm 2
As.dist.req ≔ min ⎜――, 50⎟ ⋅ ――⋅ As = 0.712 ――
⎜ ‾‾‾
L ⎟ 100 mm
―
⎜⎝ ft ⎟⎠
199 mm 2 mm 2
As.dist.col ≔ ―――― = 0.796 ――
250 mm mm
2. Franja de Borde
510 mm 2 mm 2
As ≔ ―――― = 4.08 ――
125 mm mm
⎛ 100 ⎞ 1 mm 2
As.dist.req ≔ min ⎜――, 50⎟ ⋅ ――⋅ As = 0.712 ――
⎜ ‾‾‾
L ⎟ 100 mm
―
⎜⎝ ft ⎟⎠
199 mm 2 mm 2
As.dist.col ≔ ―――― = 0.796 ――
250 mm mm
b ≔ W = ⎛⎝1.15 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ mm h = 550 mm
b h
1.30 ⋅ ―⋅ ―
in in in 2 mm 2
As.temp.req ≔ ――――――⋅ ―― = 0.476 ――
⎛ b h ⎞ fy ft mm
2 ⋅ ⎜―+ ―⎟ ⋅ ――
⎝ in in ⎠ ksi
129 mm 2 mm 2
As.temp.col ≔ ―――― = 0.516 ――
250 mm mm