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Guia #11
Guia #11
Dos cámaras
1 The Bicameral System is the legislative system in which the power of making
the law is vested in two chambers, or houses, both of which must approve a
3 bill before it becomes law. In general the upper house is composed of
members selected on a territorial basis, representing states or other political
5 subdivisions rather than the people directly, and usually serving for longer terms
than the members of the lower house. In principle the upper house provides the
7 legislative experience necessary to control unwise legislation. The lower house
is generally composed of members selected on the basis of population, each
9 member representing an equal number of citizens. Because of more frequent
election and closer identification with the districts they represent, members of
11 the lower house reflect more strongly the contemporary mind of the electorate.
Typical of the bicameral system is the U.S. Congress, which consists of a
13 Senate, constituting an upper house, and a House of Representatives,
constituting a lower. The bicameral system is in force in all states except, since
15 1937, Nebraska, which has a unicameral, or single-chamber, legislature.
Throughout the world national parliaments are about equally divided between
bicameral and unicameral systems.
"Bicameral System," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1993 Microsoft Corporation.
Copyright (c) 1993 Funk & Wagnall's Corporation
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completo.
El Sistema Bicameral es el sistema legislativo en el que el poder de hacer la ley
se confiere a dos cámaras, o casas, las cuales deben aprobar un proyecto de
ley antes de que se convierta en ley. En general, la cámara alta está
compuesta por miembros seleccionados sobre una base territorial, que
representan a los estados u otras subdivisiones políticas en lugar de al pueblo
directamente, y generalmente sirven por períodos más largos que los miembros
de la cámara baja. En principio, la cámara alta proporciona la experiencia
legislativa necesaria para controlar la legislación imprudente. La cámara baja
generalmente se compone de miembros seleccionados sobre la base de la
población, cada miembro representa un número igual de ciudadanos. Debido a
elecciones más frecuentes y una identificación más cercana con los distritos
que representan, los miembros de la cámara baja reflejan con más fuerza la
mente contemporánea del electorado. Típico del sistema bicameral es el
Congreso de los Estados Unidos, que consiste en un Senado, que constituye
una cámara alta, y una Cámara de Representantes, que constituye una cámara
baja. El sistema bicameral está en vigor en todos los estados excepto, desde
1937, en Nebraska, que tiene una legislatura unicameral o unicameral. En todo
el mundo, los parlamentos nacionales están divididos aproximadamente por
igual entre sistemas bicamerales y unicamerales.
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Nearly all modern governments have a bicameral, or two-house, legislature. The so-
called lower house is generally elected on a basis of direct representation; and the
upper house commonly on a basis either of indirect representation or of direct
representation limited to certain occupational, territorial, or hereditary categories. The
traditional theoretical justification for an upper house is that it can exercise moderation
and delay on legislation by the lower house and thus restrain the effects of impulsive or
excessive fluctuations of public opinion. A few governments, however, including that of
the state of Nebraska, have unicameral, or single-house, legislatures.
The various legislatures throughout the world are known by different names, such as
Congress, Parliament, Knesset, Diet, and Assembly. Most are limited in their powers
by the Constitution or organic law of the government of which they are a part. The
enactments of the U.S. Congress, for example, can be vetoed by the president, and the
Congress must approve by a two-thirds majority any bill it wishes to pass despite a
presidential veto. The British Parliament, on the other hand, chooses its own prime
minister and cabinet, who are ultimately responsible to it for all their administrative
actions. Being legislative as well as executive or administrative leaders, these officials
have considerable power to initiate and influence legislation desired by their
administrative departments. The tendency in most modern governments has been
toward increasing assumption of legislative powers by administrative officials, with a
consequent weakening of the legislatures. Many political scientists ascribe this to
growing public impatience with the uncertainties of party politics within legislatures. The
trend is also attributed to the increasing complexity of modern government, which
requires the use of people with specialized skills, often not found in publicly elected
legislatures, for the drafting of laws.
"Legislature," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1993 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1993 Funk &
Wagnall's Corporation.