Documentos de Académico
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13 September 2005
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Mining & Minerals
This document has been revised as indicated below. Changes after revision 0 are identified by vertical bars at the
right side of the page, with additions being underlined. Please replace all pages of this specification and destroy
the superceded copies. English is the prevailing language of this document.
Project Manager:
Engineering Manager: Brad Matthews 13Sep05 William Craft 13Sep05
Area Project Engineer: Manuel Echevarria 13Sep05
Lead Discipline Engineer: Bill Li 13Sep05
Process Approval:
FLUOR
Mining & Minerals
Table of Contents
1. GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
1.1 Summary .......................................................................................................................................................3
1.2 References ....................................................................................................................................................4
1.3 Drawing Presentation ....................................................................................................................................5
1.4 Submittals ......................................................................................................................................................5
1.5 Quality Assurance .........................................................................................................................................6
2. PRODUCTS...................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Materials ........................................................................................................................................................6
2.2 Material Receiving and Storage ....................................................................................................................6
2.3 Prefabrication Cleaning .................................................................................................................................7
3. EXECUTION..................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.1 Field Fabrication ............................................................................................................................................7
3.2 Examination and Tests ................................................................................................................................10
3.3 Installation....................................................................................................................................................10
3.4 Field Pressure Testing.................................................................................................................................14
3.5 Painting and Identification ...........................................................................................................................14
4. ATTACHMENTS ............................................................................................................................................ 14
FLUOR
Mining & Minerals
1. GENERAL
1.1 Summary
A. Scope of Specification
1. This specification prescribes the criteria for receiving, fabricating, and installing pressure
piping in accordance with applicable drawings.
2. Wherever a difference exists between this specification and the drawings, the drawings
shall govern. No deviation shall be made from this specification without written
authorization from the Buyer.
B. Terminology
1. Shop Fabricate: Fabrication performed at a Supplier's shop, normally remote from the
jobsite.
2. Field Fabricate: Fabrication performed at the jobsite, either in a field shop or at the
installation site area.
3. Field Assembly Items: Includes items ranging from small branches or bolt-on components
to shop fabricated pieces such as vents, drains, instrument connections, valves, gaskets,
bolts, and in-line instruments.
4. Buyer: Owner of the project or it’s representative.
D. Related Specifications
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Mining & Minerals
Coordinate Work prescribed by this specification with Work prescribed by the above listed
specifications.
1.2 References
The publications listed below form part of this specification. Each publication shall be the latest
revision and addendum in effect as of November 1, 2004, unless noted otherwise. Except as modified
by the requirements specified herein or the details of the drawings, Work included in this specification
shall conform to the applicable provisions of these publications.
Note!!! The limits of piping governed by codes other than ASME B31.3 shall be
indicated on the piping drawings, and piping shall be fabricated in
accordance with those codes.
C213 Fusion-bonded Epoxy Coating for the Interior and Exterior of Steel
Water Pipelines
IP-4-2 Specification for Pipe and Fittings for Protective Lining and/or Covering
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A. Drawings will have dimensions shown in mm (millimeters), except for pipe sizes, which shall be
in NPS (Nominal Pipe Size per ASME B36.10M).
C. Field fabricated portions of shop fabricated lines will be indicated on drawings. The Field
Fabricator/Installer shall fabricate this portion of the line.
D. On piping drawings where only coordinates and elevations are used, the Field
Fabricator/Installer shall establish the required fabrication dimensions.
E. Except for ring joint flanges, references to dimensions, coordinates, and elevation are based on
the centerline of the pipe and the contact face of flanges. Ring joint flanges are dimensioned to
the extreme face of the flange and not to the contact surface of the groove.
F. Dimensions locating Latrolets are based on the intersecting points of the centerline of the pipe
and the projected centerline of the Latrolet.
G. Where CS (cold spring) or PS (pre-spring) is required, the dimension shown on the piping
drawing includes the required amount subtracted or added. The piping shall be fabricated to the
dimension shown.
1.4 Submittals
The following documents created and used by Contractor to produce, control, and manage this Work
are subject to review or approval by responsible representatives of the Buyer:
The manual shall include the procedures, instructions, and QA systems to ensure that assigned
field construction, fabrication, assembly, installation, field purchased materials and services,
field engineering, workmanship, and other related services conform with the specified code,
approved design engineering specifications, design drawings, and other contractual,
jurisdictional, and legal requirements.
Test records shall be maintained according to ASME B31.3, Paragraph 345.2.7, and Pressure
Testing Specification C-CS-50-010.
NDE procedures, personnel certifications, and NDE report forms shall be maintained in
accordance with ASME B31.3
Repair or alteration records shall be kept in accordance with General Welding Specification
C-CS-50-001.
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Mining & Minerals
E. Material Documents
Approved fabrication and welding guidelines and methods shall be used in compliance with project
requirements. Field Fabricator/Installer’s Inspector shall monitor and review the activities of the
fabrication shops to ensure that applicable codes, standards, and procedures are being followed to
meet project quality goals.
A. The Field Fabricator/Installer shall examine and inspect piping components for damage and
improper manufacturing prior to beginning fabrication, in accordance with ASME B31.3,
Paragraph 341. After fabrication has been completed, components shall be re-examined and re-
inspected for possible damage. Repairs shall be made before installation.
B. Field Fabricator/Installer’s inspectors shall examine and inspect the final product to ensure that
Buyer’s quality criteria has been met.
C. The Field Fabricator/Installer shall be responsible for fabrication accuracy. Each piece shall be
subject to check by the Buyer.
D. Inspectors representing the Buyer shall have access at all reasonable times to all areas
concerned with the fabrication, welding, installation, and testing of piping. Inspectors may reject
materials, methods, procedures or work which fails to meet the requirements of applicable
codes, specifications, procedures, drawings, purchase orders or manufacturer's installation
instructions.
2. PRODUCTS
2.1 Materials
A. Piping materials shall be in accordance with Piping Line Class Specification C-SP-50-001.
Deviations shall be noted on the piping drawings.
B. Substitutions, including thicker wall materials, are not permitted without written authorization
from the Buyer.
C. Unless noted otherwise in the PO, all piping components will be free issued to Field Fabricator/
Installer.
D. Non-pressure attachments shall be fabricated and installed in accordance with the appropriate
fabrication details and drawings.
A. Upon receipt, Field Fabricator/Installer shall visually inspect every piping component and reject
items that contain an injurious defect. Injurious defects are internal or external surface gouges,
scars, scratches, blisters, or discontinuities that produce a notch effect or reduce the specified
wall thickness by 5 percent or more.
B. Material used for this project shall be stored in an area specifically assigned to this project where
exposure to heat, dirt, and contamination are avoided.
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C. All materials will be color coded in accordance with the Color Code for Material Delivery
Specification C-ES-55-004. Materials shall be stored in the designated storage area of each
Construction Management Area according to the color code.
D. Pipe and fittings shall be segregated by material type and schedule within the storage area.
E. Stainless steel, aluminum, and high alloy piping shall be stored under cover and clear of the
ground. Contact with ferritic steel is not permitted. Contamination from ferritic sources is not
acceptable. Slings and hooks shall be protected by a plastic insulation or nylon. Storage
banding for pipe shall be of a non-contaminating and compatible material.
F. Rubber lined piping components shall be stored in an area away from direct sunlight and
sources of ozone, which include welding machines and electric generators.
A. Piping and fittings shall be cleaned free from debris, grease, oil, and loose foreign material prior
to fabrication.
B. Each weld lane shall be cleaned before the weld is started. The weld cleaning shall be
accomplished by wire brushing or grinding. The cleaned area shall be free from rust, scale, or
mill coating.
C. Only aluminum oxide or silicon carbide grinding wheels and austenitic stainless steel wire
brushes shall be used for cleaning and grinding of stainless steels and other nickel or nonferrous
alloys. The tools specified above shall be contamination free.
3. EXECUTION
A. Piping
1. Welding, weld examination, and weld heat treatment shall be in strict accordance with
General Welding Specification C-CS-50-001.
2. The Field Fabricator/Installer shall perform all necessary end preparations for piping to be
field joined (e.g. bevel for welded joints, groove for Victaulic joints, etc.)
3. Adjacent sections of longitudinal welded pipe that are joined by butt welding shall have the
longitudinal weld seams positioned so that they are at least 30 degrees apart above the
horizontal centerline.
4. Wherever possible, the longitudinal weld seam shall not be positioned on the top or bottom
of the line, in order to avoid locating branch connections such as couplings and stub-ons
on the seam.
B. Internal Misalignment
1. Internal misalignment shall be governed by the following criteria:
a. Pipe-to-pipe or pipe-to-fitting NPS 24 and smaller: 1.5 mm deviation.
b. Pipe-to-pipe or pipe-to-fitting NPS 26 and larger: 3 mm deviation.
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Mining & Minerals
2. If the deviation factors are exceeded, use one of the following procedures listed in order of
preference:
a. First, rotate the pipe or fittings to reduce misalignment to the acceptable tolerances.
b. Use spreaders or internal or external lineup clamps to correct moderate out-of-round
condition.
c. Backweld the root pass.
d. Taper the wall of the component internally after obtaining approval from the Buyer to
ensure wall thickness is not reduced below the minimum required by the code.
D. Non-pressure Attachments
1. Non-pressure attachments shall be installed in accordance with detail sheets as
referenced on the piping drawings. The material for non-pressure attachment welds shall
be in accordance with General Welding Specification C-CS-50-001, unless specified
otherwise on the piping drawings.
2. The Shop Fabricator will install non-pressure attachments on piping requiring PWHT (Post
Weld Heat Treatment). Welding on pipe which has had PWHT is not permitted.
3. Undercutting on pipe is not permitted.
4. Special attachments will be detailed on the piping drawings.
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5. Unless indicated otherwise on the drawings, pipe shoes shall be centered over the support
steel in the cold position. Shoes shall be attached preferably after the line has been
installed.
E. Reinforcing Pads
Reinforcing pads shall be installed only where called for on the piping drawing. Pad material
shall be the same as the pipe material, unless otherwise authorized by Buyer. Pad size and
thickness will be specified in the drawing. It is preferable to have pad shapes similar, but the
pad size may be altered, provided an equivalent cross-sectional area is maintained and code
requirements are met. Each pad, or each piece, if the pad is made from more than one piece,
shall have a NPS 1/8 vent hole, drilled and tapped 1/8 NPT (National Taper Pipe Thread per
ASME B1.20.1) prior to installation (at the side and not at the crotch) of the pad. Each pad or
each piece shall be pressure tested with shop air. After pressure test, the vent shall be filled
with a grease compound.
Stub-on branch connections shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3 Figure 328.5.4 A, B, C,
and Figure 328.5.4 D, Items (1) or (3), unless otherwise noted.
H. Fabrication Tolerances
1. The fabrication tolerances for fabricated piping shall be in accordance with PFI Standard
ES-3. When closer tolerances are required, they shall be noted on the piping drawings.
2. Fabrication tolerances may be exceeded to a maximum of 12 mm for vent and drain
connection locations, dummy support lengths, temperature connection, or pressure tap
locations, providing the deviation does not affect an in-line item.
3. When the exact piping dimension cannot be predetermined to allow the field proper
erection of 2 spool pieces, one of the 2 spool pieces will be shipped to site with an
additional 200 mm on an un-prepped end and marked as FFW (Field Fit Weld). The Field
Fabricator/Installer shall trim length to suit and perform proper end preparation (e.g. bevel,
grooving, welding Vic-Ring, etc.) in accordance with Piping Line Class specification
C-SP-50-001.
Surface preparation and painting of piping shall be in accordance with Paint Specification
C-ES-55-003.
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A. All prefabricated piping shall be visually examined internally to ensure that foreign matter has
been removed before installation.
B. Examination for welding shall be in accordance with General Welding Specification C-CS-50-
001 and Piping Line Class Specification C-SP-50-001 attachment 5.
3.3 Installation
A. General
Except where shown otherwise on the drawings, piping shall conform to the following:
1. Be run level and plumb.
2. Be run on North-South and East-West axes.
B. Flange Bolting
1. Prior to bolt-up, examine flange faces. Flange faces shall be in as-new condition, and shall
be wiped clean of any debris, excess oil, grease, and dirt. Restore damaged flange faces
to as-new condition. Do not perform weld repairs on flange faces or flanges unless
authorized by the Buyer. The flanges shall be aligned properly before bolts are installed.
The bolt holes shall be lined up so the studs can be inserted freely.
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D. Pipe Sleeves
1. Pipe sleeves shall be installed where pipe passes through floors and walls.
2. Wherever possible, pipe sleeves shall be installed when floors and walls are constructed. If
this is not done and cutting and patching of the floor or wall is required, care shall be taken
so that the structural integrity of the floor or wall is not compromised.
3. Sleeves shall be standard weight steel pipe having a minimum internal diameter 50 mm
larger than the outside diameter of the pipe (if uninsulated) or pipe insulation (if insulated),
unless otherwise specified on drawing.
4. Wall sleeves shall be flush on both sides of wall. Floor sleeves shall be flush at bottom and
extended 75 mm above the floor unless otherwise indicated in the drawings or where
necessary to suit location and piping function.
E. Joints
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1. Use thread sealant according to Piping Line Class Specification C-SP-50-001 for threaded
connections that are not to be seal welded.
2. Seal weld threaded joints only where required by Piping Line Class Specification
C-SP-50-001. Do not use thread sealant on joints to be seal welded.
3. The Field Fabricator/Installer shall install all unions required to complete the installation of
screwed piping or facilitate removal. Where the piping specifications or drawings restrict
the use of unions, flanges shall be used.
4. Paint or insulation shall not be applied over any joints until testing has been completed.
5. Gaskets on flanged joints shall be used only once.
F. Pipe Supports
1. For piping NPS 3 and larger, pipe supports shall be installed as indicated on the isometric
drawings
2. For piping NPS 2 and smaller, Field Fabricator/Installer shall be responsible for the
location, selection, fabrication and installation of all supports (including guides and
anchors):
a. Field support shall be in accordance with Pipe Support Specification C-SP-50-005.
b. Span of field supported metallic piping shall not exceed the maximum support
spacing table in Pipe Support Specification C-SP-50-005.
c. Valves, strainers, magnetic flow meters, density gauges, and other "in-line"
equipment shall have additional supports over and above those indicated in the
Support Spacing Tables for straight runs of pipe.
d. In general, pipe supports shall be placed at or near changes in pipe direction. Where
changes of direction occur between supports, the total length of pipe between
supports shall be no more than 75% the normal distance.
e. Vertical lines shall be supported at the base and intermediately as required to
provide adequate support. Anchors and guides/sway braces shall be provided where
necessary to eliminate excessive vibration or movement of the piping.
f. Anchors and guides shall be provided to meet IBC (International Building Code)
requirements for seismic design per Site Condition Specification C-DC-10-002. In
general, an anchor shall be located in the middle of each straight run of pipe to
control axial movement, and guides shall be located at intervals no more than twice
that specified in the maximum support spacing table in Pipe Support Specification
C-SP-50-005.
g. Anchors and guides shall be used to protect terminal equipment or other portions of
the piping system and to control movement or to direct expansion into those portions
of the system which are designed to absorb them.
h. On any straight run there shall be a maximum of 1 anchor unless expansion joints
are present.
i. Where Victaulic connections are used, restraints shall be provided in accordance
with manufacturer's instructions.
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j. Beam attachments shall be of the type that permits the rod to swing in the direction of
pipe expansion. Where pipe expansion takes place in two directions, the beam
attachment shall permit the rod to swing in both directions.
k. Where axial pipe movement produces sway of hanger rod in excess of 4, pipes shall
be supported with pipe roll hangers.
l. Where necessary to take up excessive thermal expansion or differential building
settlement, spring hangers or other suitable support shall be installed.
3. Springs shall be installed in accordance with Manufacturer's instructions; kept blocked until
after line closure and hydrotest. Springs shall be adjusted in the installed position and then
checked when operating conditions are reached.
4. The location and provision of temporary installation supports and temporary supports for
hydrotest shall be responsibility of Field Fabricator/Installer.
G. Branch Connections
1. Branch connections are defined for each line class in Piping Line Class Specification
C-SP-50-001.
2. Care shall be taken in shaping the ends of branch nozzles, as well as holes burned into
the pipe for branch connections, to ensure fit with suitable provision for weld metal and so
that the branch connections do not project inside the pipes. Advise the Buyer before
cutting connections into existing lines.
All lines shall be installed in such a manner that all liquid can be drained and all vapors and
gases vented from the system. Drain valves and air vents shall be installed as indicated on the
drawings and wherever necessary as required by the piping configuration.
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J. Cleanliness of Piping
1. Open-end of pipe and flange face protection shall be used throughout installation. Protect
open pipes at times when work on them is not actually taking place.
2. Inspect individual pipe sections, prefabricated spools, and pipeline items internally during
installation, and remove any foreign matter before final welding or assembly.
3. The internal cleaning of piping after fabrication or installation shall comply with Internal
Cleaning Specification C-CS-50-007.
4. Piping contiguous with special equipment, which requires cleaning to the equipment
Manufacturer's procedure, shall be inspected by and have cleaning supervised by the
Manufacturer's representative.
Testing of installed piping systems shall be in accordance with Pressure Testing Specification
C-CS-50-010.
A. All carbon steel piping components (except valves), pipe hangers, supports, pipe sleeves and
miscellaneous steelwork shall be field painted in accordance with Paint Specification
C-ES-55-003
B. All piping shall be identified with markers in accordance with Markers for Commodity and Safety
Identification Specification C-CS-50-008.
4. ATTACHMENTS
Attachment 1 Bolt Tightening Pattern
Attachment 2 Bolt Torque Values
End of Specification
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Mining & Minerals
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Mining & Minerals
TABLE 1
Torque (N-m)
Bolt Size
1st Pass 2nd Pass Final Pass
1/2" 16 33 49
5/8" 39 69 108
Note: Torque value reflects the use of a lubricant of heavy graphite and oil mixture.
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TABLE 2
Torque (N-m)
Bolt Size
1st Pass 2nd Pass Final Pass
1/2" 20 29 39
5/8" 29 59 78
3/4" 39 78 118
Note: Torque value reflects the use of a lubricant of heavy graphite and oil mixture.
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Mining & Minerals
TABLE 3
Torque (N-m)
Bolt Size
A307 Gr B Bolts A193 Gr B7 & B8 Bolts
1/2" 27 41
5/8" 54 81
3/4" 88 136
Notes:
1. Torque value reflects the use of a lubricant of heavy graphite and oil mixture.
2. Establish an initial sealing surface pressure by tightening to an initial torque value of 6 N-m; then increase
tightening torque in increments of about 20 N-m or less according to the bolt tightening pattern in
Attachment 1 until the maximum value is reached.