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MODULO N°1
PROBLEMAS RESUELTOS
ALUMNO:
MEJIA SERNA SAID NAYDER
CURSO:
METODOS MATEMATICOS PARA LA INGENIERIA
PRACTICA DE NUMEROS COMPLEJOS
z1 + z2 = a + bi + c + di = a + c + i(b + d )
z1 − z2 = a + bi − (c + di) = a − c + i(b − d )
z1 * z2 = ( a + bi ) * ( c + di ) = ac − bd + i(ad + bc)
z1 a + bi a + bi c − di ac + bd + i(bc − ad ) ac + bd i(bc − ad )
= + 2
z2 c + di c + di c − di c2 + d 2 c2 + d 2 c +d2
Ejemplos
a. a *b
a *b
b. c
• 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 16 + 11𝑖
𝑎∗𝑏 16+11𝑖 −3−2𝑖 −48−32𝑖−33𝑖+22 −26−65𝑖
= = (−3)2 +4
= = −2 − 5𝑖
𝑐 −3+2𝑖 −3−2𝑖 13
a+b
c. c + d
• 𝑎 + 𝑏 = (2 + 3𝑖) + (5 − 2𝑖) = 2 + 3𝑖 + 5 − 2𝑖 = 7 + 𝑖
• 𝑐 + 𝑑 = (−3 + 2𝑖) + (1 + 𝑖) = −3 + 2𝑖 + 1 + 𝑖 = −2 + 3𝑖
𝑎+𝑏 7+𝑖 −2−3𝑖 −14−21𝑖−2𝑖+3 −11−23𝑖 11 23
• 𝑐+𝑑
= −2+3𝑖 −2−3𝑖 (−2)2 +9 13 13 13
𝑖
d +c
d.
c
• 𝑑 + 𝑐 = −2 + 3𝑖
𝑑+𝑐 −2+3𝑖 −3−2𝑖 6+4𝑖−9𝑖+6 12−5𝑖 12 5
• = = = − 𝑖
𝑐 −3+2𝑖 −3−2𝑖 (−3)2 +4 13 13 13
Forma polar:
169𝜋
𝑏 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = √29𝑒 90
Forma polar de” c”
Modulo:
𝑐 = −3 + 2𝑖 → |𝑐| = √(−3)2 + (2)2 = √9 + 4 = √13
Argumento:
2 2
𝑐 = −3 + 2𝑖 → 𝑡𝑔𝜃 = → 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 = 𝜃 → 𝜃 = −33,69°
−3 −3
73𝜋
→ 180° − (33,69°) = 146,31° =
90
Forma polar:
73𝜋
𝑖𝜃
𝑐 = 𝑟𝑒 = √13𝑒 90
Forma polar de” d”
Modulo:
Forma polar:
𝑑 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = √2𝑒 4 𝑖
Forma polar de “e”
Modulo:
𝑒 = 2 − 3𝑖 → |𝑒| = √22 + (−3)2 = √4 + 9 = √13
Argumento:
−3 −3
𝑒 = 2 − 3𝑖 → 𝑡𝑔𝜃 = → 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 = 𝜃 → 𝜃 = −56,31°
2 2
101𝜋
→ 360° − (56,31°) = 303,69° =
60
Forma polar:
101𝜋
𝑒 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = √13𝑒 60
𝑎 − 𝑏 = (2 + 3𝑖) − (5 − 2𝑖) = 2 + 3𝑖 − 5 + 2𝑖 = −3 + 5𝑖
𝑑 − 𝑒 = (1 + 𝑖) − (2 − 3𝑖) = 1 + 𝑖 − 2 + 3𝑖 = −1 + 4𝑖
3. Escribe el número indicado en la forma a+bi.
𝑏 = 3𝑖 2 𝑖 2 𝑖 − 𝑖 2 𝑖 2 + 7𝑖 2 𝑖 − 10𝑖 2 − 9
= 3(−1)(−1)𝑖 − (−1)(−1) + 7(−1)𝑖 − 10(−1) − 9
= 3𝑖 − 1 − 7𝑖 + 10 − 9 = 0 − 4𝑖
c. i10 d. i13
𝑐 = 𝑖 2 𝑖 2 𝑖 2 𝑖 2 = (−1)(−1)(−1)(−1)(−1) = −1 + 0𝑖
𝑑 = 𝑖 2 𝑖 2 𝑖 2 𝑖 2 𝑖 2 𝑖 2 𝑖 = (−1)(−1)(−1)(−1)(−1)(−1)𝑖 = 0 + 𝑖
e. (4-6i)+(3-6i) d. 4(3-2i)-5(6+3i)
𝑒 = 4 − 6𝑖 + 3 − 6𝑖 = 7 − 12𝑖
e. i(4-6i)+i(6+2i). f . (3− 4i )( 4 + 3i )
𝑓 = 12 + 9𝑖 − 16𝑖 + 12 = 24 − 7𝑖
g. (2+3i) 2 h. (2 + 3i)3
2 − 4i 10 − 5i
i. j.
3 + 5i 6 + 2i
1 − 2𝑖 + 𝑖 + 2 3 − 𝑖 11 + 2𝑖 33 + 6𝑖 − 11𝑖 + 2 35 − 5𝑖 35 5
𝑙= = 2
= = − 𝑖
8 − 6𝑖 + 4𝑖 + 3 11 − 2𝑖 11 + 2𝑖 11 + 4 125 125 125
7 1
= − 𝑖
25 25
4. Dado z=x+iy, determinar
__
1
a. Re( ) b. Re(z2 ) c. Img(2z+4 z − 4i)
z
1 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 1 𝑥
= 2 − 2 𝑖 ∴ 𝑅𝑒 ( ) = 2
𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦 2
𝑥 +𝑦 2 𝑥 +𝑦 2 𝑥 +𝑦 2 𝑧 𝑥 + 𝑦2
__ __
d. Im(2z+4 z -4i) e. z −1− 3i f. z +5
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 7 ; 2𝑦 − 𝑥 = 5 → 3(−𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 5) → −3𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 15
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 7
−3𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 15
11𝑦 = 22
𝑦=2
2(2) − 𝑥 = 5 → 4 − 5 = 𝑥 → 𝑥 = −1
b. Encuentre números reales “x” y “y” tales que 2x − 3iy + 4ix − 2y − 5 − 10i = (x + y +
2) − (y − x + 3)i.
1. 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 5 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2 → 2𝑥 − 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 𝑦 = 2 + 5 → 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7
2. 3𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 10 = 𝑦 − 𝑥 + 3 → 3𝑦 − 𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 = 3 − 10 → 2𝑦 − 3𝑥 = −7
𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7 → 3(𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7) → 3𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 21
2𝑦 − 3𝑥 = −7 → −3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −7
3𝑥 − 9𝑦 = 21
−3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −7
−7𝑦 = 14
𝑦 = −2
𝑥 − 3(−2) = 7 → 𝑥 + 6 = 7 → 𝑥 = 1
𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖
𝑎 = |𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 − 𝑖| = |𝑥 + (𝑦 − 1)𝑖| = √𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1
= √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1
2
(√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1) = 22
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 4
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 = 3
2
8𝑦 − 36 = 3√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 2 → (9 − 2𝑦)2 = (3√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 4)
→ 81 − 36𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 = 9𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 − 36𝑦 + 36 → 45 = 9𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 2
9𝑥 2 5𝑦 2
+ =1
45 45
𝑐 = |𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 − 3| − |𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 + 3| = 4 → |(𝑥 − 3) + 𝑦𝑖| − |(𝑥 + 3) + 𝑦𝑖| = 4
→ √(𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2 − √(𝑥 + 3) + 𝑦 2 = 4
→ √𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 2 − √𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑦 2 = 4
→ √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 4 − √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 9
2 2
→ (√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 9) = (4 − √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 9)
→ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 16 − 8√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 9
2
−12𝑥 − 16 = 8√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 → (−4 − 3𝑥)2 = (2√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 9)
→ 16 + 24𝑥 + 9𝑥 2 = 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 + 24𝑥 + 36 → 5𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 = 20
𝑑 = (𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖)(𝑥 − 𝑦𝑖 + 2) = 3 → 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦𝑖 + 2𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦𝑖 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦𝑖 = 3
→ 𝑥(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦𝑖 = 3 → (𝑥(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑦 2 ) + 2𝑦𝑖 = 3
𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎:
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑠𝑒
𝑥2 𝑦2
+ =1
𝑎2 𝑏 2
2𝑎 = 10 → 𝑎 = 5 𝑐=2
2 2 2 2
𝑎 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 → 25 = 𝑏 + 4 → 𝑏 = √21
𝑥2 𝑦2
+ =1
25 21
a. 1 z + i 2; b. Re{z 2 } 4 , c. z + 3i 4, d. z + 2 − 3i + z − 2 + 3i 10
𝑎 = 1 < |𝑧 + 𝑖| ≤ 2 → |𝑧 + 𝑖| = |𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 + 𝑖| = |𝑥 + (𝑦 + 1)𝑖|
→ √𝑥 2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1
→ 𝑎 = 1 < √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1 ≤ 2
→ 𝑎 = 1 < 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1 ≤ 2
𝑏 = 𝑅𝑒{𝑧 2 } > 4 → (𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑖 + (𝑦𝑖)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦 2
= (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) + 2𝑥𝑦𝑖 →∴ 𝑅𝑒{𝑧 2 } = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) → 𝑏 = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) > 4
= √𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 9 + √𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 9
→ √𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 9 + √𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 9 < 10
→ √𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 9 < 10 − √𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 9
→ (√𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 9)2 < (10 − √𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 9)2
→ 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 9 < 100 − 20√𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 9 + 𝑥 2 −
4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 9
→ 8𝑥 − 12𝑦 − 100 < 20√𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 9
→ (2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 25)2 < (5√𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 9)2
→ 4𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 + 625 − 12𝑥𝑦 − 100𝑥 + 150𝑦
< 25𝑥 2 − 100𝑥 + 100 + 25𝑦 2 + 150𝑦 + 225
→ 300 < 21𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 + 12𝑥𝑦
11. Expresar en forma polar los números complejos siguientes:
3 3i
a. 2-2i; b. -1+ 3i , c. 2 2 + 2 2i, d. -i, e. -4, f. -2 3 − 2i, g 2i, h. −
2 2
Forma polar de “2 − 2𝑖 ”
Modulo:
2 − 2𝑖 → √(2)2 + (−2)2 = √4 + 4 = √8 = 2√2
Argumento:
−2 𝜋
2 − 2𝑖 → 𝑡𝑔𝜃 = → 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔(−1) = 𝜃 → 𝜃 = −
2 4
𝜋 7𝜋
→ 2𝜋 − ( ) =
4 4
Forma polar:
7𝜋
𝑖
𝑒 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = 2√2𝑒
Forma polar:
2𝜋
𝑖
𝑒 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = 2𝑒
Forma polar:
11𝜋
𝑒 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = 4𝑒 6
Forma polar de “0 − 𝑖”
Modulo:
0 − 𝑖 → √(0)2 + (−1)2 = √0 + 1 = √1 = 1
Argumento:
−1 −1
0 − 𝑖 → 𝑡𝑔𝜃 = → 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 =𝜃
0 0
Forma polar:
𝑛𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟
Forma polar:
𝑒 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = 4𝑒 𝜋𝑖
Forma polar:
4𝜋
𝑖
𝑒 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = 4𝑒
Forma polar de “0 + √2𝑖”
Modulo:
2
0 + √2𝑖 → √(0)2 + (√2) = √0 + 4 = √4 = 2
Argumento:
√2 √2
0 + √2𝑖 → 𝑡𝑔𝜃 = → 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 =𝜃
0 0
Forma polar:
𝑛𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟
3
Forma polar de “ 2 − 2 𝑖”
Modulo:
2 2
√3 3 √3 3 3 9
− 𝑖→ ( ) + − = + = √3
2 2 2 2 4 4
Argumento:
√3
√3 3 3
2 → 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 ( − √ ) = 𝜃 → 𝜃 = −40,89°
− 𝑖 → 𝑡𝑔𝜃 =
2 2 3 3
−
2
139𝜋
→ 180° − (40,89°) = 139,11° =
180
Forma polar:
139𝜋
𝑒 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = √3𝑒 180
12. Evalúa las expresiones siguientes aplicando la fórmula de Moivre
i
−5i
5 i
(8*e ) , 3e * 2*e * 6*e
3 4
3 − i 1+ i
40i 5
a. b. , c.
(2*e ) 60i 2 i
4* e 3
3 + i 1− i
512 ∗ 𝑒 120
4
𝑖 512 𝑒 120𝑖
𝑎= 0𝑖 = ( 40 ) = 32 ∗ 𝑒 (120−240)𝑖 = 32 + 𝑒 −120𝑖
16 ∗ 16 2 𝑖
1 √3
= 32(cos(−120) + 𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛(−120) = 32 (− − 𝑖)
2 2
32 32√3
=− − 𝑖 = −16 − 16√3𝑖
2 2
Para “c”
Forma polar:
11𝜋
𝑒 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = 2𝑒 6
Forma polar de “√3 + 𝑖”
Modulo:
2
√3 + 𝑖 → √(√3) + (1)2 = √3 + 1 = √4 = 2
Argumento:
1 1 𝜋
√3 + 𝑖 → 𝑡𝑔𝜃 = → 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔 =𝜃→𝜃=
√3 √3 6
Forma polar:
𝑒 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = 2𝑒 6𝑖
Forma polar de “1 + 𝑖”
Modulo:
1 + 𝑖 → √(1)2 + (1)2 = √1 + 1 = √2
Argumento:
1 𝜋
1 + 𝑖 → 𝑡𝑔𝜃 = = 1 → 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔1 = 𝜃 → 𝜃 =
1 4
Forma polar:
𝑒 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = √2𝑒 4 𝑖
Forma polar de “1 − 𝑖”
Modulo:
1 − 𝑖 → √(1)2 + (−1)2 = √1 + 1 = √2
Argumento:
−1 𝜋
1 − 𝑖 → 𝑡𝑔𝜃 = = −1 → 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔(−1) = 𝜃 → 𝜃 =
1 4
𝜋 7𝜋
→ 2𝜋 − ( ) =
4 4
Forma polar:
7𝜋
𝑖
𝑒 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = √2𝑒
11𝜋 4 𝜋 44𝜋 5𝜋 44𝜋 5𝜋
2𝑒 6 √2 16𝑒 4√2 𝑒
𝑐=( ) ( )5 = 4𝜋 ( 35𝜋 )= 4𝜋 35
𝜋
𝑖 𝑖 𝑖 ( + )𝑖
2𝑒 √2 16 4√2
44𝜋 2 5𝜋 3 88𝜋 15𝜋 88𝜋+15𝜋
( + )𝑖 ( + )𝑖 ( )𝑖
= = 𝜋 =
4𝜋(2) 35𝜋(3) 8𝜋 105 8𝜋+105𝜋
( + )𝑖
𝑒(
( 103𝜋 + )𝑖 )𝑖
𝑒 𝑒
𝑒 103𝜋 113𝜋 −10𝜋 −5𝜋
= 𝑒( − )𝑖
= 𝑒( )𝑖
= 𝑒( )𝑖
= 113𝜋
( )𝑖
𝑒
−5𝜋 −5𝜋 √3 1
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) + 𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( )=− − 𝑖
6 6 2 2