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s dqb3hnb gdqfchnJwxjw{nJfdql gn%b ÷Nö!b3hn
> − nb : n ∈ N} ∩ (N+ ∪ {0})
ömdedqÌ
a>b
f ö!bNf öõgn%b ÷Nö!b3hnbmn &
j BGo n úmd + A =r {a ônJuzhjb3h n ýn üdqfÌö!b
N ∪ {0}
dglodqw{dgb3hnSï w Gkb!skw{:n ýAn üdglchdqnJudqw=jSjb9hdqusknJuz9jvujb9h(s 'F¬ j 0ö!d ∈ A hskdgb!Ë
d ö!b
0∈ / A A
dglodqw{dgb3hnï w Gkb!skw{nm\ üdgbmnJwxskbjw{nJf jvl:
w Gobmsown!\ üddgfihdSw{n ú!nd ýysofihd
r ∈ A
hj
l ö!d
q∈N
a − qb = r
---

L J NDOPRQ8SETVUXWN[\O]`@a4SDb?SIaNOãbcWÉ5TIUO]`
nlon%ö!dzdgflon~wxskfw{n
a = qb + r.
ôjvujhú!dqwxnfrhujuömd frdSuj+'gnJbjø:nJu{udOúöBgs(Jb¤jljõ!fNö!u?úmn! s
dqb3hnJbgdqf gnJb r r ≥ b
r =b+l l ∈ N ∪ {0}
+
a = (q + 1)b + l
dqb3hnJbgdqf dgfHö!b?dqlodgw{dgb9hn¾ú!d dqfrhurs} h/jw{dgb9hdDw{dqb!nJuÌö!d dgb gnJb9hujú!sBgs(Jb
qnJbÏö!d l dgfdgl(w:Gob!skwnùú!d A r
r A
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a≤b
ü?dqbIdglD!l|hskw{nûú!dltj¾ö!b!sqsÆújújú!dglwïkG b!skw{nËüú!dglD !dB !nîúmd%ö!dú!nJfpdglkdgw{dgb9hnJf
úmd ú!s(JdqudqbdgbrömbSwmlkhs§ø!l|nùú!d
A b
xÜr öø÷Æâx÷gù(÷qú÷gàq÷FûüDûýÌþ ÿ8û üzÿÞß÷ üzÿ÷
ÿnwxn 9j_ !dqwxnf>fdBðjloj

!n 3ltj1b!nDdýysofrhdgb qstj
md,skb & dqufnjvujdgl!urn
}hn
!d.bK
w{dgurnJf%dgb9hdgurnJf´! jgd!dplojzn:dgujgs(J b
!d
!s & sofs(J bxbmnfd !d
j#udFjvlos'gjucfsodqw!ud
-so!jlmdb!nfd !d
md{d- d}hju1fskdgw!udltj=udqfrh/jdgbIlonJfpb!w{dgunf1bjvh !ujlkdgf}
C!!b !dpfd" md
!d"
!s & s#
!soucdqb3hud ñ xn$mhdqb!dqu%!beb!w{dgurndqb3hdqun yfsob=dgw&$jvuJn
loj
!s & skfs(J b#dgb9hud
b!n~fd' md
!d1dB- dqh!juz fHJ lon&:n
mdgw{nJf8n$mhdgb!dqu(!b)gngskdgb9hd
)!b?urdgfihnxfdq!b?dgl(hdgnJurdgwxj{jb3hdgf*
!dgw{nJfihuj+
!n3}a$fihn
!j{l,m9jujmbj{b!ngs(J b
/À ¯À 4À À -À
skb3hdgudqfjb9hd !dzdqf.ltj&
!dz ¸© .- 0/ -Ë ->
1@Ò.1@Ò32 4ÁÖ65]×EÚqÙ=Ú87$×ÖÜ:9;$ÜKÚqÙkØXÜ

À uÀ
ä9å ¦ ª·: }ûª(ûª¨'æ0-!° ® ¯°Ê /ì-}v´ ¯ï-}2
À ¯À
° q-}v´ ¯°1~-® <²°µ -¶42- -© AI
³ - -°Gµ}´=<ª®- ><_-r<.-,y°Â°Ê/ì-}´v¯-}°2.-}´v¯
a, b
6!
¶4»-
a
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b
® -/>µ </ì¯z4¶ 2-
b
a|b
ºÀ
-°.IÒË¸£ ¸§Ë¸]®-
a
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a
-°øy°)A²¦£G¥S®- <
c b = a×c
b
a f
!dqsoudqbÌdqlBFjfrnC
!s & sofs#$!lkdfd !d
!dd>D-d}hjvultjE
!s & skfs,Fb dgb9hud
$ fd
n$mhskdgb!d!bbmwxdqunedgb9hdgurn dgfihndgfjvlGjgdqupltjH
!s & skfs,Fb?dgb9hdqujedgb9hud
b a
gd l
b a
urdgfihn{dgE
f My
ùÃg¢§Ë-cûª(ûªkNó~:°ÊK/ì-}´v¯:-}°2q-}´v¯ ®<¸·I<®-ß! 02¯´r¶4»- 02-}´v¯
60 = 5 × 12
¯ ®<¸·I<®-È
! JLK<
12 60 12
°=x
---

[ {[¾ÉaGÖDadKa8M~aqUaqÉO]ÉNbcNÉ ¿POKO_NÌS~W@`@aRQ=O_NDaÍË L 3
uÀ
¶ /S-q¢¥G©m¦ ¸· áûª(û(ª(û ë¯g®¯°Ê/ì-}´v¯ -}°2q-}´v¯
a∈Z
-°x®<¸·I<><ª®4-E02¯´
a
1R02¯´
−a
1
02¯´ ³ø02¯´ <
1 −1
¶ uÀ
/S-q¢¥G©m¦ ¸· áûª(û(ªÇúòØ$!9®?!]®<¸·I<¯´ ®- ¢° °ÊK/ì-}´v¯À-}°2q-}´v¯°=¯°2K¯
a ∈ Z
·
-}´>< È8µ! 1 ®¯°:®-
d
-°-·h!
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T<6-}°=- |d| ≤ >|a| < ³ |x| >< <
|x| = x x≥0 |x| = −x x<0
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ä9å ¦ ª·: ° -}2° .-}v´ ¯ß0»¯><.<¸
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û((ª ûªk êAc -®<²µ°-D¶4»-%-°È¢° Ò3¥É§A¥ VU cÀ
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¯_¯a° 6= 1³ <=0< .<6-}°=-y°xìB!¢µ.¯É02¯><T<¸·
¯
® <T<¸2° .¯=® - ¹=® - -D® <²°µ -D4¶ 2-%-°,¦J:§Va¹A-q1£FD< a
a 1
ù$Ãg¢§ËûªûªkN«u¯:-}°2q-}´v¯ 1 ³ ¯°I°ÊK/ì-}´v¯@0´=</ì¯°1 ³ ¯°
5 13 19 125 258
µ°¯h/0k2-°.¯4<
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ÿnJw{nfd
!d
^ g d!
dlojf(
!nfn$!fdqu & jgsknJb!dgff
!dglg2îvuujhD-n{jb9hdqusonu dqlgqnJbhi3!b9hn
!d

!s & sofrnJudqfj: nJfs|hs & nJfk!
df! b{b! w{dgunb!jvh!ujl dqfl!bgnbhi3!b3hnzb!n & j+4Gknx 09j'md,jl
wxdqb!nJf fnJbH!
s & skfnJurdgfl!
d S% Jb!s|hn= V9 aj! d,dqfrh°îg nb3hdqb!s,m
nDdgbxdglq nJbhi3! b9hn
a 1
%: nulknE! dhsodqb!dfrdgb3hs,!
nltjfso! sodqb3hd'!
dBJ!b!s,q s,JF b
a
{−a, −a + 1, ..., a − 1, a}
/À uÀ
ä9å ¦ ª·: û(ª(ûªtÔÄÈ!9®¯?®¯S°Ê/ì-}´°¯þ-}°q-}´v¯02¯><T<¸·
¯ ³ -Ì®--Èc°=--
/{»F </ì¯µ°¯h/~Ê¢°®<¸·I<¯´D®- ³ ³--°Gµ}´=<ª®- a b
µ°¯h/ì¯5-/:!³{¯´D®-È¯
® <¸I· <¯°´ -°#°µ ¯h/%¢=° -°D® - ³ ajw{nJf1C j
!dgfjuurnJloloj
u !bjlkJnJus hw{ n jvu)
j gj#l !lojudgl
w
m
!
d
!nfb !w{dgunfg
a flmbxjlkJnJus hw{nglîfs#gn'qnJb!ngs#
!n qnJw{nzjlkJnJurs|hwn"
!dal^glos#
!dqfgRÞ.dqdgfrskh/jvudgw{nJf
c
juj~dgfih/jEgnb!frhu3 qs,FbSdgl(frso!sodqb3hd1lkdgwxjm
n>¢ûª(ûªk¼ÄÈ!9®¯Ì®¯?°ÊK/ì-}´v¯£-}°2.-}´°¯:02¯><T<¸·
¯ ³ 1 -}°2q¯°µ°-°
®¯°:®- -°-(´v-°q¯x®-#®¸< ·I< ®¸< ´ a b a > b
-}°2´°- <
mcd(a, b) = mcd(b, r) r a b
Ä-/ì¯¨´H!¢µ>²< ¹°<À>jvwxnJf8j!
dgw{nJfihujvu%!dpdglegnbhi3!b9hn
!d"
!s & skfnJurdgfognJw&!b!dqf j¬!
®dqf skjl!d1dqleqnJbhi3!b9hn&
!d"
!s & sofnudqfognJw&!bmdgf j5®=je´Æca$fihn~skwH!lkspFj!d

mcd(a, b) = mcd(b, r)
a$bSd>D-d}hn fs
!s & s#
!dj j dqb3hnb gdqf,dýyskfrhdqbSbmwxdqunJfdqb3hdqunf
s, t ∈ Z
h/jlkdgf(!d p a b
a =PARTICULARES,
CLASES ps b = pt, TUTORÍAS TÉCNICAS ONLINE
---

L 7 NDOPRQ8SETVUXWN[\O]`@a4SDb?SIaNOãbcWÉ5TIUO]`

mdew{n
!nq!delojSskjl#
j
r!dC
jSdgl>hdgnJurdgwxjq
!dql%udgfihn frdC^!d
!d
dqf q us,m$ sou(g nwxn a = qb + r
r = a − qb = ps − qpt = p(s − qt)

lknE!d
mdgw&!dqfrhuj!d
!s & #s
!djj
p r
d 4G#!un gjwxdqb3hdfrs !
s & #s
!dj j dgb3hnJb qdgf
p b r
b = pt r = pu,
qnJblonjvl
a = qb + r = qpt + pu = p(qt + u),

lknE!d
mdgw&!dqfrhuj!d
!s s#
!dj c acfihnJbjlks'gjltj&
!dgw{nJfrhujqs,Fbs
!dgl(lkdgwxjm
p & a
tnJuhjb3hnfls
!s & #s
!sownJf dgb9hurd dgll!urn$!lodqwxjs
mdHgjl#!loju1dgl fd
ru d
^gdjlB8îl#!lkn
!dql a
!dbfnJbjG!nJuj=bmwxdqunJfwïîf:dmmcd(a, d4ð!nJf':b) nJudql
hdgnJurdgwxjE
!dzlojE
ms & sofrs,FJbmcd(b, $Þ!!d & r) jw{dgb9hd:n
mdgw{nJf*
ms & s,
!sku dqb3hurd n$mhdqb!dgu*!b
urdgfihn :nJu.lo n !dDdgu l !urn $!lodqw=j~dgf!gjl,!ltju dgl b
Ć,fGArf3 gdqfs & jw{dgb9hd
frd & jq b r1Fj#l !loj b
mn k| !dDfrnJbSb !w{dgurnJf.dqb3mcd(r,hdgunf!:rnJ1fr)skhs & nJf(md & jvbv
mdqud>w
qsodq b
!n r2 r3
#(lodq9jvu îdgb9hnJ b qdg%
}R f mbewxnwxdqb3hnDdgbedqxl !d ydqfrhn
skH
w mlops FEj !d
r1 > r2 > r3 ...

!s #s
!dDj dglAudqfrhCn
!d#lt
j
ms & sofr,s FJbdgf dqb3hn b gdqf
f
rn = 0
rn−1 & rn−2 rn = 0
dql
mcd(a, b) = mcd(rn−2 , rn−1 ) = rn−1
ùÃg¢§Ë-cûª(ûªkÙØ$!
oµK;!´)-/{»F</ì¯=µ°¯h/~Ê¢°I®<¸·I<¯´z®-#ºèyx³Hz{zW|FèK<
ü,s & s,
!skw{nJf @@ ) ñ dqb3hud Lñ &jujn$mhdqb!dguB3
8872 = 125 × 70 + 122

#(nEmdzsob^
!s,gj!d+3
mcd(8872, 125) = mcd(125, 122).

ü,s & s,
!skw{nJf Lñ dgb9hud Lñmñ 3
125 = 122 × 1 + 3.
tnu h/jvb3hn*3
CLASES mcd(125, 122) = mcd(122,

PARTICULARES, 3)
---

[ {[¾ÉaGÖDadKa8M~aqUaqÉO]ÉNbcNÉ ¿POKO_NÌS~W@`@aRQ=O_NDaÍË L 3)
üdzb!d & *
n 3
122 = 3 × 40 + 2,
):nJu8h/jb9hn3
mcd(122, 3) = mcd(3, 2).

B huj & dB'
3
3 = 2 × 1 + 1,
lonmdzfskJb!s(J Fj*3
mcd(3, 2) = mcd(2, 1).

a ludqfrhn
!d
!s & s#
!souZ:nu L dgf8frsodqwHmud]Mnulon!dpdql
c ca$frhn
fdef3!dglkd=sob
ms,gjugnJw{nv!d @@ ) ñ Lñ fnb0:´=</ì¯I}¬-}°W~´v-}}2. n´v->p~T<¸·h
/ì-}°W~.-
mcd(8872, 125) = 1
0:>´ </ì¯I}Æ
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ä9å ¦ ª·: û(ª(ûª'3 0<®K¯I}°ÊK/ì-}´v¯I},-}°W~q-}´v¯I}ß02¯I}><V~.<¸·
¯I}
· -}=´ < È8µ °]¶42-
mcd(a, b) = 1
kÀ ºÀ cÀ
}-D® <²µ°-}°e§A¥ -¢ £G¥É-LÅH¯¥¢Ë-m£ ¸©!!a,¢ b£G∈§AZ¥ ¨- <
Ç
uÀ uÀ
ù$Ãg3¥¦ ¨¦ -Ùl Ø oµ pø02¯)
´ ->B ± ¯=´ <V~ª/ì¯x® -p~
ó >µ <® -}->
mcd(247, 9981)
<
ÎS£G¦u¸À ·: >ªÄCl,udqfrhn
!d
!s & s,
!sku dgb9hud lkn
!dgb!nvh/jurdgw{nJf .gnwxn
fd4ð!jltjvwxnJf8dgbdglggjGkh !lonjvb3hdgusknJu/Æa b a mod b
ù$Ãg3¥¦u¨À ¦u-À Ôól}Gµ}´><ª®--}°ï0W}-m®¯Éµ/¹g®<|±¯ï->B ±¯´=<V~ /ì¯{®-1óoµ><®-}4<
n>¢ûª(ûª':' Å ®-]- h¯h~ 0- ° °Ê/ì-}´v¯I}:-}°W~q-}´v¯I}Ì02¯I}><V~T<¸·

¯I}°1Ì-r<,}>~.-}°
} -}°W.~ -}´v¯I} ³ @~ -}#¶42- Ç
®¯I% a, b ∈ Z
s t
mcd(a, b) = sa + tb.
Ä-/ì¯I}>¨~ ´3¢ µ>²< ¹°<=a$f! b!jcgnJbmfd!dgb gsojq
!dgl>jlkJnJurs|hwns
md=aj qlos#
!dgfudgnJu3
!dgw{nJf
mdf3 :nJb!skdgb
mnH!d !hdgbGojw{nJf%!bjdý^mudgfrs,FJbc
!dltj&D-nuwxj*3
a≥b
a = q0 b + r0
b = q 1 r0 + r 1
r0 = q 2 r1 + r 2
|k
---

L @ NDOPRQ8SETVUXWN[\O]`@a4SDb?SIaNOãbcWÉ5TIUO]`
rn−3 = qn−1 rn−2 + rn−1

rn−2 = qn rn−1

mnJb
!d
rn−1 = mcd(a, b)
À jw{nJf#jv
!dgw{nJfrhuju!dCjujqFj
j
> zdýysofihdgb<dqb3hdqunJf
!d
ri i ≥ 0
w{n
!nE!d+3 s i ti
ri = si a + ti b.
a$frhngnb gl#^Jdzdql(lodqw=j&:nJu3!d
rn−1 = mcd(a, b)
#H
j
!dqwxnfrhuj g#s FJq b !d & jwxnfj!udqfdgb9h/judqfx
!d#jlk!bjwxjb!dguj^gnJbmfrhu3 >w
hs & jy s
!dqf :\d ijw{nJf dgbÌlt j :dgb mlkhskwxj{so j#l
j
6d ý^mudgfjw{nJfpdgl
>
qnJw{v n qnJ& w $!sob!j g#s FJbloskb!dFjvlcdqb3hdguq
rn−1
j
!d -dgfih
n !skdgur
d
!d gsk mded ýysob)
u mcd(a, Rf w
hdgr b
!nJfb !w{dgunfdgb9hdqunJf
!drwxn−3 n
ms
n r!n−2
d }
s jw{nJ f
!dg3f :8d ij^b
!n A B
dgbltjfsk !sodqb3hdso !j,l
+j
6 dqblojjb9hdqusonug|kE
mcd(a, b) = Arn−3 + Brn−2

>urd & !uurdgb3hdgw{dgb9hd jw{nJrf{ n−2
3f !frhskh Jdg b
!ndqbÂltjfd ý!urdgfsknJb!dqfjvb3hdqusknJudqf 8j
rn−3
l Jbjvl
&
d ý!udqfjw{nJf qnJwx n gn w $msobj q,s Fblksob!dgjl(dqb3hdguH j
!d !d#dqj f i3!frh/j w
w{dgb9hdlkE n ! mdgudqwxb)nfg
d mcd(a, a b
4nJuwxjlk;s 'FjwnJf8dql(u
j 'qnJbjw{skdgb3h n :nJu so b
^g#s FJs b gnJ w !lkdqhj~dqb
a$g l Fjfrn dg*f qsodqurhE
n mdgfrhH n !
d 3 i
i=0
r0 = a − q0 b.
tnu h/jvb3hn
a$lBF jfrn s0 = 1 dgf.th/0 j=w&$m−q s,g0bc. qsodguihnH^!dgfihnC!d @üdDdgfihd#w{n
!n
r 1 = b − q 1 r0
f3! frhskhJ dgb
mn=loj~skjl#
j
jb3hdgusknJuhdqb!dgw{nJf43
i=1
r1 = b − q1 (a − q0 b) = (1 + q1 q0 )b − q1 a.
tnu h/jvb3hn
s1 = −q1 t1 = 1 + q1 q0
À dFjvwxnJf.
c j+G!nJujE!dzfs(dgllkdgwxj~dgf*qsodguihn!jujEjl,!skdgu & jlonudqfrhus,}h/jw{dqb3hd
w{dgbmnJu(!d h/jvw$ms,qblkndqf*juj
a$bSd D-d qhi n !hdqb!dgw{nJ4f 3 i
ri = ri−2 − qi ri−1 .
.fjb^
!nxlojGms,Fhdgfskf(
!dsob
^gs#FJbsjuj fdn$mhsodqb!d
3
ri−1 ri−2
ri = (si−2 a + ti−2 b) − qi (si−1 a + ti−1 b).

tnu h/jvb3hn
ai = si−2 − qi si−1TUTORÍAS TÉCNICAS ONLINE
---

[ {[¾ÉaGÖDadKa8M~aqUaqÉO]ÉNbcNÉ ¿POKO_NÌS~W@`@aRQ=O_NDaÍË L 9*

bi = ti−2 − qi ti−1
Gjgdqbq!dzfrd Jdgurs(JW!ddgl(lkdgwxjm
ù$Ãg¢§Ëûªûª'¢NóB0:´v-}´ì-> µ°¯h/ì¯?µ°¯h/:®<¸°¢µ><²¹°<¸°=- $®-JyS³

è^
< mcd(35, 20)
jfdý^mudgfrsonJbmdgf*
!dgljlkJnJus hwn
mdDaj qlos#
!dgfB3
35 = 20 × 1 + 15
20 = 15 × 1 + 5
acb9hnJb^gdqf
!dqf :d8ijvb
!n#dqlpdgbxloj1fdq!b
jzskjl#
j
~n$yhdgbmdgw{nJf
5 = 20 − 15 × 1
üdg3f :8d ij b
mndql L {dgbÌltj!ursow{dguj{so!jl,
j+
!fihs|h^Jdqb
!ndql
15 = 35 − 20 × 1 >
fdg ! b
! n jlonu dgblt&
j !ursow{dgujsk j#l
j
>!dgff
!dqsouB3
5 = 20 − (35 − 20 × 1
5 = 2 × 20 + (−1) × 35.
kÀ
¥É:Ëm¥ -ûª(û(ª'û¼06 °
Z
®¯I}°Ê}´v¯I}°=¯°e²±{~T<¸·
¯I}4<x0<
} ¢°}°W~\}´°¯2¯I}><V~.<¸·
¯?¶4=a,®b<¸·I∈<®
ï e:´°¯g®
µ>~.¯ ³ }°W~q¯°µ}
1 ì¯I}>~¨3´ ¢>µ <²¹° < ÿnwxn
& f
!dqllodqw=jr
!d+dqnmh.fd
!d
^ gd!d
dýysofihdgbdgb3hdgurnJf
!dw{n
!E
n !d
mcd(a, p) = 1
s, t ∈ Z
1 = sa + tp.
;q!lkhs,!lks#gjb
mn:nJu fdzn$mhskdgb!d'!d
b
b = sab + tpb.
ÿnJw{n
!s#¢s#
!dj frdhskdgbmd !dzdýmskfrhd hjl6!d
!ddgfihdzw{n
!n
p ab c∈Z ab = pc
b = spc + tpb = p(sc + tb).

Ï:nJu8h/jb9hn
!spys#
!dj
p b
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3 · 4 ≡ 0 mod 6 3 · 5 ≡ 3 mod 6 3 · 0 ≡ 0 mod 6
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5x + 2 ≡ 5 mod 7.
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x ≡ 3 mod 5
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CLASES PARTICULARES, 105 TÉCNICAS ONLINE
---

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5888851358 ≡ 72 mod 99
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259632147 ≡ 93 mod 99
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---

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x ≡ 30 mod 100.
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x ≡ 30 mod 100
x ≡ 25 mod 99
x ≡ 13 mod 97
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12345 = 5 × 100 + 4 × 101 + 3 × 102 + 2 × 103 + 1 × 104 .

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---

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1653 = 3 × 19 × 29.
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---

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[1, 1, 0]
üpjw{nJfcf F lonltj1s,!
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d.w&! l|hs#! lkspFj+gs#FJbk×yd*
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lksofih/jq nJbÂ°=¯Wv} Å dqlodqwxdqb3hnfg5íjLmm dq nJb!frhu ! sku! b$ ^g loÇ d!dxudqnJuurdxltj
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e? > ñ 7 }
3 × 4 = 12 ≡ 0 mod 12 2 × 6 = 12 ≡ 0 mod 12
m ñ @ =? Æ
uÀ uÀ
2 × 8 = 16 ≡ 1 mod 15 4 × 4 = 16 ≡ 1 mod 15
ùÃg3¥v¦ ¦ -<!
s¸
mcd(10223, 33341) = mcd(33341, 10223)
ÿnwxn
33341 mod 10223 = 2672
mcd(33341, 10223) = mcd(10223, 2672)
ÿnwxn
10223 mod 2672 = 2207
mcd(10223, 2672) = mcd(2672, 2207)
ÿnwxn
2672 mod 2207 = 465
mcd(2672, 2207) = mcd(2207, 465)
ÿnwxn
2207 mod 465 = 347
mcd(2207, 465) = mcd(465, 347)
ÿnwxn
465 mod 347 = 118
CLASESmcd(465, 347) = mcd(347,

PARTICULARES, 118)
---

[Ê{[¾Ê hÊ$`ßNDaNDaW@d ÈÊXdTIÊ$UuS~W@d ÚÉ)J)
ÿnJw{n
347 mod 118 = 111
mcd(347, 118) = mcd(118, 111)

ÿnJw{n
118 mod 111 = 7,
mcd(118, 111) = mcd(111, 7)

ÿnJw{n
111 mod 7 = 6
mcd(111, 7) = mcd(7, 6)
4sobjvlowdgb9hd+ qnJw{n
7 mod 6 = 1
mcd(7, 6) = mcd(6, 1) = 1
nff
!nJfb!wxdqunJf(
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mcd(385, 1729) = mcd(1729, 385)
ÿnJw{n
1729 mod 385 = 189
mcd(1729, 385) = mcd(385, 189)

ÿnJw{n
385 mod 189 = 7
mcd(385, 189) = mcd(189, 7)

ÿnJw{n
189 mod 7 = 0
mcd(189, 7) = mcd(7, 0)
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n

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n = a0 + a1 10 + a2 102 + a3 103 + ... + am 10m

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---

ÚG) @ NDOPRQ8SETVUXWN[\O]`@a4SDb?SIaNOãbcWÉ5TIUO]`
n ≡ a0 + a1 + ... + an mod 9.
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3 + 5 = 8 8 mod 5 = 3 mod 5
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0G!dgw{nJf%!fj
mn!d
841234 mod 5 = (−1)1234 mod 5 = 1 mod 5 84 mod 5 =

(−1) mod 5
(245 + 1321) mod 5 = (0 + 1) mod 5 = 1 mod 5
sost
(4 + 5) mod 2 = (0 + 1) mod 2 = 1 mod 2
(1044 + 8) mod 2 = (0 + 0) mod 2 = 0 mod 2
(9 × 8) mod 2 = (1 × 0) mod 2 = 0 mod 2
841234 mod 2 = 01234 mod 2 = 0 mod 2
(245 + 1321) mod 2 = (1 + 1) mod 2 = 0 mod 2
soskst
(3 + 75) mod 7 = (3 + (−2)) mod 7 = 1 mod 7
(234 + 458) mod 7 = (3 + 3) mod 7 = 6 mod 7
(9 × 8) mod 7 = (2 × 1) mod 1 = 2 mod 1
841234 mod 7 = 01233 mod 7 = 0 mod 7
uÀ uÀ
(245 + 1321) mod 7 = (0 + 5) mod 7 = 5 mod 7.
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x ≡ 2 mod 6 x
K1 ∈ Z
x = 2 + 6K1
efs dqb3hnb gdqf,dqb3hnJb qdgf frd^!d
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x ≡ 3 mod 9
m
nJb
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2 + 6K1 = 3 + 9K2
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6K1 − 9K2 = 1 TUTORÍAS TÉCNICAS ONLINE
---

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tdgun lknE!dzskwHmlks#Fj
6K1 − 9K2 = 3(2K1 − 3K2 )
3(2K1 − 3K2 ) = 1
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c+o!f3Fjw{nJf hjlkdgf(!d
p1 = 5 p2 = 7 P = 35 P1 = 7, P2 = 5 q1 q2
q1 7 ≡ 1 mod 5
q2 5 ≡ 1 mod 7
t urn$jw{nJflknJff
!spJdgurfnJffvjlknJudqff:nJfs#$!lodqf*
md CJdgw{nJf*!d
c fjvhskf3Djqdzloj
d!jgs#FJbíjqdgw{nJflkn=w{sofrwxnqnJb qgnwHq!1 urn$jw{nJf*!d q1 = 3
fjvhskf3Djqd#loj
d! jg s#JF b q2 q2 = 3
a$b3hnJb q dgf dgl(b! w{dgunE$ ! f3F jm
nxdgf
x = (3 × 3 × 7 + 5 × 3 × 5) mod 35 = 138 mod 35 = 33 mod 35

üddgfrhdzw{n
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k∈Z
x = 33 + 35k
sost 8+o!f gjw{nJf h/jvlodgf

md p1 = 11 p2 = 13 P = 143 P1 = 13, P2 = 11 q1 q2
q1 13 ≡ 1 mod 11
q2 11 ≡ 1 mod 13
t urn$jw{nJflknJff
!spJdgurfnJffvjlknJudqff:nJfs#$!lodqf*
md CJdgw{nJf*!d
c fjvhskf3Djqdzloj
d!jgs#FJbíjqdgw{nJflkn=w{sofrwxnqnJb qgnwHq!1 urn$jw{nJf*!d q1 = 6
fjvhskf3Djqd#loj
d! jg s#JF b q2 q2 = 6
a$b3hnJb q dgf dgl(b! w{dgunE$ ! f3F jm
nxdgf
x = (5 × 6 × 13 + 7 × 6 × 11) mod 143 = 852 mod 143 = 137 mod 143

ü ddgfrhdzw{n
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k∈Z
x = 137 + 143k.
---

Ú @Û NDOPRQ8SETVUXWN[\O]`@a4SDb?SIaNOãbcWÉ5TIUO]`

---

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LLAMA O ENVÍA Ú @ Ú WHATSAPP: 689 45 44 70
---

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T otal : 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 63.
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T otal : 64 − 1 = 63.
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256 + 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 511.

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---

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{1, 2}
{2, 3}, {2, 4}, ..., {2, 14}.

a$frhH
d !urn qdgfrn?frH
d md
!dxskuurd !s|hskdg b
!)
n Idqf qu,s $msoulojlosofih/jCgnJw!lkdqh/jAj
!dqwìîvf
fsouRJd jujE
mdgw{nJfrhuju(!dzlojf(jurd8ijf(nfs#$!lodqffrnJb6
13 + 12 + 11 + 10 + 9 + ... + 1.
Ï:nultjD0FJurwmltj
!dltjf !wxj
!dzlknJf'Ú
!ursow{dgurnJf b!w{dgunfbjvh !ujvlodgf
(14 × 13)/2.
tnJu.h/jvb3hnmusob^gs,!jlkw{dgb9hdD¦J: £F!¥E:dqun=hjw&$!s,qbSy =¹¢¥É!¥frnJbÌlonf,n$ird>w
hs#Jnffm
dglgF j+ kÙ h ! lon!
---

Ú@ àSá PRQ4STVUXW¦¨[ à W@bvM~aqË á S~W`Ìa á
ªÜvô Ýæåÿ%÷gÿ8üzù û)¬PßS¬ÿs¬fÞ
À>jvwxnfjE!urdgskfjvultjf%
!d Ø bms,gsknJb!dqff
!dlonJf%gnJb qdmhnJf*!dG!dqwxnJf(!udqfdgb9h/j+
!n!

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¢ uÀ
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y°r}*®}µ¯°L°¢°W~.¯®>:´v¯g®
µ>~.¯?µ ´=~8}><.°=¯
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® p.8ì ¯v=´ f : A → B â A×B

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ä9å ¦ ª·: ¾ ú ªkªo¼06 ° ³ ®¯I}zµ°¯°L°¢°W~q¯I},³ y°8ì¢°µ><²¹°?®
f :A→B
}° ¨ A B A
B
06e®<²µ=¶4 À ºÀ
} xÖ:¢¦£ ¸©!P}><k^´3µ 3®{^´=®)>,>}°W~q¯I}
a, b ∈ A
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·}´=< È8µ ° f
}I ~T<@}°eD¶4 â
06®<²µf(a) ¶4W = f (b) ºÀ
}-g/A¥{Ö:¢¦£ ¸©! a=b
}><l^´ µ 9®{
b ∈ B
r<,}>~\,¢ ° >,>}°W~.¯
® ìg¯ ®x ¯ ¶4W
f
â
a∈A
06#®<²µD¶4W
f
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}*/ VÖ:y¦£ -©mm}><o} <¸°³/µ>~.<¸·hx³E}¯
g® ´}³/µ>~.<¸·h{â
b = f (a)
ù Ãg¢§Ë--%
ú ªkª(Í û 0e ³ ¶4W E+}=<|±°cÌµ 9®{ >
A=B=R f :R→R x∈R
·h¯ ´~®} µ^ 9®´ 9®¯ â2 =06&~T<@}°e¶4 °=q ¯ }<¸°³{/µ>~T<¸·h&2¯ ´¶4W {®I¯ }
°Ê}´vI¯ }p´ ,}®<,}>~.<¸°W~qfI¯ } (x)2¯ =´0x°L> ¯ > ³>
f
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â 2 −2 f (2) = f (−2) =
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g® ´}³/µ>~.<¸·h2¯ ´¶4W 1Û^³=°Ê}´vI¯ }D´ ,}xÅ~.g¯ ®I¯ }I¯ }z°e²±{~T<¸·
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¶4W z°=& ¯ }I(W ®}°}Gµ}´=<ª® <¸´#µ°h¯ ìC ¯ >µ^ 9®´39®x ¯ ®øy °°Ê}´° ¯ ´ pâ Ç
Øoh¯ ì ¯ °=C ¯ }<¸°³{/µ>~T<¸·h?Åç°W<k~@»G¯ µ° ¯ }¯
g® ´}³/µ>~.<¸·h °=C ¯ })® <¸³{/µ>~T<¸·h{â
Ç

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ä9å ¦ ª·: ¾úªkª;ú 06 ° ³ ®¯I}#µ°¯°L°¢°W~.¯I} }I®<²µ¶4W ¢Ë>¦J!¥ AË> /À
À
À
- -¡¹A!ËB¯¹{yËA¦Jm¥v AAËA B ³'}I"}Gµ}´=<ª®>
B |A| = |B|
}><Br<,}>~8y°>ì¢°µ><²¹A°
®<¸{³ /µ>~T<¸·h?ÅH¯ï®<¸³/µ/µ><²¹° } °W~´ ³ â
Ç

À uÀ
À
A B
ä9å ¦ : A -úªk(ªk ê°Ð°µ ¯L° °¢°W~q¯ }I{®<²µå -£GP}>< ¯Ï®<@}°:}>>µ°¯°L°¢°W~q¯
h· ¢µ}62 ¯ ¯À®<@}æ ° r <,}>~8 ³ ¢°¾®<¸³/µ/µ><²¹°
F
A }°W~¨´ ³
}><@}°:® ¯ >p°µ ¯L° °¢W° ~.n¯®∈cN¯I}S°Ê }v´ ¯I}° ~ ¢´ f,}c: A}=° →¯Ń}n¯<|±
^,A}?¶4W Nn
Nn n
â
Nn = {1, 2, ..., n}
0< } >(µ°¯ °L°¢°W~q¯D·h¢µ}26¯
A=∅
®-Èc°W<Vì¯I}'>y¦J!¥ ¨ Ë8® µ°¯hì¯E
À
}>~q¯
}ID®}°=h¯ ~?¨
A A
|∅| = 0.
0< }_¢°µ°¯°L°¢°W~q¯ Èc°W<V~.¯{°=¯·h¢µ}26¯C}°W~.¯°µ}%^´3ïy°µ><@}´=~.¯ r<,}>~\
¢°5®<¸³{/µ/µ>²< ¹°
A
f : A → Nn
³e®- Èc°W<Vì
¯I}> ¦J!¥ A!Ë,® µ°¯hì /À
¯
A n
n∈N
¨
|A| = n.
---

¨[AYK[ZS à ËÌa àSá d É]Ê}ÈÊ à TIÊXË%S~W Ú@
B !$ fdqu3jwxnff!dltjb!nqs,FJb)
!d gju
msobjldqfrh°î$!sodqbc
md Ø b!s#
j:nJu !dfrs(dýmskfrhd
!bjE$!spJdgs,Fbdgb9hurd dqb3hnJb gdqf
Nn Nm n=m
ù$Ãg¢§Ë-úªoªkç< 6 0 >cµ°¯°L°y°W~.¯®&ph}&,>~´ h}®>k ì?®>>~.¯q} Ú=¯hpâ«6
¯ ´®}°¢µ><²¹°Ï ì?>® ?>~.Ç<²µ Â® >A~8}´=<¸°\¢°}®<¸³{/µÆµ><²¹°è}°W~¨´ ³ âÙ¯Ì¯´~@°W~q¯
A N29
â
|A| = 29
<V< óo.µ ´®<¸°8®>.µ°¯ °L°y °W~. ¯ ®)I¯ }°Ê}´vI¯ }°~ªy ´3,} °=
¯ W ®}I}´
Èc°W<V~q Ç
¯ 2¯ ´¶4W
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¢ °v><²µ ¢µ><²¹°c® <¸³{/µ>~T<¸·h}°W~´
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¢ °}*}® µ°v¯ °°y °W~.¯
N
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Nn
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A B
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D¥É§ -¢A!Õ'ªf×ys dqb3hnb gdqf
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D¥É§ -¢ A!Ñªüpj
!ndglf $qnJbhi3!b9hn
|A ∪ B| = |A| + |B|
B⊂A

!d Ø b!sow{nJf8dgl6gnJw!lkdgw{dgb3hjuskn
!d
dgb ! dgf qus|hn gnwxn dgb9hnJb qdgf
B A B A − B = {x ∈ A : x ∈
/ B}
|B| = |A| − |B|.

À
D¥É§ -¢A!áû(ªf×ys dgb3hnJb qdgf
À
D¥É§ -¢A!úAª
A⊂B |A| ≤ |B|.
À
D¥É§ -¢A!Ñ(ª
|A ∪ B| = |A| + |B| − |A ∩ B|.
|A × B| = |A| × |B|.
acfih/j!un!sod
j
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!dqb!nJw{sobjvu´²±p~®>:´v¯g®
µ>~.¯$a$fih/j$!lkdqd,lonfsk!skdgbw
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j
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f gnJhb i3mb3h/jvwxdqb3hd.
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mq d
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nm
À cÀ uÀ À
D¥É§ -¢A!Ó(ª#z¥ ¨ A¦ -§ ¸yË§!Ë:!¥3! ª ×ys
|A| > |B|
dgb9hnJ b qdgf,b!Hn G!Ij smbj
D0! b g#s FJbso{b Jd }h#s E j
!d dqb
A B
ù$Ãg3¥¦uÀ¨¦uÀ-ÔÄ&>ì¯I}>~¨´3´¶4Wfph}k:´v¯<@®{9®}%J#³§"}¯°q¶4<¸·h,}°W~8}âÄ&>ì¯I}>³
~¨´3´ ph}(:´v¯<@®{9®}zºC)y{â
¶ /S-q¢¥G©m¦u-À -úAªkªt¦< «6 :´v¯<@®{9®ès><²µ 9®{H~¨´}µ°¯°L°¢°W~q¯I}Èc°W<V~.¯I}}I
®,±}°e}´3<pI´4¨ Ç
CLASES|APARTICULARES,
∪ B ∪ C| = TUTORÍAS TÉCNICAS ONLINE
---

Ú @J7 àSá PRQ4STVUXW¦¨[ à W@bvM~aqË á S~W`Ìa á
= |A| + |B| + |C| − |A ∩ B| − |B ∩ C| − |A ∩ C| + |A ∩ B ∩ C|.

Á©}I!W®}°£}Gµ}´=<ª®<¸´%ìF¹´=%ph}°:»¯±{h}*^´3Ìµ 9®{5y°W<²¹°{Èc°W<V~@S®xµ°¯°L°¢°W~q¯I}
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} °ª~ ¢´ ,} µ°¯° â 0(< ¶4} ´>ì
¯I, } µ°¯h ¯Gµ ´ ¯
®T°L>.~ ¯I}} °
µ 3°h} m, } °cn ±
y° ®'>Vpz
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µ>.~ ¯eµ ´>~\}><. °=¯&}L
m/n
±} °e} ´3<pI? ¨
Ç
|A1 × A2 × ... × An | = |A1 | × |A2 | × ... × |An |.
ùÃg¢§Ë--%úªkªk®><²µ ¢µ><²¹°® ph}%:´°¯<@®{9®}â
< 06 >µ°¯ °L°y ° ~qI¯ ®s~°=¯I}~¨´=<²µp9®¯}c}° ±
¢°h}><|±°~ª¢´ ®
:´=<VÇ }´v¯ A >pµ°¯ °L°¢ °W~q ¯ ® ~°=I¯ }c~¨´=<²µ p9®¯ }}° ±
¢ °:h}><|±°~ªy ´3<®

}I²±
¢ °:®¯ âÂó,µ°¯ °L°¢ °W~q¯
B
~T<@}°e?µ ´®<¸°%èy³£>.µ°¯ °L°y °W~.¯ ~T<@}°e?µ ´r®<¸°
è9è^â¾ ³cr¢µ>~@}°W~8AyC ~°=I¯ }#¶4W ~T<@}°e}°r ±
¢ °sh}><|±°B ~ª¢ ´ ®f:´=<V}´v¯
³ ±
y °<®)}I²±
y °:®¯ âæó%°W~.¯ °µ}>°Ê}´°r ¯ ~.h¯ ~,®v
~°=I¯ }?®:´=<V}´°I ¯ ³
}I²±
¢ °:®& ¯ }I}´Æ2. ><²µ °:® ¯ p{¯%´v¯ <@®{9®Kk¨

|A ∪ B| = 250 + 220 − 50 = 420.
<V< 06 >1µ¯°L°¢°W~.¯]®^p?®g´3h}Ì®µ^~¨´v¯,>~´3h}â 0<Vpì¯I}
Ç
ì?®>>~.¯C}\^Ú=¯h}I~.<@}°e4¨
P A
P = A × A × A × A.
Øo¯°¯eµ {}°:®¯´><V~\}´33®{}°W~\'p{¯%´v¯<@®{9®Cy?¨

|P | = 294 .
<V<V< 0<Bp}I²±
¢°:®{,>~´3&,jW®<Vì¯I}.¶4(}I #·
¯Gµ }°W~.¯°µ} >µ¯°L°¢°W~.¯
®*ph}jÇ ^p?®g´3h}®1µ^~¨´v¯,>~´3h}µ¢ ³}Iç±
¢ °:®{,>~´3H}Ì y°·
¯Gµ e}'>:´°¯g®
µ>R
~q¯
µ ´=~\}><.°=¯
R = A × V × A × A,
®¯°:® }>µ°¯°L°y°W~.¯x®ph}·
¯Gµ ,} 2 ¯´ ~@°W~q¯
V
|R| = 293 × 5.
<¸· ó%°µ^|¶4<@}´1µ¯°L°¢°W~.¯~®J§+z"W}´}¯ °h} Û^J³~®¯I}µy³?¯I}zµx#Ú=¯I}(}¯°
>*<,Ç }>ì¯<®2.{âÍó%°è-ìL/µ>~q¯ µ°¯hìP ¯ >1µ°¯ °L°y
°W~.<¯ ®HW}´}¯ °h} ~T<@}°eµ ´r®<¸°
³?¯´1¶4W>®1®2.h}1®>e Ú=¯ Å }° ~q¯ °µ} P2¯ ´ >:´=<¸°µ><²<6¯
®>W^¯h´ µ |¶4<@}´%ì¢°µ><²¹D
°®368
>}° 365 = }|D|
°= Ç
¯ <¸°³/µ>~.<¸·h }~®/µ><¸´zÛ^³®I¯ }
W}´}¯°h}z¶4 µ,}°mÚ=I¯ }>g<,}>ìP{¯ ®2.{â
D
---

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tjurhsow{nJf%
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l Úloj !ltjh/j~jl ñ dgg l $!urnJ b gdzjl
} ×¢dhujvh/ j
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N3 N154

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!d dgb gnJb!frsofihddqab
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N3 N154 f (1) = a ∈ N154 f (2) = b ∈ N154
f
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gnJurud
mnJu/Æ&"!bjJd!dÌfdvGjdgfih/j$!lkdqs,
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9jbj+!
nJuo!
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d'! ltjh/jG jLvÉÚ
: nJfs#!$ solks#!
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nJf nfs#!$ lodqf jujdgll!$ unb g dv¬üdxdgfihd
wxn!
n*G jI : nJfrs,!$ lkdgfAudqf ! l|h/j!
nf!
dloj*g juudquj,nd! s# jlodqb3hdqw{dgb3hd
GjI 154×153×152
D0! b q sonb!dgfsob{J d} hspv jff!
d dgb
154 × 153 × 152 N3 N154
a$frhneb!nJf:dgurwxs|hd!lojb3hdFju.dglB!un$mlodgwxj{Jdqb!dgujl!djvh/j+ð!djvlBgnJb^gdyhn)
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md!D0!b qsonJb!dqfsob{Jd}hspvjf
!dglxqnJbhi3!b9hn
dgbdggl qnJhb i3!b9hn Vm,n
Nn Nm
¶ uÀ
/S-q¢¥G©m¦ ¸· úª(û(ª'¬ó¯%´=<¸°µ><²<6¯®>^¯h´*}I}Úp=¶4W}>< }°W~q¯°µ}
°=¯~Û^ ³~@,}cì¢°µ><6¯°e} <¸°³{/µ>~T<¸·hh} }>~q¯C} â n>m
CLASES PARTICULARES, Vm,n = 0 TUTORÍAS TÉCNICAS ONLINE
---

Ú @J@ àSá PRQ4STVUXW¦¨[ à W@bvM~aqË á S~W`Ìa á
bjJdqb!dgujlos#Fjqs,FJbfrdgb qsolkltj&
!dlonJf ujgnbjw{sodgb9hnJf%
!dqld\irdgw!lonjb3hdgusknJu8sob
!s#Fj
.
!dfs
m≥n
Vm,n = m × (m − 1) × ... × (m − n + 1) = m!/(m − n)!.

ùÃg¢§Ë- ú ª(ûªkNóo(°Ê}´°¯x®cìy°µ><6¯°e} <¸°³{/µ>~T<¸·hh}D¶4W }I(W®}°}>~@?®,/µ}´
}°W~´ ³ }4¨
N5 N10
V10,5 = 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6.

À uÀ
ä9å ¦ ª:· ¾ ú ª( û ô!°Ê}´v¯
û ªÔ ®(ìy °µ><6¯ °e}(<¸°³/µ>~.<¸·hh}"}°W~¨´@y °?µ°¯ °L°¢ °W~q¯
®µ ´r®<¸° ³}h¯ ~´°]¯ ®µ ´r®<¸°m,n
V
µ°¯ ° }I,Vp Ò3¥É
cÀ uÀ
©m!¥ -¦ : -~A n
m
yË-¢¢ £G-#£G:x-
m m ≥ n
n
¢
n
³E}I ~T<@}°e
Vm,n = m × (m − 1) × ... × (m − n + 1).

ùÃg¢§Ë--%úª(ûªÇú º{â8Ä&>~8}´=<¸°´,®µ! »°W~@h}!H°e}´3h}(}IlW
®}°v>,²±<¸´'>:´>³
}><®}°W~\³P>·I<²µ\:´}><®}°W~8S®Ïy °:h}G¯ µ><.¢µ><²¹°Ó®qJ{<@>:g® ´vI¯ }Å6ìy °µ><6¯ °e}
<¸°³{/µ>~T<¸·hh}D® }° â
N2 N300 Ç
V300,2 = 300 × 299

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+6(10/40) + 7(10/40) + 8(3/40) + 9(2/40) + 10(1/40) = 5.52.

V (X) = (0 − 5.52)2 (1/40) + (1 − 5.52)2 (2/40) + (2 − 5.52)2 (3/40)+
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σ(X) = 2.35.
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md Ω W!dzdqf.dql(b !w{dgur n
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4!/2 TUTORÍAS TÉCNICAS ONLINE
---

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p(2) = 3/15 CLASES PARTICULARES, TUTORÍAS TÉCNICAS ONLINE
---

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PARTICULARES,
---

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