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x’DP=0.55
F=?
Pentano y Hexano
z’FP=0.4
TF=53 °C
Pop= 1
atm
Precalentador:
Mvap=250 kg/h
Ten=110 °C
Tsal=93 °C
λvap= 428 kcal/kg
U=122 kcal/hm2°C
0.4
z ' FP Kg
72.15
PM P kmol
z ' FP = = =0.4433
z ' FP 1−z ' FP 0.4 1−0.4
+ +
PM P PM H Kg Kg
72.15 86.18
kmol kmol
0.55
x ' DP Kg
72.15
PM P kmol
x ' DP = = =0.5934
x ' DP 1−x ' DP 0.55 1−0.55
+ +
PM P PM H Kg Kg
72.15 86.18
kmol kmol
Para obtener xWP se usa la curva en equilibrio:
Aproximadamente:
x ℘=0.33
x DP =0.5934
x DH =1−0.5934=0.4066
x ℘=0.33
x WH =1−0.33=0.67
H V −hF
q=
H V −h L
H V =Cp F ( T V −T R ) + λ F
h L =CpF ( T L−T R )
T V =58.2 ° C
T L =50 °C
(
Cp F = 0.554
kcal
Kg° C
72.15)(Kg
kmol )
( 0.4433 ) + 0.542
kcal
Kg° C (
86.18
Kg
kmol )(
( 1−0.4433 )=43.72) kcal
Kmol ° C
(
λ F = 85.403
kcal
Kg )(
72.15
Kg
kmol )
( 0.4433 ) + 80.013
kcal
Kg (86.18
Kg
kmol )( )
( 1−0.4433 ) =6570.27
kcal
Kmol
(
H V = 43.72
kcal
Kmol ° C )
(58.2 °C−0 ) +6570.27
kcal
Kmol
=9114.77
kcal
kmol
(
h L = 43.72
kcal
Kmol ° C )
(50 ° C−0 )=2186
kcal
kmol
Se sabe que TF representa una mezcla de liquido más vapor, por lo cual:
h F =Cp F ( T F −T R ) + λ F (1−q)
(
h F = 43.72
kcal
Kmol ° C ) (
(53 ° C−0 ) + 6570.27
kcal
Kmol )
( 1−q ) → 1
kcal
9114.77 −h F
kmol
q= →2
kcal kcal
9114.77 −2186
kmol kmol
kcal
h F =4720.94
kmol
q=0.634
Q p=M Vap × λVap
(
Q p= 250
kg
hr )(
492
kcal
hr )
=123,000
kcal
hr
Q p=D H D +W hW −F h F
H D=Cp D ( T D −T R ) + λ D
hW =Cp W ( T W −T R )
( Kg°
Cp D= 0.554
kcal
C )( 72.15
Kg
kmol ) ( 0.5934 ) + (0.542
kcal
Kg ° C )( 86.18
Kg
kmol ) ( 1−0.5934 )=42.71
kcal
Kmol °C
H =(42.71 )
kcal kcal kcal
D ( 54 ° C−0 ) +6460.14 =8766.48
Kmol ° C Kmol kmol
h =( 44.48 )
kcal kcal
W ( 54 ° C−0 )=2617.92
Kmol ° C kmol
Balance global:
F=D+W →1
Balance global por componente:
F z FP =D x DP +W x℘
0.4433 F=0.5934 D+0.33 W →2
Balance de calor:
Q p=D H D +W hW −F h F
123,000
kcal
hr (
= 8766.48
kcal
kmol
D+ 2617.92 ) (
kcal
kmol
W − 4720.94
kcal
kmol
F →3) ( )
kmol
F=227.0429
hr
kmol
D=97.66120
hr
kmol
W =129.38170
hr
Para la recuperación del pentano y hexano:
Rec DP=
D x DP
× 100=
( 97.66120
hr )
kmol
( 0.5934 )
×100=57.57898 %
F x FP ( 227.0429 ) ( 0.4433 )
RecWH =
W x WH
×100=
( 129.38170
hr )
kmol
( 0. 67 )
×100=68.58332 %
F xF H ( 227.0429 ) ( 0. 5567 )
Para la condición térmica antes del precalentamiento:
Q P=F (h F−hF 0)
123,000
kcal
hr (
= 227.0429
kmol
hr
4720.94 )(
kcal
kmol
−h F 0 )
kcal
h F 0 =4179.19216
kmol
kcal kcal
9114.77 −4179.19216
H V −hF 0 kmol kmol
q 0= = =0.7 1233
H V −h L kcal kcal
9114.77 −2186
kmol kmol
h F 0 =Cp F ( T F 0−T R ) + λ F (1−q)
4179.19216
kcal
kmol (
= 43.72
kcal
Kmol° C
( )
T F 0−0 ) + 6570.27 (
kcal
Kmol )
( 1−0.7 1233 )
T F 0=52.35 ° C
W z F− y
=
D x−z F
kmol
129.38170
hr 0.4433− y
=
kmol x −0.4433
97.66120
hr
0.4433− y
1.3248=
x−0.4433
1.3248 ( x−0.4433 )=0.4433− y
1.3248 x−0.58728=0.4433− y
− y=1.3248 x−0.58728−0.4433
− y=1.3248 x−1.03058
y=−1.3248 x +1.03058
Para el área de transferencia de calor empleada en el precalentador:
Q p= AU ΔT mL
Qp
A=
ΔT mL U
ΔT 2− ΔT 1 ( 110−53 )−(93−52.35)
ΔT mL = = =48.36 ° C
ln
( )
ΔT 2
ΔT 1 (
ln
110−53
93−52.35 )
kcal
123,000
hr
A= =20.84 m2
(
( 48.36 °C ) 122
Kcal
hr m 2 ° C )