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MÓDULO II
Preposiciones y Conjunciones
La preposición es una palabra que relaciona los elementos de una oración. Las
preposiciones pueden indicar origen, procedencia, destino, dirección, lugar, medio,
punto de partida, motivo, etc.
a.) Con el pronombre relativo, cuando va seguido de preposición, ésta puede colocarse
en la posición final.
Las jóvenes con las que estudio (en lugar de: The girls with whom I study)
¿con quién estabas hablando? (en lugar de: To whom were you speaking?)
La preposición y la contracción
Dígaselo al presidente
http://www.mansioningles.com/gram34_ej1.htm
aquí encontrarás algunos ejercicios sobre preposiciones con las
respuestas por si quieres investigar más.
Ahora utilicemos el
ejemplo de la Unidad I. Las palabras iluminadas son preposiciones
*Fijate y compara:
Bien, más adelante volveremos al tema de las preposiciones. Por ahora esto es
suficiente para que apliques a la lectura.
Es una palabra invariable que sirve para relacionar palabras que desempeñan la misma
función dentro de la oración. También, constituye una de las clases de nexo que se usa
para relacionar dos o más oraciones.
La conjunción se utiliza básicamente para enlazar dos oraciones. También puede
enlazar frases o palabras dentro de una oración.
Ve y búscalo
AS
a.) Tiempo
Leave the room as you find it / Deja la habitación tal como la encuentres.
d.) Contraste:
Rich as he is, he isn't happy / Por muy rico que sea, no es feliz.
e.) Causa:
As you weren't there I left a message / Como no estabas allí, dejé un recado.
AS WELL AS
She does not speak French as well as you do / Ella no habla francés tan bien como tú
BECAUSE
Because he was busy he couldn't go to the party / Por estar ocupado no podía ir a la
fiesta.
Both, cuando va acompañado de la conjunción and, se usa para recalcar dos hechos de
igual importancia:
BUT
Se corresponde:
He's not only conceited but also selfish / No es sólo engreido sino también egoísta
Nobody but you could be so stupid / Sólo tú podrías ser tan tonto
EITHER... OR
FOR
Ya que... (porque)
They were tired, for they had worked all day / Estaban cansados, porque habían
pasado todo el día trabajando.
IF
b.) Opción:
LEST
A veces se usa ' lest' detrás de los verbos 'fear', ' be afraid' 'of', etc en lugar de ' that'
'Lest' es muy formal y no se utiliza habitualmente en el inglés corriente.
LIKE
Como (si)
Not only I read English but also I write it / No sólo leo en inglés, sino que también lo
escribo
OR
b.) o, si no
She only saw him twice while he was staying there / Lo vió solamente dos veces
mientras él estaba (vivendo) allí
While I admit it is difficult, I don't think it is impossible / Aunque reconozco que es
difícil, no creo que sea imposible.
http://www.esldesk.com/vocabulary/conjunctions
Canada’s annual inflation rate slowed in June as (mientras) gasoline prices fell for the first time since
October 2009 while (aunque) the costs of home upkeep and car insurance advanced. The consumer
price index rose 1 percent after a 1.4 percent gain in May, but (pero) the core rate slowed to 1.7 from
1.8 percent.
Overall and core inflation will advance at about a 2 percent pace through 2012 if(si) the economy
returns to full capacity after last year’s recession. The bank’s forecast anticipates a gradual rise in
interest rates to keep inflation at that pace. Both (tanto) gasoline prices , clothing and (como) footwear
prices fell but (pero) automobile insurance premiums and car prices rose.
http:/ www.virtualsalt.com/conjunct.htm
www www.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/bryson.ht
maquí encontrarás más información sobre conjunciones si quieres
seguir investigando
Resumen
ResumendedellaMódulo
unidadII
II
Preposiciones y conjunciones
Preposiciones:
Resumen de la unidad II
La preposición es una palabra que relaciona los elementos de una
Preposiciones y conjunciones
oración. Las preposiciones pueden indicar origen, procedencia,
Preposiciones:
destino, dirección, lugar, medio, punto de partida, motivo, etc.
La preposición es una palabra que relaciona los elementos de una
oración. Las preposiciones pueden indicar origen, procedencia,
destino, dirección, lugar, medio, punto de partida, motivo, etc.
Las principales preposiciones en inglés son:
about alrededor
Las principales de, sobre above
preposiciones por encima de
en inglés son:
detrás de, después
after among entre (tres o más)
about de
alrededor de, sobre above por encima de
at en, junto a
detrás de, después before antes de, delante de
after among entre (tres o más)
behind detrás de
de below debajo de
beneath en,
at debajo
juntodea beside
before junto
antes ade, delante de
between detrás
behind entre (dos
de o más) but
below excepto,
debajo depero
by
beneath por, junto
debajo de a down
beside hacia abajo
junto a
between entre (dos o más) but para, por,pero
excepto, durante,
except excepto for
by por, junto a down desde hace
hacia abajo
from de, desde in en, dentro
para, de
por, durante,
except excepto for
into en, adentro like como, hace
desde igual a
near
from cerca
de, de
desde of
in de dentro de
en,
into de (alejándose),
en, adentro like como, igual a
off on en, sobre
near fuera de
cerca de of de
por encima de, al
de (alejándose),
over
off since
on desde
en, sobre
otro
fueralado
de
through a través
por encimade de, al throughout por todo
over since desde
till = otro lado
hasta to a, hasta, hacia
until
through a través de throughout por todo
under
till = por debajo de up hacia arriba
hasta to a, hasta, hacia
until (poniendo) sobre,
upon with con
under encima
por debajo de up hacia arriba
without sin
(poniendo) sobre,
upon with con
encima
without sin
Resumen del Módulo II
Preposiciones y conjunciones
Conjunciones
La conjunción se utiliza básicamente par enlazar dos oraciones.
También puede enlazar frases o palabras dentro de una oración.
FOR Ya que...(porque)
Párrafo 1
U.K. economy grows 1,1% in Q2( second quarter)
Published: 7/23/2010 10:08:48 AM By: TradingEconomics.com, AP
Britain’s economy grew by 1.1 percent in the second quarter, the Office for National Statistcs said,
surprising markets that had expected more modest expansion. The jump, which marked the third
consecutive quarter of recovery, was attributed mainly to higher output by business services as well
as finance and construction. But, analysts expect the pace of recovery to slow in the second half as
the government’s cuts in public spending and jobs begin to bite.
Párrafo 2
Government bond
This page displays government bonds yields taken from 10 year notes for several countries. A
government bond is a bond issued by a national government denominated in the country's own
currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as
sovereign bonds. The first ever government bond was issued by the English government in 1693 to
raise money to fund a war against France. Government bonds are usually referred to as risk-free
bonds, because the government can raise taxes to redeem the bond at maturity. Some counter
examples do exist where a government has defaulted on its domestic currency debt, such as Russia
in 1998 (the "ruble crisis"), though this is very rare. As an example, in the US, Treasury securities are
denominated in US dollars. In this instance, the term "risk-free" means free of credit risk.
Párrafo 3
The Economics of English
Posted by: Michale Mandel on November 08
The BPO and IT industries today absorb smart, technically qualified people as well as eminently
employable talents. There is a serious shortage of people for other, not-so-paying, smaller
businesses who also need similar skill sets. Those earning high call-centre salaries are unwilling to
consider less-paying but more challenging employment that requires aptitude, learning and slower
initial growth.
it is necessary to address an important differentiator that has already emerged in the job market
today. It is the earning difference between those who are conversant with the English language and
those who aren’t. Salary differences between equally qualified (non-professional/technical)
candidates can be as high as 400 to 500 per cent. In fact, the more fancied jobs in airlines, hotels,
media, banks and financial services only to those who know English, the rest are forced into less
fancied assignments.
Módulo II Ejercitación
Respuestas
Párrafo 1
U.K. economy grows 1,1% in Q2( second quarter)
Published: 7/23/2010 10:08:48 AM By: TradingEconomics.com, AP
Britain’s economy grew by 1.1 percent in the second quarter, the Office for National Statistcs said,
surprising markets that had expected more modest expansion. The jump, which marked the third
consecutive quarter of recovery, was attributed mainly to higher output by business services as well as
finance and construction. But, analysts expect the pace of recovery to slow in the second half as the
government’s cuts in public spending and jobs begin to bite.
Párrafo 2
Government bonds
This page displays government bonds yields taken from 10 year notes for several countries. A
government bond is a bond issued by a national government denominated in the country's own
currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as
sovereign bonds. The first ever government bond was issued by the English government in 1693 to raise
money to fund a war against France. Government bonds are usually referred to as risk-free bonds,
because the government can raise taxes to redeem the bond at maturity. Some counter examples do
exist where a government has defaulted on its domestic currency debt, such as Russia in 1998 (the
"ruble crisis"), though this is very rare. As an example, in the US, Treasury securities are denominated in
US dollars. In this instance, the term "risk-free" means free of credit risk.
Párrafo 3
The Economics of English
Posted by: Michale Mandel on November 08
The BPO and IT industries today absorb smart, technically qualified people as well as eminently
employable talents. There is a serious shortage of people for other, not-so-paying, smaller businesses
who also need similar skill sets. Those earning high call-centre salaries are unwilling to consider less-
paying but more challenging employment that requires aptitude, learning and slower initial growth.
it is necessary to address an important differentiator that has already emerged in the job market today.
It is the earning difference between those who are conversant with the English language and those who
aren’t. Salary differences between equally qualified (non-professional/technical) candidates can be as
high as 400 to 500 per cent. In fact, the more fancied jobs in airlines, hotels, media, banks and financial
services only to those who know English, the rest are forced into less fancied assignments.