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Solución
Comp. Zi
CO2 0.0008
N2 0.0164
C1 0.284
C2 0.0716
C3 0.1048
i-C4 0.042 V
Condición: =0.6
n-C4 0.042 F
i-C5 0.0191
n-C5 0.0191
n-C6 0.0405
C7+ 0.3597
Para calcular las composiciones de salida del separador, se tratará como una
operación Flash. A continuación, se desarrollan las ecuaciones para la
determinación de las composiciones y temperatura operativa.
F=L+V ( I)
Zi F=x i L+ y i V (II)
L=F−V
De la relación de equilibrio
yi
k i= (IV )
xi
Zi F=x i ( F−V ) +k i x i V (V )
Zi =xi 1−( V
F )
+k i xi
V
F
Despejando x i
Zi
x i= (VI )
V
1+ (k i −1)
F
Sustituyendo en (VI )
Zi
x i=
( [
V Pci 5.37 ( 1+w )(1− T ) ]
)
T ci
2
1+ e −1
F P
Σ x i=1
[ ]
Zi
∑ =1
( [ ( )]
)
T ci
V Pci 5.37 (1 +w 2) 1−
T
1+ e −1
F P
Cálculo de T op y x i
Para calcular T op se debe llevar a cabo un proceso iterativo, tal que
∑ x i=1
0.0008
xC O =
[( ( )))−1 ]
2
1+ 0.6
1071 psi
14.7 psi
exp 5.37 (1+ 0.2667) 1− (
87.91+460
100+460
x C O =1.5677 x 10−5
2
Iteración 1
T, °F = 100
Zi
x i=
(1+ VF ( k −1))
Comp. Zi ki
i
Iteración 3
T, °F = 134
Zi
x i=
(1+ VF ( k −1))
Comp. Zi ki
i
y i=k i x i
y C O =0.00132617
2
T =134 ℉
Zi
x i=
( )
Comp. ki V yi
1+ ( k i−1 )
F
CO2 123.5071786 1.07376E-05 0.00132617
N2 1042.650604 2.61985E-05 0.02731587
C1 447.5412543 0.001056057 0.4726293
C2 74.43974211 0.001588857 0.1182741
C3 19.78248666 0.008541511 0.16897233
i-C4 7.973108648 0.008102063 0.06459862
n-C4 5.82477217 0.010783434 0.06281104
i-C5 2.453177029 0.010203503 0.025031
n-C5 1.9228603 0.012293107 0.02363793
n-C6 0.695922733 0.049538034 0.03447464
C7+ 0.000825263 0.898138199 0.0007412
1.000281701 0.9998122
Pesos moleculares
∑ y i PM i=PM V
Para ello se calcula cada y i × PM i como se muestra a continuación
lb
y C O PM C O =0.00132617× 44.01
2 2
lbmol
lb
y C O PM C O =0.05836496
2 2
lbmol
Comp. yi PM i y i∗PM i
CO2 0.00132617 44.01 0.05837592
N2 0.02731587 28.0134 0.76535406
C1 0.4726293 16.043 7.58381603
C2 0.1182741 30.07 3.55717009
C3 0.16897233 44.097 7.45257226
i-C4 0.06459862 58.123 3.75537114
n-C4 0.06281104 58.123 3.65145207
i-C5 0.025031 72.15 1.80632575
n-C5 0.02363793 72.15 1.70579688
n-C6 0.03447464 86.177 2.97147944
C7+ 0.0007412 252 0.18681758
0.9998122 33.4945312
lb
PM V =33.4882
lbmol
∑ x i PM i=PM L
Para el C O2
−5 lb
x C O PM C O =1.07376 x 10 × 44.01
2 2
lbmol
lb
x C O PM C O =0.00047256
2 2
lbmol
Efectuando la sumatoria,
Zi
x i=
( )
Comp. V PM i x i∗PM i
1+ ( k −1 )
F i
CO2 1.12016E-05 44.01 0.00047256
1.004809395 233.763258
lb
PM L =233.76
lbmol
T sc =∑ y i T ci
Psc =∑ y i Pci
Para el C O2
T sc =87.910 ℉ × 0.00132617=0.1166 ℉
T sc =55.61℉ ;T sr =1.1524
P∗γ∗28.9625
ρ g=
10.732∗T∗Z
lb
33.4945
PM gas lbmol
γ= = =1.1566
PM aire lb
28.96
lbmol
Factor de compresibilidad
2
3.52 Psr 0.274 Psr
Z=1− 0.9813∗T sr
− 0.8157∗T sr
10 10 2
3.52(0.0235) 0.274 (0.0235)
Z=1− 0.9813∗1.1526 −
10Método de Papay
0.8157∗1.1526
10
Fuente: Martínez, M. (1994). Características y Comportamiento de los
Hidrocarburos.
Z=0.9939Pág. 75.
lb
14.7 psi∗1.1566∗28.9625
lbmol
ρ g= 3
psia∙ ft
10.732 ∗(134+ 460)° R∗0.9939
lbmol ∙ ° R
lb
ρ g=0.078
ft 3
Densidad de líquido
∑ xi M i
ρ L=
xM
∑ iρ i
i
∑ xi M i
ρ L=
xM
∑ γ ∗ρi i
i H O 2
3
xi∗M i
Comp. x i∗M i dr , liq ρliq , lbm/ ft
ρliq
CO2 0.00047243 0.81802 51.044448 9.25527E-06
N2 0.0007337 0.8094 50.50656 1.45269E-05
C1 0.01693756 0.3 18.72 0.000904784
C2 0.04776347 0.35619 22.226256 0.002148966
C3 0.37654893 0.50699 31.636176 0.011902479
i-C4 0.47078356 0.56287 35.123088 0.01340382
n-C4 0.626589 0.58401 36.442224 0.017194039
i-C5 0.73597539 0.6247 38.98128 0.018880226
n-C5 0.88669792 0.63112 39.381888 0.022515374
n-C6 4.2678369 0.66383 41.422992 0.103030629
C7+ 226.267087 0.8429 52.59696 4.301904265
233.697425 418.081872 4.491908364
La densidad es:
Lb
233.6974
lbmol lb
ρ L= 3
=52.02 3
ft ft
4.4919
lbmol
lb lb
ρ L@ Py T =52.02 3
−1.7 3
ft ft
lb
ρ L@ Py T =50.32
ft 3
Flujos másicos
Para líquido
W L =L∗PM L
lbmol lb
W L =1052 ∗233.7632
dia lbmol
lb
W L =245849.692
dia
Para gas
W g=L∗PM V
lbmol lb
W g=1578 ∗33.4945
dia lbmol
lb
W g=52854.32
dia
Caudales
Para líquido
WL
Q L=
ρL
lb
52854.32 3
dia ft
Q L= =4885.73
lb dia
50.32 3
ft
Para gas
Wg
Q g=
ρg
lb
52854.32 3
dia ft
Q g= =677615.38
lb dia
0.078 3
ft
Fig. 3. Balance final de corrientes y composiciones
W l 245849.69 lb/día
= =4.65
W g 52854.3703lb /día
Paso 2: Parámetro k
Ya que Wl
>1⇒ k =0.2 ft / s
Wg
V cg =k
√ ρl−ρ g
ρg
=0.2
√
5.032−0.078
0.078
=5.076 ft /s
q g 7.8702 ft 3 /s 2
Acg = = =1.5505 ft
V cg 5.076 ft / s
D cg =
√ 4
π √4 2
A cg= ∗1.5505 ft =1.405 ft
π
Dsep =Dcg =2 ft
141.5
° API = −131.5=43.97
( 50.32
62.4 )
Si ° API > 40 ⇒ t ret =90 s
Separador
3
Ql (gpm) 0.05654 .60 g /min ¿ 1 gal/0.1336 ft 2
A sep= 2
= 2
=2.5392 ft
10 gpm/ft 10 gmp /ft
D sep =
√ 4
π
4
√ 2 ~
A sep= ∗2.5392 ft =1.798 ft ¿ 2 ft
π
h6 =hl=1.6198 ft
h3 =36 ”=3 ft
h5 =24 ”=2 ft
Boquilla de gas
h2 =0.5 ft D bg=
√ π
4
q
A g A g= g
Vg
80 80
V bg= = =286.45 ft / s
√ ρg √ 0.078
Por norma V bg ≤ 90 ft /s
3
7.8702 ft / s 2
Abg = =0.08745 ft
90 ft /s
D bg=
√ 4
π
~
∗0.08745 ft 2=0.3357 ft=4.03 ” ¿ 4.5 ”=0.375 ft
h6 =hl=1.6198 ft
Alimentación
h 4=Dba
D ba=
√ 4
π
A ba A g=
q ba
V ba
80 80 ft
V ba= = =121.14
√ ρg
√ lb s
0.4361
ft 3
7.9267 ft 3 /s 2
Aba= =0.2642 ft
36 ft / s
D ba =
√ 4
π
2 ~
∗0.2642 ft =0.5799 ft ¿ 1 ft =h4
Boquilla de líquido
D bl =
√ 4
π
q
A bl A bl= l
V bl
80 80 ft
V bl = = =11.277
√ ρbl
√ lb s
50.326 3
ft
3
0.05654 ft /s −3 2
Abl = =5.0137 x 10 ft
11.277 ft / s
D bl =
√ 4
π
−3 2
∗5.0137 x 10 ft =0.07989 ft=0.96”=1”=0.0833 ft
Lss L
cumple con la condición 2.5< ss <6
D D
Lss
4< <6 ⟹ k =0.50
D
V cg =k
√ ρl−ρ g
ρg
V cg =0.50
s √
ft 50.82−0.078
0.078
=12.69
ft
s
qg
Acg =
V cg
ft 3
7.8702
s 2
Acg = =0.6202 ft
ft
12.69
s
A sep=2 A g
Ag
0.50=
A sep
D sep =
√ 4
π
2
∗1.2404 ft =1.2567 ft ⟹ 1.5 ft
Lss =7.5 ft
V L= A L∗Lss = A g∗Lss
1
∗π
2
V L= ∗(1.5 ft)2∗7.5 ft
4
V L=6.6268 ft 3
VL
t ret =
qL
3
6.6268 ft
t ret = =117.21 seg
ft 3
0.05654
s
Por norma, el tiempo de retención debe ser superior a 300 s para separadores
L
horizontales, por lo que se debe asumir otra relación ss
D
Asumiendo:
1
∗π
2
V L= ∗( 2.5 ft )2∗12.5 f
4
V L=30.68 ft 3
qg
V g=
Ag
ft 3
7.7802
s ft
V g= 2
=3.17 Que es menor a V cg
2.4543 ft s