Esp-P-6000 Pemex Specification of General Instrumentation

GAS Y PETROQUIMICA BASICA
GERENCIA DE PROYECTO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN
SUBGERENCIA DE SERVICIOS TÉCNICOS
PROYECTO: Q-600-64-03
OBRA: “CONSTRUCCIÓN DE DOS PLANTAS

CRIOGÉNICAS MODULARES Y TERMINAL DE
RECIBO Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE GAS LP Y
GASOLINAS EN LA ESTACION 19, AREA DE
REYNOSA, TAMPS.”
LUGAR: REYNOSA, TAMAULIPAS
ESP-P-6000, Rev. 2
SPECIFICATION OF
GENERAL INSTRUMENTATION
No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
GAS Y PETROQUÍMICA BÁSICA
INSTRUMENTATION REV. 2
GERENCIA DE PROYECTO Y
CONSTRUCCIÓN SPECIFICATION INSTRUMENTATION Date: Jun -2001
Rev 0 Por Gerencia de Proyecto y Construcción Fecha 21 Feb 00
Rev 1 Por Gerencia de Proyecto y Construcción Fecha 21 Nov 00

Rev 2 Por Gerencia de Proyecto y Construcció Fecha 21 Jun 01
Rev Por Fecha

Rev Por Fecha
Versión nueva
Cambios en alguna página X
Versión reeditada completamente
Preparada por: Pemex Gas y Petroquímica Básica

Fecha: 21 - noviembre - 2000.
Por Gerencia de Proyecto y Construcción

Realizó: BNC
Especialista Instrumentación:
Revisó: GZC
Subgerente de Servicios Técnicos
Vo. Bo. MLF
Director de Proyecto
ESP-P-6000.doc .doc Página 2 de 48
“En PGPB la más alta prioridad es la seguridad de nuestros trabajadores,

nuestros clientes, nuestros vecinos y el medio ambiente”
No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
CONSTRUCCIÓN SPECIFICATION INSTRUMENTATION Date: Jun -2001
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
1. 0 SCOPE............................................................................................................................... 4
2. 0 CODES AND STANDARDS........................................................................................... 4
3. 0 GENERAL ......................................................................................................................... 8
4. 0 STANDARD PRACTICE ...............................................................................................14
5. 0 INSTALLATION ..............................................................................................................47
ESP-P-6000.doc .doc Página 3 de 48

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
CONSTRUCCIÓN SPECIFICATION INSTRUMENTATION Date: JUN-2001
1.0 SCOPE
This specification prescribes the design standards and engineering practices to

be used to instrument and control two Modular Cryogenic Plants and L.P.G. &
Natural Gasoline receipt and distribution Terminal in Reynosa, Tamps. Mexico.
These design standards and engineering practices shall be strictly followed.
The operating philosophy for two Modulars Criogenics Plants Construction and
Distribution and Recieve Terminal of L.P.G. and Naturals Gasoline in the 19
Station in Reynosa, Tamps. is to monitor and control the plant along with
auxiliary/utilities systems from one central control room using CRT based
consoles.
2.0 CODES AND STANDARDS
2.1 The design, equipment, material and installation shall conform to the
requirements of the following applicable documents:
2.1.1 ANSI (National Standards Institute)
MC 96.1 Temperature Measurement Thermocouples.
2.1.2 API (American Petroleum Institute)
API MPMS14.3 Manual of Petroleum Measurement

Standards, Chapter 14, Section 3, "Orifice
Metering of Natural Gas and Other Related
Hydrocarbon Fluids" (AGA Report No. 3,
ANSI/API 2530)
API RP 520 Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure-

Relieving Devices in Refineries
API RP 521 Guide for Pressure-Relieving and

Depressuring Systems
API RP 526 Flanged Steel Safety-Relief Valves
API RP 527 Commercial Seat Tightness of Safety Relief

Valves with Metal-to-Metal Seats
API RP 550 Manual on installation of refinery instruments

and control systems.
ESP-P-6000.doc Página 4 de 48

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
API Std. 598 Valve Inspection and Test
API Std. 2000 Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure

Storage Tanks
API Std. 2530 Manual of Petroleum Measurement

Standards, Chapter 14 - Natural Gas Fluids
Measurement, Section 3, Orifice Metering Of
Natural Gas and Other Related Hydrocarbon
Fluids
2.1.3 ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I - Power

Boilers
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII - Pressure

Vessels
ASME B1.20 Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)
ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME B31.1 Code for Pressure Piping, Power Piping
ASME B31.3 Code for Pressure Piping, Chemical Plant and

Petroleum Refinery Piping
2.1.4 ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)
ASTM E230 Standard Temperature EMF (Electromotive

Force) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
2.1.5 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations)
29 CFR1910.95 Part 1910 OSHA (Occupational Safety and

Health) Standards, Subpart G, Occupational
Health and Environmental Control, Section 95,
Occupational Noise Exposure.
29 CFR1910.119 Process Safety Management of Highly

Hazardous Chemical.
2.1.6 FCI (Fluid Controls Institute, Inc.)

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
FCI 70-2 American National Standard for Control Valve

Seat Leakage (formerly ANSI B16.104)
FCI 84-1 Metric Definition of the Valve Flow Coefficient

C(v)
2.1.7 ISA (Instrument Society of America)
ISA MC96.1 Temperature Measurement Thermocouples

(ANSI MC96.1)
ISA S5.1 Instrument Symbols and Identification
ISA S5.2 Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations
ISA S5.3 Graphic Symbols for Distributed Control/Shared

Display Instrumentation, Logic and Computer
Systems
ISA S5.4 Instrument Loop Diagrams
ISA S7.3 Quality Standard for instrument air
ISA S18.1 Annunciator Sequences and Specifications
ISA S20 Specification Forms for Process Measurement

and Control Instruments Primary Elements and
Control Valves
ISA S75.01 Flow Equations for Sizing Control Valves
ISA S75.03 Face-to-Face Dimensions for Flanged Globe-

Style Control Valve Bodies
ISA S75.04 Face-to-Face Dimensions for Flangeless

Control Valves
ISA S75.16 Face-to-Face Dimensions for Flanged Globe-

Style Control Valve Bodies (ANSI classes 900,
1500 and 2500)
ISA RP 3.2 Flange mounted sharp edged orifice plates for

flow measurement.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
ISA RP75.17 Control Valve Aerodynamic Noise Prediction
ISA S75.22 Face-to-Centerline Dimensions for Flanged

Globe-Style Angle Control Valve Bodies
ISA S84.01 Application of Safety Instrumented System for

the Process Industries.
2.1.8 IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission)
IEC 61508 Functional Safety: Safety-Related-System.
2.1.9 NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association)
ICS 6 Industrial control and systems enclosures
NEMA SM 23 Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive Service
2.1.10 NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)
NFPA 79 Electrical Standard for Industrial Machinery
NFPA 70 National Electrical Code
NFPA 496 Purged Enclosures for Electrical Equipment
NFPA 8502 Standard for the Prevention of Furnace

Explosion/Implosion in multiple boilers
2.1.11 Reference Specifications
A-001 General notes, legend and symbols

ESP-P-6120, 6770, 6810 Level instruments
ESP-P-6700 Control Systems/Instrumentation Philosophy
ESP-P-6701 Integracion de Sistemas de Control
ESP-P-6730 Programmable Logic Controller
ESP-P-6740 Safety Instrument System
ESP-P-6750 Sistema de Control Red Contra Incendio
ESP-P-6760 Instruments Furnished with Packaged Equipment
ESP-P-6880 Uninterruptible Power Supply
ESP-P-6920 Instrument Installation Material
ESP-P 6940 Instrument Piping and Wiring Installation
ESP-A-1170 Spare part requirements

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
2.2 Quality Assurance
2.2.1 Test Certification
Instrument hardware furnished for the project shall be test

certified by one of the following:
UL (Underwriters Laboratories)
FM (Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation)
3.0 GENERAL
3.1 General Practice
3.1.1 The selection and application of instrument systems shall be

determined by analysis of the process involved and the required
measurements and controls, in accordance with P&ID (Piping
and Instrument Diagrams) elaborate by the Contract.
3.1.2 P&ID symbols and nomenclature for instruments are derived

from the ISA Standard S5.1 entitled "Instrument Symbols and
Identification" and ISA Standard S5.3 entitled "Graphic Symbols
for Distributed Control/Shared Display Instrumentation, Logic and
Computer Systems."
3.1.3 Logic or state diagrams shall be used in all cases where interlock
or shutdown functions are involved, if these cannot easily be
shown on the P&IDs. Logic diagrams shall generally conform to
ISA Standard 5.2, entitled "Binary Logic Diagrams for Process
Operations."
3.1.4 An instrument shall not be used for both control service and
safeguarding service.
3.1.5 Where possible, direct process switches (connected to SCD,

SCI, PLC, or SIS) shall be replaced by transmitters.
3.1.6 Electronic instruments shall be used to the extent possible.

Smart transmitters shall be used where available and where fast
speed of response is not required. Pneumatic instruments shall
be used only where electronic instruments (transducers,
positioners and solenoid valves) are not practical.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
3.1.7 Instrument analog signals for electronic instrument systems shall

be 4 to 20 mA DC. Instrument analog signals for pneumatic
instrument systems shall be 0.2 to 1.0 kg/cm2 G.
3.1.8 The major equipment manufacturer in accordance with the

specifications shall furnish instrumentation for major equipment
package units such as compressors and drivers. Instruments
furnished as part of major equipment package units shall be
identified and tagged on the flow sheets and entered on the
Instrument Index. The types of instruments furnished, as part of
these package units shall be consistent with that furnished for the
project. Instruments shall conform to Specification ESP-P-6760
Instruments Furnished with Packaged Equipment.
3.1.9 Instrument systems quality and types furnished shall normally be

the manufacturer's standard which satisfies the requirements of
applicable instrument specifications issued for this project.
3.1.10 Specifications shall normally be prepared for each device for

which the contractor has direct procurement or engineering
design responsibility.
3.1.11 Specification forms shall covers information generally covered

under ISA S20.
3.1.12 Instrument quantities shall be furnished as indicated on the

P&IDs approved for the project. A complete index of all
instruments shall be furnished. The index report shall contain
fields, which reference pertinent engineering documents.
3.1.13 The instrument index shall be developed using Instrument Loop

Generation (ILG).
3.1.14 Instrument Nameplates: Permanent type instrument nameplates,

firmly fastened, shall be furnished with all major instrument
equipment. Each nameplate for field instruments and rear of
panel instruments shall carry the tag number only, shall be made
of stainless steel, and shall be attached to the instrument with
stainless steel wire. Nameplates for instruments mounted on
front of a panel shall be engraved with the instrument tag
number, service and any multiplication factor, if any.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
3.2 Numbering Systems
3.2.1 Instrument Identification
a.Instrument symbols on Piping and Instrument Diagrams shall

be according to ISA S5.1 and ISA S5.3.
b.Instrument tag numbers and loop numbers shall be assigned

according to the project numbering system.
Instrument tag number:

unit-instrument function-three digit sequence number
Example: Instrument 21-TIC-678, for Temperature
Indicating Controller in unit 21 with a sequence number
678.
Loop number:
unit-loop function-three digit sequence number
Example: Loop 21-T-678 for temperature loop in unit 21
with a sequence number 678.
Same sequence number can be used for loops with different functions (example: 21-T-
678 and 21-P-678). The sequence numbers shall not be suffixed (example: 21-TIC-
678A) to the extent practical. If more than one instrument on a loop has same IS A
identification (example: TI), the SCD instrument tag number should not be suffixed and
the panel and field instrument tag numbers should be suffixed (example: 21-TI-678 on
SCD and 21-TI-678A on local panel).
c.Each control system loop shall have a unique numerical

designation for categories of pressure, temperature, flow, level
and miscellaneous (parallel system). If an instrument is
common to 2 loops, it may have its own number or be
numbered as part of one of the loops.
d.All instruments furnished by equipment suppliers with major
engineered equipment shall have tag numbers assigned by
the contractor according to the project numbering system
(refer to Section 3.2.1.b).
3.2.2 Instrument Specification Sheets
Instrument Specification sheets shall be numbered according to

ISA S20. The system consists of 4 parts:

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
Unit number - Instrument group . group sequence . sheet

number. The following example illustrate the numbering system.
Pressure transmitter (electronic) 21-PT-345 falls in unit 21, is a

group 3 type (pressure instrument), belongs to group sequence
01 (pressure transmitter - electronic), and the specification sheet
is the second within the group and sequence for that area.
EXAMPLE: 21 - 03.01.002
Progressive sheet number

(001-999).
Group Sequence number
ISA Group Number (Pressure

Instrument)
Unit Number
3.3 Units of Measurement
3.3.1 The following units of measurement shall be used in the process

measurement and control instrumentation and calculations:
Temperature: Degrees Celsius (°C)

Pressure: Kilograms per square centimeter Gauge
(kg/cm2 G)
Millimeter of water (w.c.)
Kilograms per square centimeter absolute
(kg/cm2 A)
Kilograms per square centimeter differential
(kg/cm2)
Level:
General Percent (%)
Tank Gage Millimeters
Flow, Volumetric units:

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
Process Liquid Cubic meter per hour at 15 degrees C (m3/hr)

and barrels per day at 60° F (BPSD) in
parentheses
Chemical Liters per hour (lph)
Water Cubic meters per hour at 15° C (m3/hr) or

Liters per minute (lpm)
Gases / Vapors Normal cubic meters per hour at 0° C

(Nm3/hr) and standard cubic feet per day at
68° F (SCFD) in parentheses
Flow, Mass units:
Process Kilograms per hour (kg/hr)
Steam & Boiler Kilograms per hour (kg/hr)

Feedwater
3.3.2 The flow measurements for hydrocarbons shall also be provided

in English units on the instrument data sheets. The English units
shall be placed within parentheses. Example: 100,000 Nm3/hr
(94 MMSCFD)
3.3.3 All CRT based numerical displays and instrument charts and
scales shall be calibrated as follows:
Temperature: Direct reading

Pressure: Direct reading
Level: 0 to 100 percent uniform
Flow: Direct reading
3.3.4 Local indicator scales shall be metric unit. Dual scales in metric
and English units are acceptable. Scales shall be calibrated as
follows:
Temperature: Direct reading

Pressure: Direct reading
Level: Direct reading or 0 to 100 percent linear
Flow: Direct reading, or 0 - 10 linear, or 0 - 10 square root.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
3.4 Design Requirements
3.4.1 Instrument air is provided at design pressure of 10.5 kg/cm2 G,

maximum pressure of 8.8 kg/cm2 G, normal pressure of 7 kg/cm2
G, and minimum pressure of 4.2 kg/cm2 G.
3.4.2 Field mounted (but not located in-line or on-vessel) instruments

shall normally have wall/yoke mounting cases.
3.4.3 Electrical
a. Enclosures for electrical instruments and junction boxes shall

comply with requirements of the electrical area classification
in which they are installed. In the event that the
manufacturer of certain instruments cannot provide
enclosures suitable for the area, purging of the enclosure
with inert, dry air or gas, according to NFPA 496, shall be
given consideration. Cases for locally mounted instruments
and devices shall be weatherproof, conforming to NEMA 4X
requirements as a minimum.
b. Terminals for electrical interconnections including
thermocouple wire shall be clearly identified as required to
indicate polarity, electrical ground where applicable, and
test connection. Terminals for purchased items shall
normally be identified according to manufacturer's standard
marking.
c. Wiring for different signal types shall not share the same
cables, terminal boxes, tray section, or conduit. The
following systems shall be separated from each other and
from other power circuits in the facility. Fiber optic cable
may be installed along with any other wiring system.
1. Milliamp electronic instrument and RTD signals.
2. Thermocouple extension wire.
3. Turbine meter and other pulsed DC signals.
4. AC (Alternating Current) or DC (Direct Current) alarm,
shutdown, status indication, remote motor control,
solenoid, and power circuits to field instruments of the
same nominal voltage.
5. Digital data bus or highway for distributed control
systems, computers, programmable logic controllers, or
multiplexers.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
d. Electrical conduit connections for locally mounted

instruments shall normally be internally threaded, where
available as manufacturer's standard option. Connections
shall be suitable for the electrical area classification in
which the instrument is installed.
e. Tropicalization of electronic instrument circuitry is required.
f. Thermocouple extension wire to the process area junction

boxes shall normally be multiconductor cable with individual
twisted and shielded pairs of 20-gage solid wire and an
overall aluminized mylar shield. Single pair twisted,
shielded, solid 16-gage lead wire shall be routed in conduit
from the junction box terminal blocks to the thermocouple
assembly. Where thermocouples are for inputs to high
speed multiplexers, computer and logger installations, they
shall be individually shielded pairs. Extension wire shall be
color coded according to ANSI standard MC96.1.
4.0 STANDARD PRACTICE
4.1 Temperature Instruments
4.1.1 Electronic Temperature Transmitters shall be used for control

and equipment/unit shutdown applications and are optional for
monitoring applications. Transmitter shall detect open circuit in
the temperature element wiring and fail upscale or downscale as
required by the process application. Transmitter output shall be
4-20 mA DC linear with the temperature being measured.
Transmitter shall provide ambient temperature compensation.
4.2 Thermowells, Thermocouples And Thermometers
4.2.1 Temperature Wells shall be used for all temperature elements

and temperature test services except for motor winding and tube
skin applications.
a. Construction shall be 0.260 inch bore designed to fit a 1/4

inch OD element.
b. Material shall be type 304L stainless steel well and

screwed wells unless other material is required by piping
specifications. Wells shall be tapered and highly polished

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
and hydrostatically tested to 281 kg/cm2 G minimum at

ambient temperature.
c. Well Connections Mating flanges shall be stainless steel,

unless temperature considerations require other materials.
d. Thermowell Extensions shall be provided when required to

extend beyond insulation.
e. Special Protecting Tubes of chrome iron, incoloy, or other

special materials shall be used as required for fire boxes,
kilns, reactors and oxidizing atmospheres.
f. Plastic Plugs for internal thread protection shall be

furnished with all wells.
g. Identification of thermowells shall be by a stamped code

number indicating material and nominal "U" dimension.
4.2.2 Thermocouples shall be magnesium-oxide insulated and

sheathed type. Sheath shall be 1/4 inch diameter type 316
stainless steel. The hot junction shall be ungrounded to the
sheath. The element shall be furnished with a sealed transition
and 1000 mm of armored and plastic covered stranded lead wire
or complete thermocouple assembly.
a. Type "K" chromel-alumel thermocouples shall be used for

temperature ranges within 0 to 1150 ºC. Type "B" platinum
30% rhodium-platinum 6% rhodium thermocouples shall be
used for temperatures above 1350 ºC. Type "T" copper-
constantan thermocouples shall be used for temperature
ranges -130 to 350 ºC. Type “J” iron-constantan
thermocouples shall be used for temperature ranges 0 to
600 °C. Type “E” chrome-constantan thermocouples shall
be used for temperature ranges 0 to 800 °C.
b. Thermo-Electric Properties and Limits of Error of

Thermocouples shall conform to ANSI MC96.1,
Temperature Measurement Thermocouples.
c. Refer to Section 3.4.3.f for thermocouple wiring.
d. Identification of Thermocouple Assemblies shall be by

attaching a name-plate showing tag number to the head.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
e. Thermocouple Heads shall be mounted on the end of a 3/4

inch conduit run close to the thermocouple.
4.2.3 Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) shall be considered

for applications where very narrow spans and high accuracy are
required. RTDs shall be 3-wire, Pt-100, 1/4 inch stainless steel
sheath type.
4.2.4 Installation and insertion depth of thermocouples, assemblies,

and test wells shall be in accordance with ISA Standards.
4.2.5 Thermometers shall be bimetallic sealed type, non-reset, heavy

duty, back connected adjustable every angle type with 125 mm
(5”) minimum diameter dial. Dials of 75 mm (3”) diameter shall
be used in mechanical equipment lube and seal oil service or
other auxiliary service.
4.2.6 Temperature elements shall be procured with temperature wells

to assure proper fit.
4.3 Pressure Transmitters
Pressure transmitters shall be used where indication and/or record of

pressure is required at a location not adjacent to the primary element.
All range of operation shall be between 50 – 75 % of their scale and
shall have local indication.
4.3.1 Absolute Pressure Transmitters shall provide barometric

pressure compensation.
4.3.2 Pressure Transmitters for suppressed range control shall be non-

indicating force balance, variable capacitance.
4.3.3 Pressure Elements shall be ANSI type 316 stainless steel except
where the process requires a special material.
4.3.4 Connections for pressure transmitters shall be 1/2 inch NPT.
4.4 Pressure Gauges
4.4.1 Range shall be specified such that the gauge normally operates
in the middle third of the scale. Gauge ranges on pump
discharges shall be specified for overrange protection beyond the
pump shut in pressure or relief valve setting. Gauge ranges on

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
vessels shall be specified for overrange protection not less than

1.2 times the vessel design pressure.
4.4.2 Accuracy of all direct connected gauges in process service shall

be guaranteed for at least ±1/2 of 1% of maximum scale reading
over the entire scale.
4.4.3 Pressure Elements shall be 316 stainless steel, including tube,

socket and tip except where the process requires a special
material. Elements above 66.7 kg/cm2 G shall be bored instead
of drawn and connections to socket and tip shall be threaded and
backwelded.
4.4.4 Pressure Gauge Movements shall be hardened stainless steel or

hardened monel for stainless steel bourdon tubes.
4.4.5 Sockets and Tips shall be steel for stainless steel bourdon tubes.
4.4.6 Over-Pressure Protection shall be 1.3 times the maximum tube

rating to prevent permanent set from continuous overpressures.
Wide bourdon tubes, such as used for 4.22 kg/cm2 G and below
which do not inherently have the above characteristic, shall be
furnished with overload stops to provide this protection.
4.4.7 Blow Out Protection shall be provided on all gauges in process

service connected directly to the pressure source. When
required, rupture discs or blow out plugs shall be installed on the
lower side of the case for local mounted gauges and on the case
back for board mounted gauges.
4.4.8 Weep Holes shall be provided on the case bottom of all gauges
located in humid areas unless the case already has sufficient
ventilation.
4.4.9 Pulsating Service installations shall be provided with pulsation

dampeners.
4.4.10 Diaphragm Protectors shall be used where necessary to protect

gauges from corrosive fluids, from freezing or evaporation of
process fluid. They shall have one inch NPT screwed or flanged
connections in accordance with piping specifications and shall be
identified by a symbol on the engineering flow sheets.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
4.4.11 Pigtails or Siphons shall be provided on hot vapor service and all
steam service to prevent the heat from contacting the bourdon
tube. For highly viscous materials, special precautions must be
taken.
4.4.12 Cases for gauges in the process area shall be solid front
phenolic turret type with a snap ring. Cases shall be
weatherproof and metal cases shall be protected with weather-
resistant black paint.
4.4.13 Pressure Gauge Case Sizes shall be:
Local Mounted 115 mm (4.5”)

Local Panel Mounted 115 mm (4.5”)
Transmitters 90 mm (3.5”)
Valve Actuators 40 mm to 60 mm (1.5” to 2.5”)
Special Applications 150 mm (6”)
4.4.14 Dials shall be white, non-rusting metal or plastic, with black

figures.
Manufacturer's standard dial faces shall be marked with the

words, "Steel Tube", etc. This does not apply to 40 mm (1.5”) and
50 mm (2”) gauges. Pointers shall have micrometer adjustment.
4.4.15 Connections for 115 mm (4.5”) pressure gauges, process take-off

connections, and first block valve shall be 3/4 inch NPT. After
first block valve, piping and valve may be reduced to 1/2 inch
NPT. Receiver gauges and 60 mm (2.5”) pressure gauges may
be 1/4 inch NPT.
4.4.16 Receiver Gauge Elements shall be calibrated to read zero at

0.2 kg/cm2 G and full scale at 1 kg/cm2 G. Receiver dials shall
be graduated to match the range of the transmitter.
4.5 Flow Transmitters
4.5.1 Differential Pressure type instruments shall be a prime choice for

flow measurements.
4.5.2 Electronic Flow Transmitters shall be the force balance

differential converter type (variable capacitance or strain gage to
sense force). Bodies shall be carbon steel with stainless steel
internal trim, unless other materials are required for the particular

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
service. Overrange protection equal to the body rating shall be

provided.
4.5.3 Differential Pressure Indicators shall be normally bellows type

150 mm (6”) dial locally mounted on a 2” pipe stand. Connections
shall be 1/2 inch NPT with 1/4 inch NPT Vent/Drain. Element
material shall be 316 L SS minimum with carbon steel chamber.
Minimum pressure rating shall be 35 kg/cm2 G. It shall be able
withstand maximum relieving pressure of the system.
4.5.4 Mass flow and density sensor/transmitters shall be used to

precision measurement of volumetric flow rate in loading trucks.
Sensor shall operate by coriolis principle.
Sensor and explosion-proof transmitter shall be installed in the
same hazardous area.
4.6 Primary Flow Devices
4.6.1 Orifice Plates of the square edged concentric type shall be

specified except where they are unsatisfactory for the
application. Plate dimensions shall conform to API STD 2530,
latest edition. Materials shall be ANSI type 316 stainless steel
unless special materials are required for the service. For special
application shall provide double chamber orifice fittings.
4.6.2 Differential Pressure Range shall preferably be 2500 mm water

column. A higher differential may be used when the primary
flow element is in series with a control valve and there is no
increase in the system energy loss. Differential pressure range
for gas or vapor shall normally not exceed 400 mm of water for
each kg/cm2 A inlet pressure.
4.6.3 The d/D Ratio shall be around 0.63
4.6.4 Orifice Run Design shall be in accordance with API STD 2530.
Runs shall normally be sized for a d/D of 0.75.
4.6.5 Orifice Bores shall be calculated by formula based on API STD

2530 latest edition. Maximum flow rate shall be chosen so that a
rounded factor is available.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
4.6.6 Flange Taps shall be used in accordance with the latest edition
API STD 2530/ASME recommendations. 1/2 inch NPT tap size
shall be specified for up to ANSI 600# line classification. 3/4 inch
NPT tap size shall be specified for ANSI 900# and ANSI 1500#
line classifications.
4.6.7 The Minimum Orifice Flange Rating shall be 300# ANSI. The
use of higher rated flanges, or of facing other than raised face
shall be as called for in piping specifications.
4.6.8 Ring Type Plate Holders shall be manufacturer's standard plate

mounting. Ring facing shall be oval ANSI standard unless
otherwise required by piping specifications.
4.6.9 Orifice Taps for horizontal pipe runs shall be oriented horizontal
for clean liquids and steam, and vertical-up for gases (preferred).
Alternately, orifice taps may be 45° below the horizontal
centerline for clean liquids and steam, and 45° above the
horizontal centerline for gases.
4.6.10 Venturi Tubes, Low Loss Flow Tubes and Flow Nozzles shall be
used where high pressure recovery is necessary and/or where
only a low inlet pressure is available.
4.6.11 Pitot and Pitot Venturi Elements shall be used where high
accuracy is not required, or the pipe diameter is too large for
acceptable orifice plate design.
4.6.12 Variable Area flow meters shall be used for small flow rates
where local indication, recording or control is required. They may
also be used where rangeability, nonlinearity, viscosity or the
hazardous nature of the fluid makes the differential pressure-type
instrument unsatisfactory. They shall be armored type with a
magnetic pick-up.
4.6.13 Positive Displacement Meters or turbine meters shall be used to

measure flows where the integrated flowing quantity with a high
accuracy is desired.
4.6.14 Other Types of Flow Elements should be considered where the

above mentioned elements are not acceptable.
4.6.15 Meter Run Piping for sharp edged orifice plates shall be
furnished as part of the piping systems and shall be purchased

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
from the pipe shop contractor directly from the piping spool
sheets. The meter runs shall be defined and identified on
engineering flow sheets and piping spool sheets as follows (the
"Meter Run Standard" shall normally be furnished):
a. "Meter Run Standard" shall mean that the upstream and

downstream pipe tolerances between the orifice plate and
the nearest upstream and downstream fittings shall be
standard mill run pipe and shall be smooth and free from
blisters and scale. The orifice flange bore shall be
machined to the same bore as the pipe. These runs shall
not be specially identified on the flow sheets or the piping
spool sheets.
b. "Meter Run Certified" shall mean that the upstream and

downstream pipe tolerances between the orifice plate and
the nearest upstream and downstream fittings shall be
selected and fabricated in accordance with the tolerances
and practices as recommended by the API STD 2530. The
orifice flange bore shall be machined to the same bore as
the pipe. These runs shall be identified on the piping spool
sheets as "METER RUN CERTIFIED" and shall be
identified on the engineering flow assembly. The maximum
percent allowable tolerance measured inside and the
published inside diameter shall be 0.05% based on a d/D of
0.63.
c. The contractor shall supply Meter Tubes Dimensional Data

Sheets filled out, which will constitute the certification.
These will be returned to the design engineer for approval
before shipment.
d. "Meter Run Calibrated" shall mean that these meter runs

will not be furnished by the pipe contractor but may be
furnished for installation in a piping system by the
contractor. These meter runs are normally for 1-1/2 inch
and under pipe sizes and utilize corner taps. The
specifications for these meter runs, when required, will be
found elsewhere and will mean that they have been flow
calibrated in a flow laboratory. These meter runs will be
shown on the engineering flow sheets as "API-CAL"
adjacent to the symbol for the orifice flange assembly.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
They will show on the piping spool sheets as "METER RUN

CALIBRATED".
e. Meter Runs shall be furnished with bolts, nuts, gaskets, jack

screws, and hex head pipe plugs in the orifice flange taps,
and shall be in accordance with the applicable piping
specification.
f. Both Sides of the meter run shall have identical inside

diameter. The orifice flanges shall be bored to the same
I.D. as the pipe.
4.7 Level Instruments
4.7.1 Magnetic Level Indicators/Transmitters are preferred for

indication and control applications where they can be used and
are cost-effective. Generally, they can be used for temperature
range of -180° to +400° C, pressures up to 900# ANSI class,
measurement heights up to 6500 mm and Sp. Gr. higher than
0.3. The indicators can be follower (shuttle) type or flipper
(bargraph) type. The flipper type magnetic level indicators shall
provide correct level indication under adverse conditions of
vibration and turbulence (i.e., the flippers should not change
colors under the adverse conditions).
a. Material of construction for chamber and float shall be 316L

SS minimum.
b. The sensor wire of the transmitter may be installed in the

inner tube of the chamber or outside the chamber.
c. Connections of magnetic level gauges shall be 2" flanged

and flange rating shall meet vessel trim specification.
d. Drain and vent valves shall be included with the gauges.
e. Frost-proof extensions shall be provided on the indicators

for cryogenic applications.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
4.7.2 External Displacement type instruments shall be used for

emergency shutdown service and liquid-liquid interface service.
a. Body Material shall be fabricated carbon steel, with

stainless steel displacer and inconel torque tube. Where
vessels are of alloy construction, body material shall be of
equivalent or better materials.
ο
b. Extension Tubes shall be used above 260 C and below
0 οC.
c. Connections shall be 2 inch flanges with bottom-bottom and

topside connections. Pressure rating shall meet vessel
trim.
d. Rotatable Heads shall be specified.
4.7.3 Differential pressure type instruments may be used for ranges

above 1200 mm..
4.7.4 Direct Operated type level controls (Ball Float, Mechanically

Linked Valve, etc.) shall be used on utility services only.
4.7.5 Continuous level transmitter RF/admittance type shall be used to

water vessel, the process wetted parts shall be 316 stainless
steel.
4.8 Level Indicators
4.8.1 A gauge glass is not required where a magnetic level

indicator/transmitter (refer to Section 4.7.1) is used. If a
magnetic level indicator can not be used due to process
requirements, a level gauge glass and other level indicators
should be considered. Follow Sections 4.8.3 through 4.8.12 shall
be followed when level glasses are used.
4.8.2 Liquid level bridle shall be used to minimize the number of vessel
nozzles where numerous level instrument connections are made
to the same vessel. The top and bottom connections of the
bridle shall be directly connected to the vessel independent from
any inlet or outlet process nozzle. Bridle connection on vessel
shall be 3-inch. Level instruments for shutdown functions shall
not be installed on bridles.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
4.8.3 Reflex Type Gauge Glasses shall be used where a liquid-gas

interface exists and the liquid is clean, colorless, with a liquid
specific gravity above 0.55 and the liquid will not leave deposits
on the glass.
4.8.4 Transparent Thru-Vision Gauge Glasses shall be used in all

cases where a liquid-liquid interface exists, on liquid gravities of
0.55 or lower, on services involving acid, caustic or dark-colored
materials, on heavy and viscous oil service, and on steam
generating equipment.
4.8.5 Large Chamber Glasses shall be used where operating

temperatures are below ambient and the liquid is near its bubble
point. Glasses shall be heavily insulated and shall preferably be
side connected and shall be installed with gate valves and offset
gauge cocks. For criogenic services it shall use stainless steel.
4.8.6 Minimum Pressure Rating shall be based on manufacturer's

pressure-temperature charts as published. The minimum rating
for both reflex and transparent gauges shall be 70.3 kg/cm2 G at
37.7 οC.
4.8.7 Body Material and Cover Material shall be carbon steel. Cast
iron is not permitted. Alloy construction, 304 stainless steel, shall
be used for all wetted parts where the application requires it.
4.8.8 Frost Extensions shall be provided where operating temperatures

are below 0 οC.
4.8.9 Visibility shall cover the operating range of the level

instrument(s). In alarm and shutdown service, the visible length
shall cover the alarm point but may not cover the shutdown point.
Gauge glasses shall be visible from grade, platform or the related
instrument. Each gauge glass column shall have a maximum of
three sections.
4.8.10 Connections of gauge glasses shall be 3/4 inch NPT screwed

top-top and bottom-bottom. Other connection orientations may
be used where required.
4.8.11 Gauge Cocks shall meet vessel trim specifications and shall not
be considered a combination block valve and safety shut-off
cock. They shall have a minimum pressure rating of 210.9

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
kg/cm2 G at 37.7 οC. They shall have a 3/4 inch NPT offset
union male screwed inlet with a 1/2 inch female union gauge
connection. Gauge cocks shall be offset type with ball check on
inlet. A back-seating stem and screwed seat shall be furnished.
Separate block valves shall be installed between vessel and
gauge cock.
4.8.12 Installation shall be in accordance with specification

ESP-P-6920.
4.8.13 Servo Gauge or a float and tape level indicators shall be

provided for product storage tanks. Interfaces shall be used for
communication to SCD.
4.9 Control Valves
4.9.1 Valve Type selection shall take into account such factors as cost,
operating (minimum, normal, and maximum) and design
conditions, fluid being handled, rangeability required, allowable
leakage, noise, and other special requirements. For general
services, the following types shall be considered:
a. Cage Guided Globe Valves with balanced or unbalanced

type trim. These valves should not be used for dirty
services.
b. Globe Valves, single or double ported. Double ported

valves shall be top and bottom guided. Single seated valves
may be either top and bottom or top guided.
c. Ball Valves of the throttling type.
d. Butterfly Valves with either conventional or shaped discs.
e. Eccentric rotating plug valves of the throttling type.
f. Special Body Types may be considered for special

applications such as slurry handling, highly erosive or
viscous streams, or for noise control.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
4.9.2 Noise generated by valve shall not exceed 85 dBA at normal flow
at 1000 mm away from valve and 1000 mm away from piping.
4.9.3 Characteristics of the inner valve shall be equal-percentage

except where system characteristics indicate otherwise. Linear
and quick opening characteristics shall be used where required.
a. Equal Percentage Characteristics shall be used on loops

that have large variations in valve pressure drops, fast
changing pressure control loops, and most flow control
loops. In processes where no guide lines are available,
equal percentage shall be used.
b. Liner Characteristics shall be used for most level control,

slow changing pressure control loops, and loops where the
measurement is linear and the variation in the pressure
drop across the control valve is small. Linear
characteristics shall be used for three-way valves and for
two-way valves used in three-way service.
c. Quick Opening characteristics shall be used for on-off

service and for direct connected regulators utilizing low lift.
4.9.4 Valve Sizing shall be based on a maximum capacity of 1.3 times

the normal flow or 1.1 times the absolute flow, whichever is
greater. The manufacturer's "Cv" shall be used to determine
valve capacity.
4.9.5 Selected Valve shall pass the maximum flow at 85 percent or

lesser valve opening (from a closed position) and shall pass the
minimum flow at 15 percent greater of the valve opening.
4.9.6 Body Size shall be one inch minimum. 3/4 inch body size may
be used in air and water services for special applications and for
pressure regulator services. Reduced ports shall be used as
required. The use of odd sizes, 1-1/4, 2-1/2 and 5 inches, shall
be avoided. And it shall respect the usual recommendation of
relation d/D (valve/pipe).
4.9.7 Minimum Rating for process valves shall be ANSI 300# class for
flanged valves and 600 PSIG for screwed valves. (Except that
butterfly valves may be ANSI 150# class). In no case shall the
valve body rating be less than that permitted by piping
specifications.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
4.9.8 Connections shall conform to the following:
a. Flanged Connections for valves one inch and larger in

process or steam service, 2 inches and larger in air and
water service. Flanges shall conform to ASME B16.34.
b. Screwed Connections may be employed for valves smaller

than 2 inches in air and water service where piping
specifications permit screwed fittings.
c. Socket Weld Connections may be employed for valves

smaller than 2 inches in air and water service where piping
specifications do not allow screwed fittings.
4.9.9 Face to Face Dimensions of flanged valves, with integral flanges,

shall conform to ASME B16.10. Flangeless bodies such as ball
and butterfly valves, and also split body valves, may deviate from
these flange dimension requirements.
4.9.10 Body Materials and Rating shall conform to the Piping

Specifications. This will call for the following materials:
a. Cast or Forged Carbon Steel shall be used for non-

corrosive applications with temperatures above -28 °C and
below 400 °C.
b. Alloy shall be used for corrosive service, for temperatures

above -28 °C and below 400 °C.
c. Cast Iron may be used only on air service where permitted

by piping specification.
d. Cooling Fins or Extension Bonnets shall be provided for

temperatures above 230 °C.
e. Butterfly valve bodies shall be heavy duty single flange type

minimum. Body and flange rating shall meet piping
specification.
4.9.11 Valve Trim shall be stainless steel except for severe service
conditions which dictate consideration of other materials.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
4.9.12 Valve trim in the following services shall be hardened with a

minimum Brinnel hardness near 400. In cases where severe
services require greater hardness, special alloys, or coatings to
prevent excessive erosion or corrosion, suitable trim material
shall be furnished.
a. Where pressure drop exceed 10.5 kg/cm2.
b. Where erosive fluids or solid-bearing fluids are

encountered.
c. All flashing service.
d. All steam service over 3.5 kg/cm2, regardless of pressure

drop.
4.9.13 Tight shutoff valve service shall preferably be reinforced Teflon

soft seats if Teflon is suitable for the process fluid and process
conditions. Where tight shutoff is required it shall be Class V as
per ANSI/FCI 70-2 1991.
4.9.14 Guide Bushings shall be of corrosion resistant material. It is

preferred that the guide material be a minimum of 125 Brinell
harder than the trim.
4.9.15 Packing Glands shall be equipped with flange style gland

followers, secured by two bolts. A lubricator with steel isolating
valve shall be provided where packing lubrication is required.
4.9.16 Extension Bonnets shall be provided on throttling services above

230° and below -17° C, or in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendation.
4.9.17 Valve Actuators shall be spring and diaphragm or piston type.

Electric or electro-hydraulic types may be considered in special
maximum differential pressure service to which the valve may be
exposed. Actuator shall move valve to open, closed or hold in
safe position in case of air or electrical failure.
Interface to electric actuators shall be used for communication to

SCD.
4.9.18 Valve Positioners and Booster Amplifiers shall be provided in

accordance with the latest edition of ISA - S75.13.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
Recommended practice is as follows:
a. Controller signal is split ranged between two or more control

valves.
b. Controller signal must be amplified to obtain sufficient

actuator force.
c. Where better control is required with minimum overshoot

from system disturbances and fastest possible recovery.
(For example, this may be as a result of stringent process
requirements, high control valve stem friction or long
transmission lines.)
d. When the system is slow: USE A VALVE POSITIONER

(Slow systems are usually those involving thermal or level
processes, most mixing processes and a few large gas
processes.)
e. When the system is fast: USE A BOOSTER (Fast systems

are usually those involving liquid or gas pressure and most
flow measurement.)
NOTE: If (a), (b), or (c) above do not apply to a given application, neither positioner or
booster is necessary in most cases.
4.9.19 Positioners shall be of the electro-pneumatic type for all services

(unless specified otherwise) and shall be furnished with two
gages. Positioners shall be easily convertible from direct to
reverse acting.
4.9.20 Electric/Pneumatic Transducers, when required, shall be

furnished pre-piped and mounted on the valve.
4.9.21 Solenoid Valves, when required, shall meet the area

classification and shall be weatherproof. They shall designed for
use in the plant control systems and shall operate on 24 VDC
and shall be low-power type (1.4 watts maximum. ).
a. Coils for solenoid valves shall be encapsulated and be high

temperature resistant for continuous duty at rated voltage
and frequency.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
b. Emergency Shutdown related solenoid valves shall be of

fast relief type.
c. Valve Bodies for solenoid valves shall follow the piping

specifications when used in process lines. Manufacturer's
standard brass shall be used for air service.
4.9.22 Tubing shall be 3/8" O.D. 316 stainless steel seamless tube with
0.049 inch wall thickness . Pipe nipples shall be schedule 160
minimum and pipe fittings of 3000 # rated 316 stainless steel.
Fittings shall be swagelok compression fittings or equal.
4.9.23 An air set (pressure reducing combination filter/regulator) for air

consuming devices shall be supplied with each control valve.
Each airset shall be equipped with input and output gauges.
4.9.24 A two inch diameter 0-2 or 0-4 kg/cm2 G pressure gauge

mounted on the diaphragm actuated control valve where a
positioner is not installed.
4.9.25 Handwheels shall be side mounted declutchible locking type,

integral or attached with clamps or bolts.
4.9.26 Guide for Selection of Handwheels or Block and Bypass Manifold
When considering the use of handwheels or block and bypass

valves the plant integrity must be protected..
The following guidelines are for determining when to use a

handwheel or blocks and bypass valves.
All applications should be evaluated as a part of mechanical flow

diagram review.
a. No Handwheel or Block and Bypass
Control valves shall be specified without handwheels or blocks and bypass valve in the
following service.
1. Where the control valve can be removed and

repaired without upsetting plant operation.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
2. Where the control valve is on non-essential

equipment that is operated intermittently and can be
isolated without affecting plant operation.
3. Where plant safety would be impaired by either

providing a means for blocking flow or opening a
valve manually.
b. Block and Bypass Valve Application
Control valves shall be provided with up and down stream block valves and a bypass
valve in the following service.
1. Severe operating conditions where the control valve

may require servicing between normal plant
shutdown, typically in corrosive, erosive or fouling
services.
2. For safety considerations as determined by the

project.
c. Handwheel Application
Control valves shall be specified with a handwheel in the following services.
1. All control valves not covered by Paragraphs. a. and

b. above
NOTE: Handwheels are not good substitutes for block valves and bypass valves. They
should be specified for this purpose only after careful consideration. Handwheels can
serve as a block valve and for manual control, but for valve maintenance they offer very
little.
4.9.27 Procedure for Sizing Block and Bypass Valves Used with Control
Valves
In processes requiring block and bypass valves in service with

control valves the following criteria are recommended:
Block valves: Use gate valves which are the same size as the
control valves, but not less than one size smaller than line size.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
Bypass valve: Cv of bypass valve shall be, at least the

calculated Cv of the control valve, but not more than twice the
selected Cv of the control valve.
Globe valves shall be used up to 4” (Cv=200). If the bypass valve

Cv requirement is >200, a gate valve with the required Cv shall
be used. See table below. When gate valves are used as
bypass valves, their minimum size shall be two sizes under line
size.
Sizing Notes
1. In applications where high pressure drop may occur, and

flashing is possible, the sizes of block and bypass shall be
determined by process calculations. Bypass valves may
need to be oversized for process reasons, such as startup
(faster filling or emptying a system) or gravity draining.
2. When sizing blocks and bypass for control valves with small
sizing ∆P, look at the manifold pressure drop. The Process
Engineer does not consider manifold pressure drop when he
gives sizing ∆P for a control valve.
VALVE CAPACITIES (Cv) TABLE
Size Globe(2) Gate (1) Ball (2) Plug- Butterfly(4) Vee-Ball(4)

Cock(3)
1” 10 70 45 25 23
1 1/2” 26 170 125 55 26 86
2” 48 310 165 144 55 127
3” 110 720 350 254 136 240
4” 200 1350 775 433 271 552
6” 480 3100 1000 900 768 1110
8” 865 5700 2000 1400 1340 2070
10” 1370 9000 3150 2100 2170 3160
12” 2000 13500 5200 3100 3180 4620
CAUTION: Actual project selected vendor should be consulted for exact Cv data.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
NOTES: 1. Data from Crane Technical Paper No. 410, dated 1976
2. Data from Jamesbury Bulletin 284, dated 1977
3. Data from Tufline Catalog CV-1, dated 1977
4. Average of data from Fisher Controls Catalog 10, dated 1976
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
Bypass
Control Calculated Selected 2 x Selected Valve Type &
Valve Cv Cv Cv Cv Size Valve
Size Requirement
1” 3 4** 8 3-8** 1” Globe
2” 30 44 88 30-88 2” Globe
3” 55 104 208 55-208 3” Globe
4” 160 180 360 160-360 4” Globe
4” 202 224 448 202-448 2” Gate
6” 261 395 790 261-790 3” Gate
** Reduced trim, pick bypass w/reduced trim if available or use next largest size.
TYPICAL BLOCK AND BYPASS VALVE SIZING CHART
Cont Lin
rol e
Valv Si
e ze
Size
1 1 1/2 2 3 4 6 8 10 12
Bypass
Bypass
Bypass
Bypass
Bypass
Bypass
Bypass
Bypass
Bypass
Block
Block
Block
Block
Block
Block
Block
Block
Block
1 1 1 1 1- 1 1/2 1 2 1 - - - - - - - - - -
1 1/2 - - 11/2 11/2 11/2 11/2 2 11/2 3 11/2 - - - - - - - -
2 - - - - 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 - - - - - -
3 - - - - - - 3 3 3 3 4 3 6 3 - - - -
4 - - - - - - 4 4 4 4 6 4 8 4 - -
6 - - - - - - 6 3* 6 4* 8 4* 10 8
8 - - - - - - 8 4* 8 4* 10 8*
10 - - - - - - 10 6* 10 8*
12 - - - - - - 12 8*

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
*Gate type bypass valve
4.9.28 Automatic deluge valve shall be used to on-off in control water

flow. The valve can be installed in any position service without
physical damage. The valve shall supplied with accessories
solenoid valve, limit switches, etc.
4.9.29 Two-stage electric control valves shell be used for those

applications where requiring precise shut-off in loading trucks.
4.9.30 Internal safety shut-off and operating valve shall be use for safe
tanks in case of fire. The accessories such as fusible plugs and
strainer assembly shall be supply with the valve. The valve size
and flange rating shall be in accordance with piping
specifications.
4.9.31 Pressure regulations shall be used for pressure control

applications in services of water and shall can handle pressures
up to 42.16 kg/cm2 and temperatures up to 343.3 °C.
4.10 Pressure Safety Devices
4.10.1 All Pressure Relieving Devices Shall be Sized in strict

accordance with applicable local, state, and national code
requirements. Formulae shall be in accordance with API RP
520.
4.10.2 Percent Accumulation used in calculating sizes of relieving

devices shall be as follows:
3% Steam service where ASME Power Boiler Code

applies.
10% Gas or vapor service, and liquids, except as noted

below.
16% Vessels protected by multiple relief valves.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
21% Fire exposure or unfired pressure vessels.
25% Liquids - for thermal relief of pipelines and pump

discharges.
4.10.3 Nomenclature used shall be in accordance with API RP 520.
4.10.4 Safety and Relief Valves in general application, shall be spring

operated. For other services the type of safety and relief valves
will be determined in accordance with the service application.
Balanced bellows valves shall be considered for relief into
closed flare and blowdown systems. Pilot operated pressure
relief valves may be specified for services where the set
pressure less than 110% of the operating pressure.
4.10.5 Full Nozzle Type Valves shall be specified for sizes one inch
and larger.
4.10.6 Base or Modified Nozzle Type Valves shall be specified for

thermal relief service. Sizes shall be 3/4 inch x 1 inch for all
liquids.
4.10.7 Rupture Discs may be used in lieu of or in combination with

safety and relief valves, where applicable or required. When
used in combination, an excess flow check valve and pressure
gauge shall be installed in the vapor space between the rupture
disc and relief valve.
4.10.8 Pressure and Vacuum Relief Valves for storage tanks shall be
of the weight loaded or pilot operated type, and sized in
accordance with API Standard STD 2000.
4.10.9 Safety Valves for Steam Turbine Casings shall be as follows:
a. Non-Condensing Turbine Casings shall be equipped with

relief valves of the sentinel type for warning purposes only.
If the turbine is the type that starts automatically, full relief
is required. When full relief is required, NEMA Standard
SM 23 shall be used for sizing.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
b. Condensing Steam Turbine Casings shall normally be

equipped with relief valves of the atmospheric type giving
full relief. NEMA Standard SM 23 shall be used for sizing.
4.10.10 Materials of Construction shall be as follows:
a. Steel Bodies with Stainless Steel trim shall be specified.
b. Steel Bodies shall be specified for thermal relief in cooling

water service and air service, provided piping
specifications permit.
c. Aluminum Bodies shall be specified for API storage tank

pressure and vacuum relief valves, providing piping and
vessel specifications permit.
d. Alloy Bodies or Special Materials shall be specified where

required because of process, atmospheric, or operating
conditions.
e. Springs shall be carbon steel for normal process operating

temperatures of -60° C through 230° C, tungsten alloy
steel above 230° C and ANSI 316 stainless steel from
-60° C to -240° C.
4.10.11 Bonnet Construction shall be as follows:
a. Plain Closed Bonnets shall be specified, with a tapped and

plugged vent for easy conversion to a balanced type
valve.
b. Exposed Spring Bonnets shall be specified for steam

service above 230° C, as required by ASME Power Boiler
Code, Paragraph PG-68.6.
4.10.12 Connection Sizes and Ratings shall be as follows:
a. Flanged Connections shall be furnished on all safety and

relief valves, one inch size and larger. Minimum rating
shall be 150# ANSI. Valve flanges shall match rating and
facing of mating flange on vessels or piping. Body flanges
shall be per ASME B16.34.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
b. Screwed Connections shall be furnished on valves 3/4

inch and smaller unless process or operating conditions
do not allow. Threaded connections on valves shall be
per API SPEC 5B taper pipe threaded ends.
4.10.13 Accessories
a. Plain Lifting levers shall be furnished for exposed spring

bonnets on safety and relief valves in ASME Power Boiler
Code Service and on air valves with closed bonnets on
plant air receiver service.
4.10.14 Code Stamps shall be furnished with safety valves where

applicable.
4.10.15 Closed Relief Valve Discharge Systems shall be designed in

accordance with API RP 520.
4.10.16 Inspection and Testing of safety and relief valves shall be

performed in the field and shall be witnessed by the Owner's
representative. Set pressure tolerances shall be at least as
good as required by ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Code,
paragraph UG-133 Section VIII, DIV. 1.
a. Seat Tightness - Metal-to-Metal seats shall be specified as

"Commercial Tightness", which permits a stipulated
maximum leakage at a specified percent of set pressure.
"Bubble Tightness", which permits no leakage at specified
percent of set pressure, shall be specified when required
by process conditions or customer requests.
b. Testing for Tightness shall be in accordance with API RP

527.
4.10.17 Full Area Block Valves - When Block valves are provided, they
shall be on both inlet and outlet of the relieving device and
shall be of "Locked Open" or "Car Seal Open" type. A bypass
valve shall also be provided for manual relief if needed. Some
relief valve installations shall also have testing taps at the inlet
and outlet, as shown on the P&ID.
4.11 Drainers

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
4.11.1 Ball Float Traps (Continuous Drainers) shall be used for

modulating service such as draining condensate from
temperature controlled reboilers, for trapping liquids in gas or
air streams, and for venting air or gas from liquid streams. For
large volumes of condensate removal, fabricated surge pots
with displacement level controllers and pneumatic control
valves may be used. Consider use of surge pots and level
controllers on major exchangers.
4.11.2 Strainers shall be installed in the piping upstream of all drainers.

The use of integral strainers shall be considered where they are
available as a manufacturer's standard, and can be blown
down or removed without disassembling the drainers. Strainer
body and gasket materials shall be in accordance with piping
material specifications.
4.11.3 Trim Material shall be stainless steel except that special parts
such as bellows or bimetallic elements shall be manufacturer's
standard.
4.12 Switches
4.12.1 Switches for Alarms and Interlock Systems shall be used for on-
off applications only. When outdoor installations are required,
they shall meet the area classification and be weatherproof.
Switches in equipment shutdown service shall be directly
connected to the process. Wiring for switches shall be two
conductor and shall not use the common hot wire technique.
a. Switch Contacts shall be specified double-pole, double-

throw, wherever possible for versatility. Contacts shall be
specified 1A, 24 VDC for instrument services and 5A,
120/240 V, 60 cycle when used to operate motors and
other heavy duty electrical devices.
b. Switch Action for alarms and shutdown shall be closed

circuit for normal operation; open circuit for
alarm/shutdown condition. Switch action for hardwired
interlock and shutdown may be either normally open or
closed for normal operation, depending on type and

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
reliability of power source and on nature of interlock wiring

(so as to avoid need of interposing relays).
4.12.2 Level Switches shall be the external float cage type with one
inch NPT screwed or socket-weld connections. Body material
and rating shall conform to piping specifications. Internal trim
shall be stainless steel unless other materials are required for
service. Installation shall be in accordance with Job Installation
Drawings. Level switches in alarm service may be receiver
pressure switches when there is a level transmitter as part of
the system. Level switches in equipment shutdown service
shall be direct operated type.
4.12.3 Pressure Switches for direct connected process and utility

service shall be diaphragm or bourdon tube type with materials
suitable for the service. They shall meet the hazardous
electrical classification and shall have micro switches.
Connections shall be 3/4 inch NPT.
4.12.4 Temperature Switches, locally mounted in hazardous

classification Division 1 locations, shall be filled system bulb
type or expansion type. They shall meet the electrical
classification and shall have micro switches.
4.12.5 Flow Switches for direct operation by process fluids may be of

the sight flow, rotameter, or paddle type for low accuracy
requirements. Orifice plate, thermal dispersion and differential
pressure type transmitter shall be used for high accuracy
requirements.
4.13 Analyzers
4.13.1 Analyzers and Specialty Instruments are specified to directly or

indirectly measure the concentration of one or more
components in a process stream or to measure some property
that is of interest in meeting specifications of the stream.
4.13.2 Analyzer Selection shall not be limited by this standard. Since

new types of analyzers and new applications for existing
analyzers are frequently available, this standard shall be used
only as a guide

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
4.13.3 Gas Chromatographs are specified when it is necessary to

determine several components simultaneously or a single
component in a mixture.
a. Applications for gas chromatography include gas or vapor

streams and liquid streams which can be vaporized at the
operating temperature of the analyzer. If the stream is
dirty or contains non- volatile components, these
undesired components must be removed in the sampling
system. The instrument vendor shall supply the
application data needed for the analysis.
b. The components of a chromatograph include the sample

conditioning system, analyzer's cabinet, control unit, and
readout. The analyzer cabinet shall be as near to the
point being sampled as is practical, and may be installed
in the field. The control unit may be mounted either in the
field or in a control room. The readout device shall be in
the control room.
4.13.4 Infrared Analyzers are specified for the analysis of a single

component in a gas vapor stream. Special precautions to avoid
wet samples are necessary if salt windows and optics are
required.
4.13.5 Thermal Conductivity Analyzers are recommended for the

determination of hydrogen purity. They may also be applied to
other two-component determinations.
4.13.6 Paramagnetic Analyzers are specified only for the determination

of oxygen in gas streams. Two types of sensors are available
which include the "dumbbell" and the thermal sensing unit. The
thermal unit is preferred since it is not as fragile as the
"Dumbbell" sensor.
4.13.7 Electrochemical Analyzers are specified to measure the

properties of water solutions. They are also widely used for the
determination of pollution.
4.13.8 Colorimeters, Dispersive Ultraviolet, and Turbidity Instruments

are applied to liquids and sometimes gases. Colored materials
or materials absorbing in the ultraviolet region may be
determined.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
4.13.9 Liquid Density Instruments are specified when the concentration

of a solution is to be determined or when density is a variable of
a process stream. A number of types are available including
displacement instruments, "U" tube gravimetric instruments and
radiation absorption instruments. The "U" tube type is
preferred since it is less sensitive to flow. It does, however,
have temperature and pressure limitations which may dictate a
choice of another type. Temperature compensation is required
if the temperature of the stream is not reasonably constant.
4.13.10 Gas Density Analyzers are specified to determine purity of

hydrogen streams, carbon dioxide in stack gas and other
purposes. The mechanical type with rotation impellers is most
commonly used. A second type where the unknown gas
impinges on a stream of known gas with the resulting flow
being thermally detected has been developed. Temperature
compensation is not normally required for either instrument.
4.13.11 Atmosphere Monitors are specified to warn of toxic or other

hazardous conditions.
4.13.12 Sampling Conditioning Systems are as important as the choice

of the analyzer. The sample system is furnished by the same
Seller who supplies the analyzer.
a. Gas and Vapor Systems
1. The system volume shall be kept to a minimum. 1/4

inch stainless steel tubing shall be used. Other
materials may be used if sample compositions and
conditions permit.
2. For gas samples, the pressure should be reduced at

the sampling point to increase the velocity through
the sample system and reduce time lag. This
pressure reducing valve is outside of the sampling
system supplied by the instrument Seller.
3. Sample bypasses around the analyzers shall be

supplied. This insures that the sample lines are
purged and it reduces the time lag of sampling. The
sample bypass is either vented to atmosphere or
back to a lower pressure part of the process.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
4. The sample must be clean and free of particles.

Install a "Y" strainer immediately ahead of the
primary pressure reducer. Additional filters,
strainers and drainers which may be required should
be specified as part of the system. Water washing
of the stream may be required with dirty samples
such as stack gas. The water should be recycled
with only a small makeup and drain stream to
minimize composition changes.
5. Desiccants should be avoided when drying a sample

stream. Chilling and trapping the moisture is
preferred. Desiccants may become spent and not
function or they may absorb constituents other than
water.
6. Steam tracing or insulation of the sample line is

required if condensation of the sample can occur at
ambient conditions. A heated cabinet shall be
provided by the manufacturer for the sample
conditioning system if there is danger of
condensation.
b. Liquid Systems
1. When a liquid stream must be taken to the analyzer,

the sampling is similar to a gas or vapor system.
Filtering, pressure reduction, cooling or heating may
be required. The extent of sample conditioning
required shall be governed by the process stream.
2. Liquid bypasses around the analyzer shall be

provided to reduce sampling lag. They shall be
drained to a sewer or a lower pressure part of the
process.
3. Electrolytic conductivity, pH, or similar probes shall

be installed in a bypass line so that it is not
necessary to interrupt the process to service the
electrodes.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
4.13.13 Electrical Wiring of the instruments shall conform to the National

Electrical Code. With large instruments such as analyzers that
cannot be mounted in an explosion-proof box, air purging may
be required. ISA Standard S12.11 shall be followed. If
possible, mount the analyzer in a non-hazardous area.
a. The control circuits of the analyzer shall be powered from

the control panel. Each analyzer shall have an over-
current protective device, (magnetic type circuit switch or
a fuse). Local disconnect switches shall also be provided
so that the instruments can be safely serviced. Cabinet
heaters, circulating pump motors and other devices which
draw relatively high currents may be powered locally.
b. Signal wiring shall be run to the control room in separate

conduit or cable. It shall be routed to the receiver
instrument by the shortest most direct route feasible.
Supply of special cables by the instrument Seller shall be
considered.
4.13.14 Process Control Loops which include an analyzer shall be

cascaded. In cases where the analyzer is continuous and not
delayed, direct output control may be provided.
a. Holding circuits shall be provided when the analyzer

output is intermittent. The output of this device may be
used for trend recording in addition to providing signal for
the control loop.
b. Converters to provide a current or pneumatic output shall

be provided if required. These devices shall be mounted
at the control panel. In cases such as with boiling point
analyzers, a pneumatic output may be obtained directly.
c. Repeater amplifiers with grounded input and floating

output are often required when the analyzer is used with
electronic controllers. In cases where the grounded
output of the analyzer causes no problems the receiver
repeater is normally floating. A repeater is normally
necessary when the receiver input is also grounded.
4.13.15 Walk-In Type Houses shall be provided for most analyzers.


No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
4.13.16 Calibrating Gases shall be furnished for analyzer calibration

where practical.
4.14 Receiver Instruments
4.14.1 Local Flow Indicators shall be the filled bellows type. Body
material shall be carbon steel with stainless steel bellows in
process service. Minimum working pressure shall be
50 kg/cm2 G. Cases shall be weatherproof.
a. Range shall be 2500 mm water column dry differential.

Where a larger range is required, a differential of up to
6000 mm water column may be used in lieu of increasing
the meter run size.
4.14.2 Pressure Controllers. non-indicating, pilot-operated type may be

used for applications where transmission to remote receivers is
not required. The pressure sensitive element and controller
shall be mounted in a weatherproof case or housing suitable for
valve. Direct connected pressure gauges shall be piped in
parallel for local indication. An adjustable proportional band of
at least 2-200% and a convenient control point setting shall be
provided. Output of the final control element shall be 0.2-1 or
0.4-2 kg/cm2 G.
4.14.3 Panel Mounted Electronic Controllers shall be narrow (nominal

75 mm x 150 mm), vertical or horizontal scale, indicating
deviation type, mounted side by side or in multi-high density
enclosures. The controllers shall have a center scale set point
with a clearly identified off-normal display.
4.14.4 Automatic - Manual Transfer Control shall be furnished with

panel mounted controller and shall be provided with bumpless
transfer from automatic to manual control and vice versa.
4.14.5 The Annunciator Alarm System for the main control room shall
produce both visual and audible signals. Visual signals shall be
the backlighted type. Acknowledge and test switches shall be
provided.
a. Sequence of Alarm shall normally be FIRST OUT per ISA

S18.1 F3A-14.
1. NORMAL: Light is out and horn is silent.


No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
2. PROCESS ABNORMAL: First alarm - intermittent

flashing light and horn is audible. Sub alarm - fast
flashing light and horn is audible.
3. ACKNOWLEDGE BUTTON PRESSED: First alarm -

slow flashing light and horn is silent. Sub alarm -
light is steady and horn is silent.
4. PROCESS RETURNS TO NORMAL: Light goes out.
b. Annunciators, local panel-mounted for packaged and

rotating mechanical equipment, shall use a first out
identification sequence.
c. Annunciator Design shall be in accordance with ISA

S18.1.
d. One Common Alarm Point shall be provided in the main

control room annunciator to indicate an alarm condition on
any locally mounted annunciator.
e. Each Annunciator shall have capacity for 15% to 25%

extra points and shall have 10% to 15% spare relays or
cards.
4.14.6 Control Panels shall be free-standing type with open frame

back, constructed in convenient sections to facilitate shipment
and installation. They shall be non-graphic, and in the case of
main control panels, shall be arranged for high density, multi-
instrument housings or channels. When a Process display is
desired, consideration should be given to a semigraphic
section, annunciation-process display, projector display, or
other.
4.14.7 Panel Construction shall be from 10 guage hot rolled steel plate
with angle iron or Unistrut-type frame and mounting racks. The
panel shall be fabricated, sand blasted, and all irregularities
removed, after which a suitable primer surface shall be applied.
The primer shall be followed by two coats of light green paint.
For economics, or other reasons, consideration may be given
to other construction methods, such as relay rack construction,
or console type design.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
4.14.8 Recorders circular chart type shall be used for local services
only.
4.14.9 Local control unit shall be of type electronic preset blending

system to be used in ship loading terminals. Shall be
microprocessor 32 bit high speed architecture with memory
capacity for faster response. Shall be provides precise batch
delivery for custody transfer of petroleum industrial and
chemical products. Shall be supply with display, keypad,
operator prompts and program menus. LCU shall be explosion
proof housing.
4.14.10 Flow computer shall be used for makes complex calculations

based in AGA 3 equations with pressure, temperature and
gravity compensation displays totalization of flow, diagnostics
and alarm functions. The data of totalization shall indicated in
standard condition of PGPB, too.
4.14.11 Ground connection system shall be used for safety on loading

trucks.
a. Wiring On Main Control Panel In A Non-Hazardous Area

shall be in plastic ducts routed to the instrument housings.
Power wiring to instruments may be installed with plugs
and cord sets and a continuous convenience outlet duct.
All signal or alarm wiring shall terminate on clearly
identified terminal blocks. Power wiring to be minimum
3.5 mm2 (12AWG) THHN while signal and alarm wiring to
be minimum 1.5 mm2 (16AWG) THHN.
b. Intrinsically Safe Wiring shall be run in separate conduit,

wireways, etc., from other wiring.
4.14.12 Instrument Nameplates for miniature instruments shall be

furnished on the instrument bezels by the major instrument
Seller showing the Tag Number and Service. Other
nameplates may be furnished on the panel front located
beneath the instrument. All instruments shall have a rear
mounted nameplate showing the Tag Number.
4.14.13 Arrangement of the Major Control and Recording Instruments

shall be such that the centerline of the lowest instrument is not
below 800 mm (2 feet 6 inches) and the centerline of the

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
highest instrument is not above 1400 mm (5 feet 6 inches) from

grade. Horizontal and vertical spacing of instruments shall be
as such to facilitate maintenance and panel construction.
4.14.14 Electrical Classification of the main control panel and panel

instruments in the control house shall be nonhazardous. Local
control panels shall meet the electrical classification for the
area.
4.14.15 Wiring shall comply with the requirements of the National

Electrical Code for the area classification where the panel is
installed.
a. Wiring On Main Control Panel In A Non-Hazardous Area

shall be in plastic ducts routed to the instrument housings.
Power wiring to instruments may be installed with plugs
and cord sets and a continuous convenience outlet duct.
All signal or alarm wiring shall terminate on clearly
identified terminal blocks. Power wiring to be minimum
3.5 mm2 (12AWG) THHN while signal and alarm wiring to
be minimum 1.5 mm2 (16AWG) THHN.
b. Intrinsically Safe Wiring shall be run in separate conduit,

wireways, etc., from other wiring.
5.0 INSTALLATION
5.1 Installation shall be in accordance with Specification ESP-P-6920.
5.2 Level elevations shown on P&IDs for each vessel indicate the alarm or trip
value and not the elevation of nozzles on the vessel. Level nozzles on the
vessel shall be located such that the level instrument will be able to provide
alarm or trip at the elevation indicated on the P&ID. The level transmitters shall
cover 110% above high-high level point, 120% above high level point, 20%
below low level point, and 10% below low-low level point.
5.3 Tropicalization shall be provided for field mounted instruments. The

instrument manufacturer's standard tropicalization shall be indicated on
data sheets.

No. ESP-P-6000
GENERAL
5.4 All instruments and instrument process lines subject to freezing shall be
heat traced, filled with seal fluid, purged or otherwise protected. These
instruments and process lines shall be identified on P&ID's.
5.5 Connection sizes on vessel/piping as follows
Type of Measurement Connection Sizes on Vessel/Piping

Flanged RTJ
To be used only when required by piping
or vessel specification
Analysis 2" min. 2" min.
Flow -- --
Level - Screwed d/p cell -- --
Flanged d/p cell 3" min 3" min
Displacer 2" 2"
Magnetic 2” 2”
Gauge/Transmitter
Gauge glass 2" 2"
Bridle system 3" 3"
Pressure 2" 2"
Thermowells 2" 2"
5.6 Instrument Support Brackets shall not be welded to process piping

(except as required by piping stress analysis on high temperature steam
lines).
5.7 For mass flow sensors, it shall make pipe preparations.


Esp-P-6000 Pemex Specification of General Instrumentation

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GAS Y PETROQUIMICA BASICA

GERENCIA DE PROYECTO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN

SUBGERENCIA DE SERVICIOS TÉCNICOS

OBRA: “CONSTRUCCIÓN DE DOS PLANTAS

LUGAR: REYNOSA, TAMAULIPAS

Rev 0 Por Gerencia de Proyecto y Construcción Fecha 21 Feb 00

Rev 1 Por Gerencia de Proyecto y Construcción Fecha 21 Nov 00

Rev Por Fecha

Preparada por: Pemex Gas y Petroquímica Básica

Por Gerencia de Proyecto y Construcción

Subgerente de Servicios Técnicos

Vo. Bo. MLF

ESP-P-6000.doc .doc Página 2 de 48

“En PGPB la más alta prioridad es la seguridad de nuestros trabajadores,

2. 0 CODES AND STANDARDS........................................................................................... 4

4. 0 STANDARD PRACTICE ...............................................................................................14

ESP-P-6000.doc .doc Página 3 de 48

“En PGPB la más alta prioridad es la seguridad de nuestros trabajadores,

This specification prescribes the design standards and engineering practices to

2.0 CODES AND STANDARDS

2.1.1 ANSI (National Standards Institute)

MC 96.1 Temperature Measurement Thermocouples.

2.1.2 API (American Petroleum Institute)

API MPMS14.3 Manual of Petroleum Measurement

API RP 520 Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure-

API RP 521 Guide for Pressure-Relieving and

API RP 526 Flanged Steel Safety-Relief Valves

API RP 527 Commercial Seat Tightness of Safety Relief

API RP 550 Manual on installation of refinery instruments

“En PGPB la más alta prioridad es la seguridad de nuestros trabajadores,

API Std. 598 Valve Inspection and Test

API Std. 2000 Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure

API Std. 2530 Manual of Petroleum Measurement

2.1.3 ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I - Power

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII - Pressure

ASME B1.20 Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)

ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

ASME B31.1 Code for Pressure Piping, Power Piping

ASME B31.3 Code for Pressure Piping, Chemical Plant and

2.1.4 ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)

ASTM E230 Standard Temperature EMF (Electromotive

2.1.5 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations)

29 CFR1910.95 Part 1910 OSHA (Occupational Safety and

29 CFR1910.119 Process Safety Management of Highly

2.1.6 FCI (Fluid Controls Institute, Inc.)

“En PGPB la más alta prioridad es la seguridad de nuestros trabajadores,

FCI 70-2 American National Standard for Control Valve

FCI 84-1 Metric Definition of the Valve Flow Coefficient

2.1.7 ISA (Instrument Society of America)

ISA MC96.1 Temperature Measurement Thermocouples

ISA S5.1 Instrument Symbols and Identification

ISA S5.2 Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations

ISA S5.3 Graphic Symbols for Distributed Control/Shared

ISA S5.4 Instrument Loop Diagrams

ISA S7.3 Quality Standard for instrument air

ISA S18.1 Annunciator Sequences and Specifications

ISA S20 Specification Forms for Process Measurement

ISA S75.01 Flow Equations for Sizing Control Valves

ISA S75.03 Face-to-Face Dimensions for Flanged Globe-

ISA S75.04 Face-to-Face Dimensions for Flangeless

ISA S75.16 Face-to-Face Dimensions for Flanged Globe-

ISA RP 3.2 Flange mounted sharp edged orifice plates for