Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Organizational Transformation
De la ventaja competitiva a la
estrategia corporativa
por Michael E. Porter
Read in English
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From Competitive Advantage to Corporate Strategy 11-09-21 13:53
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From Competitive Advantage to Corporate Strategy 11-09-21 13:53
Mis datos dan una clara indicación del fracaso de las estrategias
corporativas.2 De las 33 empresas, 6 habían sido tomadas cuando
se estaba terminando mi estudio (véase la nota de la prueba 2).
Sólo los abogados, los banqueros de inversión y los vendedores
originales han prosperado en la mayoría de estas adquisiciones,
no los accionistas.
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Los ejecutivos ignoran la prueba mejor sobre todo o tratan con ella
a través de la agitación de brazos o la lógica falsa en lugar de un
análisis estratégico duro. Una razón es que confunden el tamaño
de la empresa con el valor de los accionistas. En el impulso por
dirigir una empresa más grande, pierden de vista su trabajo real.
Pueden justificar la suspensión de la prueba mejor señalando la
forma en que gestionan la diversidad. Al reducir al personal
corporativo al hueso y dar a las unidades de negocio una
autonomía casi completa, creen que evitan las trampas. Tal
pensamiento pierde todo el punto de la diversificación, que es
crear valor para los accionistas en lugar de evitar destruirlo.
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Gestión de Carteras
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Reestructuración
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Tal vez el mayor escollo, sin embargo, es que a las empresas les
resulta muy difícil disponer de unidades de negocio una vez que
se reestructuran y funcionan bien. La naturaleza humana lucha
contra la lógica económica. El tamaño suplanta el valor de los
accionistas como objetivo corporativo. La empresa no vende una
unidad a pesar de que la empresa ya no añade valor a la unidad. Si
bien las unidades transformadas estarían mejor en otra empresa
que tuviera negocios relacionados, la empresa reestructuradora
las conserva. Poco a poco, se convierte en un gestor de cartera. El
retorno de la inversión de la empresa matriz disminuye a medida
que la necesidad de reinversión en las unidades y los riesgos
comerciales normales eventualmente compensan la ganancia
única de la reestructuración. La necesidad percibida de seguir
creciendo intensifica el ritmo de adquisición, resultan errores y
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From Competitive Advantage to Corporate Strategy 11-09-21 13:53
Transferencia de habilidades
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Actividades compartidas
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Un programa de acción
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From Competitive Advantage to Corporate Strategy 11-09-21 13:53
A version of this article appeared in the May 1987 issue of Harvard Business
Review.
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