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OPS Indicadores de Salud - June18-Es PDF
OPS Indicadores de Salud - June18-Es PDF
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Razón de camas hospitalarias por población 300 camas 20 000 hab 1,5 camas por 100 habitantes
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(Q HVWH GRFXPHQWR VH DQDOL]D VROR OD LQFLGHQFLD DFXPXODGD SURSRUFL³Q GH LQFLGHQFLD TXH VHU¡
GHQRPLQDGDWDVDGHLQFLGHQFLD\DTXHHVODWHUPLQRORJDTXHVXHOHXWLOL]DUVHHQHOFDPSRGHODVDOXG
SºEOLFD /R PLVPR VH DSOLFDU¡ D ODV SURSRUFLRQHV GH SUHYDOHQFLD FRQ UHVSHFWR DO XVR GHO W©UPLQR WDVD
GHSUHYDOHQFLD3RUORWDQWRHQHVWHGRFXPHQWRVHDGRSWDHOXVRlato sensuGHOW©UPLQRŮWDVDůFRPR
VLQ³QLPRGHŮSURSRUFL³Qů
7ʞʴʞʢʣʩʯʡʩʢʣʯʡʩʞ
Concepto: /DWDVDGHLQFLGHQFLDVHGHȓQHFRPRHOQºPHURGHFDVRVQXHYRVGHXQDHQIHUPHGDGXRWUD
FRQGLFL³QGHVDOXGGLYLGLGRSRUODSREODFL³QHQULHVJRGHODHQIHUPHGDGSREODFL³QH[SXHVWDHQXQOXJDU
HVSHFȓFR\GXUDQWHXQSHURGRHVSHFLȓFR
Interpretación matemática:/DWDVDGHLQFLGHQFLDHVODSUREDELOLGDGGHTXHXQLQGLYLGXRSHUWHQHFLHQWHD
ODSREODFL³QHQULHVJRVHYHDDIHFWDGRSRUODHQIHUPHGDGGHLQWHU©VHQXQSHURGRHVSHFȓFR
Interpretación epidemiológica: (VWD WDVD SHUPLWH FDOFXODU OD SUREDELOLGDG GH TXH KD\D XQ FDPELR GH
HVWDGRSRUHMHPSORGHQRWHQHUODHQIHUPHGDGDHQIHUPDUVHGHYLYRDPXHUWRVLQXQHYHQWRGDGR\
FRQ HYHQWR DGYHUVR HQWUH RWURV HQ XQ LQWHUYDOR GHWHUPLQDGR (Q W©UPLQRV HSLGHPLRO³JLFRV HVWR VH
23
GHQRPLQD ŮULHVJRů (O ULHVJR HV HQWRQFHV OD SUREDELOLGDG GH FDPELR GH HVWDGR HQIHUPHGDG PXHUWH
HIHFWRDGYHUVRHQXQDSREODFL³QGHLQWHU©V\HQXQLQWHUYDORGDGR3(QHOFDVRGHOHMHPSORFLWDGRHQHO
SXQWRVREUHODVSUREDELOLGDGHVGHGHVDUUROODUXQDDOHUJLDHQWUHHOPRPHQWRGHOQDFLPLHQWR\ORV
D±RVGHHGDGSRGHPRVGHFLUTXHODPHGLFL³QGHODLQFLGHQFLDSURSRUFL³QHQGLH]D±RVFDOFXODHOULHVJR
GHTXHXQQL±RQDFLGRYLYRHQHVDSREODFL³QEDVHGHVDUUROOHXQDDOHUJLDDQWHVGHFXPSOLUORVD±RVGH
HGDG
Método de cálculo:/DWDVDGHLQFLGHQFLDVHFDOFXODGHODVLJXLHQWHPDQHUD
8Q HYHQWR R FDVR SUHYDOHQWH VH GHȐQH FRPR XQ HYHQWR R FDVR H[LVWHQWH GH XQD
HQIHUPHGDGXRWUDFRQGLFL³QHQXQPRPHQWRGDGR
7ʞʴʞʢʣʱʳʣʷʞʬʣʯʡʩʞ
Concepto:/DWDVDGHSUHYDOHQFLDVHGHȓQHFRPRHOQºPHURGHFDVRVH[LVWHQWHVGHXQDHQIHUPHGDGX
RWURHYHQWRGHVDOXGGLYLGLGRSRUHOQºPHURGHSHUVRQDVGHXQDSREODFL³QHQXQSHURGRHVSHFȓFR&DGD
LQGLYLGXRHVREVHUYDGRHQXQDºQLFDRSRUWXQLGDGFXDQGRVHFRQVWDWDVXVLWXDFL³QHQFXDQWRDOHYHQWR
GHLQWHU©V
Interpretación matemática/DWDVDGHSUHYDOHQFLDHVODSUREDELOLGDGGHTXHXQLQGLYLGXRSHUWHQHFLHQWH
DODSREODFL³QEDVHVHDDIHFWDGRSRUHOHYHQWRHQIHUPHGDGGHLQWHU©VHQXQPRPHQWRGDGR
Interpretación epidemiológica:/DWDVDSUHYDOHQFLDVHUHȓHUHDXQDSUREDELOLGDGHVW¡WLFDGHXQDFRQGLFL³Q
GDGDHVWDUHQIHUPRHQGHWHUPLQDGRPRPHQWRHQHOWLHPSR6LQHPEDUJRQRFDOFXODHOULHVJRGHFRQWUDHU
ODHQIHUPHGDG(QHOFDVRGHOHMHPSORFLWDGRHQHQHOFXDOGHXQDSREODFL³QGDGDSDGHFHGH
KLSHUWHQVL³QORTXHVHPLGHHVODWDVDGHSUHYDOHQFLDGHKLSHUWHQVL³Q(VSRVLEOHHQWRQFHVFDOFXODUTXH
24
VL VH VHOHFFLRQD DO D]DU D XQ VXMHWR GH HVD SREODFL³Q OD SUREDELOLGDG HVWLPDGD SRU HO FRHȓFLHQWH GH
SUHYDOHQFLDGHTXHHVDSHUVRQDVHDKLSHUWHQVDHVGH6LQHPEDUJRFRQHVWRVGDWRVQRHVSRVLEOH
DȓUPDUFX¡OHVHOULHVJRGHTXHXQLQGLYLGXROOHJXHDVXIULUGHKLSHUWHQVL³QHQHVDSREODFL³Q
Método de cálculo:/DWDVDGHSUHYDOHQFLDVHFDOFXODGHODVLJXLHQWHPDQHUD
6LXQDHQIHUPHGDGWLHQHXQDSUHYDOHQFLDDOWDHQXQDSREODFL³QHOORSRGUDLQGLFDUXQDLQFLGHQFLDHOHYDGD
RHOKHFKRGHTXHODHQIHUPHGDGRWUDVWRUQRWLHQHXQDODUJDGXUDFL³QFRPRODVHQIHUPHGDGHVTXHVH
KDFHQFU³QLFDV\VRQLQFXUDEOHVDXQTXHQRWLHQHQXQDOHWDOLGDGDOWD3RUHOFRQWUDULRVLXQDHQIHUPHGDG
WLHQHXQDSUHYDOHQFLDEDMDHOORSRGUDLQGLFDUXQDLQFLGHQFLDEDMDRXQSURFHVRGHGHVDSDULFL³QU¡SLGDGH
ODSHUVRQDFRQODHQIHUPHGDGRFRQGLFL³Q\DVHDSRUTXHHQSRFRWLHPSRVHFXUDRVHPXHUH&RQVLGHUDQGR
HVWD UHODFL³Q YDOH OD SHQD PHQFLRQDU TXH FXDOTXLHUD TXH VHD OD LQFLGHQFLD VL HO HYHQWR HV WDQ DJXGR
TXHVXGXUDFL³QPHGLDWLHQGHDFHURODSUHYDOHQFLDGHHVHHYHQWRVHLQFOLQDU¡WDPEL©QKDFLDFHUR6RQ
HMHPSORVGHHVWRODUDELDKXPDQDRODPXHUWHSRUFXDOTXLHUFDXVD
/DLQFLGHQFLDHVHVHQFLDOSDUDDQDOL]DUODRFXUUHQFLDGHHYHQWRVQXHYRVHQODVSREODFLRQHV\
VXVIDFWRUHVDVRFLDGRV/DSUHYDOHQFLDHVHVHQFLDOSDUDSODQLȐFDU\RUJDQL]DUORVVHUYLFLRV
\UHFXUVRVH[LVWHQWHV\REWHQHUDSR\RDGLFLRQDOFXDQGRVHDQHFHVDULR
3RUORJHQHUDOVHXVDODSUHYDOHQFLD\ODLQFLGHQFLDSDUDHQIHUPHGDGHVFU³QLFDVWUDQVPLVLEOHVFRPROD
OHSUD\ODWXEHUFXORVLVDVFRPRSDUDODVHQIHUPHGDGHVFU³QLFDVQRWUDQVPLVLEOHVFRPRODGLDEHWHV6H
XVDODLQFLGHQFLDSDUDHQIHUPHGDGHVDJXGDVGHFRUWDGXUDFL³QTXHVRQFXUDEOHVRWHUPLQDQFRQODPXHUWH
25
FRPRODUDELDKXPDQDHOVDUDPSL³QODȓHEUHFKLNXQJX±D\HOGHQJXHHQWUHRWUDV6HSUHȓHUHODWDVDGH
LQFLGHQFLDFXDQGRHOLQWHU©VHVFDOFXODUHOULHVJRSUREDELOLGDGLQGLYLGXDOGHTXHRFXUUDHOHYHQWRQXHYR
HQGHWHUPLQDGRLQWHUYDOR\SRUORWDQWRGHWHUPLQDUIDFWRUHVGHULHVJRLQGLYLGXDOHV4
(QHVWDVHFFL³QSRGUDSUHVHQWDUVHXQDDPSOLDOLVWDGHLQGLFDGRUHVFODVLȓFDGRVVHJºQHOHYHQWRTXHVH
YDDPHGLU6LQHPEDUJRSDUDSRGHUGHPRVWUDUODXWLOLGDG\ODVOLPLWDFLRQHVGHORVLQGLFDGRUHVVRORVH
LQFOX\H XQ QºPHUR OLPLWDGR GH LQGLFDGRUHV GH FXDWUR GRPLQLRV OD VLWXDFL³Q GH VDOXG PRUELOLGDG OD
VLWXDFL³QGHVDOXGPRUWDOLGDGORVIDFWRUHVGHULHVJRFRPSRUWDPHQWDOHV\ORVVHUYLFLRVGHVDOXG
$O ȓQDO GH HVWD VHFFL³Q VH SURSRUFLRQD XQD OLVWD GH HQODFHV FRQ HMHPSORV \ ȓFKDV W©FQLFDV GH YDULRV
LQGLFDGRUHVGHVDOXGFRPROD/LVWDGH5HIHUHQFLD0XQGLDOGHORV,QGLFDGRUHV%¡VLFRVGH6DOXGGHOD
206\HOGRFXPHQWRGHOD5,36$
/RV LQGLFDGRUHV GH PRUELOLGDG WLHQHQ OD ȐQDOLGDG GH PHGLU OD RFXUUHQFLD GH
HQIHUPHGDGHVOHVLRQHV\GLVFDSDFLGDGHVHQODVSREODFLRQHV
(VWRVLQGLFDGRUHVSXHGHQH[SUHVDUVHDOPHGLUODLQFLGHQFLDRODSUHYDOHQFLD3DUDFDOFXODUODVWDVDVGH
PRUELOLGDG HV QHFHVDULR UHFXUULU D OD REVHUYDFL³Q GLUHFWD FRQ HQFXHVWDV \ RWUDV LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV OD
QRWLȓFDFL³QGHORVHYHQWRVHQORVVLVWHPDVGHYLJLODQFLD\QRWLȓFDFL³QGHHQIHUPHGDGHVHQORVVLVWHPDV
DPEXODWRULRVKRVSLWDODULRVRUHJLVWURVHVSHFȓFRVHQWUHRWURV
'LYHUVRVIDFWRUHVSXHGHQDIHFWDUODH[DFWLWXGGHODPHGLFL³QGHHVWRVHYHQWRVGHPRUELOLGDGHQWUHORV
FXDOHVVHHQFXHQWUDQ
26
E La validez de los instrumentos de medición:/DH[DFWLWXGGHODVSUXHEDVGHGLDJQ³VWLFRP©GLFR
SUREDELOLGDGGHHUURUGHORVGLDJQ³VWLFRVFRPRIDOVRVSRVLWLYRV\IDOVRVQHJDWLYRV\ODYDOLGH]
GHORVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHUHFRSLODFL³QGHGDWRVXVDGRVHQODVHQFXHVWDVDVFRPRODFREHUWXUD
\ OD FDOLGDG GH ORV VLVWHPDV GH LQIRUPDFL³Q XWLOL]DGRV SXHGHQ FRPSURPHWHU OD YDOLGH] GH
ORV LQVWUXPHQWRV GH PHGLFL³Q (O XVR GH SUXHEDV GH GLDJQ³VWLFR P¡V SUHFLVDV SXHGH DOWHUDU
VREUHPDQHUDODGHWHUPLQDFL³QGHFDVRVLQFLGHQWHVRSUHYDOHQWHV\JHQHUDUIDOVDVDOWHUDFLRQHV
HQODVWHQGHQFLDVWHPSRUDOHVGHHVRVLQGLFDGRUHV
F La gravedad de la enfermedad: (O HVSHFWUR GH OD HQIHUPHGDG DIHFWD OD SUREDELOLGDG GH
GLDJQ³VWLFR \ OD QRWLȓFDFL³Q GHO HYHQWR 8QD HQIHUPHGDG SXHGH PDQLIHVWDUVH FRQ GLVWLQWRV
JUDGRV GH JUDYHGDG UHVXOWDQGR HQ LQWHUQDFL³Q LQIRUPDFL³Q FDSWXUDGD R QR LQIRUPDFL³Q
QRFDSWXUDGD7DPEL©QSXHGHRFXUULUP¡VGHXQDYH]HQODYLGDORTXHSXHGHGHWHUPLQDUOD
FRQWDELOL]DFL³QGHYDULRVHYHQWRVDXQDPLVPDSHUVRQD
e. &RQȓGHQFLDOLGDG (O GHVHR GH FRQȓGHQFLDOLGDG SRU SDUWH GH ORV SDFLHQWHV \ OD RPLVL³Q GH
HYHQWRV HQ ODV QRWLȓFDFLRQHV SRU HMHPSOR FDVRV GH LQIHFFL³Q SRU HO 9,+ DERUWRV LOHJDOHV
SXHGHQDIHFWDUODH[DFWLWXGGHORVGDWRV
6HGHVFULEHQDFRQWLQXDFL³QDOJXQRVHMHPSORVGHLQGLFDGRUHVGHPRUELOLGDGHOP©WRGRGHF¡OFXORODV
IXHQWHVGHGDWRV\HOSURS³VLWRGHOLQGLFDGRU
7$6$'(',$*167,&26'(/9,586'(/$,10812'(),&,(1&,$+80$1$(9,+)
• Método de cálculo: (VWD WDVD HV HO QºPHUR GH FDVRV QXHYRV GH LQIHFFL³Q SRU HO 9,+ HQ XQD
SREODFL³QHQXQSHURGRHVSHFȓFRGLYLGLGRSRUHOQºPHURGHSHUVRQDVHQULHVJRGHFRQWUDHUOD
LQIHFFL³QHQHVHPLVPRSHURGR/DVWDVDVGHLQFLGHQFLDGHO9,+SXHGHQFDOFXODUVHSRU
\GHVJORVDUVHSRUHGDGVH[RRULJHQ©WQLFR\RWUDVYDULDEOHV/DGHȓQLFL³QGHFDVRFRQȓUPDGR
GHVLGDVHEDVDHQORVFULWHULRVHVSHFȓFRVTXHDGRSWDQORVSDVHV
• Fuentes comunes: /RV GDWRV SDUD HO QXPHUDGRU QRUPDOPHQWH SURYLHQHQ GH ORV VLVWHPDV
QDFLRQDOHVGHYLJLODQFLDGHVDOXG\RWURVVLVWHPDVGHQRWLȓFDFL³QGHHQIHUPHGDGHV
• Ejemplos de interpretación:(VWHLQGLFDGRUHVWLPDHOULHVJRGHGHVDUUROODUVLGDHQORVPLHPEURV
GHXQDSREODFL³QGHȓQLGDHQXQSHURGRHVSHFȓFR(ODQ¡OLVLVGHHVWDHVWLPDFL³QHQGLIHUHQWHV
27
PRPHQWRVHQHOWLHPSR\HQGLIHUHQWHVVXEJUXSRVSREODFLRQDOHVEULQGDLQIRUPDFL³QºWLOSDUD
PRQLWRUHDU OD PDJQLWXG GHO LQGLFDGRU (VWH LQGLFDGRU WDPEL©Q SXHGH VXPLQLVWUDU HYLGHQFLD
SUHOLPLQDUVREUHODHIHFWLYLGDGGHODVSROWLFDVORVSURJUDPDV\ODVDFWLYLGDGHVGHSUHYHQFL³Q
GHODHQIHUPHGDG3RUHMHPSORSXHGHDSR\DUORVHVWXGLRVGHSRVLEOHVDVRFLDFLRQHVHQWUHOD
LQFLGHQFLDGHHVWDHQIHUPHGDGSRUXQDSDUWH\ORVFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVGHULHVJRRHODOFDQFHGH
ODFREHUWXUDGHOWUDWDPLHQWRDQWLUUHWURYLUDOSRUODRWUD
7$6$'(35(9$/(1&,$'(+,3(57(16,1$57(5,$/
• Método de cálculo:1ºPHURGHFDVRVH[LVWHQWHVGHKLSHUWHQVL³QDUWHULDOSRUGLYLGLGR
SRU HO QºPHUR GH SHUVRQDV TXH FRQIRUPDQ OD SREODFL³Q HQ XQ PRPHQWR HVSHFȓFR /D WDVD
SXHGHGHVJORVDUVHSRUVH[RJUXSRHWDULRRULJHQ©WQLFR\RWUDVYDULDEOHVGHLQWHU©V
• Fuentes comunes: /RV GDWRV SDUD HO QXPHUDGRU QRUPDOPHQWH SURYLHQHQ GH HQFXHVWDV D
OD SREODFL³Q TXH XVDQ PXHVWUDV UHSUHVHQWDWLYDV QDFLRQDOHV R ORFDOHV 3RU FRQVLJXLHQWH HO
LQGLFDGRUHVXQDHVWLPDFL³QGHXQDPXHVWUD\GHEHU¡LUDFRPSD±DGRSRUHOJUDGRGHFHUWLGXPEUH
GHODHVWLPDFL³Q\HOPRQWRGHODYDULDEOHQRH[SOLFDGDLQWHUYDORVGHFRQȓDQ]D
• Ejemplos de interpretación: (VWH LQGLFDGRU HVWLPD OD SUHYDOHQFLD GH OD KLSHUWHQVL³Q HQ OD
SREODFL³Q(ODQ¡OLVLVGHHVWDHVWLPDFL³QHQHOWLHPSR\HQGLIHUHQWHVVXEJUXSRVSREODFLRQDOHV
SHUPLWHPRQLWRUHDUVXPDJQLWXG\SURQRVWLFDUODGHPDQGDGHVHUYLFLRVGHVDOXGUHODFLRQDGRV
FRQHVWDHQIHUPHGDGDVFRPRSODQLȓFDULQWHUYHQFLRQHVSUHYHQWLYDV\SURPRFLRQDOHV
352325&,1'(,1*5(626+263,7$/$5,26325&$86$6(;7(51$6
• Método de cálculo: 1ºPHURGHLQJUHVRVKRVSLWDODULRVSRUJUXSRVGHFDXVDVH[WHUQDVSRU
KDELWDQWHVGLYLGLGRSRUHOQºPHURWRWDOGHLQJUHVRVKRVSLWDODULRVSRUFDXVDVH[WHUQDVHQ
XQSHURGRHVSHFȓFR(VWDSURSRUFL³QSXHGHGHVJORVDUVHSRUVH[RJUXSRHWDULRRULJHQ©WQLFR
\RWUDVYDULDEOHVGHLQWHU©V
• Fuentes comunes:/RVGDWRVGHOQXPHUDGRU\HOGHQRPLQDGRUGHHVWHLQGLFDGRUQRUPDOPHQWH
SURYLHQHQGHORVVLVWHPDVGHLQIRUPDFL³QSURSLRVGHORVKRVSLWDOHVQDFLRQDOHVRORFDOHV3DUD
LQWHUSUHWDUHVWHLQGLFDGRUHVQHFHVDULRDVHJXUDUVHTXHHVW©QUHSUHVHQWDGRVWDQWRORVKRVSLWDOHV
SºEOLFRVFRPRORVSULYDGRV
• Ejemplos de interpretación: (VWH LQGLFDGRU HVWLPD OD SURSRUFL³Q GH WRGRV ORV LQJUHVRV
KRVSLWDODULRV GHELGRV D FDXVDV H[WHUQDV (O DQ¡OLVLV GH HVWD HVWLPDFL³Q HQ HO WLHPSR \ HQ
GLIHUHQWHV VXEJUXSRV SREODFLRQDOHV SHUPLWH PRQLWRUHDU OD PDJQLWXG \ GLVWULEXFL³Q GH HVWH
LQGLFDGRU\PHGLUODUHSHUFXVL³QGHODVLQWHUYHQFLRQHVSUHYHQWLYDV
28
2.3.2 INDICADORES DE MORTALIDAD
/RVGDWRVGHPRUWDOLGDGUHSUHVHQWDQXQDIXHQWHIXQGDPHQWDOGHLQIRUPDFL³QGHPRJU¡ȐFD
JHRJU¡ȐFD\GHFDXVDGHPXHUWH(VWRVGDWRVVHXVDQSDUDFXDQWLȐFDUORVSUREOHPDVGH
VDOXGDVFRPRSDUDGHWHUPLQDURPRQLWRUHDUSULRULGDGHVRPHWDVHQVDOXG
/D PRUWDOLGDG HQ XQ OXJDU \ WLHPSR GHWHUPLQDGRV VH SXHGH PHGLU GH GLVWLQWDV PDQHUDV FRPR FLIUDV
DEVROXWDVSURSRUFLRQHV\WDVDVSRUHMHPSOR$GLIHUHQFLDGHODPRUELOLGDGODPXHUWHHVXQHYHQWRºQLFR
FODUDPHQWH LGHQWLȓFDEOH TXH UHȔHMD OD RFXUUHQFLD \ OD JUDYHGDG GH XQD HQIHUPHGDG 6H UHFRPLHQGD
GHVJORVDUORVGDWRVVREUHPRUWDOLGDGSRUFDUDFWHUVWLFDVFRPRFDXVDHGDGVH[ROXJDUGHUHVLGHQFLD\
RFXUUHQFLD\RULJHQ©WQLFRHQWUHRWUDV
/DPRUWDOLGDGHVODIXHQWHP¡VDQWLJXD\FRPºQGHGDWRVVREUHHOHVWDGRGHVDOXGGHODSREODFL³Q(OUHJLVWUR
GHGDWRVVREUHPRUWDOLGDGHVREOLJDWRULRHQWRGRVORVSDVHVGHOD5HJL³QGHODV$P©ULFDVTXHH[LJHQOD
XWLOL]DFL³Q GH FHUWLȓFDGRV GH GHIXQFL³Q$GHP¡V OD 206 KD SXEOLFDGR UHFRPHQGDFLRQHV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV
DFHUFDGHODVYDULDEOHVTXHVHGHEHQLQFOXLUHQORVFHUWLȓFDGRVGHGHIXQFL³QDVFRPRGLUHFWULFHVDFHUFD
GHODVHFXHQFLD\ODFRGLȓFDFL³QP©GLFDGHODVHQIHUPHGDGHVTXHGHEHQUHJLVWUDUVHHQHVWRVFHUWLȓFDGRV
/DPD\RUSDUWHGHORVSDVHVXWLOL]DOD&ODVLȓFDFL³Q,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH(QIHUPHGDGHV&,(SDUDFRGLȓFDUODV
FDXVDVGHPXHUWHORTXHSHUPLWHKDFHUFRPSDUDFLRQHVHQWUHSDVHVHQGLVWLQWRVPRPHQWRV
'LYHUVRV IDFWRUHV SXHGHQ DIHFWDU OD H[DFWLWXG GH OD PHGLFL³Q GH OD PXHUWH \ VXV FDUDFWHUVWLFDV HQ
SDUWLFXODUODFDXVDE¡VLFDGHODPXHUWHʇ (5)(QWUHHVWRVIDFWRUHVVHHQFXHQWUDQORVVLJXLHQWHV
D /DH[LVWHQFLDGHOH\HVQDFLRQDOHVTXHHVWDEOHFHQTXHODHPLVL³QGHOFHUWLȓFDGRGHGHIXQFL³QHV
XQUHTXLVLWROHJDOSDUDDXWRUL]DUODVHSXOWXUD
E /DH[DFWLWXGGHODVSUXHEDVGHGLDJQ³VWLFRP©GLFRSUREDELOLGDGGHHUURUHQORVGLDJQ³VWLFRV
FRPR IDOVRV SRVLWLYRV \ IDOVRV QHJDWLYRV OD YDOLGH] GH ORV LQVWUXPHQWRV GH UHFRSLODFL³Q GH
GDWRV OD FREHUWXUD GH ORV GDWRV DV FRPR OD FDOLGDG GH ORV FHUWLȓFDGRV GH GHIXQFL³Q \ ORV
SURFHVRVGHFRGLȓFDFL³QP©GLFD
F /DVQRUPDVFXOWXUDOHVSXHGHQDIHFWDUHOFRUUHFWROOHQDGRGHOFHUWLȓFDGRGHGHIXQFL³Q\JHQHUDU
HUURUHVHQODFODVLȓFDFL³QGHDOJXQRVDVSHFWRVGHODVGHIXQFLRQHVFDXVDFLUFXQVWDQFLDVHWF
G (OGHVHRGHFRQȓGHQDFLDOLGDGSRUSDUWHGHORVSDFLHQWHVHQFDVRVGHVXLFLGLRLQIHFFL³QSRUHO
9,+\DERUWRLOHJDOSRUHMHPSORSXHGHWUDHUFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDODRPLVL³QGHDOJXQRVHYHQWRV
ʇ /DFDXVDE¡VLFDGHGHIXQFL³QKDVLGRGHȓQLGDFRPRŮDODHQIHUPHGDGROHVL³QTXHLQLFL³ODFDGHQDGHDFRQWHFLPLHQWRVSDWRO³JLFRVTXH
FRQGXMHURQGLUHFWDPHQWHDODPXHUWHREODVFLUFXQVWDQFLDVGHODFFLGHQWHRYLROHQFLDTXHSURGXMRODOHVL³QIDWDOů(5).
29
UHODFLRQDGRVFRQODVDOXGHQHQFXHVWDVFHUWLȓFDGRVGHGHIXQFL³Q\RWUDVIXHQWHVGHGDWRVVREUH
PRUWDOLGDG
H /DFDSDFLWDFL³QGHTXLHQHPLWHHOFHUWLȓFDGRHQSDUWLFXODUODFDSDFLWDFL³QFRQUHVSHFWRDORV
P©WRGRVFRUUHFWRVSDUDOOHQDUORVFHUWLȓFDGRVGHGHIXQFL³Q\FRGLȓFDUODVGHIXQFLRQHVXVDQGR
ODVGLUHFWULFHVGHOD&,(
I /RVULHVJRVFRPSHWLWLYRVVHJºQODHVWUXFWXUDHWDULD\ODVFDXVDVP¡VIUHFXHQWHVGHPXHUWHHQ
HGDGHVP¡VWHPSUDQDVDOJXQDVFDXVDVGHGHIXQFL³QSXHGHQTXHGDURFXOWDVORTXHUHGXFHOD
SUREDELOLGDGGHVXREVHUYDFL³QGHELGRDORTXHSXHGHGHQRPLQDUVHŮULHVJRVFRPSHWLWLYRVGH
PRUWDOLGDGůʈ (6)3RUHMHPSORXQDSREODFL³QFRQPRUWDOLGDGDOWDSRUDFFLGHQWHVGHWU¡QVLWRHQ
KRPEUHVM³YHQHVWHQGU¡XQDPHQRUSUREDELOLGDGGHREVHUYDUHYHQWRVWDUGRVGHPRUWDOLGDG
FRPRGHIXQFLRQHVSRUF¡QFHUGHSU³VWDWD([DPLQDUODVWDVDVHVSHFȓFDVSRUHGDG\VH[RSXHGH
D\XGDUDFRPSUHQGHUPHMRUORVULHVJRVDVRFLDGRVDODPRUWDOLGDGHQHVDSREODFL³QVLQHOHIHFWR
GHORVULHVJRVFRPSHWLWLYRV
(QOD7DEODHQODS¡JLQDVHSUHVHQWDQWUHVFDWHJRUDVGHLQGLFDGRUHVGHPRUWDOLGDGSRUFDXVDE¡VLFD
GHPXHUWHFDSWXORVGHOD&,(EDVDGRVHQQºPHURVDEVROXWRVGHGHIXQFLRQHV\HQQºPHURVUHODWLYRV
PRUWDOLGDGSURSRUFLRQDOSRUGHIXQFLRQHV\WDVDGHPRUWDOLGDGSRUKDELWDQWHV
$OJXQRVHMHPSORVGHLQGLFDGRUHVGHPRUWDOLGDGVHHQFXHQWUDQDFRQWLQXDFL³Q
7$6$'(0257$/,'$',1)$17,/
• Método de cálculo: 1ºPHURGHGHIXQFLRQHVHQPHQRUHVGHD±RGHHGDGSRUGLYLGLGR
SRUHOQºPHURGHQDFLGRVYLYRVHQODSREODFL³QHQHOD±RGHLQWHU©V
• Fuentes comunes/RVGDWRVSDUDHOQXPHUDGRUGHHVWHLQGLFDGRUQRUPDOPHQWHSURYLHQHQGHORV
VLVWHPDVQDFLRQDOHVGHPRUWDOLGDG\ORVVLVWHPDVGHUHJLVWURGHHVWDGVWLFDVYLWDOHVPLHQWUDV
TXHORVGDWRVGHOGHQRPLQDGRUSURYLHQHQGHORVVLVWHPDVQDFLRQDOHVGHQDFLGRVYLYRV\ORV
UHJLVWURVGHHVWDGVWLFDVYLWDOHV
• Ejemplos de interpretación: Este indicador estima el riesgo que tienen los bebés nacidos vivos
de morir antes de completar un año de vida. El análisis de esta estimación en el tiempo y en
relación con diferentes causas y subgrupos etarios (neonatal, neonatal precoz, neonatal tardío,
postneonatal) permite monitorear la magnitud de este indicador y tener evidencia preliminar
de la efectividad de las políticas, los programas y las intervenciones que tienen como objetivo
prevenir las defunciones infantiles.
ʈ 8QULHVJRFRPSHWLWLYRHVXQUHVXOWDGRDOWHUQDWLYRTXHWLHQHXQDLPSRUWDQFLDFOQLFDLJXDORPD\RUTXHHOUHVXOWDGRSULPDULR\TXHPRGLȓFD
ODSUREDELOLGDGGHOUHVXOWDGRGHLQWHU©V(6).
30
5$=1'(0257$/,'$'0$7(51$
• Método de cálculo: 1ºPHUR GH PXHUWHV PDWHUQDV ŪPXHUWHV GH PXMHUHV SRU FDXVDV \
FRQGLFLRQHVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQODJHVWDFL³QHOSDUWR\HOSXHUSHULRKDVWDGDVGHVSX©VGH
TXHHOHPEDUD]ROOHJDDW©UPLQRŪSRUGLYLGLGRSRUHOQºPHURGHQDFLGRVYLYRVHQOD
SREODFL³QHQHOD±RGHLQWHU©V
• Fuentes comunes: /RV GDWRV SDUD HO QXPHUDGRU GH HVWH LQGLFDGRU QRUPDOPHQWH SURYLHQHQ GH
ORVVLVWHPDVQDFLRQDOHVGHPRUWDOLGDG\GHOUHJLVWURGHHVWDGVWLFDVYLWDOHVFRPSOHPHQWDGRFRQ
LQIRUPDFL³QGHODYLJLODQFLDGHODPRUWDOLGDGPDWHUQDPLHQWUDVTXHORVGDWRVGHOGHQRPLQDGRUVH
REWLHQHQGHORVVLVWHPDVQDFLRQDOHVGHUHJLVWURGHQDFLGRVYLYRV\UHJLVWURGHHVWDGVWLFDVYLWDOHV
• Ejemplos de interpretación: (VWH LQGLFDGRU HVWLPD DXQTXH GH PDQHUD LQGLUHFWD HO ULHVJR
GH XQD PXMHU GH PRULU SRU FDXVDV UHODFLRQDGDV FRQ HO HPEDUD]R 5HȔHMD HO DFFHVR D ORV
VHUYLFLRV \ OD FDOLGDG GH OD DWHQFL³Q RIUHFLGD D ODV PXMHUHV GXUDQWH HO HPEDUD]R HO SDUWR \
HO SXHUSHULR (O DQ¡OLVLV GH HVWD HVWLPDFL³Q D OR ODUJR GHO WLHPSR SDUD GLIHUHQWHV VXEJUXSRV
GH FDXVDV GH PXHUWH \ HQ GLIHUHQWHV VXEJUXSRV SREODFLRQDOHV SHUPLWH PRQLWRUHDU OD
PDJQLWXG GH HVWH LQGLFDGRU (VWH WLSR GH DQ¡OLVLV VXPLQLVWUD HYLGHQFLD GH OD HIHFWLYLGDG
GH ODV SROWLFDV ORV SURJUDPDV \ ODV LQWHUYHQFLRQHV TXH WLHQHQ FRPR REMHWLYR SUHYHQLU ODV
PXHUWHVPDWHUQDVTXHHQVXJUDQPD\RUDVRQHYLWDEOHVVLVHGLVSRQHGHDWHQFL³QSUHQDWDO
\ SRVQDWDO GH EXHQD FDOLGDG \ VH HPSUHQGHQ RWUDV PHMRUDV GH ORV VHUYLFLRV GH VDOXG
7$6$'(0257$/,'$'325,1)(&&,15(63,5$725,$$*8'$(10(125(6'($26'(('$'
• Método de cálculo1ºPHURGHGHIXQFLRQHVSRULQIHFFL³QUHVSLUDWRULDDJXGD,5$HQPHQRUHV
GH D±RV GH HGDG SRU GLYLGLGR SRU HO QºPHUR GH PHQRUHV GH D±RV GH HGDG HQ OD
SREODFL³QHQHOD±RGHLQWHU©V
• Fuentes comunes /RV GDWRV SDUD HO QXPHUDGRU GH HVWH LQGLFDGRU QRUPDOPHQWH VH REWLHQHQ
GHODVXQLGDGHVGHHVWDGVWLFDVGHVDOXG\ORVVLVWHPDVQDFLRQDOHVGHUHJLVWURGHGDWRVVREUH
PRUWDOLGDG
• Ejemplos de interpretación: (VWH LQGLFDGRU HVWLPD HO ULHVJR GH PXHUWH SRU ,5$ HQ
PHQRUHV GH D±RV GH HGDG 5HȔHMD OD FDOLGDG GH OD DWHQFL³Q RIUHFLGD D ORV PHQRUHV
(O DQ¡OLVLV GH HVWD HVWLPDFL³Q HQ HO WLHPSR \ HQ GLIHUHQWHV VXEJUXSRV SREODFLRQDOHV
SHUPLWH PRQLWRUHDU OD PDJQLWXG GH HVWH LQGLFDGRU $GHP¡V HVWH LQGLFDGRU
SURSRUFLRQD HYLGHQFLD SUHOLPLQDU VREUH OD HIHFWLYLGDG GH ODV SROWLFDV ORV SURJUDPDV
\ ODV LQWHUYHQFLRQHV TXH WLHQHQ FRPR REMHWLYR SUHYHQLU OD PRUWDOLGDG SRU HVWD FDXVD
31
0257$/,'$'352325&,21$/325&$86$60$/'(),1,'$6
• Método de cálculo: 1ºPHURGHGHIXQFLRQHVSRUFDXVDVPDOGHȓQLGDVSRUGLYLGLGRSRUHO
QºPHURWRWDOGHPXHUWHVHQODSREODFL³QHQHOD±RGHLQWHU©V
• Fuentes comunes/RVGDWRVGHOQXPHUDGRU\GHOGHQRPLQDGRUGHHVWHLQGLFDGRUQRUPDOPHQWH
VHREWLHQHQGHODVXQLGDGHVGHHVWDGVWLFDVGHVDOXG\ORVVLVWHPDVQDFLRQDOHVGHLQIRUPDFL³Q
VREUHPRUWDOLGDG
• Ejemplos de interpretación: (VWH LQGLFDGRU HVWLPD OD SURSRUFL³Q GH PXHUWHV TXH RFXUUHQ
SRUFDXVDVPDOGHȓQLGDVFDSWXOR;,;GHOD&,(6XDQ¡OLVLVHQHOWLHPSR\HQGLIHUHQWHV
VXEJUXSRV SREODFLRQDOHV SHUPLWH PRQLWRUHDU OD FDOLGDG GH OD LQIRUPDFL³Q VREUH ODV FDXVDV
E¡VLFDVGHPXHUWHDVFRPRODH[DFWLWXGGHODFRGLȓFDFL³QGHOD&,(
(OPRQLWRUHRGHODPRUWDOLGDG\ODPRUELOLGDGGHELGDVD(&17WLHQHXQSDSHOUHOHYDQWHSHURFDSWDHQ
IRUPDWDUGDODVWHQGHQFLDVTXHUHȔHMDQODVH[SRVLFLRQHVDFXPXODGDVHQODYLGD3RUHMHPSORHODXPHQWR
GHODPRUWDOLGDGSRUF¡QFHUGHSXOP³QVRORVHREVHUY³HQORVSDVHVGHVDUUROODGRVGHFHQLRVGHVSX©V
GHO LQFUHPHQWR HSLG©PLFR GHO FRQVXPR GH WDEDFR FRQVLGHUDGR KDVWD HQWRQFHV XQ K¡ELWR LQRFXR (Q
FRQVHFXHQFLDODVLQLFLDWLYDVGHSURWHFFL³Q\SURPRFL³QGHODVDOXGHQSDUWLFXODUODVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQODV
(&17GHEHQFHQWUDUVHHQVXVGHWHUPLQDQWHVP¡VGLVWDOHVDȓQGHIRUPXODU\PRQLWRUHDULQGLFDGRUHVGH
ORVFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVGHULHVJR
(QWUH ORV GHWHUPLQDQWHV GH ODV (&17 H[LVWH XQ FRQMXQWR GH IDFWRUHV GH ULHVJR FRPSRUWDPHQWDOHV TXH
HVW¡QUHODFLRQDGRVFRQPRGRVGHYLGDTXHVRQVXVFHSWLEOHVGHPRGLȓFDFL³QSRUPHGLRGHDFFLRQHVGH
SURPRFL³QGHODVDOXGYLJLODQFLD\DWHQFL³QSULPDULDGHVDOXG&RPRHMHPSORVGHLQGLFDGRUHVGHIDFWRUHV
GH ULHVJR FRPSRUWDPHQWDOHV PRGLȓFDEOHV DVRFLDGRV D ODV SULQFLSDOHV (&17 VH SRGUDQ PHQFLRQDU ODV
WDVDV GH SUHYDOHQFLD GHO FRQVXPR GH WDEDFR GHO VHGHQWDULVPR GH OD DOLPHQWDFL³Q SRFR VDOXGDEOH \
GHOFRQVXPRH[FHVLYRGHDOFRKRO'HKHFKRVHJºQOD206HVWRVFXDWURFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVGHULHVJRVH
DVRFLDQDORVFXDWURJUXSRVGHFDXVDVGHPXHUWHHQIHUPHGDGHVFDUGLRYDVFXODUHVQHRSODVLDVGLDEHWHV\
HQIHUPHGDGHVUHVSLUDWRULDVFRQPD\RULQFLGHQFLDHQHOPXQGR(7).
32
6H KD SURSXHVWR XQ JUDQ QºPHUR GH LQGLFDGRUHV GH IDFWRUHV GH ULHVJR $ FRQWLQXDFL³Q VH SUHVHQWDQ
DOJXQRVHMHPSORV
7$6$'(35(9$/(1&,$'($'8/726)80$'25(6$&78$/(6
• Método de cálculo:1ºPHURGHSHUVRQDVDGXOWDVGHRP¡VD±RVGHHGDGIXPDGRUDVŪ
FXDOHVTXLHUDVHDHOQºPHURGHFLJDUULOORVTXHFRQVXPHQODIUHFXHQFLDFRQTXHORKDFHQ\OD
GXUDFL³QGHOK¡ELWRŪSRUGLYLGLGRSRUHOQºPHURGHSHUVRQDVDGXOWDVGHRP¡VD±RV
GHHGDGTXHSXHGHQVHUUHVLGHQWHVRHQWUHYLVWDGDV
• Fuentes comunes: /RV GDWRV SDUD HO QXPHUDGRU GH HVWH LQGLFDGRU QRUPDOPHQWH VH REWLHQHQ
GH HQFXHVWDV GH EDVH SREODFLRQDO PHGLDQWH HO XVR GH PXHVWUDV UHSUHVHQWDWLYDV QDFLRQDOHV
R ORFDOHV &RPR FRQVHFXHQFLD HO LQGLFDGRU HV XQD HVWLPDFL³Q GH XQD PXHVWUD \ GHEHU¡ LU
DFRPSD±DGRGHOJUDGRGHFHUWLGXPEUHGHGLFKDHVWLPDFL³Q\HOPRQWRGHODYDULDEOHQRH[SOLFDGD
LQWHUYDORVGHFRQȓDQ]D
• Ejemplos de interpretación:(VWHLQGLFDGRUHVWLPDODIUHFXHQFLDGHOFRQVXPRDFWXDOGHWDEDFR
HQODSREODFL³QDGXOWDGHRP¡VD±RVGHHGDG(ODQ¡OLVLVGHHVWHLQGLFDGRUHQHOWLHPSR\HQ
GLIHUHQWHVVXEJUXSRVSREODFLRQDOHVHGDGVH[R]RQDJHRJU¡ȓFDQLYHOGHHVFRODULGDGSHUPLWH
PRQLWRUHDUODPDJQLWXG\GLVWULEXFL³QGHOLQGLFDGRU(VWHLQGLFDGRUVXPLQLVWUDHYLGHQFLDSUHOLPLQDU
VREUH OD HIHFWLYLGDG GH ODV SROWLFDV ORV SURJUDPDV \ ODV LQWHUYHQFLRQHV FRQWUD HO WDEDTXLVPR
7DPEL©Q SXHGH XVDUVH HQ ORV HVWXGLRV VREUH ODV DVRFLDFLRQHV GHO WDEDFR FRQ OD LQFLGHQFLD GH
ODV HQIHUPHGDGHV SXOPRQDUHV HO F¡QFHU \ ODV HQIHUPHGDGHV FDUGLRYDVFXODUHV HQWUH RWUDV
7$6$'(35(9$/(1&,$'($&7,9,'$')6,&$,168),&,(17(
• Método de cálculo:1ºPHURGHSHUVRQDVHQWUH\D±RVGHHGDGLQVXȓFLHQWHPHQWHDFWLYDV
SRUGLYLGLGRSRUHOQºPHURGHSHUVRQDVHQWUHYLVWDGDVHQWUH\D±RVGHHGDG
• Fuentes comunes:/RVGDWRVGHOQXPHUDGRUGHHVWHLQGLFDGRUQRUPDOPHQWHVHREWLHQHQSRUPHGLR
GH HQFXHVWDV GH EDVH SREODFLRQDO XWLOL]DQGR PXHVWUDV UHSUHVHQWDWLYDV QDFLRQDOHV R ORFDOHV
(QFRQVHFXHQFLDHOLQGLFDGRUHVXQDHVWLPDFL³QGHXQDPXHVWUD\GHEHU¡LUDFRPSD±DGRSRUHO
JUDGRGHFHUWLGXPEUHGHGLFKDHVWLPDFL³Q\HOPRQWRGHODYDULDEOHQRH[SOLFDGDLQWHUYDORVGH
FRQȓDQ]D
• Ejemplos de interpretación: (VWH LQGLFDGRU HVWLPD OD SURSRUFL³Q GH SHUVRQDV TXH QR WLHQHQ
VXȓFLHQWHDFWLYLGDGIVLFDHQODSREODFL³QHQWUH\D±RVGHHGDG(ODQ¡OLVLVGHHVWHLQGLFDGRU
HQHOWLHPSR\HQGLIHUHQWHVVXEJUXSRVSREODFLRQDOHVSHUPLWHPRQLWRUHDUODPDJQLWXGGHHVWH
LQGLFDGRU HO FXDO SURSRUFLRQD HYLGHQFLD SUHOLPLQDU VREUH OD HIHFWLYLGDG GH ODV SROWLFDV ORV
SURJUDPDV\ODVLQWHUYHQFLRQHVTXHWLHQHQFRPRREMHWLYRSURPRYHUODUHDOL]DFL³QGHDFWLYLGDG
IVLFDFRQUHJXODULGDG\SUHYHQLUHOVHGHQWDULVPR(OLQGLFDGRUWDPEL©QSXHGHXVDUVHHQHVWXGLRV
33
VREUHODDVRFLDFL³QHQWUHQRUHDOL]DUVXȓFLHQWHDFWLYLGDGIVLFD\ODGLDEHWHVGLIHUHQWHVWLSRVGH
F¡QFHUODVHQIHUPHGDGHVLVTX©PLFDVXRWUDVHQIHUPHGDGHV
7$6$'(35(9$/(1&,$'(/&2168025(*8/$5'()587$6<9(5'85$6
• Método de cálculo: 1ºPHUR GH SHUVRQDV DGXOWDV GH R P¡V D±RV GH HGDG TXH UHȓHUHQ
FRQVXPLU FRQ UHJXODULGDG IUXWDV \ KRUWDOL]DV SRU GLYLGLGR SRU HO QºPHUR GH SHUVRQDV
DGXOWDVRP¡VD±RVGHHGDGHQWUHYLVWDGDV6HGHȓQHTXHŮFRQVXPLUIUXWDV\KRUWDOL]DVFRQ
UHJXODULGDGůTXLHUHGHFLUFRQVXPLUDOLPHQWRVGHHVWHWLSRFLQFRRP¡VGDVSRUVHPDQD
• Fuentes comunes: /RV GDWRV SDUD HO QXPHUDGRU GH HVWH LQGLFDGRU QRUPDOPHQWH VH REWLHQHQ
PHGLDQWH HQFXHVWDV GH EDVH SREODFLRQDO XWLOL]DQGR PXHVWUDV UHSUHVHQWDWLYDV QDFLRQDOHV
R ORFDOHV 3RU FRQVLJXLHQWH HO LQGLFDGRU HV XQD HVWLPDFL³Q GH XQD PXHVWUD \ GHEHU¡ LU
DFRPSD±DGR SRU HO JUDGR GH FHUWLGXPEUH GH GLFKD HVWLPDFL³Q \ HO PRQWR GH OD YDULDEOH QR
H[SOLFDGDLQWHUYDORVGHFRQȓDQ]D
• Ejemplos de interpretación:(VWHLQGLFDGRUHVWLPDODIUHFXHQFLDGHOFRQVXPRUHJXODUGHIUXWDV\
KRUWDOL]DVHQODSREODFL³QDGXOWDRP¡VD±RVGHHGDG(ODQ¡OLVLVGHHVWDHVWLPDFL³QHQHO
WLHPSR\HQGLIHUHQWHVVXEJUXSRVSREODFLRQDOHVSHUPLWHPRQLWRUHDUODPDJQLWXGGHHVWHLQGLFDGRU
HOFXDOSURSRUFLRQDHYLGHQFLDSUHOLPLQDUVREUHODHIHFWLYLGDGGHODVSROWLFDVORVSURJUDPDV\ODV
LQWHUYHQFLRQHVTXHWLHQHQFRPRREMHWLYRSURPRFLRQDUHOFRQVXPRGHIUXWDV\KRUWDOL]DV$GHP¡VHO
LQGLFDGRUSXHGHXVDUVHHQHVWXGLRVVREUHODDVRFLDFL³QHQWUHHOFRQVXPRLUUHJXODURQXORGHIUXWDV\
KRUWDOL]DV\HOVREUHSHVR\ODREHVLGDGDVFRPRODLQFLGHQFLDGHODVHQIHUPHGDGHVQRWUDQVPLVLEOHV
7$6$'(35(9$/(1&,$'(&216802(;&(6,92'($/&2+2/
• Método de cálculo: 1ºPHURGHSHUVRQDVGHRP¡VD±RVGHHGDGFRQXQFRQVXPRH[FHVLYR
GH EHELGDV DOFRK³OLFDV UHIHULGR HQ ORV ºOWLPRV GDV SRU GLYLGLGR SRU HO QºPHUR GH
SHUVRQDVGHRP¡VD±RVGHHGDG(OQXPHUDGRUVHREWLHQHDOPXOWLSOLFDUHOQºPHURGHEHELGDV
FRQVXPLGDVHOPLVPRGDTXHODSHUVRQDEHEHSRUHOQºPHURGHGDVHQORVTXHEHEL³SDUD
OXHJR GLYLGLU HVH SURGXFWR SRU HO QºPHUR GH GDV HQ HO SHURGR GH UHIHUHQFLD /D206 GHȓQH
FRPRFRQVXPRH[FHVLYRGHEHELGDVDOFRK³OLFDVHOFRQVXPRGHP¡VGHGRVWUDJRVGLDULRVSDUD
ORVKRPEUHV\P¡VGHXQWUDJRGLDULRSDUDODVPXMHUHV(8).
• Fuentes comunes: /RV GDWRV SDUD HO QXPHUDGRU GH HVWH LQGLFDGRU QRUPDOPHQWH VH REWLHQHQ
SRU PHGLR GH HQFXHVWDV GH EDVH SREODFLRQDO HQ ODV TXH VH XVDQ PXHVWUDV UHSUHVHQWDWLYDV
QDFLRQDOHVRORFDOHV3RUFRQVLJXLHQWHHOLQGLFDGRUHVXQDHVWLPDFL³QGHXQDPXHVWUD\GHEHU¡
LUDFRPSD±DGRSRUHOJUDGRGHFHUWLGXPEUHGHGLFKDHVWLPDFL³Q\HOPRQWRGHODYDULDEOHQR
H[SOLFDGDLQWHUYDORGHFRQȓDQ]D
34
• Ejemplos de interpretación: (VWH LQGLFDGRU HVWLPD OD IUHFXHQFLD GHO FRQVXPR H[FHVLYR GH
EHELGDVDOFRK³OLFDVHQODSREODFL³QGHRP¡VD±RVGHHGDG(ODQ¡OLVLVGHHVWDHVWLPDFL³Q
HQ HO WLHPSR \ HQ GLIHUHQWHV VXEJUXSRV SREODFLRQDOHV SHUPLWH PRQLWRUHDU OD PDJQLWXG GH
HVWH LQGLFDGRU HO FXDO SURSRUFLRQD HYLGHQFLD SUHOLPLQDU VREUH OD HIHFWLYLGDG GH ODV SROWLFDV
ORV SURJUDPDV \ ODV LQWHUYHQFLRQHV TXH WLHQHQ FRPR REMHWLYR SUHYHQLU HO FRQVXPR H[FHVLYR
GH EHELGDV DOFRK³OLFDV $GHP¡V HO LQGLFDGRU SXHGH XVDUVH HQ HVWXGLRV TXH DQDOL]DQ OD
DVRFLDFL³QHQWUHHOFRQVXPRH[FHVLYRGHDOFRKRO\ODLQFLGHQFLDGHHQIHUPHGDGHVDVRFLDGDVDO
H[FHVRGHDOFRKROFRPRFLUURVLVDOFRK³OLFDSDQFUHDWLWLVDOFRK³OLFDGHPHQFLDSROLQHXURSDWD
PLRFDUGLWLV GHVQXWULFL³Q KLSHUWHQVL³Q DUWHULDO LQIDUWR GH PLRFDUGLR R FLHUWRV WLSRV GH
F¡QFHU GH OD ERFD OD IDULQJH OD ODULQJH HO HV³IDJR R HO KJDGR HQWUH RWUDV HQIHUPHGDGHV
$ODQDOL]DUORVLQGLFDGRUHVGHORVVHUYLFLRVGHVDOXGFDEHSUHJXQWDUVHTX©HVODFDOLGDGGHODDWHQFL³Q
\GHVGHTX©SXQWRGHYLVWDGHEHHYDOXDUVHODGHOXVXDULRODGHORVSURIHVLRQDOHVGHODVDOXGODGHOD
SREODFL³QHQJHQHUDORODGHORVJHUHQWHV(VWHLQWHUHVDQWHGHEDWHSXHGHSURIXQGL]DUVHPHGLDQWHOD
FRQVXOWDGHODELEOLRJUDIDSHUWLQHQWHDOȓQDOGHHVWDVHFFL³Q
35
8QRGHORVHQIRTXHVP¡VDPSOLDPHQWHUHFRQRFLGRVSDUDHYDOXDUODFDOLGDGGHORVVHUYLFLRVGHVDOXG
HV HO XVR GH ODV FDWHJRUDV GH ŮHVWUXFWXUDů ŮSURFHVRů \ ŮUHVXOWDGRů SURSXHVWR SRU 'RQDEHGLDQ (10-
11)$XQTXHHODXWRUFHQWU³VXVUHȔH[LRQHVHQODFDOLGDGGHODDVLVWHQFLDP©GLFDHVWRVFRQFHSWRVVH
DSOLFDQGHIRUPDP¡VDPSOLDDODFDOLGDGGHODDWHQFL³QGHODVDOXGTXHRIUHFHQORVVHUYLFLRVGHVDOXG
HQJHQHUDO
(Q HO PDUFR SURSXHVWR SRU HVWH DXWRU VH VXSRQH TXH EXHQDV HVWUXFWXUDV GH VDOXG DXPHQWDQ OD
SUREDELOLGDG GH WHQHU EXHQRV SURFHVRV \ DPERV DXPHQWDQ OD SUREDELOLGDG GH REWHQHU EXHQRV
UHVXOWDGRVHQFXDQWRDODVDOXG
(Q HVH FRQWH[WR ORV LQGLFDGRUHV GH HVWUXFWXUDV VRQ FDUDFWHUVWLFDV P¡V ȓMDV GHO VLVWHPD H LQFOX\HQ
OD FDOLGDG GH ORV UHFXUVRV PDWHULDOHV HGLȓFDFLRQHV HTXLSRV \ UHFXUVRV ȓQDQFLHURV ORV UHFXUVRV
KXPDQRVQºPHUR\FDOLȓFDFL³Q\ODHVWUXFWXUDRUJDQL]DWLYDRUJDQL]DFL³QGHOHTXLSRP©GLFRP©WRGRV
GH FRQWURO GH FDOLGDG \ P©WRGRV GH UHHPEROVR (10-11) /RV LQGLFDGRUHV GH SURFHVRV GHVFULEHQ ORV
SURFHVRVLPSRUWDQWHVTXHFRQWULEX\HQDOORJURGHUHVXOWDGRVLQFOXLGRVORVSURFHVRVGHSUHVWDUDWHQFL³Q
GH VDOXG FRPR ODV DFWLYLGDGHV SDUD IRUPXODU XQ GLDJQ³VWLFR UHFRPHQGDU XQ WUDWDPLHQWR \ EULQGDU
DWHQFL³QHQWUHRWUDV/RVLQGLFDGRUHVGHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHODDWHQFL³QGHVDOXGUHȔHMDQHOHVWDGRGH
VDOXGGHORVSDFLHQWHV\ODSREODFL³QXQPD\RUFRQRFLPLHQWRSRUSDUWHGHOSDFLHQWHFDPELRVHQVX
FRPSRUWDPLHQWRFRQUHVSHFWRDODXWRFXLGDGR\ODVDWLVIDFFL³QGHOSDFLHQWHFRQUHVSHFWRDODDWHQFL³Q
UHFLELGD
$QWHV GH IRUPXODU \ PRQLWRUHDU DOJXQRV GH ORV LQGLFDGRUHV GLVSRQLEOHV UHODFLRQDGRV FRQ OD FDOLGDG
GHORVVHUYLFLRVGHVDOXGHVQHFHVDULRWHQHUHQFODURODVUHODFLRQHVHVSHUDGDVSODXVLEOHVHQWUHORV
LQGLFDGRUHVGHHVWUXFWXUD\SURFHVRVTXHVHYDQDPRQLWRUHDU\ORVLQGLFDGRUHVGHUHVXOWDGRV$GHP¡V
HOFRQFHSWRGHFDOLGDGGHODDWHQFL³QGHEHU¡JXLDUODSRVLELOLGDGGHGHȓQLUFULWHULRV\SDWURQHVTXH
GHEHQDOFDQ]DUORVLQGLFDGRUHVGHHVWUXFWXUD\SURFHVRVDREMHWRGHORJUDUGHWHUPLQDGRVUHVXOWDGRV
FRQEDVHVLHPSUHHQXQUHIHUHQWHWH³ULFRDGHFXDGREDVHGHFRQRFLPLHQWRY¡OLGD\UD]RQDEOH(10-11).
(Q FXDQWR D OD GLIHUHQFLD HQWUH LQGLFDGRUHV GH UHVXOWDGRV H LQGLFDGRUHV GH LPSDFWR YDOH PHQFLRQDU
TXHORVSULPHURVSRGUDQPHGLUVHHQHOFRUWRSOD]R\ORVVHJXQGRVQHFHVLWDUDQPD\RUWLHPSRSDUDVX
PHGLFL³Q8QHMHPSORSRGUDVHUXQDLQWHUYHQFL³QGHSURPRFL³QGHVDOXGSDUDODFHVDFL³Q\SUHYHQFL³Q
GHOWDEDTXLVPR8QDYDULDEOHTXHSRGUDXVDUVHSDUDPHGLUUHVXOWDGRVSXHGHVHUODUHGXFFL³QGHODV
WDVDVGHSUHYDOHQFLDGHWDEDTXLVPRPLHQWUDVTXHODPHGLGDGHOLPSDFWRVHUDODUHGXFFL³QGHODVWDVDV
GHPRUWDOLGDGSRUF¡QFHUGHSXOP³Q
36
5$=1'(/10(52'(&$0$6+263,7$/$5,$6325+$%,7$17(
• Método de cálculo: 1ºPHURGHFDPDVKRVSLWDODULDVSRUGLYLGLGRSRUHOQºPHURWRWDO
GHKDELWDQWHVHQXQD±RDMXVWDGRHQJHQHUDOSDUDODPLWDGGHOD±R
• Fuentes comunes/RVGDWRVSDUDHOQXPHUDGRUGHHVWHLQGLFDGRUQRUPDOPHQWHVHREWLHQHQ
GHORVLQVWLWXWRVQDFLRQDOHVGHHVWDGVWLFDORVUHJLVWURVGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVGHVDOXGRODV
LQYHVWLJDFLRQHVHVSHFILFDVVREUHODHVWUXFWXUDGHORVVHUYLFLRVGHVDOXG
• Ejemplos de interpretación: (VWH LQGLFDGRU HVWLPD OD UHODFL³Q HQWUH OD RIHUWD R GH OD
FREHUWXUD SRWHQFLDO GH FDPDV KRVSLWDODULDV \ OD SREODFL³Q UHVLGHQWH 'HEH VH±DODUVH
TXH HQ DOJXQRV SDVHV HO FRQMXQWR GH GDWRV VROR LQFOX\H ODV FDPDV GHO VHFWRU SºEOLFR
(O DQ¡OLVLV GH HVWH LQGLFDGRU HQ GLIHUHQWHV PRPHQWRV HQ HO WLHPSR \ HQ GLIHUHQWHV
VXEJUXSRV SREODFLRQDOHV SHUPLWH PRQLWRUHDU OD UD]³Q (VWH LQGLFDGRU SURSRUFLRQD
HYLGHQFLD SUHOLPLQDU VREUH OD HIHFWLYLGDG GH ODV SROWLFDV ORV SURJUDPDV \ ODV DFFLRQHV
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SXHGHXVDUVHHQHVWXGLRVVREUHODHVWUXFWXUDGHODDWHQFL³QKRVSLWDODULD(QJHQHUDOODV
FDPDV KRVSLWDODULDV VH FRQFHQWUDQ HQ ODV ]RQDV XUEDQDV (O PRQLWRUHR GH HVWH LQGLFDGRU
SXHGH SRQHU VREUH OD PHVD GH QHJRFLDFLRQHV GH XQ SDV OD FXHVWL³Q GH EXVFDU XQD
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QDFLPLHQWRVHQODSREODFL³QHQHOD±RGHLQWHU©V
• Fuentes comunes:/RVGDWRVGHOQXPHUDGRU\GHOGHQRPLQDGRUGHHVWHLQGLFDGRUQRUPDOPHQWH
VHREWLHQHQGHORVVLVWHPDVQDFLRQDOHVGHLQIRUPDFL³QVREUHQDFLPLHQWRVDVFRPRGHHQFXHVWDV
GHPRJU¡ȓFDV\GHVDOXG
• Ejemplos de interpretación:(VWHLQGLFDGRUHVWLPDODSURSRUFL³QGHFHV¡UHDVGHQWURGHOWRWDOGH
QDFLPLHQWRVHQODSREODFL³Q(ODQ¡OLVLVGHHVWHLQGLFDGRUHQGLIHUHQWHVPRPHQWRVHQHOWLHPSR
\ HQ GLIHUHQWHV VXEJUXSRV SREODFLRQDOHV SHUPLWH PRQLWRUHDU OD PDJQLWXG GH HVWH LQGLFDGRU
HOFXDOSURSRUFLRQDHYLGHQFLDSUHOLPLQDUVREUHODHIHFWLYLGDGGHODVSROWLFDVORVSURJUDPDV\
ODVDFFLRQHVTXHWLHQHQFRPRREMHWLYRSURPRYHUHOSDUWRQDWXUDO$GHP¡VHOLQGLFDGRUSXHGH
XVDUVHSDUDDSR\DUODVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHVVREUHORVSURFHGLPLHQWRV\SU¡FWLFDVGHXQDVRFLHGDG
UHVSHFWRGHODDFFHVLELOLGDG\HOXVRGHORVVHUYLFLRVGHDWHQFL³QGHVDOXGGXUDQWHHOSDUWR
37
7$6$'(0257$/,'$'325(1)(50('$'(6,1081235(9(1,%/(6(10(125(6'($2
• Método de cálculo: 1ºPHURGHPXHUWHVSRUHQIHUPHGDGHVLQPXQRSUHYHQLEOHVHQPHQRUHVGH
D±RGHHGDGSRUGLYLGLGRSRUHOWRWDOGHQDFLPLHQWRVHQODSREODFL³QHQXQD±R
HVSHFȓFR
• Fuentes comunes: /RVGDWRVSDUDHOQXPHUDGRUGHHVWHLQGLFDGRUQRUPDOPHQWHVHREWLHQHQGHORV
VLVWHPDVQDFLRQDOHVGHLQIRUPDFL³QVREUHPRUWDOLGDGPLHQWUDVTXHORVGDWRVGHOGHQRPLQDGRU
SURYLHQHQGHORVVLVWHPDVQDFLRQDOHVGHLQIRUPDFL³QVREUHQDFLPLHQWRV
• Ejemplos de interpretación: (VWHLQGLFDGRUHVWLPDHOULHVJRTXHWLHQHQORVPHQRUHVGHD±RGH
HGDGGHPRULUSRUDOJXQDFDXVDUHODFLRQDGDFRQXQFRQMXQWRGHHQIHUPHGDGHVSDUDODVFXDOHV
ORVVHUYLFLRVGHVDOXGWLHQHQSURJUDPDV³SWLPRVGHYDFXQDFL³Q(ODQ¡OLVLVGHHVWHLQGLFDGRUHQ
GLIHUHQWHVPRPHQWRVHQHOWLHPSR\HQGLIHUHQWHVVXEJUXSRVSREODFLRQDOHVSHUPLWHPRQLWRUHDU
OD PDJQLWXG GHO LQGLFDGRU HO FXDO VXPLQLVWUD HYLGHQFLD SUHOLPLQDU VREUH OD HIHFWLYLGDG GH ODV
SROWLFDVORVSURJUDPDV\ODVLQWHUYHQFLRQHVSDUDIRPHQWDUODDPSOLDFL³QGHODFFHVRDYDFXQDV
\DSR\DUODVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHVVREUHORVSURFHVRV\SU¡FWLFDVGHORVVHUYLFLRVGHVDOXGHQFXDQWR
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(QOD)LJXUDVHUHVXPHQORVTXLQFHLQGLFDGRUHVGHVFULWRVHQHVWDVHFFL³Q\F³PRVHFODVLȓFDQSDUDORV
DQ¡OLVLV
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MODO DE CATEGORÍA
MEDIDA
INDICADOR MEDIR LA INTERPRETACIÓN EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DE
MATEMÁTICA
SALUD INDICADOR
3UHYDOHQFLDSUREDELOLGDGGHXQDSHUVRQDVHU
7DVDGHSUHYDOHQFLDGH Factor de
Proporción 1HJDWLYR fumadora, en la población base y en un tiempo
fumadores actuales riesgo
HVSHFLÀFDGR
3UHYDOHQFLDSUREDELOLGDGGHTXHXQDSHUVRQD
7DVDGHSUHYDOHQFLDGH Factor de
Proporción 1HJDWLYR QRUHDOLFHVXÀFLHQWHDFWLYLGDGItVLFDHQOD
DFWLYLGDGItVLFDLQVXÀFLHQWH riesgo
SREODFLyQEDVH\HQXQWLHPSRHVSHFLÀFDGR
39
MODO DE CATEGORÍA
MEDIDA
INDICADOR MEDIR LA INTERPRETACIÓN EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DE
MATEMÁTICA
SALUD INDICADOR
Tasa de mortalidad por Incidencia (riesgo de un menor de 1 año de
enfermedades inmunopre PRULUSRUXQDHQIHUPHGDGSUHYHQLEOHPHGLDQWH 6HUYLFLRVGH
Proporción 1HJDWLYR
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1 año do determinado)
&5,7(5,2635&7,&263$5$/$)2508/$&,1'(,1',&$'25(6'(6$/8'
3DUDHOF¡OFXORGHODLQFLGHQFLDFRQYLHQHUHFRUGDUTXHORVHYHQWRVQXHYRVVHDFXPXODQDPHGLGDTXHVH
H[WLHQGHHOWLHPSRGHREVHUYDFL³Q$GHP¡VODPDJQLWXGGHODWDVDDXPHQWDU¡VHJºQHOQºPHURGHQXHYRV
FDVRV
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DJXGRVVLQWRP¡WLFRV\QRVXVFHSWLEOHVGHFXUVRFU³QLFR3DUDORVȓQHVGHODYLJLODQFLDHSLGHPLRO³JLFD
ODREVHUYDFL³QGHOLQGLYLGXRHQXQDºQLFDRFDVL³QFRQODSUHVHQFLDGHOWUDVWRUQR\DGHQRWDXQHYHQWR
LQFLGHQWH$OJXQRVHMHPSORVGHHVWRVFDVRVVHUDQDOJXQDVHQIHUPHGDGHVWUDQVPLVLEOHVRXQDUHDFFL³Q
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40
2.4.3. DEFINICIÓN DEL DENOMINADOR
(OGHQRPLQDGRUHVHOQºPHURGHSHUVRQDVGHODSREODFL³QGHLQWHU©VDOLQLFLRGHOSHURGRGHREVHUYDFL³Q
LQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHTXHSDGH]FDQDOJXQDHQIHUPHGDGRWUDVWRUQRGHVDOXGHVSHFȓFR&DEHUHFRUGDU
TXHHOQXPHUDGRUHVW¡FRPSXHVWRSRUORVLQGLYLGXRVFRQDOJXQDSUREDELOLGDGGHFRQYHUWLUVHHQVXMHWRV
TXHSDGHFHQHOHYHQWR(QRWUDVSDODEUDVHOQXPHUDGRUGHEHVHUODSREODFL³QFRQHOWUDVWRUQRRHOHYHQWR
REMHWR GH OD REVHUYDFL³Q 3RU HMHPSOR DO PHGLU OD WDVD GH LQFLGHQFLD GHO F¡QFHU FHUYLFRXWHULQR HQ XQ
SHURGRHVSHFȓFRGHEHUDPRVLQFOXLUHQHOGHQRPLQDGRUºQLFDPHQWHDODVPXMHUHVGHODSREODFL³QEDVH
TXH WLHQHQ ºWHUR HQ HO F¡OFXOR GH ODV WDVDV GH LQFLGHQFLD GH VXLFLGLR VHUD UHFRPHQGDEOH H[FOXLU GHO
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GHHQHURQRLQFOX\HQDTXLHQHVQDFHU¡QGHVSX©Vb)ORVF¡OFXORVSDUDȓQHVGHD±RHVGHFLUGH
GLFLHPEUH QR LQFOX\HQ D TXLHQHV IDOOHFLHURQ HQ XQ PRPHQWR DQWHULRU GHO D±R SHUR IRUPDEDQ SDUWH
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KRPRJ©QHDGXUDQWHHOD±R3RUFRQYHQFL³QODVHVWLPDFLRQHVGHOFHQVRVHSURSRUFLRQDQSDUDPHGLDGRV
GHD±R$GHP¡VFRPRVHPHQFLRQDUDHOFRQFHSWRGHSREODFL³QHQULHVJRRSRWHQFLDOPHQWHH[SXHVWD
VHUHȓHUHDODVSHUVRQDVTXHWLHQHQSRVLELOLGDGHVGHFRQWUDHUODHQIHUPHGDGRH[SHULPHQWDUHOHYHQWR
GH LQWHU©V /DV DFFLRQHV GH VDOXG SºEOLFD IXQFLRQDQ PHMRU FXDQGR HVW¡Q FHQWUDGDV HQ OD SREODFL³Q
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WRGDVODVSHUVRQDVLQFOXLGDVHQODSREODFL³QHQULHVJRHVW¡QFRQFHUWH]DEDMRHVHULHVJR$OFDOFXODUOD
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PD\RUDGHODVYHFHVQRHVSRVLEOHKDFHUWDOH[FOXVL³QHQW©UPLQRVSU¡FWLFRVVHFRQVLGHUDDOWRWDOGHOD
SREODFL³QHVWLPDGDSRUHOFHQVR
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41
VPLVPRULHJRVGHHQIHUPDUVH\PRULUGLVWLQWRV/DHGDGHOVH[RRULJHQ©WQLFROXJDUJHRJU¡ȓFRQLYHO
VRFLRHFRQ³PLFRVRQYDULDEOHVTXHLQȔX\HQHQJUDQPHGLGDHQHVDGLIHUHQFLDFL³Q
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42
Tabla 3. Método de cálculo de la estandarización directa de las tasas de mortalidad, por grupo etario
Tasa
Población Tasa/100 000 Población
Número de Cociente estandarizada /
Grupo etario por grupo Base habitantes estándar
muertes (2)/(3) 100 000
etario (4)*(5) (OMS)
habitantes
43
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HVSHFȓFDVHGHQRPLQDQWDVDVEUXWDVGHPRUWDOLGDG'DGRTXHODHGDGHVHOIDFWRUGHFRQIXVL³QVHXVD
XQD SREODFL³Q HVW¡QGDU SDUD HOLPLQDU ORV HIHFWRV GH FXDOTXLHU GLIHUHQFLD HQ OD HGDG HQWUH GRV R P¡V
JUXSRVGHODSREODFL³Q(VWDVW©FQLFDVVHOODPDQWDVDVGHPRUWDOLGDGHVWDQGDUL]DGDVRDMXVWDGDVSRUOD
HGDG/DVWDVDVDMXVWDGDVSRUODHGDGVRQWDVDVDUWLȓFLDOHVHPSOHDGDVVRORSDUDKDFHUFRPSDUDFLRQHV
/DWDVDUHDOSDUDXQD]RQDJHRJU¡ȓFDHVSHFȓFDHVODWDVDEUXWD&XDQGRVHHODERUHQFXDGURVGHEHQ
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UHFRPLHQGDHPSOHDUXQDSREODFL³QH[WHUQD&DEHGHVWDFDUTXHODH[SHULHQFLDLQWHUQDFLRQDOLQGLFDTXH
XQDYH]TXHVHDGRSWDXQDSREODFL³QHVW¡QGDUGHEHHPSOHDUVHSRUGHFHQLRV(9)(OXVRGHSREODFLRQHV
HVW¡QGDUHVGLVPLOHVQRSHUPLWHFRPSDUDFLRQHVGHODVWDVDVHQHOWLHPSR3RUORWDQWROD236XVDOD
QXHYDSREODFL³QPXQGLDOHVW¡QGDUGHOD206HQHOF¡OFXORGHODVWDVDVDMXVWDGDVSRUOD
HGDGXVDQGRHOP©WRGRGLUHFWRFRQHOȓQGHIDFLOLWDUFRPSDUDFLRQHVDQLYHOPXQGLDO6HHVSHUDTXHORV
(VWDGRV0LHPEURVGHOD236XVHQODSREODFL³QHVW¡QGDUGHOD206
44
ENLACES DE INTERÉS
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REFERENCIAS
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SECCIÓN 3
Contenido
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47
3.1 FUENTES DE DATOS
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48
Figura 3. Ventajas y desventajas del uso de fuentes y datos primarios o secundarios para la elaboración y el monitoreo de
indicadores de salud
FUENTES Y DATOS
49
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Las fortalezas de los censos son las siguientes: a) alta representatividad, pues
proporcionan un registro completo (o casi completo) del total de la población en el
país; b) periodicidad, puesto que aunque la recopilación de datos se hace cada diez
años, es útil disponer de información que tenga en cuenta el momento en que se
recopiló, especialmente como punto de referencia; c) alta sostenibilidad, ya que el
censo es tarea de un organismo gubernamental que asegura los correspondientes
recursos y la base legal; d) conocimiento sobre la distribución de la población en
función de características importantes; y e) inclusión de preguntas acerca de la
salud.
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Paso 1. Examine la integridad de los datos completos y válidos que componen el indicador
D ¿El indicador se basa en datos representativos de la población objeto de estudio? 2EVHUYHHQGHWDOOH
DODSREODFL³QTXHVHVXSRQHGHEHHVWDUGHVFULWDHQORVGDWRV1RKDJDJHQHUDOL]DFLRQHVLQGHELGDV
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E ¿Las variables usadas para calcular el indicador están completas y son adecuadas y suficientes?
&DOFXOH \ WDEXOH ODV FDUDFWHUVWLFDV GH ODV YDULDEOHV XVDGDV SDUD HODERUDU HO LQGLFDGRU ,QFOX\D ODV
SURSRUFLRQHVGHQRUHVSXHVWDGHVHUSRVLEOHODVUHVSXHVWDVLQY¡OLGDV\RWUDVS©UGLGDV'HWHFWHORV
SUREOHPDVGHFREHUWXUDGHODVYDULDEOHVGHLQWHU©VWRPDQGRHQFXHQWDODUHSUHVHQWDWLYLGDGEDMDXQ
SRVLEOHVHVJRGHVHOHFFL³QGHOLQGLFDGRU\ORVF¡OFXORVEDVDGRVHQGDWRVQRUHSUHVHQWDWLYRV
67
F ¿El indicador se basa en datos válidos de la población destinataria? ¿Las variables usadas para
calcular el indicador se midieron de manera correcta y con un estándar mínimo? $QDOLFHGHPDQHUD
GHWDOODGD OD IRUPD HQ TXH VH GHILQLHURQ FDOFXODURQ \ UHFRSLODURQ ODV YDULDEOHV TXH SURGXMHURQ HO
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GHLQWHU©V\WHQJDHQFXHQWDXQSRVLEOHVHVJRGHPHGLFL³QHQORVLQGLFDGRUHVEDVDGRVHQF¡OFXORV
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Paso 2. Examine la congruencia del indicador estimado con respecto a los atributos de persona
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68
Paso 3. Examine la congruencia del indicador estimado con respecto a los atributos de lugar
¿El indicador es congruente en el espacio? 5HDOLFHXQDQ¡OLVLVGHVHUSRVLEOHGHODGLVWULEXFL³QHVSDFLDOGHO
LQGLFDGRUSRUPXQLFLSLRVHVWDGRV]RQDGHUHVLGHQFLDXUEDQDYHUVXVUXUDOHQWUHRWURV3DUDODPD\RUD
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UHOHYDQWHSDUDGHVSHUWDUVRVSHFKDVVREUHVXFDOLGDG
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5HJL³QGHODV$P©ULFDV(VWRVYDORUHVSXHGHQXVDUVHFRPRUHIHUHQFLDSDUDHYDOXDUODFRQJUXHQFLDGHORV
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E¡VLFRVSXEOLFDGRVSRUOD236\VXVWHQGHQFLDV
Esperanza de vida al nacer (años) 2016 77,0 75,5 74,4 73,4 74,4 77,8 73,8
Razón mortalidad materna/100 000 nv (notificada) UAD* 46,8 12,1 60,8 80,2 104,4 77,3 35,2 88,8
Tasa mortalidad infantil/100 000 nv (reportada) UAD* 13,0 17,5 32,8 18,7 10,3 17,2
Tasa mortalidad neonatal/100 000 (reportada) UAD* 8,2 4,0 10,0 12,0 7,1 15,8
Tasa mortalidad < 5 años/100 000 nv (reportada) UAD* 22,2
Tasa de mortalidad general/1 000 hab 2014 5,6 4,8 6,0 6,7 5,8 6,3 5,5 7,2
Tasa mortalidad por causas externas/100 000 hab 2014 63,5 53,3 68,8 81,1 61,4 87,7 46,6 70,3
Incidencia de VIH/100 000 hab 2015 13,1 12,3 12,4 18,0 18,2 15,3 56,8
Incidencia de tuberculosis/100 000 hab 2014 22,1 3,0 33,2 28,4 58,8 45,3 20,8
Desnutrición crónica en niños < 5 años (%) 2012 10,1 2,1 13,2 30,2 13,1 16,5 7,1
Sobrepeso en niños < 5 años (%) 2012 7,2 6,0 7,7 5,4 7,7 6,6 10,0 6,6
Sobrepeso en adultos 2014 61,0 67,0 57,6 54,0 51,2 57,6 60,8
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Paso 4. Examine la congruencia del indicador estimado con respecto a los atributos de tiempo
¿El indicador es congruente en el tiempo? 5HDOLFH XQ DQ¡OLVLV GH VHU SRVLEOH GH ODV WHQGHQFLDV GHO
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HVWDFLRQDOFRQRFLGRHVGHFLUXQDYDULDFL³QFFOLFDRWHQGHQFLDVKLVW³ULFDVHVSHUDGDVTXHSXHGHQVHUYLU
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69
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Paso 5. Examine la plausibilidad de la magnitud del indicador estimado según otras fuentes de datos
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HVWLPDGRSDUDRWURVSDVHVHVWDGRVRPXQLFLSLRVHQPHMRUHVRSHRUHVFRQGLFLRQHV"
70
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ANEXO
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Título del indicador Incluya el título del indicador.
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Desglose están realmente disponibles. Categorías de análisis: sexo, grupo etario, origen étnico y zona geográfica
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Institución responsable Incluya el nombre de la entidad o unidad responsable de generar, notificar y monitorear el indicador.
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del indicador
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indicador ODSREODFLyQTXHUH~QHORVFULWHULRV
+DVWDPHGLDGRVGHOORVFULWHULRVGHHOHJLELOLGDGHUDQODVSHUVRQDVTXHYLYHQFRQHO9,+FRQXQ
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rentes informes. En el plano nacional, la recogida de datos es continua, con el cálculo de la cober
tura de países a finales de año.
Tipo de indicador Absoluto
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Limitaciones +D\DOJXQDVLQFHUWLGXPEUHVFRQUHVSHFWRDODH[DFWLWXGGHODPRGHOL]DFLyQHVWDGtVWLFDHQHOFRQWH[
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Además, el ONUSIDA no está generando denominadores para todos los países, entre ellos los
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El cambio recomendado en los criterios para el tratamiento de un umbral de CD4 de 350/mL a 500/
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aparente disminución en la cobertura. Deberá tenerse en cuenta el impacto de este cambio en el
seguimiento de este indicador.
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trabajadores sexuales y personas transgénero. Los problemas locales, como los inmigrantes indo
cumentados, también influirán en la precisión del indicador. El monitoreo continuo del acceso de
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Referencias 0DUFRGHPRQLWRUHRGHOFRQWLQXRGHODDWHQFLyQDO9,+$QH[RDOLQIRUPHGHUHXQLyQ&RQVXOWDUH
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Organización Panamericana de Salud, 2014.
84