5 El almacén dentro de la red logística

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Baños Área Estacionamiento

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Área de Área de
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 K]lYj\YmfYe]\aY\]($((+\ŠYk]fj][aZajdYke]j[Yf[ŠYk&
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 ;Y\Y[Yj_Yg[mhY($(.e*\]dj]Y\]j][]h[af&
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L A*,1.*&+(,e* (Continúa)

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 5 El almacén dentro de la red logística

Importante Caso práctico 3 (continuación)

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picking Au = ∑ Nmodi ⋅ Amodi = *- ⋅ +( ⋅ ) + +( ⋅ *( ⋅ ($0( = )&*+( e*
i =)

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% Áreas

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Actividades
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 El almacén dentro de la red logística 5
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135
 5 El almacén dentro de la red logística
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fY$Af\aY$]l[&!q$]f[gfk][m]f[aY$
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136
A. Factores a tener en cuenta en la ubicación
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[agf]k_]f]jYd]keŠfaeYk]pa_a\YkhgjdY]ehj]kY$hYjYhYkYjhgkl]jagje]fl]Ymf]klm\ag
ekja_mjgkg\]dkalag]f[m]klaf&
B. Técnica de localización
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 El almacén dentro de la red logística 5
O L D
Importante
X LX
DYj]dY[af input/outputea\][mf%
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9dljYlYjk]\]mfY^mf[afdaf]Yd$dYkgdm[afk]gZla]f][Yd[mdYf\g;hYjYnYdgj]k]plj]egk\]
X X(qXL!2
Ka;)(3CC*→ Dg[YdarY[afhlaeY]fO X(!
Ka;*(3CC)→ Dg[YdarY[afhlaeY]fD XL!
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Caso práctico 4
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afklYdY[af\]mfYdeY[†f]fEYfrYfYj]k$[am\Y\]fdYim]hjg\m[]dgk_mYfYeafgk$g]fLgd]\g$hgj]klYjekhjpaeYYkm
”fa[ge]j[Y\g\]n]flY2EY\ja\&DY\aklYf[aY]flj]YeZYk[am\Y\]k]k\]1(ce&DY]ehj]kY[m]flY[gfdgkka_ma]fl]k\Ylgk2

Relación input/output Tarifa de transporte Coste de carga Coste de descarga

Materias primas – - €'Le'ce – –

Guanaminos )2(. /€'Le'ce *$+€'Le )$-€'Le

DYkeYl]jaYkhjaeYk]klfkalmY\Yk]f]dgja_]f&DYklYja^Ykkgf\]k\]gja_]f`YklYEY\ja\&Im]j]egk\]l]jeafYj\f\]k]
afklYdYjŠY]dYdeY[†fk]_”f]deg\]dge][fa[g&
Solución
O 
.BO[BOBSFT L  90 D  Toledo

X 90  X

m))Le3m*($.Le
t)-€'Le'ce3t*/€'Le'ce
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137
 5 El almacén dentro de la red logística

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Claves y consejos
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[afdaf]Yd[gfnYjaYkj]klja[[agf]k L]fa]f\g]f[m]flYdgkka_ma]fl]k\Ylgk2
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input/output de transporte de carga de descarga
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O  Córdoba L  138 D  Sevilla

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hg\]egkmladarYj\gke†lg\gk2
a) Modelo aditivo:dY[Yda^a[Y[af\][Y\Ydg[YdarY[afk]gZla]f]kmeYf\g]dhjg\m[lg\]dY
hmflmY[af\][Y\Y^Y[lgjhgjkmhgf\]jY[af2

n
Tj = ∑ Pij ⋅ Fi
i =)

PijHmflmY[af\]d^Y[lgji]f]ddm_Yjj.
FiHgf\]jY[af\]d^Y[lgji.
TjHmflmY[aflglYd\]dYdg[YdarY[afj k]]da_]dYeYqgj!&
b) Modelo multiplicativo:k]\]l]jeafYdYhmflmY[aflglYd\][Y\Ydg[YdarY[afemdlahda[Yf\g
dYhmflmY[af\][Y\Y^Y[lgj]d]nY\YYd[g]^a[a]fl]\]hgf\]jY[af[gjj]khgf\a]fl]2

TjP)jF)P*jF*ÁPnjFn

;mYf\gk]ima]j]im]dYmZa[Y[afY]d]_aj[m]fl][gfmfYhYjla[ahY[afkm^a[a]fl]\]lg\gkq
[Y\Ymfg\]dgk^Y[lgj]k[gfka\]jY\gk$k]]ehd]Y]de†lg\gemdlahda[Ylang&=klgk]\]Z]Yim]$
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138
 El almacén dentro de la red logística 5

Caso práctico 5
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hYjYYmlgenad]k$]kl]nYdmYf\gdYhgkaZada\Y\\]YZjajmffm]ngYdeY[†f$q]kl\m\Yf\g
]flj]lj]kdg[Yda\Y\]k\a^]j]fl]k2K]naddY$:adZYgqEY\ja\&HYjYlgeYjdY\][akaf$dgk\aj][%
langk\]dY]ehj]kY`Yf]nYdmY\g[af[g^Y[lgj]kim]l]hj]k]flYegk]fdYlYZdYka_ma]fl]2

Factores de ponderación (Fi)

Factor Identificación del factor Ponderación (Fi)
) ;gkl]k\]]fljY\Y )(
* ;gkl]k\]kYda\Y ,(
+ <akhgfaZada\Y\\]e]\agk\]ljYfkhgjl] +(
, HgZdY[af\]dj]Y\]af^dm]f[aY *(

LjYkdgkghgjlmfgk]klm\agk\]e]j[Y\g$k]glgj_YY[Y\Ymfg\]dgk^Y[lgj]kmfYhmflmY%
[af\](Y)($im]hgf]\]eYfa^a]klg]d_jY\g\]\akhgfaZada\Y\\]d^Y[lgj]f[Y\Ydg%
[YdarY[af&<]]kl]eg\g$mfYhmflmY[afekYdlYglgj_Y\YYmf^Y[lgjka_fa^a[Yim]
\a[`g^Y[lgj]kekYZmf\Yfl]gekZYjYlg]fmfYrgfYim]]fgljY&N]YegkdYkka_ma]f%
l]khmflmY[agf]k\][Y\YrgfY2

Los factores y su puntuación (Pij)

Localización
Factor
Sevilla Bilbao Madrid
) . 0 0
* / . /
+ / 1 0
, . / 0

J]kgdm[af\]dhjgZd]eYmladarYf\g]de†lg\gY\alangqemdlahda[Ylang2

a) Método aditivo b) Método multiplicativo

LK]naddY.($)/($,/($+.($*.$/ LK]naddY.($)/($,/($+.($*.$-1
L:adZYg0($).($,1($+/($*/$+ L:adZYg0($).($,1 ($+/($*.$.0
LEY\ja\0($)/($,0($+0($*/$. LEY\ja\0($)/($,0($+0($*.$/1
EY\ja\k]jdY]d][[afekY\][mY\Yka_ma]f\g]kl][jal]jag& <]fm]ng$EY\ja\]kdYe]bgj]d][[af&

Actividades
13. K]Yf\gkYdl]jfYlanYk\]dg[YdarY[af\]YdeY[]f]k$9q:$q Factores Los factores
lj]kdgk^Y[lgj]k[gfka\]jY\gk$P$QqR&DYkhgf\]jY[agf]k de ponderación (Fi) y su puntuación (Pij)
\]\a[`gk^Y[lgj]kqdYkhmflmY[agf]k\][Y\Ydg[YdarY[af
k]j][g_]f]fdYlYZdYY\bmflY& Factor Fi Localización

Af\a[Y\f\]k]mZa[Yj]dYdeY[†fhgjdgke†lg\gkY\alang A :
qemdlahda[Ylang$qgZk]jnY[egdYZYbY\akhgfaZada\Y\\]d P ++ ) .
^Y[lgjP]fdYdg[YdarY[af9dd]nYYim]k]hjg\mr[Yf\ak%
[j]hYf[aYk]fdgk\gke†lg\gk& Q ++ 0 -

¸Im†e†lg\g]d]_ajŠYk7JYrgfYlmj]khm]klY& R +, 1 ,

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139
 5 El almacén dentro de la red logística
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CTT = ∑ ci ⋅ v i ⋅ di
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Cx = ∑ dix ⋅ Vi Cy =
∑ diy ⋅ Vi
∑ Vi    ∑ Vi 
Ka]f\gdix qdiy dYk[ggj\]fY\Yk\]dhmflgi,qVi]dngdme]fgh]kg\]]k]hmflg&
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 El almacén dentro de la red logística 5

Caso práctico 6
MfYj]^af]jŠYf][]kalYmZa[YjmfYafklYdY[af\]YdeY[]fYea]flgafl]je]\aY]flj]km
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hdYflYkgfdgkka_ma]fl]k2

500
Consumos
Lugar Coordenadas 450 E
(litros por mes en millones) D
400
350 C
A +*-3/-! )&-((
300
250 Centro
B ,((3)-(! *-( de gravedad
200
C ,-(3+-(! ,-( 150 B
100
A
D +-(3,((! +-( 50
0
E *-3,-(! ,-( 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Solución Fig. 5.19. Dg[YdarY[af\]dgkhmflgkq\]d[]fljg\]

_jYn]\Y\j]hj]k]flY\gk]fdY`gbY\][d[mdg&Hm]\]k
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Cx = ∑ dix ⋅ Vi d ⋅V
C y = ∑ iy i
 ∑ Vi    ∑ Vi
Kmklalmq]f\gnYdgj]k2
(+*- ⋅ )&-(() + (,(( ⋅ *-() + (,-( ⋅ ,-() + (+-( ⋅ +-() + (*- ⋅ ,-() 1*+&/-(
Cx = = = +(/$1
)&-(( + ,-( + *-( + +-( + ,-( +&(((

(/- ⋅ )&-(() + ()-( ⋅ *-() + (+-( ⋅ ,-() + (,(( ⋅ +-() + (,-( ⋅ ,-() .-(&(((
Cy = = = *).$/
)&-(( + ,-( + *-( + +-( + ,-( +&(((

9hYjlaj\]]klgknYdgj]k$k]hg\jŠYhdYfl]YjdYmZa[Y[af\]^afalanY]fdm_Yj]khjpaegkYd
hmflg[Yd[mdY\g +(03*)/!&

Actividades
14. Klgj]EYjc]l]kmfY[Y\]fY\]la]f\Yk&DYkdg[Yda\Y\]k\]dYkla]f\Yk\]dY]ehj]kY
k]]f[m]fljYf]f;`a[Y_g$HallkZmj_`$Fm]nYQgjcq9ldYflY3Y[lmYde]fl]k]]f[m]f%
ljYfYZYkl][a\YkhgjmfYdeY[†fna]bg]afY\][mY\g]fHallkZmj_`$]ddm_Yj\]dYhja%
e]jYla]f\Y\]dY[Y\]fY&Dgk\Ylgk\]dYlYkY\]\]eYf\Y\][Y\Yla]f\Yk]em]k%
ljYfY[gflafmY[af2

Localización Número de contenedores

Localización
de la tienda al trimestre
;`a[Y_g +(3)*(! *&(((
HallkZmj_` 1(3))(! )&(((
Fm]nYQgjc )+(3)+(! )&(((
9ldYflY .(3,(! *&(((

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_jYn]\Y\7

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141
 5 El almacén dentro de la red logística
Importante
DYdirección por objetivos]kmfY
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mfkakl]eY]f]dim]dgkgZb]langk
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[gfbmflYhgjdgk\a^]j]fl]kfan]d]k
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Kmhjaf[ahYd^afYda\Y\]kYk]_mjYj
im]dgkgZb]langkeYj[Y\gke]bgj]f
dY]^a[a]f[aY\]dYgj_YfarY[afY
ljYn†k\]\gknYjaYZd]k^mf\Ye]f%
lYd]k2dY]nYdmY[af\]dj]kmdlY\gq
dYeglanY[af\]d]ehd]Y\g&
142
5. Indicadores de control de almacenes
DY\aj][[afhgjgZb]langkaehda[Yim]dY]ehj]kY\]Z]^abYjmfYk]ja]\]hjaf[ahagkj]dYlanY%
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]kladg\]\aj][[af$Y^ajeYZYim]¿dgim]fgk]ea\]fgk][gfljgdY$qkak][gfljgdY]khgjim]
]kaehgjlYfl]À&
=pakl]fem[`gk$nYjaY\gkqkg^akla[Y\gkaf\a[Y\gj]khYjYe]\ajdY_]klaf\]dgkYdeY[]f]k$
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lg\gla]ehg!fg[geh]fkYfdYaf^gjeY[afim]fgkg^j][]f&L]fa]f\g]klg]f[m]flY$k]`Yf
k]d][[agfY\gdgkaf\a[Y\gj]kim]k]hj]k]flYf]fdYLYZdY-&*&
Indicador Utilidad Fórmula
Fgkea\]]d[gkl]im]Y_j]_Y[Y\Y
Coste unitario de ;gkl] lglYd \]d YdeY[†f
mfa\Y\\]eYl]jaYd]kYd[gkl]lglYd
almacenamiento F&´ \] mfa\Y\]k YdeY[]fY\Yk
\]dYdeY[†f&
Fgkaf\a[YdYj]dY[af]flj][gkl] ;gkl] lglYd \]d YdeY[†f
Coste por unidad
lglYd\]dYdeY[†fqdgkk]jna[agk\]
servida F&´ \] \]khY[`gk j]YdarY\gk
]ph]\a[afj]YdarY\gk&
Fgkea\]dYj]dY[af]pakl]fl]]flj]
Coste operario por ]d[gkl]lglYd\]dYeYfg\]gZjY\]d ;gkl] \] dY eYfg \] gZjY \]d YdeY[†f
unidad servida YdeY[†fq]df”e]jg\]k]jna[agk\] F&´ \] \]khY[`gk j]YdarY\gk
]ph]\a[afj]YdarY\gk&
Fgkj]dY[agfY]d[gkl]lglYd\]d
;gkl] lglYd \]d YdeY[†f
Coste por m3 YdeY[†fq]d]khY[ag]pakl]fl]]f]d
eakeg& E]ljgk [”Za[gk \]d YdeY[†f
Cumplimiento de Fgkea\]dY_]klaf]^][lmY\Y]fdY F&´ \] picking ]^][lmY\gk
pedidos Y[lana\Y\\]picking. F&´ \] picking j]im]ja\gk
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Fgkea\]im†hjghgj[af\]dYdeY% ßj]Y ”lad
utilización del
[†fk]mladarYj]Yde]fl]& ßj]Y lglYd
almacén
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e]ljg$]dj]kmdlY\gk]je]bgj[mYflge]fgjk]Y]djYlag&
Dgkgljgk\gkkgf[gfljgdY\gj]k\]dk]jna[ag3hgjdglYflg$[mYflgeYqgjk]Y]djYlage]bgjk]j
dY[Yda\Y\\]deakeg&DgaehgjlYfl]]kgZk]jnYjdY]ngdm[af\]dgkjYlagk]fnYjagkh]jag\gk\]
la]ehghYjYYfYdarYjkml]f\]f[aY&
MfY[gfka\]jY[afaehgjlYfl]j]kh][lgYdgkAf\a[Y\gj]k]kim]\]hg[gfgknYd]]dgZl]f]jdgk
kafghjg[]\]egkYmfYfdakakhgje]fgjarY\g\]dgkeakegk&9dY`gjY\]k]d][[agfYjdgkaf%
\a[Y\gj]kim]hj]l]f\]egk[gfkljmajqk]_maj\]Z]egkl]f]j]f[m]flYim]]klgkkgdgk]jf
”lad]kkafgkh]jeal]f2
 =klYZd][]j[gehYjY[agf]k&
 K]_majkm]ngdm[af&
 EYj[YjgZb]langk&
 <]^afajdgkfan]d]k\]e]bgjY]kh]jY\gk&
 GZl]f]j[gf[dmkagf]k&
Hgj]kgka]ehj]]khj]^]jaZd]k]d][[agfYjmfgkhg[gkaf\a[Y\gj]k\]e]\a\Y$h]jgim]k]YfY%
da[]f$Yl]f]jem[`gkkafhg\]jkY[Yj[gf[dmkagf]k\]dgkeakegk&
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 El almacén dentro de la red logística 5

Caso práctico 7
;gflafmYf\g[gf]d[Ykghj[la[g-$dY]ehj]kY:Yl]jŠYk\]dE]\al]jjf]gK&9&$kmeafakljY
dYka_ma]fl]af^gjeY[af2
 Dgk[gkl]klglYd]k\]dYdeY[†fYk[a]f\]fY,-(&(((€&
 @YYdeY[]fY\gmflglYd\]/-(&(((mfa\Y\]k\]eYl]jaYd]k&
 @Yj]YdarY\gmflglYd\]0(&(((\]khY[`gk&
 Dgk)-gh]jYjagk\]dYdeY[†f`Yfkmhm]klgmf[gkl]YfmYd\]+((&(((€
;Yd[mdYdgk\a^]j]fl]kŠf\a[]k\][gfljgd2
Solución
Coste de almacenamiento unitario

;gkl] lglYd \]d YdeY[†f ,-(&(((

  ($.( €
F&´ \] mfa\Y\]k YdeY[]fY\Yk /-(&(((

Coste por unidad servida

;gkl] lglYd \]d YdeY[†f ,-(&(((

  -$.* €
F&´ \] \]khY[`gk j]YdarY\gk 0(&(((

Coste operario por unidad servida

;gkl] eYfg \] gZjY \]d YdeY[†f +((&(((

  +$/- €
F&´ \] \]khY[`gk j]YdarY\gk 0(&(((

Coste por m3

;gkl] lglYd \]d YdeY[†f ,-(&(((

  */$)* €
E]ljgk [”Za[gk \]d YdeY[†f ).&-00$0(

Coeficiente de utilización del almacén

ßj]Y ”lad )&*+(

  ($-+
ßj]Y lglYd *&+(,

Actividades
15. 9D>9DG?A;$K&9&$]kmfY]ehj]kYeYqgjaklY\][gehjYn]flY  ßj]YlglYd\]dYdeY[†f20((e*
\]hjg\m[lgkaf^gjela[gk&Hgk]]mfYdeY[†f]f]d:YapDdg%  ßj]Y\]dYdeY[†fmladarY\Y2.-(e*
Zj]_Yl :Yj[]dgfY!$\]d[mYdfgkkmeafakljYdYka_ma]fl]af^gj%
eY[af2 9hYjlaj\]]klYaf^gjeY[af$[Yd[mdYdgk\a^]j]fl]kŠf\a[]k
\][gfljgd\]YdeY[]f]k2
 ;gkl]\]dj]Y\]j][]h[af2)*&(((€
a) ;gkl]\]YdeY[]fYea]flgmfalYjag
 ;gkl] \]d j]Y \] YdeY[]fYea]flg2 *+&((( €$ \] dgk
[mYd]k)-&(((€[gjj]khgf\]fYdYeYfg\]gZjY& b) ;gkl]hgjmfa\Y\k]jna\Y
 ;gkl]\]dj]Y\]\]khY[`g2.&-((€ c) ;gkl]gh]jYjaghgjmfa\Y\k]jna\Y
 F”e]jg\]pickings]^][lmY\gk2,&+(( d) ;gkl]hgje+
 F”e]jg\]pickingskgda[alY\gk2,&.(( e) ;g]^a[a]fl]\]mladarY[af\]dYdeY[†f

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