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FLEXION-FLEXOCOMPRESION
Los miembros en flexion (vigas) deben verificarse segun los siguientes estados limites de
servicio:
1.- Resistencia
2.- Pandeo lateral Torsional (PLT) (Volcamiento) *Los primeros 4
3.- Pandeo Local Ala estados limites
4.- Pandeo Local Alma controlan el
5.- Corte dimensionamiento.
6.- Condiciones de Serviciabilidad
El menor optado en cada uno de los estadios limites de servicio correspondera a la
capacidad del elemento en flexion ( ϕMn ).
Ixx
Mp ≔ fy ⋅ Zi Zx ≔ 1.1 ⋅ Sx Sx ≔ ―― y: Centroide en Y
y x: Centroide en X
Iyy
Mn ≔ Mp Zy ≔ 1.6 ⋅ Sy Sy ≔ ――
x
1.2 Tramo BC (INELASTICO)
‾‾‾
E
Lp ≔ 1.76 ⋅ ii ⋅ ― Mp ≔ 1.1 ⋅ Sx ⋅ fy
fy
Debe verificarse siempre que Mn este en el rango establecido por el
tramo [Mp<Mr<Mr] antes de calcular la capacidad final.
La deformacion que sufre cada fibra de la seccion del a viga, es menor a la deformacion
de fluencia.
La deformacion que sufre cada fibra de la seccion del a viga, es menor a la deformacion
de fluencia.
Mn < Mp Mn ≔ Fcr ⋅ Sx
π2 ⋅ E ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ J ⋅ C ⎞ ⎛ lb ⎞ 2
Fcr ≔ Cb ⋅ ――― ⋅ 1 + 0.078 ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟
⎛ lb ⎞ 2 ⎝ Sx ⋅ h0 ⎠ ⎝ rts ⎠
⎜―― ⎟
⎝ rts ⎠
ϕMn ≔ 0.9 ⋅ Mn
Caso 1
Caso 1
Pu Mu
――< 0.2 ó ――― < 0.2
⎛ Pn ⎞ ⎛ Mn ⎞
⎜―― ⎟ ⎜―― ⎟
⎝ Ω ⎠ ⎝ Ω ⎠
Pu Mux ⋅ β1 Muy ⋅ β1 Cm
―――+ ―――+ ―――≤ 1 β1 ≔ ―――― ≥1
⎛ Pn ⎞ ⎛ Mn ⎞ ⎛ Mn ⎞ Pn
2 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ ⎜―― ⎟ ⎜―― ⎟ 1 - α ⋅ ――
⎝ Ω ⎠ ⎝ Ωx ⎠ ⎝ Ωy ⎠ Pe1
⎛ M1 ⎞
Cm ≔ 0.6 - 0.4 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ M1: Momento menor en extremo en V. Abs.
⎝ M2 ⎠ M2: Momento mayor en extremo en V. Abs.
Caso 2
Pu Mu
――> 0.2 ó ――― > 0.2
⎛ Pn ⎞ ⎛ Mn ⎞
⎜―― ⎟ ⎜―― ⎟
⎝ Ω ⎠ ⎝ Ω ⎠
Pu 8 ⎛ Mux ⋅ β1 Muy ⋅ β1 ⎞
――+ ―⋅ ⎜―――+ ――― ⎟≤1
⎛ Pn ⎞ 9 ⎜ ⎛ Mn ⎞ ⎛ Mn ⎞ ⎟
⎜―― ⎟ ―― ⎜――
⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ Ωx ⎟⎠ ⎟
⎝ Ω ⎠ ⎝ Ωy ⎠ ⎟⎠
ECUACIONES PRE-DISEÑO
1.Compresion
⎛ kx ⋅ l ⎞ ⎛ ky ⋅ l ⎞ Pu
ix ≥ ⎜―― ⎟ iy ≥ ⎜―― ⎟ Areq ≔ ―――
⎝ 200 ⎠ ⎝ 200 ⎠ 0.3 ⋅ fy
2.Flexion
Mu ⋅ 1.67 lb
Sx ≥ ―――― iy ≔ ―――
0.3 ⋅ fy ⋅ Cb ‾‾‾
E
7⋅ ―
fy
Ejercicio 1
kgf
E ≔ 2100000 ―― Ag ≔ 149.08 cm 2
cm 2
kgf
fy ≔ 2531 ―― P2 ≔ 15 tonnef
cm 2
SOLUCION
I. COMPRESION
- Estimacion de factores k
- Calculo de esbelteces:
Tramo 1 Tramo 2
kx1 ⋅ lbx1 kx2 ⋅ lbx2
λx1 ≔ ―――= 22.5 λx2 ≔ ―――= 55.385
ix ix
λy1 < λlim Columa Corta λy2 < λlim Columa Corta
Tramo 1
⎛ fy ⎞
π2 ⋅ E kgf ⎜―― ⎟
⎝ Fe1 ⎠ kgf
Fe1 ≔ ――― 2
= 4083.851 ―― Fcr1 ≔ 0.658 ⋅ fy = 1952.703 ――
⎛⎝λy1⎞⎠ cm 2 cm 2
Pn1
Pn1 ≔ Fcr1 ⋅ Ag = 291.109 tonnef ―― = 174.317 tonnef
Ω
Tramo 2
⎛ fy ⎞
π2 ⋅ E kgf ⎜―― ⎟
⎝ Fe2 ⎠ kgf
Fe2 ≔ ――― 2
= 2297.166 ―― Fcr2 ≔ 0.658 ⋅ fy = 1595.934 ――
⎛⎝λy2⎞⎠ cm 2 cm 2
Pn2
Pn2 ≔ Fcr2 ⋅ Ag = 237.922 tonnef ―― = 142.468 tonnef
Ω
II. FLEXION
12.5 ⋅ Mmax
Cb ≔ ―――――――――――
2.5 ⋅ Mmax + 3 ⋅ MA + 4 ⋅ MB + 3 ⋅ MC
MA ≔ 7.2 tonnef ⋅ m MB ≔ 7.65 tonnef ⋅ m MC ≔ 8.075 tonnef ⋅ m
12.5 ⋅ Mmax1
Mmax1 ≔ 8.5 tonnef ⋅ m Cb1 ≔ ―――――――――――= 1.088
2.5 ⋅ Mmax1 + 3 ⋅ MA + 4 ⋅ MB + 3 ⋅ MC
⎡⎛ ⎛ Lb1 - Lp ⎞⎞ ⎤
Mn ≔ Cb1 ⋅ ⎢ ⎜Mp - ((Mp - Mr)) ⋅ ⎜―――⎟⎟ ⎥ = [[ 50.45 ]] m ⋅ tonnef
⎣⎝ ⎝ Lr - Lp ⎠⎠ ⎦
Tramo 2 Lb2 ≔ 6 m
‾‾‾
E
Lp ≔ 1.76 ⋅ iy ⋅ ― = 3.843 m
fy
Lr ≔ 36.8 m Lp < Lb < Lr Por lo tanto Tramo Inelastico
12.5 ⋅ Mmax
Cb ≔ ―――――――――――
2.5 ⋅ Mmax + 3 ⋅ MA + 4 ⋅ MB + 3 ⋅ MC
12.5 ⋅ Mmax2
Mmax2 ≔ 5.2 tonnef ⋅ m Cb2 ≔ ―――――――――――= 1.146
2.5 ⋅ Mmax2 + 3 ⋅ MA + 4 ⋅ MB + 3 ⋅ MC
⎡⎛ ⎛ Lb2 - Lp ⎞⎞ ⎤
Mn1 ≔ Cb2 ⋅ ⎢ ⎜Mp - ((Mp - Mr)) ⋅ ⎜―――⎟⎟ ⎥ = [[ 52.281 ]] m ⋅ tonnef
⎣⎝ ⎝ Lr - Lp ⎠⎠ ⎦
Mn2
―― = 27.974 tonnef ⋅ m
Ω
III. FLEXO-COMPRESION
Tramo 1
Mu1
Mu1 ≔ Mmax1 = 8.5 tonnef ⋅ m ――― = [[ 0.272 ]]>0.2 CASO 2
⎛ Mn1 ⎞
⎜―― ⎟
⎝ Ω ⎠
Pu 8 ⎛ Mux ⋅ β1 Muy ⋅ β1 ⎞ Muy ⋅ β1
――+ ―⋅ ⎜―――+ ――― ⎟ ――― = 0 (Se asume que
⎛ Pn ⎞ 9 ⎜ ⎛ Mn ⎞ ⎛ Mn ⎞ ⎟ ⎛ Mn ⎞
⎜―― ⎟ ―― ⎜―― ⎜―― flexion solo en un
⎝ Ω ⎠ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝ Ωx ⎟⎠ ⎟
⎝ Ωy ⎠ ⎟⎠ ⎝ Ωy
⎟
⎠ sentido)
⎛ M1 ⎞
Cm ≔ 0.6 - 0.4 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ = 0.28 α ≔ 1.6 (ASD)
⎝ M2 ⎠
π 2 ⋅ E ⋅ Ix Cm
Pe1 ≔ ―――― 2
= 6104.749 tonnef β1 ≔ ―――― = 0.303 <1
⎛⎝k1 ⋅ Lb1⎞⎠ Pn1
1 - α ⋅ ――
Pe1
β1 ≔ 1
β1 ≔ 1
Restricciones Valores de prueba
Pu1 8 Mu1 ⋅ β1
――― + ―⋅ ――― =1
⎛ Pn1 ⎞ 9 ⎛ Mn1 ⎞
⎜―― ⎟ ⎜―― ⎟
⎝ Ω ⎠ ⎝ Ω ⎠
Tramo 2
Mu2
Mu2 ≔ Mmax2 = 5.2 tonnef ⋅ m ――― = 0.186 <0.2 CASO 1
⎛ Mn2 ⎞
⎜―― ⎟
⎝ Ω ⎠
Pu Mux ⋅ β1 Muy ⋅ β1
―――+ ―――+ ―――≤ 1 Muy ⋅ β1
⎛ Pn ⎞ ⎛ Mn ⎞ ⎛ Mn ⎞
2 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ ⎜―― ⎟ ⎜―― ⎟ ――― = 0 (Se asume que
⎝ Ω ⎠ ⎝ Ωx ⎠ ⎝ Ωy ⎠ ⎛ Mn ⎞
⎜―― ⎟ flexion solo en un
⎝ Ωy ⎠ sentido)
⎛ M1 ⎞
Cm2 ≔ 0.6 - 0.4 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ M1 ≔ 3.5 tonnef ⋅ m M2 ≔ 5.2 tonnef ⋅ m
⎝ M2 ⎠
⎛ M1 ⎞
Cm ≔ 0.6 - 0.4 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ = 0.331 α ≔ 1.6 (ASD)
⎝ M2 ⎠
π 2 ⋅ E ⋅ Ix Cm
Pe2 ≔ ―――― 2
= 3433.922 tonnef β1 ≔ ―――― = 0.358 <1
Pn1
⎝⎛k2 ⋅ Lb2⎠⎞ 1 - α ⋅ ――
Pe1
β1 ≔ 1
Restricciones Valores de prueba
Pu2 Mu2 ⋅ β1
―――+ ――― =1
⎛ Pn2 ⎞ ⎛ Mn2 ⎞
2 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ ⎜―― ⎟
⎝ Ω ⎠ ⎝ Ω ⎠
Solver
P2
P1 ≔ Pumax - ―― = 124.746 tonnef
2
Ejercicio 2
Ejercicio 2
Datos
Cw ≔ 315000 cm 6 ry ≔ 3.79 cm
kgf
h0 ≔ 360 mm - 12.7 mm = 34.73 cm fy ≔ 2531 ――
cm 2
lb ≔ 6 m largo de la barra
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
‾‾‾‾‾‾
Iyy ⋅ Cw kgf
rts ≔ ―――― = 4.475 cm E ≔ 2100000 ――
Sx cm 2
SOLUCION
Zx ≔ 1.1 ⋅ Sx = 994.4 cm 3
Mp ≔ Zx ⋅ fy = 25.168 tonnef ⋅ m
‾‾‾
E
lp ≔ 1.76 ⋅ ry ⋅ ― = 1.921 m
fy
Ω ≔ 1.67
Mn
―― = 9.956 tonnef ⋅ m
Ω
Ejercicio 3
Ejercicio 3
Datos
SOLUCION
Compresion
⎛⎝kx ⋅ lb⎞⎠
rx ≔ ――― = 5.5 cm
200
⎛⎝ky ⋅ lb⎞⎠
ry ≔ ――― = 2.2 cm
200
Pu
Areq ≔ ――― = 39.51 cm 2
0.3 ⋅ fy
Flexion
lb
ry ≔ ―――― = 3.603 cm
‾‾‾
E
5.3 ⋅ ―
fy
lb
ry ≔ ―――― = 3.603 cm
‾‾‾
E
5.3 ⋅ ―
fy
Como recomendacion se eligen perfiles que cumplan con 1.3Sx para evitar unas
posibles iteraciones
Verificacion IPE500
Compresion
⎛⎝kx ⋅ lb⎞⎠
λx ≔ ――― = 53.922
rx
⎛⎝ky ⋅ lb⎞⎠
λy ≔ ――― = 102.326 λy controla y es menor a 200
ry
‾‾‾
E
λlim ≔ 4.71 ⋅ ―= 135.67 λ < λlim ==> columna corta
fy
Pn
― = 102.947 tonnef 102.947 T > 30 T, cumple
Ω
Flexion
Mn ≔ Mp = 55.43 tonnef ⋅ m
Mn
―― = 33.192 tonnef ⋅ m 33.19 T m > 12 T m, cumple
Ω
Flexo Compresion
Pu
―― = 0.291 0.29>0.2 ==> caso 2
Pn
―
Ω
Cm
β1 ≔ ―――― = 0.609
Pu
1 - α1 ⋅ ――
Pe1
α1 ≔ 1.6
Cm
β1 ≔ ―――― = 0.609
Pu
1 - α1 ⋅ ――
Pe1
Pu 8 ⎛ Mu ⋅ β1 ⎞
――+ ―⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ = 0.613 0.613<1, cumple
⎛ Pn ⎞ 9 ⎜ ⎛ Mn ⎞ ⎟
⎜―⎟ ⎜⎝ ⎜⎝―― ⎟
⎝Ω⎠ Ω ⎠ ⎟⎠