Fill in the blanks with the suitable (active or passive) form of the verbs in brackets:

Once a valve…………. (damage) beyond repair, as happens with recurrent attacks of a rheumatic fever, the only way to
save the patient, …………(be) to replace it. Almost all replacements …………(do) today using mechanical devices.
Among the earliest …………(be) the ball-and-cage valve which …………(invent) in 1961 by Albert Sterr, a surgeon of
Portland, Oregon, USA and his collaborators M. Lowell Edwards. It …………(have) a plastic ball in a stainless steel or
titanium cage. But the device ……………(have) several disadvantages. The presence of the ball…….. (cause) severe
turbulence and cavitation which also ………………(cause) damage to red blood cells leading to the risk of clot
formation. It ……………… (be) therefore necessary to put the patient on a long term anticoagulant therapy.

31- Decide whether the following sentences are active or passive. The fill in the blanks with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets in the tense given.
1- English ....................................(teach) all over the world now (Present Continuous)
2- My house ......................................(burgle) last night. (Past Simple).
3- The soldier......................................(salute) the general. (Past Simple).
4- The demonstrators ........................................(stand) in the middle of the road yesterday. (Past Continuous).
5- When................................................(the parcel/ send) to Greece? (Past Simple).
6- My boss ........................................(not able) to give me a rise this year. (Present Simple).
7- The eggs...........................................(add) after you mix the sugar and butter. (Present Simple).
8- The newspaper.........................................(print) the story tomorrow. (Future Simple).
9- The trip next week........................................(cancel) if it keeps raining. (Be going to).
10- François Mitterand, the French president, .....................................(die) in 1996. (Past Simple).

Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the active or passive.
Many people use the Internet, or the Net as it 1.............................. (call). Some people consider it as an
encyclopedia, which 2.............................. (can / use) to get information. However, when it 3..............................(invent),
the Internet had a different purpose. Until then, people 4.............................. (communicate) by radio and telephone, but
these means of communication 5.............................. (not consider) safe ways of sending private messages. A new way of
sending private or secret information 6.............................. (need). Researchers in the American Defence Department
studied the problem, and in 1969 they 7............................... (establish) the Internet. Since then, the Net has grown and
changed. In recent years, it 8.............................. (use) for e-mail, shopping and chatting to people all over the world.
Millions of people 9............................... (connect) to it. Perhaps, in the future, phones 10.............................. (replace)
entirely by e-mail, but for the time being, there are still many people who prefer to chat on the phone.
1. A new law on health care (passed / was passed) by the government last month.
2. School uniforms (aren’t worn / don’t wear) at our school.
3. We (will meet / will be met) you at the station at 10 o’clock.
4. We believe that endangered animals (should be protected / should protect).
5. Notices (have sent / have been sent) to all the members of the club.
6. The offices (were cleaning / were being cleaned) all afternoon.
7. Dave (hadn’t finished / hadn’t been finished) theexam when the bell rang.
8. Dogs (mustn’t take / mustn’t be taken) into shops.
1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense:

Tom Wilson 1) .... is.... (be) an explorer. He 2) ………….(be) to nearly every country in the world, but the most
exciting time he 3) …………………………. (ever/have) was when he 4) …………………… (go) to the Congo
jungle. A magazine 5)………………….. (ask) him to retrace the route of a famous explorer who 6) ………………….
(disappear) in the 1920's. As he 7) ……………….(follow) a small river he got separated from his guides. He 8)
…………………………. (go on) alone, hoping he 9) ………………….. (find) them, but instead he 10)
………………… (encounter) a group of natives. He 11) …............... (stay) with them for several days and 12)
…………………….. (find out) that a very old woman
13) ……………………(actually/meet) the famous explorer. She 14) …………… (know)
how he 15) …………………………….(die). Tom 16) ………………………….(become) very
friendly with the natives and now he 17) …………………………… (plan) to go back and see them again. He is sure
they 18) …………………………………..(welcome) him back.

2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense:

When Francis Lee was a boy he 1) ............................. (want) to be an astronaut. He

2) ……........…….(watch) TV one day in 1969 when he 3) ……………………. (see) Neil Armstrong walk on the
moon. Since then he 4) …………….......……… (always/dream) of doing the same. Every night when there is a full
moon, he 5)………….……….. (stare) up at it for hours and 6) ……………..........……. (imagine) himself walking
around on it. At the moment, however, he 7) ……………….(work) as a night-watchman at a meat factory. He 8)
…………………………. (do) the same job since he left school fifteen years ago, but he still hopes that one day his
dream 9) ……….............………….. (come) true. He 10) ………………… (hear) that in the 21st century they 11)
…................... (sell) tickets to fly to the moon. For this reason he 12) …………….............(save) half of his wages every
month for the past two years.

3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense:

Sue Thomas is a fashion designer. She 1) ... has been making.... (make) clothes ever since she 2) ………….(be) a
young girl. She 3) …………………………. (get) her first job in a clothes factory when she was sixteen. She 4)
…………………… (sew) buttons onto a shirt one day when she 5)………………….. (have) a brilliant idea for a
design. After she 6) …………………. (speak) to her bank manager, she got a loan and she 7) …………....…….(open)
her own little workshop. Now she 8) …………………………. (make) lots of money. Next year she 9)
………………….. (open) a shop which will sell all her own designs. She 10) ………………… (sell) clothes to a lot of
famous people, including film stars and singers, and she 11) …...................... (think) she will be very rich soon.
 GRAMMAR WORKSHEET 15

> Have/get something done

1. Rewrite these sentences using the structure have/get + something + done.

1We asked the baker to make a birthday cake for Sarah.

We had Sarah’s birthday cake made at the bakery.______
2My scooter is being repaired at the moment.
I’m

3A professional magician entertained the children at the Christmas party.

We

4John’s hair was dyed green last week.

John

5My luggage was taken by mistake at the airport.

I got

6We asked a well-known singer to sing at our school concert.

We

2. Using got in a passive sentence makes it sound less formal. Rewrite the sentences so that they sound more
formal (less like you are chatting with a friend). You will also need to change some words (bike → bicycle) and
phrasal verbs (put in → install).

1 I got my hair cut on Saturday.

My hair was cut on Saturday. OR: I had my
hair cut on Saturday.________________________________
2The boy got caught in a car accident.

3Our neighbours are getting a new kitchen put in.

4You should get that cut seen by a doctor.

5He got picked up by the police because he looked suspicious.

6They are getting their flat done up while they are on holiday.

Put the verbs in brackets into their correct tenses. There may be more than one possible answer.

1. If you ……………………(Go) away, please.................................(Write) to me.

2- If she …………………….(Be) in, I …………………. (Give) it to her. Now it’s too late.
3. My aunt ……………………(Be able to) help us if she…………………(Be) on time last night.
4. If my brother.........................(Eat) another cake, he...............................(Get) sick soon, that's why he won't
5. If you……………………..(Heat) water, it……………………… (Boil).
6. If we ………..……(Go) to London for our holiday last year. We……………(See) The Tower of London.
7. I………………….(Speak) to Clement at the party if he………………….(Apologise) for what he said to me.
8. If I ……………………(Know) Rob's address in New York , I………………….(Visit) him.
9. I think Diane………………….. (Look) much nicer if she ………………………(Have) a new hairstyle.
10. She……………………(Look) better if she ……………………(Wear)a dress to go to the concert last night.
11. John…………………….(Not Get) such poor marks if he…………………………(Work) harder
12. If Katy………………………..(Be) taller, she………………………………(Play) in the ladies' volleyball team.
13. If the weather………………………….(Not Be) so bad last week, they……………………Go) for a excursion.
14. If I……………………….(Be) George. I…………………………….(Not Go) to the concert without a ticket
15. If Terry…………………………(Get up) earlier this morning, he………………………….(Tidy) the house
instead of leaving it for his mother.
16. Paul………………………(Pass) his exams easily if he……………………………(Work) harder.
17. If I……………………. (Not Have) so much work to do. I……………………. (Go) to the cinema tonight.
18. My brother…………………….. (Live) in the U.S A if he…………………………… (Have) a work permit.
19. If Jim…………………………..(Not Tell) so many lies, people………………………..(Like) him.
20. If Donald…………………….(Go) to the theatre with us, he……………………(Not Enjoy) that comedy we saw.

34. 1. Bruce wishes he ___________(have) more money so he could buy a new sweater.
35.
2. I wish I ___________( (be) taller so that I could be in the basketball team.
36.
3. I wish you ___________( (stop) watching television while I am talking to you.
37.
4. I wish you ___________( (do) that. It annoys me.
38.
5. I wish the holidays ___________( (come) so we could go off to the seaside.
39.
6. Of course Tom wishes he ___________( (come) with us to Paris, but he has to stay here.
40.
7. I wish we ___________( (go) to the match on Saturday but we're visiting my uncle.
41.
8. I wish you ___________( (keep) your mouth shut yesterday. Now Mary knows.
42.
9. If only I ___________( (lose) all my money. Now I'm broke.

10. PETER IS ALWAYS LATE. IF ONLY HE ___________( (TURN UP) ON TIME FOR A CHANGE!
1 I don't understand this point of grammar. I wish I ______ it better.
2 It never stops raining here. I wish it ______ raining.
3 I should never have said that. I wish I ______ that.
4 I miss my friends. I wish my friends ______ here right now.
5 I speak terrible English. I wish I ______ English well.
6 I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it ______ quiet.
7 This train is very slow. The earlier train was much faster. I wish I ______ the earlier train.
8 I didn't see the TV programme but everybody said it was excellent. I wish I ______ it.
9 I went out in the rain and now I have a bad cold. I wish I ______ out.
10 This movie is terrible. I wish we ______ to see another one.
11 I hate living in England. It's cold and it's damp. I wish I ______ in Spain.
12 I love California. I wish I ______ there right now.
13 My car is too small. I wish I ______ a bigger one.
14 I was only in Miami for a week. I wish I ______ more time there but I had to go on to New York.
 15 My face is bright red. I wish I ______ in the sun so long yesterday.
16 It was supposed to be a secret. I wish you ______ him.
17 They didn't offer me the job. I wish they ______ it to me.
18 You're always moaning about something or other. I wish you ______
19 I hate having red hair. I wish I ______ blonde hair.
20 This exercise is very boring. I wish the teacher ______ us some more interesting things to do.
1.- It's not necessary for you to do the test.
You.................................................................................................................................................................
2.- The teacher didn't allow the class to leave before 4:30.
The teacher made............................................................................................................................................
3.- They arrived very late because they had a flat tyre
If.......................................................................................................................................................................
4.- If he doesn't apologize we will never invite him here again.
Unless…….......................................................................................................................................................
5.-Many people still remember the assassination of President Kennedy.
President Kennedy...........................................................................................................................................
6.- If you want my advice, get a good lawyer.
You...................................................................................................................................................................
7.- A university degree isn't necessary for that job.
You……………………………………………………………………………...............................................
8.-Perhaps my father will pick you up.
My father..........................................................................................................................................................
9.- My car needs cleaning. I’ll take it tomorrow.
(must) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10.- Do you want to go to Saint Moritz this winter ?
(like) …………………………………………………………………………………………………….......
11.- We expect her to pass her driving test. She drives well.
She………………………………………………………………………………….......................................
12.- The government should pass a law against pollution.
A law................................................................................................................................................................
13.- She didn't tell anyone about the phone call.
No one………………………………………………………………………..................................................
14.- Never underestimate the importance of a good education.
The importance................................................................................................................................................
15.- That house is still up for sale.
Nobody…………………………………………………….............................................................................
16.- Would it be possible for me to take the car?.
Would it be alright if......................................................................................................................................?
17.- Can I read one of your books?.
Is it………………………………………………………………………………..........................................?
18.- The teacher said the report must be finished by next week.
The teacher insisted on....................................................................................................................................
19.- Be careful not to drop the vase. Whatever................................................................................................
20.- There were 100 redundancies in that company last summer.
100 workers......................................................................................................................................................
21.-I would prefer if we attended a late show.
I’d rather .........................................................................................................................................................
22.-1 won't let you forget about your appointment.
I’ll……………………………………………………………………………….............................................
23.- They crossed the Atlantic in three days.
It………………………………………………………………….................................................................
24.- She isn't old enough to play in the championship.
She is too..........................................................................................................................................................
25.- Someone almost certainly stole the car during the night.
The car must.....................................................................................................................................................
26.- He didn't become an accountant because he failed his exams.
If……………………………………………………………………………………………..........................
27.- He gave up cigarettes when he was thirty.
He stopped.......................................................................................................................................................
28.- Few people speak Gaelic in Ireland.
There aren't.......................................................................................................................................................
29.- My elder sister doesn't speak Spanish, nor does my other sister.
Neither of………………………………………………………………………………….............................
30.- Running a big car like that can't be all that cheap.
It must.............................................................................................................................................................
31.- Jennifer started teaching six years ago.
Jennifer has......................................................................................................................................................
32.- What do you find most interesting about the film?
What interests................................................................................................................................................?
33.-I was amazed by the things he said.
I thought what................................................................................................................................................

2.- It isn't necessary to phone before you visit me. You..................................................................................

3.- Why don't you take a taxi? I suggested.....................................................................................................
4.- The UN is sending food to the starving refugees. Food............................................................................
5.- "Don't worry" He said to Jenny. I told Jenny............................................................................................
6.- When we were seventeen we often went to the discos. ( used) ………………………………………….
7.- Despite the age of the house we managed to sell it. Although.................................................................
8.- The doctor checked his blood. He.............................................................................................................
9.-" I must go now, Mum". Peter said...........................................................................................................
10.-" Shall I type this letter for you". "Do you want....................................................................................?
1 l.-We last saw a royal procession three years ago (for)……………………………………………………
12.-Do you have any experience in editing books? (ever) ………………………………………………….
13.- Perhaps it's raining outside (may) …………………………………………………………………….
14.- Chewing gum is forbidden in class. You...............................................................................................
15.-We have sent my brother a Christmas card. My brother.......................................................................
16.-The city council has no more money for development (already)……………………………..............
17.-Unfortunately he was drunk and had an accident. I wish......................................................................
18.-"Can you help me with my homework?" Sue asked Michael.............................................................
19.-Perhaps he telephoned, but I was out earlier. He..................................................................................
20.-The post arrived two minutes ago (just) ………………………………………………………………
21.-"Will you let me stay out late tonight"? Andrew asked his mother.......................................................

22- My bag was so heavy that I had to ask for help (such)………………………………………………..
23.-You must sterilize a baby's bottle to kill germs. A baby 's bottle..........................................................
24.- Teachers don't let students cheat in the exams. Students....................................................................
25.- I’ve never eaten this before. It's the first time......................................................................................
26.- It's a pity you didn't tell us about this. I -wish......................................................................................
27.- It started to rain at two o'clock. It has..................................................................................................
28.- They made her hand over her passport. She was.................................................................................
29.-We started writing to each other six years ago. We have.....................................................................
30.- My brother and I both went to that school. / went to that school and so……………………………
32.- Someone must meet him at the railway station. He.................................................................................
33.- She said to us " Don't be late". She told...................................................................................................
34.-1 often get up early. I’m used..................................................................................................................
35.- I'm sorry I interrupted your dinner. /apologize.......................................................................................
36.- Someone stole my purse from my handbag. My purse…………………………………………………
37.- " Go home at once, John". She told John...............................................................................................
38.- When did you start working here? How long......................................................................................
39.- They made him wait for two hours. He was........................................................................................
40.-1 must leave now, or I will miss the bus. I will miss the bus................................................................
41.- How old do you think this house is?. When do you think...................................................................?
42.- The police made the boat turn back. The boat......................................................................................
43.- I’ve never been to the ballet before. It’s …….............. ......................................................................
44.- I’m grateful that you looked after my mother so well. Thank you........................................................
45.- He was driving very fast because he didn't know the road was icy If...................................................
46.- "Don't walk on the grass", the gardener said to us. The gardener told.................................................
47.- I’m sure she's not at home. I’ve just phoned and there's no reply. She..................................................
..................................

3 Choose the correct words.

When The Face Model Agency offered fifteen-
year-old Julie Willis a job, it was a dream
come true. However, once she started work,
Julie found she had no time for school. Finally
she decided she 1 had to / mustn’t leave.
Many people criticized her decision.

‘It was a difficult thing to do,’ says Julie.

‘And I miss all my friends. But I 2 had to /
must make a choice. Although I 3 don’t have
to / mustn’t go to school, I still 4 have to /
mustn’t study. I have a private tutor now. My
parents told me I 5 don’t have to / have to
take some exams.’

‘Most models retire young,’ adds Julie’s

mother. ‘So Julie 6 mustn’t / doesn’t have to
forget that she needs qualifications for her
next job.’

But at the moment Julie isn’t worried about

the future. ‘Next week I 7 have to / mustn’t
go to New York for a photoshoot,’ she says.
‘I still can’t believe my luck!’
Instructions: Read the sentences. Make deductions using "can't", "could" "may" "might" and "must"
1. Annie goes to school from 9 am to 2 pm. It's 1:30 pm. Where's Annie?
She be at home. She be in biology class.
2. Ron likes playing soccer on Saturday mornings. It's Saturday afternoon. What's Ron doing?
He still be playing soccer, can he? He be at home by now.
3. Joanna never leaves her house before eating breakfast. Today she's running late. What's she doing?She be
leaving yet. She eating breakfast.
4. Pedro only skips work for important events.Today is the final game of the Soccer World Cup.
Where's Pedro?He be at a bar watching the game. He be watching the game online,
but he be in the office.
5. Rhonda and Jackie love watching movies. Their favorite movies are comedies, but they don't like animated movies
very much. Today, a new 3D animated movie is premiered. What are they doing?

Fill in: didn't have to, needn't have, should ( n't ) have, ought ( not ) to have could ( n't ) have

1. You gone to bed earlier if you wanted to catch the early train.

2. Helen eaten so much ice cream. It always gives her indigestion.

3. You bought a ticket. I had an extra one just in case.

4. I wasn't well prepared for the exam. I'm sure I passed it.

5. Dennis pay any medical expenses as he's got private health insurance.

6. HARRIET VISITED THE DENTIST BECAUSE SHE DIDN'T HAVE ANY CAVITIES.
INDIRECT TO DIRECT SPEECH

1. A) RAHUL ASKED ME IF I HAD SEEN THE CRICKET MATCH ON TV THE PREVIOUS NIGHT.

2. c) James told his mother that he was leaving for New York the next day.

3. b) I asked him why he didn’t work hard.

4. c) He exclaimed that it was a hot day.

5. c) The priest urged them to be quiet and to listen to his words

1. Peter said he had enjoyed himself very much.

2. She said that she was almost sure.

3. He asked me how long it would take me to go home.

4. She asked me if I had listened to the 9 o'clock news

5. He asked me if I was going to stay in.

6. She asked him if he would go home by bus.

7. My friend asked me where I had bought my car from.

8. Helen told Peter to be careful.

9. He told the children to stop that noise.

10. She told him not to wait for her outside the cinema.
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS. USE
MODAL PERFECTS. THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE SUITABLE ANSWER.
1.I don't understand why you didn't help her. You...........................(offer) some help.
2.I was surprised that Rosie didn't visit me. She........................(know) I was ill.
3.Michelle wasn't well when I saw her. It was obvious that she........................(go) to the doctor.
4.The lights are out. Everyone.....................(leave).
5.Terry....................(read) that book. I am not sure.
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER
1. How does she know that today is my birthday? Someone (must tell/ must have told) her.
2.There (may have been/ may be) a storm tonight. Do you want to stay home?
3.We (needn't /needn't have ) shot that scene again.
4. He crossed the road without looking. He (could have been/ could be) killed.
5. Actors (need/ need to) learn their lines very well.
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER
Dancing with vampires
Dancing with vampires is an amazing film! You (must/can) see it. There were moments when I (could/might) feel
the hairs on my neck standing on end. I was so scared that I often (have to / had to) cover my eyes. In my opinion,
however, the choice of the leading actress wasn't good. Anyone else would have given a better performance. Still
the director (couldn't have / needn't have) made a more frightening film if he had tried! It (must/ must have) taken
the make-up artists hours to do the make-up. I (can't/ haven't been able to) stop thinking about the film ever since I
saw it. I only have one regret.- I (shouldn't /shouldn't have) taken my mother with me as she has been having
nightmares ever since.
Complete the sentences with CAN, COULD, BE ABLE TO. (Attention to the tenses)
1. I'm sorry, but we ____________ go to your party next Saturday.
2. She got the job because she ____________ speak five languages.
3. You are speaking very quietly. I ____________ hear you.
4. I was tired but I ____________ leave until the meeting finished.
5. He ____________ go to the concert next Saturday. He is working.
6. She ____________ understand me in spite of the noise around.
7. I'll ____________ see you tomorrow.
8. When they came back from Paris, they ____________ speak perfect French.
9. After a few hours, I ____________ open the door and go out.
10. I've never ____________ understand maths.
11. He ____________ repair the car but it took him a long time.
12. We ____________ contact our agent in Athens a few minutes ago.
13. After the accident, he somehow ____________ walk home.

E) Complete these sentences with MUST, MUSTN'T, NEEDN'T or HAVE TO.

1. Why are you still waiting? You ____________ wait any more.
2. Some years ago in Spain, men ____________ do military service.
3. Sarah is a nurse, sometimes she ____________ work at weekends.
4. Why does she want to decide now? She ____________ answer until tomorrow.
5. 5. I didn't have any money with me, so I ____________ borrow some.
6. I eat too much chocolate, I really ____________ stop.
7. They've been very rude, they ____________ apologise tomorrow.
8. You ____________ borrow my books without asking.
9. I'm sorry, you ____________ smoke here.
10. You ____________ take that money, it isn't yours.
IMPERSONAL PASSIVE

28.People say that the president will arrive on Monday .

29.People think that money is the most important thing in life .

30.They thought that he was an artist .

31.They think I come from Italy .

32.People feared that the criminals would escape .

33.People hope that prices won't go up this year .

34.People generally assume that the USA is the richest country in the world .

1 PEOPLE THINK THAT NEITHER SIDE WANTED WAR.

2 People say that fewer than 1,000 blue whales survive in the southern hemisphere.

3 Everyone knows that eating fruit is good for you.

4 People consider that one in three bathing beaches is unfit for swimming.

5 At least 130,000 dolphins are reported to be caught in the nets of tuna fishers every year.

6 It is estimated that in the past 15 years about 10 million dolphins have been killed.

7 In ancient Greece people thought dolphins were men who had abandoned life on land.

8 In ancient Rome it was believed that dolphins carried souls to heaven.

9 People say that the company invested fifty million pounds last week.

10 People say Mr Clark was difficult to work with when he was younger.

11 Someone has calculated that the water of the River Rhine contains over 2,000 chemicals.

12 Everyone thought the painting had been destroyed in the fire.

13 It is believed that the Chinese invented gunpowder.

14 About 1 million papers are thought to have been sold.

15 It is thought that the two injured men were repairing high-tension cable.

16 We hope that the government has prepared a plan.

17 People say that Mr Bond was having business difficulties when he was charged with fraud.

18 It is thought that this treasure dates from the 19th century.

19 People believe that a professional thief stole the painting.