Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Snchez Carrin
Facultad De Ingeniera Qumica, Metalurgia
Y Ambiental
ALUMNOS:
JAMANCA ANTONIO, Edgar Martin
Solucin
Para resolver el Modelamiento del proceso, se realizara siguiendo las estrategias siguientes.
Esquema de proceso
Fi
Ci(t)
C(t)
Fo
C(t)
Restricciones
Principios en el proceso
Balance de masa.
(
) = () () ()
= 0 () () = 0 ()
() = ( ) () ( ) () ()
( + ) () = ( ) () 0 ()
( +
+ 0 ) () = ()
= ( + 0 )
Donde se obtendra:
()
()
( )
+
= ( )
()
Modelos matemticos
Para este proceso se utilizara los siguientes mtodos matemticos.
La transformada de Laplace
Algebra de Bloques
0
2
1
1
Tanque I
Tanque II
3
2
(1)
(2)
( ) = 0 1
(3)
1
. (
) = 0 1
(4)
1
En la vlvula:
1
1 =
(7)
1
(8)
(9)
) = 0 1
(10)
2
En la vlvula:
1 2
2 =
(14)
3
. (
1
[ () 1 ()]
0
1 ()
1 () =
1
1
[ () + 2 () 3 ()]
2 () =
2 1
1 () =
3 () =
(15)
(16)
(17)
1 () 2 ()
2
(18)
2 ()
1 =
1
1
1 ()
De la ecuacin 16
Grafica 2
1 ()
1 ()
2
2 =
1
1
2 ()
1 ()
3 =
1
2
3 ()
De la ecuacin 18
Grafica 4
1 ()
3 ()
4 =
1
2
2 ()
Reagrupando la graficas 1, 2, 3 y 4
H1
2 ()
0 ()
1 ()
3 ()
3 ()
1
2
1
2
1 2
1 + 1 1 2
1 2
1 + 1 1 2
1+
1
2
1 2
1 + 1 1 2
3 4 2 + 2 3 4
2
1 2
1 + 1 1 2
3 4 2 + 2 3 4
2 + 3 3 4 2 + 3 2 3 4
3 ()
0 ()
[
1 2
3 (3 4 2 + 2 3 4 )
][
]
1 + 1 1 2 2 + 3 3 4 2 + 3 2 3 4
Solucin:
Balance de masa total:
()
= 1 () 2 () 3.1
Vlvulas:
() = 5001 1 ()
1
3.2
() = 5002 2 ()
2
3.3
2 () = 2 +
. . ()
3 3.4
144.
2 (). (3 ())
] 3.5
4 3
2 ()
1
1
2
| = (500)2
2 ( ) [
]
2 () 2
1/2
= 2
Entonces:
2 ()
2 + 1 (2 () )
2 + 2 (2 ()
2 ) 3.6
()
() +
| (() )
()
()
| = 3 [6 32 ] = 3
() 4
Entonces:
() = + 3 (() ) 3.7
Tenemos 5 Ecuaciones lineales (3.1), (3.2), (3.6), (3.4), (3.7); con 5 variables desconocidas:
Ahora:
2 () = 2 ()
2
()
()
2
= 2
2
() = ()
Sustituimos las variables de desviacin en la ecuacin (3.6) y (3.7):
2 ()
2 + 1 . 2 () + 2 . 2 () 3.8
() = + 3 () 3.7
De (3.2):
1 () = 4 . 1 () 3.10
Dnde:
4 = 5001
()
3.11
De (4):
2 () = (2 3 ) +
()
3.12
144
Linalizando:
3.13
144
Sustituyendo (3.13) de (3.12) y usando la definicin 2 () ():
2 () =
() 3.14
144
2 = (2 3 ) +
()
() = 3
3.15
144
1
2 = 0
O
4 1
2 = 0 3.16
Sustituyendo (3.16) de (3.15):
4 1 () 1 . 2 () 2 .
()
() = 3
144
Dnde:
1 () = 2 ()
1
()
+ () = 1 1 () 2 2 ()
Dnde:
3 (144)
2
144. . 4
1 =
2 . .
144. . 1
1 =
2 . .
=
Y:
()
1
=
3.17
1 () + 1
()
2
=
3.18
2 () + 1
Con:
= 6.915; 1 = 77.43 ; 2 = 75.54
+ 1)
Descomponiendo por fracciones parciales tenemos:
2
1
() = 1 [
+ ]
+ 1 2
() =
1
} 1 { } + 1 { 2 }]
+ 1
Obtenemos:
() = 1 [ + . () ] 3.19
10
1
} 1 { } + 1 { 2 }]
+ 1
Obtenemos:
() = 2 [ + . () ] 3.20
= 6.915; 1 = 77.43
h(t)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
0
0.055718
0.221804
0.496674
0.878766
1.36654
1.95848
2.653089
3.448893
4.34444
5.338298
6.429055
7.61532
8.895722
10.26891
11.73355
13.28833
14.93195
16.66315
18.48066
20.38324
22.36968
24.43876
26.5893
11
28.82014
31.13012
33.5181
35.98296
38.52361
41.13894
43.8279
46.58941
Grafica N 3.1:
50
45
40
35
h(t)
30
25
k1
20
15
10
5
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
= 6.915; 2 = 75.54
h(t)
0
0.1
-0.05436
0.2
-0.21639
0.3
-0.48455
12
-0.85732
0.5
-1.33318
0.6
-1.91068
0.7
-2.58833
0.8
-3.36471
0.9
-4.2384
-5.20799
1.1
-6.27213
1.2
-7.42944
1.3
-8.67858
1.4
-10.0183
1.7
-14.5675
1.8
-16.2564
1.9
-18.0296
-19.8857
2.1
-21.8237
2.2
-23.8422
2.3
-25.9403
2.4
-28.1167
2.5
-30.3703
2.6
-32.7
2.7
-35.1046
2.8
-37.5833
2.9
-40.1348
-42.7581
3.1
-45.4522
13
0.5
1.5
2.5
-5
-10
h(t)
-15
K2
-20
-25
-30
-35
40
h(t)
20
K1
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
K2
-20
-40
-60
14
Solucin
Para la solucin de este problema de orden superior, se consulto la tabla 8-4
Volumen de los tanques: 1 = 2 = 3 = 7000
Rango del transmisor de concentracin: 0.3 a 0.7 fracciones de masa
Las caractersticas de la vlvula de control son lineales, y se puede considerar que la cada de
presin a travs de la misma es constante.
El rango del transmisor de flujo, 1 (), es de 0 a 3800 gpm. La dinmica del transmisor y de la
vlvula se puede considerar despreciable.
Tambin se puede suponer que la densidad de todas las corrientes es similar:
Valores de estado estacionario
Corriente
Flujo, gpm
1900
1000
2400
15
3400
500
3900
500
0.4088
0.8000
0.4718
0.9000
Tanque I
Estado inestable de Balance de masas - A
3
() 3 ()3 () =
(1)
(2)
Tanque II
Estado inestable de equilibrio de masa
3 ()3 () + 2 2 () 4 ()4 =
4 ()
(3)
(4)
Tanque III
Estado inestable de equilibrio de masa-A
4 ()4 () + 3 3 6 ()6 () =
6 ()
(5)
(6)
De la ecuacin 2
3 () = 5 + 1 ()
Reemplazando en 1:
5 5 () 5 3 () 1 ()3 () =
3 ()
(7)
De 4:
4 () = 3 () + 2
4 () = 5 + 1 () + 2
Reemplazando en 3:
16
(8)
De 6
6 () = 4 () + 3
6 = 5 + 1 () + 2 + 3
Reemplazando 5
5 4 () + 1 ()4 () + 2 4 () + 7 7 5 6 () 1 ()6 () 2 6 () 7 6 () =
Linealizar trminos no lineales:
1 ()3 () 1 3 + 1 3 () + 3 1 ()
Donde:
3 () = 3 () 3
1 () = 1 () 1
1 ()4 () 1 4 + 1 4 () + 4 1 ()
6
(9)
(10)
(11)
Donde:
4 () = 4 () 4
1 ()6 () 1 6 + 1 6 () + 6 1 ()
(12)
Donde:
6 () = 6 () 6
Reemplazando 10 en 7:
5 5 () 5 3 () 1 3 1 3 () 3 1 () =
3 ()
(13)
Escribir una constante. Estado de balance de masa alrededor del tanque 1, restando que a
partir del 13 y reordenando
3 ()
1
+ 3 () = 1 5 () 2 1 ()
1
[ () 2 1 ()]
3 () =
(14)
1 + 1 1 5
Donde:
7000
=
= 2.9187
5 + 1 (500 + 1900)
5
500
1 =
=
= 0.2083
(500 + 1900)
5 + 1
3
0.167
3 =
=
= 6.96 105 ()1
(500 + 1900)
5 + 1
1 =
Reemplazando 10 y 11 en la ecuacin 8:
5 3 () + 1 3 + 1 3 () + 3 1 () + 2 2 () 5 4 () 1 4 1 4 () 4 1 () 2 4 () =
4 ()
(15)
17
1
[ () + 4 2 () 5 1 ()]
4 () =
2 + 1 3 3
2
(16)
Donde:
7000
=
= 2.0588
(500
+ 1900 + 1000)
5 + 1 + 2
5 + 1
2400
3 =
=
= 0.7059
3400
5 + 1 + 2
2
1000
4 =
=
= 0.2941
3400
5 + 1 + 2
4 + 3
0.409 0.167
5 =
=
= 7.11 105 ()1
3400
5 + 1 + 2
2 =
Reemplazando 11 + 12 en la ecuacin 9:
5 4 () + 1 4 + 1 4 () + 4 1 () + 2 4 () + 7 7 5 6 () 2 6 () 1 6 1 6 () 6 1 () 7 6 () =
Escribir una constante. Estado de equilibrio de masas en torno a un Componente tank3,
restando que a partir de (13) reordenando
6 ()
3
+ 6 () = 6 4 () 7 1 ()
1
[ () 7 1 ()]
6 () =
(18)
3 + 1 6 4
Donde:
7000
3 =
=
= 1.7948
1 ()
(1 + 1)(2 + 1)(3 + 1)
Las tres funciones de transferencia deseada se pueden obtener a partir del 20:
8 = 5 + 2 3
6 () =
(20)
18
5
8
Ejercicio N5
Sistemas dinmicos de Primer Orden
1. Funcin Escaln
Dada la funcin siguiente:
() = (). () 1.1
Evaluamos las funciones:
1
1
() = ( ) (
) 1.2
+ 1
Descomponemos en fracciones parciales:
() =
= +
1.3
()( + 1) + 1
1 = ( + ) + 1.6
Dnde:
=1
+ = 0 =
Entonces obtenemos:
19
1
1
=
1.7
()( + 1) + 1
() = 1 {()} = 1 { } 1 {
} 1.8
+ 1
() = 1 () 1.10
Dnde: = 0.1
t/
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
y(t)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
0
0.09516258
0.18126925
0.25918178
0.32967995
0.39346934
0.45118836
0.5034147
0.55067104
0.59343034
0.63212056
0.66712892
0.69880579
0.72746821
0.75340304
0.77686984
0.79810348
0.81731648
0.83470111
0.85043138
0.86466472
0.87754357
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.3
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
0.88919684
0.89974116
0.90928205
0.917915
0.92572642
0.93279449
0.93918994
0.94497678
0.95021293
0.9549508
0.9592378
0.96311683
0.96662673
0.96980262
0.97267628
0.97527647
0.97762923
0.97975809
0.98168436
0.98342732
0.98500442
0.98643144
0.98772266
0.988891
20
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
0.98994816
0.99090472
0.99177025
0.99255342
0.99326205
0.99390325
0.99448344
0.99500841
0.99548342
0.99591323
0.99630214
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.6
0.61
0.62
0.63
5.7
5.8
5.9
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
0.99665403
0.99697245
0.99726056
0.99752125
0.99775713
0.99797057
0.9981637
0.53, 0.995008406
0, 1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Series1
0.5
S.P
t
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
-0.1
0
6E-16
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.53, 0
0.6
0.7
21
1
1
)(
) 2.2
2 + 1
=
+ + 2.3
( 2 )( + 1) + 1 2
+ 1)
2 ( + ) + ( + ) +
2.4
( 2 )( + 1)
1
2
1
=
+ 2.6
( 2 )( + 1) + 1 2
1
} 1 { } + 1 { 2 } 2.7
+ 1
Donde se obtiene:
() = + . () 2.8
1
t
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
y(t)
y(t)
y(t)
y(t)
y(t)
y(t)
0
0.00483742
0.01873075
0.04081822
0.07032005
0.10653066
0.14881164
0
0.00245885
0.00967484
0.02141595
0.03746151
0.05760157
0.08163644
0
0.0016483
0.00652096
0.01451225
0.02551996
0.03944517
0.05619226
0
0.00099337
0.0039472
0.00882267
0.01558173
0.02418709
0.03460218
0
0.0007109
0.00283013
0.00633771
0.01121396
0.01743946
0.02499507
0
0.0005535
0.00220585
0.0049449
0.00875865
0.01363522
0.01956287
22
0.1965853
0.24932896
0.30656966
0.36787944
0.43287108
0.50119421
0.57253179
0.64659696
0.72313016
0.80189652
0.88268352
0.96529889
1.04956862
1.13533528
1.22245643
1.31080316
1.40025884
1.49071795
1.582085
1.67427358
1.76720551
1.86081006
1.95502322
2.04978707
0.10937618
0.14064009
0.1752563
0.21306132
0.25389962
0.29762327
0.34409155
0.39317061
0.44473311
0.49865793
0.55482986
0.61313932
0.67348205
0.73575888
0.7998755
0.86574217
0.93327354
1.00238842
1.07300959
1.14506359
1.21848052
1.29319393
1.36914058
1.44626032
0.0756687
0.09778502
0.12245466
0.14959393
0.17912186
0.21096014
0.24503302
0.28126726
0.31959198
0.35993866
0.40224101
0.44643491
0.49245835
0.54025136
0.58975591
0.6409159
0.69367706
0.74798689
0.80379463
0.86105115
0.91970898
0.97972216
1.04104627
1.10363832
0.04679118
0.06071894
0.07635106
0.09365377
0.11259399
0.13313931
0.15525793
0.17891871
0.2040911
0.23074519
0.25885161
0.28838163
0.31930705
0.35160023
0.3852341
0.42018211
0.45641823
0.49391696
0.5326533
0.57260274
0.61374126
0.65604532
0.69949183
0.74405818
0.03386193
0.04402143
0.05545525
0.0681453
0.08207377
0.09722309
0.11357595
0.13111527
0.14982423
0.16968623
0.19068492
0.21280418
0.23602812
0.26034105
0.28572754
0.31217237
0.33966051
0.36817717
0.39770776
0.4282379
0.45975342
0.49224032
0.52568485
0.5600734
0.02652997
0.03452506
0.04353676
0.05355385
0.06456522
0.07655987
0.08952695
0.10345571
0.11833552
0.13415588
0.15090639
0.16857678
0.18715687
0.20663663
0.2270061
0.24825545
0.27037498
0.29335505
0.31718616
0.3418589
0.36736399
0.39369221
0.42083448
0.4487818
Cuando =
23
y(t)
1.5
1
tao=1
0.5
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Cuando =
24
1.4
1.2
y(t)
1
0.8
tao=2
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Cuando =
1.2
y(t)
0.8
0.6
tao=3
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Cuando =
Control e Instrumentacin de Procesos Qumicos
25
y(t)
0.5
0.4
tao=5
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Cuando =
0.6
0.5
y(t)
0.4
0.3
tao=7
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Cuando =
Control e Instrumentacin de Procesos Qumicos
26
y(t)
0.3
0.25
0.2
tao=9
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Evaluacin de :
1.5
tao=1
y(t)
tao=2
tao=3
tao=5
tao=7
tao=9
0.5
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
27
2 4
3.3
2
2 4
+
2
2
1 =
2 4
2
2
1 1 2
3.4
( 1 )( 2 )
1
( + )] 3.5
[1 +
1 1 2
1
( 1 + 1 2 )]
[1 +
1 2
1 2 2
+
2 4 (
() = {1 +
[(
) 2
2
2
2
4
2 4
)
2
2 4
)
2
2 4 (
+ [( +
) 2
2
2
]]}
Simplificando la ecuacin:
28
( +
1
() = 1 + (
1) 2
2
2 4
[
(
() = 1 + 0.5 (1
[
2 4
2 4
)
2
+ ((
+ 1)
2 4
2 4
(
)
2
2
)
)]
2 4
)
2
2
((1 +
2 4
2 4
+
)
2
2
)
)]
() = 1 0.5 ((1 +
[
2 4
2 4
+
)
2
2
+ (1
2 4
2 4
)
2
2
)
)]
() = 1 0.5 (
)
2
((1 +
2 4
2 4
(
)
2
+ (1
2 4
2 4
)
2
)
)]
t
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
y(t)
-1.83262
-1.43806
-1.09846
-0.80616
-0.55458
-0.33804
-0.15166
0.008758
0.14683
0.26567
0.367956
0.455995
0.531771
0.596991
0.653127
y(t)
-3.16117
-2.40688
-1.78932
-1.2837
-0.86974
-0.53081
-0.25332
-0.02613
0.159874
0.312163
0.436846
0.538929
0.622507
0.690935
0.746959
y(t)
-5.33899
-3.93681
-2.84479
-1.99433
-1.33198
-0.81615
-0.41442
-0.10155
0.142111
0.331876
0.479664
0.594762
0.6844
0.754211
0.808579
y(t)
-8.94122
-6.36464
-4.45586
-3.0418
-1.99424
-1.21819
-0.64327
-0.21737
0.098153
0.331895
0.505056
0.633336
0.728369
0.798771
0.850926
29
0.701444
0.74303
0.778824
0.809632
0.836149
0.858972
0.878616
0.895524
0.910077
0.922602
0.933383
0.942662
0.950649
0.957523
0.96344
0.968532
0.972916
0.976688
0.979935
0.98273
0.985136
0.987206
0.988988
0.990522
0.991842
0.992979
0.993957
0.994798
0.995523
0.996147
0.996683
0.997145
0.792827
0.830381
0.861128
0.886301
0.906911
0.923785
0.937601
0.948912
0.958173
0.965755
0.971962
0.977045
0.981206
0.984613
0.987402
0.989685
0.991555
0.993086
0.994339
0.995365
0.996206
0.996893
0.997456
0.997918
0.998295
0.998604
0.998857
0.999064
0.999234
0.999373
0.999486
0.99958
0.850921
0.883897
0.909579
0.92958
0.945157
0.957288
0.966736
0.974094
0.979824
0.984287
0.987763
0.99047
0.992578
0.99422
0.995498
0.996494
0.99727
0.997874
0.998344
0.99871
0.998996
0.999218
0.999391
0.999526
0.99963
0.999712
0.999776
0.999825
0.999864
0.999894
0.999918
0.999936
0.889563
0.918186
0.939391
0.9551
0.966737
0.975358
0.981745
0.986476
0.989981
0.992578
0.994502
0.995927
0.996982
0.997765
0.998344
0.998773
0.999091
0.999327
0.999501
0.99963
0.999726
0.999797
0.99985
0.999889
0.999918
0.999939
0.999955
0.999966
0.999975
0.999982
0.999986
0.99999
Cuando =
Control e Instrumentacin de Procesos Qumicos
30
y(t)
5
tao=3
y(t)
Cuando =
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2 0
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6
-1.8
-2
-2.2
-2.4
-2.6
-2.8
-3
-3.2
-3.4
tao=4
Cuando =
31
y(t)
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4 0
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6
-1.8
-2
-2.2
-2.4
-2.6
-2.8
-3
-3.2
-3.4
-3.6
-3.8
-4
-4.2
-4.4
-4.6
-4.8
-5
-5.2
-5.4
-5.6
-5.8
tao=5
y(t)
Cuando =
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
0
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6
-1.8
-2
-2.2
-2.4
-2.6
-2.8
-3
-3.2
-3.4
-3.6
-3.8
-4
-4.2
-4.4
-4.6
-4.8
-5
-5.2
-5.4
-5.6
-5.8
-6
-6.2
-6.4
-6.6
-6.8
-7
-7.2
-7.4
-7.6
-7.8
-8
-8.2
-8.4
-8.6
-8.8
-9
-9.2
-9.4
-9.6
tao=6
32
Evaluacion de :
1.2
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
-0.8
-2.8
y(t)
tao=3
tao=4
-4.8
tao=5
tao=6
-6.8
-8.8
-10.8