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RESUMEN MBITO DE INGLS.

GRAMMAR

Los adjetivos comparativos y superlativos en ingls se utilizan para comparar varios sujetos atendiendo a una caracterstica. Los adjetivos se miden en varios grados, que son:

Grado positivo: Inteligente intelligent

Grado comparativo:

de igualdad: tan inteligente como as intelligent as

de superioridad: ms inteligente que more intelligent than

de inferioridad: menos inteligente que less intelligent than

Grado superlativo: el ms inteligente the most intelligent

As pues, vemos que los adjetivos comparativos y superlativos en ingls por regla general se construyen con: as as, more than, less than, y the most, pero esto no siempre es as.

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El comparativo de superioridad y el superlativo siguen reglas distintas en ocasiones especiales. Veamos una tabla con todos los casos posibles:
Adjetivo

Comparativo de superioridad

Superlativo

Intelligent

more intelligent than

the most intelligent

Beautiful

more beautiful than

the most beautiful

Fast

faster than

Adjetivos con ms de 1 slaba

Adjetivos de 1 slaba
Tall

taller than
He is taller than you

the fastest

Slow

slower than

the slowest

er, le, ow

Easy

easier than

the easiest

better than
You are better than him

the best

Bad

worse than

Far

farther / further than

Old

older / elder than

Little

less than

the least

Many / Much

more than

the most

Adjetivos irregulares

My car is the fastest ( Mi coche es el ms rpido)

the tallest

Adjetivos terminados en y,

Good

She is the most beautiful woman of the world

the worst
the farthest / furthest
the oldest / eldest

Conviene hacer algunas observaciones en relacin con:

Latter. Significa el segundo de dos.

Last. Es el ltimo, el final.
Latest. Significa ltimo hasta el presente. The latest news (Ultimas noticias, las ms recientes en tanto no se reciban otras).
Farther. Se refiere generalmente a distancia. (Barcelona is farther from London than from Paris) (Barcelona est ms lejos de Londres que de Pars).
Further. Significa adicional. (I will give you further details later.) (Le dar detalles adicionales -ulteriores- ms tarde).
Tambin further puede usarse para distancias, al igual que farther, pero, en cambio, slo further puede utilizarse en sentido adicional.
Much. Se usa en singular. (I have no much time.) (No tengo mucho tiempo).
Many. Se usa en plural. (I have not many pencils.) (No tengo muchos lpices).

Finalmente, si el superlativo se refiere a lugar (complemento de lugar, segn dicen las Gramticas), en ingls se usa la preposicin in. (New York is the biggest town in the U. S. A.)(Nueva York es la
mayor ciudad de los Estados Unidos).

Formas simples
Presente
(yo) voy
(t) vas
(l) va

Indicativo

(nosotros) vamos
(vosotros) vais
(ellos) van

Futuro
(yo) ir
(t) irs
(l) ir
(nosotros) iremos
(vosotros) iris
(ellos) irn

Pretrito perfecto simple

(yo) fui
(nosotros) fuimos
(t) fuiste
(vosotros) fuisteis
(l) fue
(ellos) fueron

Pretrito imperfecto
(yo) iba
(t) ibas
(l) iba
(nosotros) bamos
(vosotros) ibais
(ellos) iban

Condicional
(yo) ira
(t) iras
(l) ira
(nosotros) iramos
(vosotros) irais
(ellos) ira

Formas simples
Subjuntivo
Presente
(yo) vaya
(t) vayas
(l) vaya
(nosotros) vayamos
(vosotros) vayis
(ellos) vayan
Futuro
(yo) fuere
(t) fueres
(l) fuere
(nosotros) furemos
(vosotros) fuereis
(ellos) fueren

Imperativo

Pretrito imperfecto
(yo) fuera o fuese
(t) fueras o fueses
(l) fuera o fuese
(nosotros) furamos o
fusemos
(vosotros) fuerais o fueseis
(ellos) fueran o fuesen

ve (t)
vaya (l, usted)
vayamos (nosotros)
id (vosotros)
vayan (ellos, ustedes)

Infinitivo : ir
Gerundio : yendo
Participio : ido

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Formas compuestas

Indicativo
Pretrito perfecto compuesto
(yo) he ido
(t) has ido
(l) ha ido
(l) hay ido
(nosotros) hemos ido
(vosotros) habis ido
(ellos) han ido

Pretrito pluscuamperfecto
(yo) haba ido
(t) habas ido
(l) haba ido
(nosotros) habamos ido
(vosotros) habais ido
(ellos) haban ido

Futuro perfecto
(yo) habr ido
(t) habrs ido
(l) habr ido
(nosotros) habremos ido
(vosotros) habris ido
(ellos) habrn ido

Condicional perfecto
(yo) habra ido
(t) habras ido
(l) habra ido
(nosotros) habramos ido
(vosotros) habrais ido
(ellos) habran ido

Pretrito anterior
(yo) hube ido
(t) hubiste ido
(l) hubo ido
(nosotros) hubimos ido
(vosotros) hubisteis ido
(ellos) hubieron ido

Subjuntivo
Pretrito perfecto

Pretrito pluscuamperfecto (2)

(yo) hubiese ido
(t) hubieses ido
(l) hubiese ido
(nosotros) hubisemos ido
(vosotros) hubieseis ido
(ellos) hubiesen ido

Pretrito pluscuamperfecto
(yo) hubiera ido
(t) hubieras ido
(l) hubiera ido
(nosotros) hubiramos ido
(vosotros) hubierais ido
(ellos) hubieran ido

Infinitivo compuesto

haber ido

Gerundio compuesto
Futuro perfecto
(yo) hubiere ido
(t) hubieres ido
(l) hubiere ido
(nosotros) hubiremos ido
(vosotros) hubiereis ido
(ellos) hubieren ido

habiendo ido

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Formas simples
Indicative
Present
I go
you go
he/she/it goes
we go
you go
they go

Preterite
I went
you went
he/she/it went
we went
you went
they went

Infinitive

Imperative

to go

go
let's go
go

Participle

Present
going

Past
gone

Formas compuestas
Past Participle
having gone
Indicative

Present continuousPresent perfect

I am going
I have gone
you are going
you have gone
he/she/it is going he/she/it has gone
we are going
we have gone
you are going
you have gone
they are going
they have gone

Future
I will go
you will go
he/she/it will go
we will go
you will go
they will go

Future perfect
I will have gone
you will have gone
he/she/it will have gone
we will have gone
you will have gone
they will have gone

Past continuous Past perfect

I was going
I had gone
you were going
you had gone
he/she/it was goinghe/she/it had gone
we were going
we had gone
you were going
you had gone
they were going
they had gone

Future continuous
Present perfect
continuous
I will be going
you will be going
I have been going
he/she/it will be goingyou have been going
we will be going
he/she/it has been going
you will be going
we have been going
they will be going
you have been going
they have been going

Past perfect continuous

I had been going
you had been going
he/she/it had been going
we had been going
you had been going
they had been going

Future perfect continuous

I will have been going
you will have been going
he/she/it will have been going
we will have been going
you will have been going
they will have been going

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Tambin es importante saber que utilizamos el verbo Be para los siguientes casos:
Para presentarnos. Im David (Yo soy David)
Saludar .Hello. How are you? (Hola. Cmo ests?)
Disculparnos. Im sorry. (Lo siento)
Expresar la profesin. We are lawyers (Somos abogados)
Expresar la nacionalidad. They are Spanish (Ellos son espaoles)
Referirnos a lugares .My dad is in Palencia (Mi padre est en PAlencia)
Describir cosas .Its an old film (Es una pelcula vieja)
Expresar la edad. En espaol corresponde al verbo tener My brother is 10 years old (Mi hermano tiene 10 aos)
Decir cmo nos sentimos. Im very hungry (tengo mucha sed)
Hablar sobre el tiempo que hace .Its very hot today (Hace mucho calor hoy)
Expresar la hora y la fecha. Its six oclock (son las 6 en punto). Its Monday (Es lunes)

Utilizamos HAVE con o sin got en el sentido del verbo espaol tener, para:
Hablar de las cosas que poseemos She has got a house (ella tiene una casa)
Hablar de la familia We have got a sister (nosotros tenemos una hermana)
Describir rasgos fsicos .I have got brown eyes (yo tengo los ojos marrones)
Expresar el malestar fsico .I have got a headache (tengo dolor de cabeza)
Para hablar de comidas, vacaciones y la higiene You have a shower (t te duchas) He has breakfast at seven oclock (el desayuna a las 7)

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Tablas de Conjugacin del verbo en ingls: bring

Infinitive: to bring .

Present: bring

Past Simple: brought.

Past Participle: brought.

Present Simple ( do-does , y aade s o -es al verbo

en las 3 pers. Singular.
Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

I bring.

Do I bring?

I do not bring.

You bring.

Do you bring?

You do not bring.

Gerund: bringing.

Meaning: traer

Present Simple Continuous to be + -ing

Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

I am bringing.

Am I bringing?

I am not bringing.

You are bringing.

Are you bringing?

You are not bringing.

He/She/It brings. Does he/she/it bring? He/She/It does not bring.

He/She/It is bringing. Is he/she/it bringing? He/She/It is not bringing.

We bring.

Do we bring?

We do not bring.

We are bringing.

Are we bringing?

We are not bringing.

You bring.

Do you bring?

You do not bring.

You are bringing.

Are you bringing?

You are not bringing.

They bring.

Do they bring?

They do not bring.

They are bringing.

Are they bringing?

They are not bringing.

Present Perfect Se compone del verbo Haber : Have has ( 3pers.sing )

+ la forma del verbo en participio ( Termina en ed , o en los verbos irregulares
sera la forma verbal de la 3 columna.

Affirmative

Present Perfect Continuous Verbo have has + been + verbo en gerundio ing

Interrogative

Negative

Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

Have I brought?

I have not brought.

I have been bringing. (He

estado trayendo)

Have I been bringing?

I have not been bringing.

Have you brought?

You have not brought.

You have been bringing.

Have you been bringing?

You have not been bringing.

He/She/It has brought. ( ha trado) Has he/she/it brought?

He/She/It has not

brought.

He/She/It has been bringing.

Has he/she/it been bringing?

He/She/It has not been bringing.

We have been bringing.

Have we been bringing?

We have not been bringing.

We have brought.

Have we brought?

We have not brought.

You have brought.

Have you brought?

You have not brought.

You have been bringing.

Have you been bringing?

You have not been bringing.

They have brought.

Have they brought?

They have not brought.

They have been bringing.

Have they been bringing?

They have not been bringing.

I have brought. ( He trado)

You have brought. (has trado)

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Past Simple Pasado del presente simple : El auxiliar es did para todas las presonas.
El pasado de un verbo se hace con la terminacin ed ( verbos regulares ) ,
o la 3columna verbos irregulares.

Past Continuous Es el pasado del presente continuo. Verbo to be en pasado : was- were + verbo
en gerundio ing.

Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

Did I bring?

I did not bring.

I was bringing.

Was I bringing?

I was not bringing.

You brought.

Did you bring?

You did not bring.

You were bringing.

Were you bringing?

He/She/It brought.

Did he/she/it bring?

He/She/It did not bring.

He/She/It was bringing.

Was he/she/it bringing?

You were not bringing.

He/She/It was not
bringing.

We brought.

Did we bring?

We did not bring.

We were bringing.

Were we bringing?

We were not bringing.

You brought.

Did you bring?

You did not bring.

You were bringing.

Were you bringing?

You were not bringing.

They brought.

Did they bring?

They did not bring.

They were bringing.

Were they bringing?

They were not bringing.

I brought.

Past Perfect Es el pasado del presente perfecto. Had ( forma pasada de have) + participio
(verbo terminado en ed , o los irregulares la 3columna )
Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

Past Perfect Continuous. Pasado del presente perfecto continuo: Se forma con had been + verbo en
gerundio ing.
Affirmative

Interrogative

I had brought. ( Haba

trado)

Had I brought?

I had not brought.

I had been bringing.

(haba estado trayendo)

You had brought.

Had you brought?

You had not brought.

You had been bringing.

Had you been bringing?

He/She/It had brought.

Had he/she/it brought?

He/She/It had not brought.

He/She/It had been bringing.

We had brought.

Had we brought?

We had not brought.

Had he/she/it been

bringing?

We had been bringing.

Had we been bringing?

You had brought.

Had you brought?

You had not brought.

You had been bringing.

Had you been bringing?

They had brought.

Had they brought?

They had not brought.

They had been bringing.

Had they been bringing?

Future Simple Se forma con will para todas las personas + el verbo en infinitivo sin to.

Had I been bringing?

Negative
I had not been bringing.
You had not been bringing.
He/She/It had not been
bringing.
We had not been bringing.
You had not been bringing.
They had not been
bringing.

Future Perfect : Se forma con will+ presente perfecto

Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

Affirmative

I will bring.(Traer)

Will I bring?

I will not bring.

I will have brought.

You will bring.

Will you bring?

You will not bring.

He/She/It will bring.

Will he/she/it bring?

We will bring.

Interrogative

Negative

Will I have brought?

I will not have brought.

You will have brought.

Will you have brought?

You will not have brought.

He/She/It will not bring.

He/She/It will have brought.

Will he/she/it have

brought?

He/She/It will not have

brought.

Will we bring?

We will not bring.

We will have brought.

Will we have brought?

We will not have brought.

You will bring.

Will you bring?

You will not bring.

You will have brought.

Will you have brought?

You will not have brought.

They will bring.

Will they bring?

They will not bring.

They will have brought.

Will they have brought?

They will not have brought.

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Conditional : Se forma con el pasado de will : would + infinitivo sin to.

Conditional Perfect : Se forma con would + have+participio (-ed , los verbos regulares,3columna
los irregulares).

Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

Affirmative

Interrogative

Negative

I would bring.(Traera)

Would I bring?

I would not bring.

I would have brought.

Would I have brought?

I would not have brought.

You would bring.

Would you bring?

You would not bring.

You would have brought.

Would you have brought?

You would not have brought.

He/She/It would bring.

Would he/she/it bring?

He/She/It would not bring.

He/She/It would have brought.

Would he/she/it have

brought?

He/She/It would not have

brought.

We would bring.

Would we bring?

We would not bring.

We would have brought.

Would we have brought?

We would not have brought.

You would bring.

Would you bring?

You would not bring.

You would have brought.

Would you have brought?

You would not have brought.

They would bring.

Would they bring?

They would not bring.

They would have brought.

Would they have brought?

They would not have brought.

Shape - Forma

Size/Measure -Tamao/Medida

Age/Time -Edad/Tiempo

Weather - Tiempo (clima)

Temperature - Temperatura

square - cuadrado
round - redondo
curved) - curvo
big - grande
high - elevado
old - viejo
quick - rpido
rainy - lluvioso
foggy - con niebla
freezing - helado
rectangular crooked) large - grande
low - bajo
young - joven
slow - lento
stormy overcast - nublado chilly - fro
rectangular
torcido
huge - enorme
tall - alto
new - nuevo
senior - mayor
tormentoso
cloudy - nuboso
cold - fro
triangular - triangular
broad - ancho
small - pequeo
short - corto, bajo
modern - moderno
junior - ms joven
sunny - soleado
clear - despejado
cool - fresco
oval - oval
narrow -angosto
tiny - diminuto
long - largo
ancient - antiguo
current - actual
windy - ventoso
mild - templado
lukewarm - tibio
conical - cnico
flat - plano
heavy - pesado
medium - medio
old fashioned past - pasado
snowy - con nieve
chilly - fro
boiling - hirviendo
spherical - esfrico
steep light - liviano
narrow - angosto
anticuado
future - futuro
damp - hmedo
icy - con hielo
muggy - caluroso
cubical - cbico
empinado
thick - grueso
deep - profundo
updated -actualizado
fast - rpido
dry - seco
hot - caluroso
straight -recto
hollow - hueco
thin - delgado
shallow - playo
outdatedwarm - clido
cylindrical - cilndrico
solid- slido
wide - ancho
broad - ancho
desactualizado
pleasant - agradable
Personality (positive) - Personalidad (positivo)
Personality (negative) - Personalidad (negativo)
ambitious- ambicioso
tolerant - tolerante
courageous - valiente
disciplined - disciplinado
dishonest - deshonesto
lazy- haragn
possesive - posesivo
gullible - ingenuo
modest - modesto
patient - paciente
intelligent - inteligente
sympathetic - comprensivo pessimistic- pesimista
greedy - codicioso
conceited - engredo
stubborn - terco
sensible - sensato
honest - honesto
generous - generoso
considerate considerado
miserly- avaro
resentful - resentido
arrogant - arrogante
careless - negligente
friendly - amistoso
optimistic- optimista
humorous - divertido
responsible - responsable
coward (- cobarde
envious - envidioso
fussy - quisquilloso
selfish - egosta
practical - prctico
sincere - sincero
jealous - celoso
impatient - impaciente