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Puente de Losa Sobre Vigas de Concreto1
Puente de Losa Sobre Vigas de Concreto1
FACULTAD DE INGENIERA
ESCUELA DE CIVIL
DEPARTAMENTO DE ESTRUCTURAS
PUENTES
PUENTE DE LOSA
SOBRE VIGAS DE CONCRETO
Alumnos:
Orellana Eleazar
Ramrez Jean
Sosa Alberto
Docente:
Fernando Sarmiento
Mrida, Mayo del 2003.
Nmero de vigas
At =(n-1) S +2 V
2.5 S 3.5
0.25 S V 0.35 S
No Cumple
Suponemos 4 vigas
11 = (4-1) S + 2 V
S = 3.05 m
S = 3.00 m
V = 1.00 m
Dimensiones de la viga
hv
1.35
=
= 0.45 m
3
3
O.K.
Como L = 19 m > 12 m
hs 1.0
=
= 0.33 0.35 m
3
3
S + 3.05
0.165
30
eL =
2.55 + 3.05
= 0.19 m > 0.165 m
30
Anlisis de carga
CARGAS PERMANENTES POR METRO
2.25 Pd Lc
+ 0.71 4.27 Pd
Mmx mx =
L
2
Pd = P x FNV x FR x (1+I)
Factor de Rueda
FR = S/1.83 para S 3.05 m puentes de ms de 1 trocha
FR = 3/1.83 = 1.64
Factor de Impacto
I=
15
0.30
Lc + 38
I=
15
= 0.26
19 .25 + 38
Mmx mximorum =
19 .25
2
Mu 1.3
5
5
1 .3
=
Mcp + Mcv =
140548 + 147845 = 558937 kg-m
0. 9
3
3
0. 9
S = 3.0 m
Be
Lc/4 = 4.81
Bw + 12 eL = 0.45+12 x 0.19 =2.73
Be = 2.73 m
AsVi = 111 cm2
VIGA EXTERNA
CARGAS PERMANENTES
- Peso Propio de la viga = ................(1.35-0.19) x 0.45 x 2400 kg/m3 = 1253 kg/m.
- Reaccin de la viga = . ..................................................................... = 2767 kg/m.
- Peso propio separador = .........(1.0-0.19) x 0.35 x 2400 kg/m3 /2 = 867.5 Kg.
FR = Y1+ Y2
1
Y1
=
3.0 2.99
Y1 = 0.997
1
Y2
=
3.0 1.16
Y2 = 0.387
FR = 0.997+0.387 =1.38
I = 0.26
Camin HS-20
2
Mmx mx =
2.25 Pd Lc
+ 0.71 4.27 Pd
L
2
Pd = P x FNV x FR x (1+I)
Pd = 7258 x 1.20 x 1.38 x (1+0.26) = 15145 kg
2
Mmx mximorum
=
19 .25
2
Mu 1.3
5
5
1 .3
=
Mcp + Mcv =
190382 + 124410 = 574503 kg-m
0.9
3
3
0.9
Be = 2.37 m
AsVe = 114.6 cm2
As max As min
< 10 %
As min
114 .6 111
= 3.28 %
111
DISEO DE LA LOSA
CARGAS PERMANENTES
S = Luz Libre
S = 3 2x 0.45/2 = 2.55 m
2.55 + 0.60
Mcv =
x7258 = 1876
9.75
kg-m
VOLADO DE LA LOSA
CASO I (CARGA DE IMPACTO)
O.K.
Brazo = 0.81+
eLosa
0.19
+ epav = 0.81+
+ 0.05 = 0.96 m
2
2
X = 1 - 0.16 -
0.45
= 0.615 m
2
Mcv =
4332
4332
=
= 2149 kg-m
E
2.016
Mcv =
545
545
=
= 453 kg-m
E
1.203
X
.375 m
= 294 kg/m x .375 m x
= 20.67 kg-m
2
2
VOLADO
r = 3 cm + /2
d = eL (3 + /2)
Usando 1/2 = 1.27 cm
r = 3 + 1.27/2 = 3.64 cm
d = 15.36 cm
Usando 5/8 = 1.59 cm
r = 3 + 1.59/2 = 3.8 cm
d = 15.20 cm
Mu 1.3
5
5
1.3
=
Mcp + Mcv =
963 + 2149 x1.2 = 7600 kg-m
0. 9
3
0
.
9
3
1/2
S=
5/8
S=
1.27 x100
=9.70 cm
13 .09
1.98 x100
=14.92 cm
13 .27
Tramos Interiores
(Acero Negativo)
Mcv = 1875 kg-m
FI = 0.26
Mu 1.3
5
5
1.3
=
Mcp + Mcv =
355 + 1875 x1.2 x1.26 = 7338 kg-m
0.9
3
3
0. 9
Usando = 1.27 cm
r = 3 + 1.27/2 = 3.64 cm
d = 15.36 cm
As- = 12.62 cm2/m
S=
1.27 x100
=10.06 cm
12 .62
1.27 x100
=15.53 cm
12 .75
Usar 5/8 @ 15 cm
Volado 5/8 @ 15 cm
198
= 13 .2 cm2/m
15
1.27 x100
= 1014 cm
0.07
(Acero Positivo)
Mu 1.3
5
5
1.3
=
Mcp + Mcv =
315 + 1875 x1.2 x1.26 = 7280 kg-m
0.9
3
3
0. 9
Usando = 1.27 cm
r = 3 + 1.27/2 = 3.64 cm
d = 15.36 cm
As- = 12.48 cm2/m
S=
1.27 x100
=10.18 cm
12 .48
1.27 x100
=15.66 cm
12 .64
Usar 5/8 @ 15 cm
0.71x100
=18 cm
3 .8
Usar 3/8 @ 18 cm
Acero de Reparticin
Longitudinal Inferior
% As rep =
% As rep =
121
S
< 67 %
121
2.55
= 75.77% > 67 %
1.27 x100
= 15 cm
8.47
Usar 1/2 @ 15 cm
CARGAS PERMANENTES
- Peso Propio de la viga = ................(1.35-0.19) x 0.45 x 2400 kg/m3 = 1253 kg/m.
- Reaccin de la viga = . ..................................................................... = 2764 kg/m.
- Peso propio separador = ..........(1.0-0.19) x 0.35 x 2400 kg/m3 /2 = 867.5 Kg.
Fuerza Cortante
Vcr = 38693 4020 X
Vsep =
434 de 0 a L/2
-434 de L/2 a L
Momento Flector
Mcr = 38693 X -
Msep = 434 X
4020
X2
2
de 0 a L/2
434 X 868(X-9.625)
de L/2 a L
CARGA VIVA
HS 20 + 20%
Fuerza cortante
V(x)I =
2.25 P
(L X 2.85 )
L
V(x)II =
2P
(L X 2.135 )
L
L 8.54 X L 4.27
V(x)III =
P
(L X)
L
Momento (Envolvente)
M(x) =
2.25 P
(L X 2.85 ) X
L
M(x) =
2.25 P
P
(L X 1.42 )X x 4.27
L
4
Mu
= 572800 kg m
119 .59
= 24 1
5.08
N .C. =
CHEQUEO:
Y=
= 14 .16cm
N .C. =
118 .67
= 23.36 = 24 1
5.08
14
14
.b.d =
* 35 * 120 = 14cm2 3 1"
Fy
4200
Ld =
30 cm
Por lo tanto Ld = 88 cm
% de As Solapado = 50%
As provisto
As requerido
1.15 m
= 1.02
T ( d a / 2)
= 411700 kg.m
100
T ( d a / 2)
= 411700 kg.m
100
La 12 .db = 30 .48 cm
La d = 122 cm
La Lc / 16 = 120 cm
Peso de tablero:
Barandas.................2*770*19.50
= 30030 kg
Pavimento...............0.05*19.5*(11-0.8-1.20)*2400 = 21060 kg
Acera.......................0.18*19.50*1.20*2400
= 10109 kg
Losa.........................0.19*19.50*11*2500
=101888 kg
Vigas........................4*0.45*1.16*19.50*2400
=97719 kg
Separadores............9*0.35*0.81*2.55*2400
=15616 kg
276422 kg
para 4 vigas= 34553 kg/viga
Westribo = 276422/2 = 138211 kg
para 3 sep. = 46071 kg/Gato
fc = 210 kg/cm2
fy = 4200 kg/cm2
d = 100-10.4 = 89.6 cm
b = 35 cm
Mu
1.3
=
69105 = 99819 .kg.m
0. 9
5 1 + 2 3/8
Calculo de los Estribos:
Vu 1.3 * 34553
=
= 49910 .kg
0.85
Vc = 0.53*210*35*89.6 = 24086 kg
Vs = 49910 24086 = 25824 kg
Tomando estribos de 2 ramas de 3/8, tenemos:
Ar = 1.42 cm2
Sep =
Ar .fy.d
= 20 .69 .cm
Vs
Caso 2
Caso 3
Casos Asimtricos
Caso 1
Caso 2
CASOS SIMTRICOS
Vmax =P
Mmax+ = 2.95 P
Mmax- = 1.15 P
CASOS SIMTRICOS
Vmax =P
Mmax+ = 2.95 P
Mmax- = 1.15 P
FACTOR LONGITUDINAL.-
Fl = (1+0.556+0.556/4)*P = 1.695 P
Factor de impacto = Fi = 0.30
FNV = 1.20
Cargas Permanentes:
W=
PPseparador
S
=
* 417 + ( 2.95 * 7258 * 1.2 * 1.3 * 1.695 ) = 136899 .kg * m
0. 9
3
rec. = 12 cm
d = 88 cm
1.3
5
rec. = 7.86 cm
d = 100-7.86 = 92.14 cm
=
* 1043 + (1.82 * 7258 * 1.20 * 1.3 * 1.695 ) = 90630 .kg
0.85
3
Vu
Vc = 0.53*210*35*92.14 = 24769 kg
Vs = 90630 24769 = 65861 kg
Tomando estribos de 3 ramas de 1/2, tenemos:
Ar = 3.81 cm2
Sep =
Ar . fy .d
= 22 .39 .cm
Vs
Lc = 19.25 m ; H =
1
1
Lc = * 19 .25 H = 6.42 .mts
3
3
; At = 11 mts ;
Reaccin de vigas :
Rcm = 39127 Kg
Rcm sobre muro =
Rcv(sin impacto) =
39127 * 4
= 14228 . Kg / m.de .muro
11
2.25 Pd
( Lc 2.85 )
Lc
Pd = 7258*1.2*1.38 Pd = 12019.30 kg
Rcv =
SUELO:
adm. = 2.5 Kg/cm2 = 25 Tn/m2
= 32o
Zona Sismica 3
Ao = 0.3 g
Csh = 0.5*Ao
Csh = 0.15
Csv= 2*Csh/3 Csv= 0.10
Donde:
Csh : coefic. Sismico horizontal
Csv : coefic. Sismico vertical
H :altura prom. De la pila
N: dimensin del asiento de apoyo
N= 40 + Lc/4 + 1.0 H
N = 40 +19.25/4 = 45 cm
1.5
Empuje de Tierras:
1 Sen
Cos 2 ( )
= arctg
sen ( + ) sen ( i )
cos( + + ) cos( i )
Csh
= 9.46 o
(1 Csv )
Kas = 0.415
1
1
.H .Ka Ea = * 1.8 * 6.42 2 0.307 Ea = 11 .39 .Tn / m
2
2
. EDa
w=
= 2.32 T .m / m
0.06 * Lc
0.06 * 19 .25
Wl =
= 0.105 .T / m
ATABLERO
11
SISMO EN LA SUPERESTRUCTURA.
Peso tablero = 276422 Kg
=136711 .kg
20506 .65
= 1864 .2.kg / m = 1.86 .Tn / m
11
= 1.86 * (6.42 1.38 ) Ms S . e. = 9.37 .Tn .m / m
Ws s . e = 0.15 * 136711 =
Ms S . e.
MURO:
Figura
Peso (Tn/m)
XA mts
Momento est. MA
(t.m/m)
CONCRETO
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
4.752
0.830
0.353
0.432
0.893
6.912
1.725
2.013
2.15
2.25
2.10
2.25
8.197
1.671
0.759
0.972
1.875
15.552
2.077
2.29
2.40
3.32
2.042
2.617
1.608
71.148
TIERRA
P7
P8
P9
P10
0.983
1.143
0.670
21.43
CONCRETO
= 14 .172 .Tn / m
Wsismo
MURO
Msismo
MURO
F .S . DESLIZAMIE
NTO
106 .44
= 4.37 > 2.5
24 .38
38 .40 * 0.5
=
=1.69 >1.5
11 .39
M .est . M .vol .
106 .44 24 .38
a =
= 2.137 .m
F .estab .
38 .40
P
( 4l 6a )
L2
P
= 2 ( 6a 2 L )
L
max . =
min
38.40
( 4 * 4.5 6 * 2.137 ) = 9.82.t / m 2 < adm . = 25.t / m 2
4.5 2
38 .40
=
(6 * 2.137 2 * 4.5) = 7.25 .t / m 2 < adm = 25 .t / m 2
2
4.5
max . =
min .
F .S . DESLIZAMIE
NTO
M .est . M .vol .
106 .44 + 24 .54 + 14 .45 24 .38
a =
= 1.984 .m
F .estab .
38 .40 + 14 .23 + 8.378
P
( 4l 6a )
L2
P
= 2 ( 6a 2 L )
L
max . =
min
61.008
( 4 * 4.5 6 * 1.984 ) = 18.37.t / m 2 < adm . = 25.t / m 2
2
4.5
61 .008
=
(6 * 1.984 2 * 4.5) = 8.75 .t / m 2 < adm = 25 .t / m 2
2
4.5
max . =
min .
F .S .VOLCAMIENT
F .S . DESLIZAMIE
NTO
M .est . M .vol .
24 .54 + 106 .44 24 .38 2.32
a =
= 1.981 .m
F .estab .
14 .228 + 38 .40
L
L
4.5
L
a e =
1.981 = 0.269 < = 0.75
2
6
2
6
P
max . = 2 ( 4l 6a )
L
P
min = 2 ( 6a 2 L )
L
e=
52 .63
( 4 * 4.5 6 * 1.981 ) = 15 .91 .t / m 2 < adm . * 1.25 = 31 .25 .t / m 2
4 .5 2
52 .63
=
(6 * 1.981 2 * 4.5) = 7.49 .t / m 2 < adm * 1.25 = 31 .25 .t / m 2
4.5 2
max . =
min .
L+I,CF,E,B,SF,0.3W,Wl,LF
Esfuerzo 125%
Estabilidad:
F .S .VOLCAMIENT
F .S . DESLIZAMIE
NTO
0.4
57 .52
( 4 * 4.5 6 * 2.043 ) = 16.31 .t / m 2 < adm . * 1.25 = 31.25.t / m 2
2
4.5
57 .52
=
(6 * 2.043 2 * 4.5) = 9.25 .t / m 2 < adm * 1.25 = 31 .25 .t / m 2
2
4 .5
max . =
min .
Grupo 4 =1.0 ; D,
E,B,SF, EQ: Sismo superestructura
Esfuerzo 133%
Sismo Muro
Estabilidad:
F .S .VOLCAMIENT
F .S . DESLIZAMIE
NTO
49 .19
( 4 * 4.5 6 * 1.586 ) = 20 .61.t / m 2 < adm . * 1.33 = 33.25 .t / m 2
4.5 2
49 .19
=
(6 * 1.586 2 * 4.5) = 1.253 .t / m 2 < adm * 1.33 = 33 .25 .t / m 2
2
4.5
max . =
min .
Por lo tanto cumple por esfuerzo sobre el terreno, pero falla por Estabilidad
por lo que se requiere la Utilizacin de un Dentellon.
Mu = 1.3*(1.3*17.78+12.52+8.184+2.93)
M u 6 0.7 7
=
= 6 7.5 3.t n.m / m
0.9 0
b = 1 0 .0c m
@ 9 cm
Vu = 1.3*(1.*9.23+3.25+1.86+7.26) = 31.68 tn/m
Mu = 60.77 tn.m/m
Vu
31 .68
= 37 .27 .tn / m
0.85
Vu
37271
=
= 6.54 < 0.53 *
.b.d 100 * 57
210 = 7.68
MURO 1
Mu = 1.3*(1.3*4.22+2.98+4.092+1.36)
Mu = 18.09 tn.m/m
M u 1 8.0 9
=
= 2 0.1 0.t n.m / m
0.9 0
b = 1 0 .0c m
d = 4 5.5.c m. (r e .c= 7c m)
2
. A s= 1 0.8 2.c m / m
f ' c = 2 1 .0k g/ c m2
F y= 4 2 0.k0g/ c m2
As min =
14
14
.b.d =
* 100 * 45 .5 As min . = 15 .17 cm 2 / m
Fy
4200
@ 18 cm
19 .46
= 22 .90 .tn / m
0.85
Vu
22898
=
= 5.03 < 0.53 *
.b.d 100 * 45 .5
210 = 7.68
1/2 @ 12 cm
As. Vertical.As.vertical = 0.0012*b*t
As.vertical = 0.0012*100*55 = 6.6 cm2/m
1/2 @ 19 cm
Acero de la Puntera:
puntera =
6.45 * 1.5 2
1.50
1.50
* .1.50 + 14 .16 * 1.50 *
0.64 * 1.50 * 2.4 *
. M = 19 .04 .tn.m
2
3
2
2
Mu 1.69 * 19040
=
= 35752 .89 .kg .m
0.90
M=
d = 64 7 = 57 .cm
2
r = 7.cm
As = 15 .43 .cm / m
f ' c = 210 .kg / cm 2
Fy = 4200 .kg / cm 2
b = 100 .cm
14
* 100 * 57 = 19 .cm 2 / m
4200
Como . As < As min , Entonces :
As min =
Aspuntera = 19 cm2/m
3/4 @ 14 cm
V =
19 .357 * 2.36
= 11 .41 .tn / m 2
4.5
M = 22 .57 * 1.18 +
0.6 * 2.36 2 * 2.4 1.253 * 2.36 2 (11 .41 1.253 ) * 2.36 2.36
*
. M = 17 .72 .tn.m
2
2
2
3
Mu 1.69 * 17720
=
= 33275 .kg .m
0.90
d = 64 7 = 57 .cm
2
r = 7.cm
As = 14 .32 .cm / m
f ' c = 210 .kg / cm 2
Fy = 4200 .kg / cm 2
b = 100 .cm
14
* 100 * 57 = 19 .cm 2 / m
4200
Como . As < As min , Entonces :
As min =
Aspuntera = 19 cm2/m
3/4 @ 14 cm
Acero por Corte:
Acero de Distribucin:
As Distribuci on = 0.0012 * b * t = 0.0012 * 100 * 60 = 7.2.cm 2 / m
1/2 @ 16 cm
DISEO DEL ESPOLN O DENTELLON.1 + sen
= 3.255
1 sen
1
1
Ep = . . H 2 . Kp = * 1.8 * h 2 * 3.255 Ep = 2.93 .h 2
2
2
Kp =
2
Vu
5390
=
= 1.67 < 7.38
.b.d 0.85 * 100 * 38
No. Re quiere . Estribos
0.90
2
6
Mu
= 1.70 .tn.m
b = 100 .cm
d = 38 .cm
As = 1.07 .cm 2 / m
2
f ' c = 210 .kg / cm
Fy = 4200 .kg / cm 2
1/2 @ 30 cm