3/3/24, 12:54 El trabajo de la OMI para reducir las emisiones de GEI de los buques

El trabajo de la OMI para reducir las

emisiones de GEI de los buques
Hogar  Centro de Medios  Temas de actualidad  El trabajo de la OMI para reducir las emisiones de GEI de los buques

Actuar para reducir las emisiones de los buques

La OMI se compromete a apoyar el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 13 de las Naciones Unidas (tomar medidas
urgentes para combatir el cambio climático y sus impactos) en línea con el Acuerdo de París de 2015 para reducir
las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) que causan el calentamiento global .

La Organización Marítima Internacional (OMI) adoptó el primer conjunto de medidas internacionales obligatorias
para mejorar la eficiencia energética de los buques el  15 de julio de 2011 . Desde entonces, la OMI ha tomado
medidas adicionales, incluidas nuevas medidas reglamentarias, la adopción de la estrategia inicial de la OMI sobre
GEI en 2018 y, en 2023, la estrategia revisada sobre la reducción de las emisiones de GEI de los buques. Para
apoyar su implementación, la OMI ejecuta un programa integral de asistencia técnica y creación de capacidad, que
incluye una variedad de proyectos globales. Lea más sobre ese trabajo aquí .

Estrategia de la OMI para 2023 sobre la reducción de las emisiones de GEI procedentes
de los buques

En julio de 2023, los Estados miembros de la OMI adoptaron la Estrategia de la OMI de 2023 sobre la reducción de
las emisiones de GEI de los buques, con objetivos mejorados para abordar las emisiones nocivas.

La Estrategia revisada de GEI de la OMI, adoptada en el Comité de Protección del Medio Marino ( MEPC 80 ), incluye
una ambición común mejorada para alcanzar emisiones netas de GEI del transporte marítimo internacional cero
para o alrededor de 2050, es decir, cerca de 2050, un compromiso para garantizar la adopción de la alternativa cero.
y combustibles con casi cero GEI para 2030, así como puntos de control indicativos para que el transporte
marítimo internacional alcance emisiones netas de GEI cero para 2030 (en al menos un 20%, esforzándose por
Inglés francés Español
alcanzar el 30%) y 2040 (en al menos un 70%, esforzándose por alcanzar el 30%). por el 80%). CUENTAS WEB DE LA OMI

https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Cutting-GHG-emissions.aspx 1/10
3/3/24, 12:54 El trabajo de la OMI para reducir las emisiones de GEI de los buques

En particular, la Estrategia de GEI de la OMI para 2023 prevé una reducción de la intensidad de carbono del
transporte marítimo internacional (para reducir las emisiones de CO2 por trabajo de transporte), como promedio en
todo el transporte marítimo internacional, en al menos un 40% para 2030. El nuevo nivel de ambición se relaciona
con la adopción de tecnologías, combustibles y/o fuentes de energía con emisiones nulas o casi nulas de GEI :
deben representar al menos el 5%, esforzándose por alcanzar el 10%, de la energía utilizada por el transporte
marítimo internacional de aquí a 2030.

Se prevé que se finalice una revisión de la Estrategia de la OMI sobre GEI de 2023 cuando el Comité de Medio
Marino se reúna en otoño de 2028, con miras a la adopción de la Estrategia de la OMI de 2028 sobre la reducción
de las emisiones de GEI de los buques.

Más detalles sobre la estrategia revisada están disponibles aquí y puede descargar el texto de la estrategia  aquí .

La infografía descargable a continuación describe los pasos clave de apoyo regulatorio y de implementación
establecidos en la Estrategia de la OMI para 2023 sobre la reducción de las emisiones de GEI de los buques.

2023 candidate mid-term GHG measures

The 2023 GHG Strategy states that a basket of candidate measure(s), delivering on the reduction targets, should be
developed and finalized, comprised of both:

1. a technical element, namely a goal-based marine fuel standard regulating the phased reduction of the marine
fuel's GHG intensity; and

2. an economic element, on the basis of a maritime GHG emissions pricing mechanism.

The candidate economic elements are being assessed observing specific criteria to be considered in a
comprehensive impact assessment, with a view to facilitating the finalization of the basket of measures.

The mid-term GHG reduction measures should effectively promote the energy transition of shipping and provide the
world fleet with an incentive while contributing to a level playing field and a just and equitable transition.

Inglés francés Español CUENTAS WEB DE LA OMI

https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Cutting-GHG-emissions.aspx 2/10
3/3/24, 12:54 El trabajo de la OMI para reducir las emisiones de GEI de los buques

What about pricing mechanisms?

The IMO 2023 GHG Strategy includes a timeline for adoption of these measures:

Spring 2025: approval of mid-term measures at MEPC 83;

Autumn 2025: adoption of mid-term measures at an extraordinary session of the MEPC;

2027 (16 months after adoption): entry into force of mid-term measures.

A Steering Committee is conducting a comprehensive impact assessment of the basket of candidate mid-term
GHG reduction measures in accordance with the Revised procedure on assessing impacts on States of candidate
measures ( MEPC.1/Circ.885/Rev.1).

Read more here about the proposed measures.

Support for developing countries

The 2023 IMO GHG Strategy acknowledges the challenges that developing countries, in particular least developed
countries (LDCs) and small island developing States (SIDS), may face in the implementation of the Strategy. IMO,
with funding assistance from Member States, provides support for LDCS and SIDS through a series of capacity-
building and technical cooperation programmes.

What is the next stage for IMO's GHG Strategy?

In July 2023, IMO Member States adopted the 2023 IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships, with
enhanced targets to tackle harmful emissions.

The revised IMO GHG Strategy includes an enhanced common ambition to reach net-zero GHG emissions from
international shipping by or around, i.e. close to, 2050, a commitment to ensure an uptake of alternative zero and
near-zero GHG fuels by 2030, with indicative check-points for international shipping to reach net-zero GHG
emissions for 2030 (by at least 20%, striving for 30%) and 2040 (by at least 70%, striving for 80%).

In particular, the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy envisages a reduction in carbon intensity of international shipping (to
reduce CO2 emissions per transport work), as an average across international shipping, by at least 40% by 2030.
The new level of ambition relates to the uptake of zero or near-zero GHG emission technologies, fuels and/or energy
sources: they are to represent at least 5%, striving for 10%, of the energy used by international shipping by 2030.

It is envisaged that a review of the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy will be finalized when the Marine Environment
Committee meets in autumn 2028, with a view to adoption of the 2028 IMO Strategy on reduction of GHG
emissions from ships.

2018 Initial IMO GHG Strategy

The 2018 IMO Initial Strategy on the reduction of GHG emissions from shipping set IMO on a pathway to reducing
GHG emissions.
Inglés francés Español CUENTAS WEB DE LA OMI

You can read the text of the Initial Strategy  here.

https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Cutting-GHG-emissions.aspx 3/10
3/3/24, 12:54 El trabajo de la OMI para reducir las emisiones de GEI de los buques

IMO climate events

IMO hosts and co-organizes climate conferences and events to support implementation of the GHG strategy - see
more information here.

IMO at COP - UNFCCC

IMO contributes to international action led by the United Nations to address climate change, including by attending
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) COP meetings.

Read more here on IMO and UNFCCC and see links to IMO at COP.

Latest figures on GHG emissions from shipping

The IMO 4th GHG study (2020) provides the latest statistics on GHG emissions from shipping. Key findings and a
link to download the full report are available here.

See also:

IMO Data Collection System annual reports.

Study on the readiness and availability of low- and zero-carbon ship technology and marine fuels Summary report
of the study

Mandatory energy efficiency requirements - what ships must do

Under a framework developed as part of the 2018 Initial IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships,
technical and operational amendments to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from ships
(MARPOL) Annex VI require ships to improve their energy efficiency in the short term and thereby reduce their GHG
emissions.

In simple terms, these measures are aimed at achieving the carbon intensity reduction aims of the Initial IMO GHG
Strategy.

On 1 January 2023 it became mandatory for all ships to calculate their Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI)
and to establish their annual operational carbon intensity indicator (CII) and CII rating. In other words, ships get a
rating of their energy efficiency (A, B, C, D, E – where A is the best). A ship running on a low carbon fuel gets a higher
rating than one running on fossil fuel.

There are many things a ship can do to improve its rating, such as hull cleaning to reduce drag; speed optimization;
installation of low energy light bulbs; installation of solar/wind auxiliary power for accommodation services; etc.

Read more about EEXI and CII ratings here.

Inglés francés Español CUENTAS WEB DE LA OMI

https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Cutting-GHG-emissions.aspx 4/10
3/3/24, 12:54 El trabajo de la OMI para reducir las emisiones de GEI de los buques

Alternative fuels
Low- and zero-carbon fuels will be needed to decarbonize shipping. See the results of a future fuels mapping
exercise here.

There is great potential for developing countries to become key suppliers of low and zero carbon fuels for shipping.
Read more here: IMO Symposium on alternative fuels.

Potential future fuels and propulsion for shipping include ammonia, biofuels, electric power, fuel cells, hydrogen,
methanol, and wind.

For different fuel options, there is a need to consider issues such as safety, regulation, pricing, infrastructural
availability, lifecycle emissions, supply chain constraints, barriers to adoption and more.

Download a workshop package on alternative fuels here. The workshop considers potential production pathways,
emission reduction potential, infrastructure and onboard requirements, as well as implications on cost. The overall
aim is to better understand some of the possible alternative fuels in the future marine fuel mix and assess
opportunities and any barriers to each option.

IMO has adopted Guidelines on life cycle GHG intensity of marine fuels (LCA guidelines) - read more about these
here). These allow for an assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from the fuel production to the ship (Well-to-
Wake), from primary production to carriage of the fuel in a ship's tank (Well-to-Tank, also known as upstream
emissions) and from the ship's fuel tank to the exhaust (Tank-to-Propeller or Tank-to-Wake, also known as
downstream emissions). Work continues on the development of the Life Cycle GHG Assessment (LCA) framework.

Candidate future low-carbon and zero-carbon fuels for shipping have diverse production pathways - for example,
different generations of biofuels, hydrogen-based fuels - entailing significant differences in their overall
environmental footprint.

Inglés francés Español CUENTAS WEB DE LA OMI

https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Cutting-GHG-emissions.aspx 5/10
3/3/24, 12:54 El trabajo de la OMI para reducir las emisiones de GEI de los buques

Future fuels and technology project

The Government of the Republic of Korea and IMO "Future fuels and technology for low-and zero-carbon shipping"
project (FFT project), has completed a study to identify the state-of-play and projections regarding the global uptake
and dissemination of low- and zero-carbon marine technology and fuels.

The project will further work on:

• identifying and supporting possible incentives/regulatory mechanisms, including safety and training issues, to
promote the uptake of low- and zero-carbon fuels and technology including mid-, long-term GHG reduction
measures; and

• promoting technical cooperation (e.g., pilot projects) and organizing outreach activities to reinforce mutual
understanding and cooperation between developed and developing countries and global shipping industry.

Download Study on the readiness and availability of low- and zero-carbon ship technology and marine fuels
Summary report of the study

Safety matters
The IMO Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) has included on its agenda, an output on "Development of a safety
regulatory framework to support the reduction of GHG emissions from ships using new technologies and
alternative fuels", starting with MSC 108 (mid-2024).

A correspondence group has been established to: identify and update a list of fuels and technologies which will
assist international shipping to support the reduction of GHG emissions from ships using new technologies and
alternative fuels; conduct an assessment for each identified fuels and new technologies (e.g. the state of
knowledge of risks and the technical considerations of solutions, Hazards and Risks, Risk Control Measures) in
relation to persons, ships (new built and converted) and applicable operations for the same, from e.g. projects
applying alternative design and approval process where permitted; based on the outcomes, develop a record for
safety obstacles and gaps in the current IMO instruments that may impede the use of the alternative fuel or new
technology; and submit a written report to MSC 108.

The IMO Sub-Committee on Carriage of Cargoes and Containers (CCC) has already been playing a vital role in the
development of technical provisions for alternative fuels and related technologies, ensuring that safety implications
and potential risks associated with the use of alternative fuels and related technologies are duly addressed.
Guidelines already developed include: Interim guidelines for the safety of ships using methyl/ethyl alcohol as fuel
( MSC.1/Circ.1621); Interim guidelines for ships using fuel cells (MSC.1/Circ.1647); interim guidelines for the
safety of ships using LPG fuels (MSC.1/Circ.1666 ).

The following video outlines the importance of transitioning to low- and zero-carbon fuels and renewable energy
sources to power ships:

Inglés francés Español CUENTAS WEB DE LA OMI

https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Cutting-GHG-emissions.aspx 6/10
3/3/24, 12:54 El trabajo de la OMI para reducir las emisiones de GEI de los buques

Producing future marine fuels

Supporting innovation

Shipping will undoubtedly need new technologies, new fuels and innovation to meet the GHG targets. There needs
to be investment in R&D, infrastructure and trials.

A range of IMO-executed projects is addressing this, focusing on supporting developing countries to implement
MARPOL Annex VI energy efficiency measures and promoting trials and training.

IMO climate action projects list:

• IMO-Norway GreenVoyage2050 Project https://greenvoyage2050.imo.org/

• Global Industry Alliance (GIA) to Support Low Carbon Shipping https://greenvoyage2050.imo.org/about-the-

gia/

• IMO-European Union GMN (Global Maritime Network of Maritime Technology Cooperation Centres) project
https://gmn.imo.org/

• GEF-UNDP-IMO GloFouling Project which addresses the issue of hull fouling that contributes to GHG emissions
https://www.glofouling.imo.org/

• Global Industry Alliance (GIA) for Marine Biosafety https://www.glofouling.imo.org/gia

• IMO-Republic of Korea GHG-SMART project https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/pages/39-

GHG-SMART-.aspx

• IMO-EBRD-World Bank FIN-SMART roundtable – co-led by IMO, the European Bank for Reconstruction
Inglés francés Español
and
CUENTAS WEB DE LA OMI

Development and the World Bank https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/Pages/WhatsNew-1579.aspx

https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Cutting-GHG-emissions.aspx 7/10
3/3/24, 12:54 El trabajo de la OMI para reducir las emisiones de GEI de los buques

• IMO-UN Environment Programme (UNEP)-Norway Innovation Forum

https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/PartnershipsProjects/Pages/Innovation-Forum.aspx

• IMO-Germany Asia Maritime Transport Emissions project (known as the Blue Solutions Project) IMO-Germany
project to cut maritime transport emissions in Asia

• IMO-Singapore NextGEN nextgen.imo.org/

• IMO Coordinated Actions to Reduce Emissions from Shipping (IMO CARES) (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)

• Future Fuels and Technology for Low- and Zero-carbon Shipping

Project https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/Future-Fuels-And-Technology.aspx

Carbon capture and storage and marine geoengineering

As the Secretariat for the London Convention and London Protocol, IMO regulates carbon capture and storage
(CCS) beneath the seabed to mitigate the impacts of increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the
atmosphere, as well as ocean fertilization and other marine geoengineering activities.

CCS is a technology that aims for the permanent isolation and storage underground (sequestration) of CO2. CCS
has been regulated by the London Protocol since 2006.

In 2013, the London Protocol was amended to regulate ocean fertilization. This will, when in force, provide a legally
binding mechanism to regulate the placement of matter for ocean fertilization, while also “future-proofing” the LP to
enable regulation of other marine geoengineering activities that fall within its scope.

Un área de creciente interés es la de la captura de carbono a bordo (OCC). El Grupo de Trabajo Intersesional de la
OMI debe considerar varias propuestas relacionadas con la tecnología y cómo su regulación podría acomodarse
dentro del marco regulatorio actual de la OMI. El Grupo de Trabajo espera brindar asesoramiento sobre el camino a
seguir al Comité de Protección del Medio Marino en su reunión de abril de 2024.

Lea más  aquí sobre cómo la regulación global puede abordar de manera responsable las tecnologías de
Inglés francés Español CUENTAS WEB DE LA OMI
mitigación del cambio climático para proteger el medio marino.

https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Cutting-GHG-emissions.aspx 8/10
3/3/24, 12:54 El trabajo de la OMI para reducir las emisiones de GEI de los buques

Vea una entrevista con el Secretario General de la OMI, Kitack Lim (2021):

IMO Secretary-General, Kitack Lim interview in 'Making Waves: The Future of Shi…
Shi…

Este vídeo de 2021 explica el papel de la OMI en la reducción de las emisiones de GEI del transporte marítimo :

Cutting shipping's GHG emissions - IMO's role

Inglés francés Español CUENTAS WEB DE LA OMI

https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Cutting-GHG-emissions.aspx 9/10
3/3/24, 12:54 El trabajo de la OMI para reducir las emisiones de GEI de los buques

Temas de actualidad

Organización Marítima Internacional

(OMI) 4 Albert Embankment, Londres
SE1 7SR, Reino Unido

Copyright © 2019 Organización Marítima Internacional (OMI).

Descargo de responsabilidad: La OMI se ha esforzado por que la información de este sitio web sea lo más precisa posible, pero no puede asumir responsabilidad por
ningún error. Los idiomas oficiales de la OMI son árabe, chino, inglés, francés, ruso y español. Los idiomas de trabajo son inglés, francés y español. Parte del
contenido de este sitio está disponible en todos los idiomas oficiales. La mayoría se presenta en los idiomas de trabajo.

https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Cutting-GHG-emissions.aspx 10/10