Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
occidental en Asia
influencia en Asia de los países
occidentales
Panorama imperial de Asia a finales del siglo xix y comienzos del xx.
Comercio y colonización
portugueses y españoles en
Asia
Más información: Imperio portugués,
Armadas de la India, Galeón de Manila,
Tratado de Tordesillas, Tratado de
Zaragoza
Alfonso de Albuquerque.
En 1509, los portugueses bajo Francisco
de Almeida ganaron la decisiva batalla de
Diu contra una flota conjunta mameluca y
árabe enviada para expulsar a los
portugueses del Mar Arábigo. La victoria
permitió a Portugal implementar su
estrategia de control del Océano Índico.
Comercio y colonización
neerlandeses en Asia
Artículo principal: Imperio neerlandés
Robert Clive.
De la Compañía a la corona
Francia en Indochina
Artículo principal: Indochina francesa
La captura de Lạng Sơn en 1885.
Intrusiones de Europa
occidental y Rusia en China
Artículo principal: Extraterritorialidad en
China
Imperialismo
estadounidense en China
Artículo principal: Adquisiciones territoriales
de los Estados Unidos
Después de la Segunda
Guerra Mundial
Francia en Indochina
Estados independientes
Notas
1. Durante cincuenta o sesenta años, los
portugueses disfrutaron del comercio
exclusivo con China y Japón. En 1717,
y nuevamente en 1732, el gobierno
chino ofreció hacer de Macao el
emporio de todo el comercio exterior y
recibir todos los aranceles sobre las
importaciones; pero, por un extraño
enamoramiento, el gobierno
portugués se negó, y su declinación
data de ese período.[2]
Referencias
1. M. Weisner-Hanks, Early Modern
Europe 1450–1789 (Cambridge, 2006)
2. Roberts, Edmund (1837) [First
published in 1837]. Embassy to the
Eastern courts of Cochin-China, Siam,
and Muscat : in the U. S. sloop-of-war
Peacock ... during the years 1832-3-4
(https://archive.org/details/embassyto
easter00unkngoog) . Harper &
brothers. image 173, p.166. OCLC
12212199.
3. Jude Lal Fernando (11 June 2013).
Religion, Conflict and Peace in Sri
Lanka: The Politics of Interpretation of
Nationhoods (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=wWInAQAAQBAJ&pg=P
A135) . LIT Verlag Münster. p. 135.
ISBN 978-3-643-90428-7.
4. C. Gaston Perera (2007). Kandy fights
the Portuguese: a military history of
Kandyan resistance (https://books.goo
gle.com/books?id=hgtuAAAAMAAJ&q
=%22Danture%22%20%221594%22) .
Vijitha Yapa Publications. p. 148. ISBN
978-955-1266-77-6.
5. Donald Obeyesekere (1999). Outlines
of Ceylon History (https://books.googl
e.com/books?id=cDwvQF_OgvMC&pg
=PA232) . Asian Educational Services.
p. 232. ISBN 978-81-206-1363-8.
6. Rasin Deviyo Archived 2015-12-22 at
the Wayback Machine - Chandra Tilake
Edirisuriya (Ceylon Today) Accessed
2015-12-13
7. Philippine Studies (https://books.googl
e.com/?id=zphuAAAAMAAJ&q=The+a
rrival+of+the+Spanish+in+Brunei+and
+the+Philippines+in+force+in+the+sixt
eenth+century+initiated+the+same+ki
nd+of+...&dq=The+arrival+of+the+Spa
nish+in+Brunei+and+the+Philippines+i
n+force+in+the+sixteenth+century+init
iated+the+same+kind+of+...) . Ateneo
de Manila University Press. 1986. p.
260.
8. Brunei Museum journal (https://books.
google.com/?id=5ASIAAAAIAAJ&q=br
unei+kafir+spanish&dq=brunei+kafir+s
panish) . 1985. p. 67.
9. The Brunei Museum Journal (https://b
ooks.google.com/?id=S7RwAAAAMA
AJ&q=brunei+kafir+spanish&dq=brune
i+kafir+spanish) . The Museum. 1986.
p. 67.
10. Barbara Watson Andaya; Leonard Y.
Andaya (19 February 2015). A History
of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1400-
1830 (https://books.google.com/?id=0
Rh2BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA145&dq=brunei
+kafir+spanish#v=onepage&q=brune
i%20kafir%20spanish&f=false) .
Cambridge University Press. pp. 145–.
ISBN 978-0-521-88992-6.
11. Anthony Reid (1 January 1993).
Southeast Asia in the Age of
Commerce, 1450-1680: Expansion
and crisis (https://books.google.co
m/?id=vxgHExnla4MC&pg=PA148&dq
=brunei+kafir+spanish#v=onepage&q=
brunei%20kafir%20spanish&f=false) .
Yale University Press. pp. 148–. ISBN
978-0-300-05412-5.
12. Anthony Reid (1993). Southeast Asia
in the Early Modern Era: Trade, Power,
and Belief (https://books.google.co
m/?id=h2SSpt4YuKwC&pg=PA166&dq
=brunei+kafir+spanish#v=onepage&q=
brunei%20kafir%20spanish&f=false) .
Cornell University Press. pp. 166–.
ISBN 0-8014-8093-0.
13. Robert Nicholl (1975). European
Sources for the History of the
Sultanate of Brunei in the 16th Century
(https://books.google.com/?id=Cmwe
AAAAMAAJ&q=brunei+kafir+spanish&
dq=brunei+kafir+spanish) . Muzium
Brunei. p. 43.
14. Eric Casiño; Eric S. Casiño (1976). The
Jama Mapun: a changing Samal
society in the southern Philippines (htt
ps://books.google.com/?id=2P0eAAA
AMAAJ&q=brunei+kafir+spanish&dq=
brunei+kafir+spanish) . Ateneo de
Manila University Press. p. 30.
15. Stephen Frederic Dale (1980). Islamic
Society on the South Asian Frontier:
The Māppiḷas of Malabar, 1498-1922
(https://books.google.com/?id=22JuA
AAAMAAJ&q=brunei+kafir+spanish&d
q=brunei+kafir+spanish) . Clarendon
Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-19-821571-4.
16. Keat Gin Ooi (1 January 2004).
Southeast Asia: A Historical
Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to
East Timor (https://books.google.co
m/?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA1705&d
q=brunei+kafir+spanish#v=onepage&q
=brunei%20kafir%20spanish&f=false) .
ABC-CLIO. pp. 1705–. ISBN 978-1-
57607-770-2.
17. Filipino Heritage: The Spanish colonial
period (16th century) (https://books.g
oogle.com/?id=1sYRAQAAMAAJ&q=T
he+arrival+of+the+Spanish+in+Brunei
+and+the+Philippines+in+force+in+the
+sixteenth+century+initiated+the+sam
e+kind+of+...&dq=The+arrival+of+the+
Spanish+in+Brunei+and+the+Philippin
es+in+force+in+the+sixteenth+century
+initiated+the+same+kind+of+...) .
Lahing Pilipino Pub. ; [Manila]. 1977. p.
1083.
18. The Criterion (https://books.google.co
m/?id=XlMkAQAAIAAJ&q=The+arrival
+of+the+Spanish+in+Brunei+and+the+
Philippines+in+force+in+the+sixteenth
+century+initiated+the+same+kind+of
+...&dq=The+arrival+of+the+Spanish+i
n+Brunei+and+the+Philippines+in+forc
e+in+the+sixteenth+century+initiated+
the+same+kind+of+...) . K.Siddique.
1971. p. 51.
19. Junaidi Payne (2000). This is Borneo
(https://books.google.com/?id=zPhvA
AAAMAAJ&q=The+arrival+of+the+Spa
nish+in+Brunei+and+the+Philippines+i
n+force+in+the+sixteenth+century+init
iated+the+same+kind+of+...&dq=The+
arrival+of+the+Spanish+in+Brunei+an
d+the+Philippines+in+force+in+the+si
xteenth+century+initiated+the+same+
kind+of+...) . New Holland. p. 28. ISBN
978-1-85974-106-1.
20. Trudy Ring; Robert M. Salkin; Sharon
La Boda (1994). International
Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and
Oceania (https://books.google.com/?i
d=vWLRxJEU49EC&pg=PA158&dq=15
99+spanish+cambodia+malay#v=one
page&q=1599%20spanish%20cambod
ia%20malay&f=false) . Taylor &
Francis. pp. 158–. ISBN 978-1-
884964-04-6.
21. Trudy Ring; Noelle Watson; Paul
Schellinger (12 November 2012). Asia
and Oceania: International Dictionary
of Historic Places (https://books.googl
e.com/?id=voerPYsAB5wC&pg=PA158
&dq=1599+spanish+cambodia+malay
#v=onepage&q=1599%20spanish%20
cambodia%20malay&f=false) .
Routledge. pp. 158–. ISBN 978-1-136-
63979-1.
22. Nicholas Tarling (1999). The
Cambridge History of Southeast Asia
(https://books.google.com/?id=jtsML
NmMzbkC&pg=PA129&dq=1599+spa
nish+cambodia+malay#v=onepage&q
=1599%20spanish%20cambodia%20
malay&f=false) . Cambridge University
Press. pp. 129–. ISBN 978-0-521-
66370-0.
23. Nicholas Tarling (1999). The
Cambridge History of Southeast Asia
(https://books.google.com/?id=GIz4C
DTCOwcC&pg=PA129&dq=1599+span
ish+cambodia+malay#v=onepage&q=
1599%20spanish%20cambodia%20m
alay&f=false) . Cambridge University
Press. pp. 129–. ISBN 978-0-521-
66370-0.
24. Tianze Zhang (1934). Sino-Portuguese
Trade from 1514 to 1644: A Synthesis
of Portuguese and Chinese Sources (h
ttps://books.google.com/books?id=1A
AVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA48#v=onepage&
q&f=false) . Brill Archive. pp. 48–.
GGKEY:0671BSWDRPY.
25. Tianze Zhang (1934). Sino-Portuguese
Trade from 1514 to 1644: A Synthesis
of Portuguese and Chinese Sources (h
ttps://books.google.com/?id=wnUaAA
AAMAAJ&q=behavior+abhorred&dq=b
ehavior+abhorred) . Late E. J. Brill
Limited. p. 48.
26. Tianze Zhang (1934). Sino-Portuguese
Trade from 1514 to 1644: A Synthesis
of Portuguese and Chinese Sources (h
ttps://books.google.com/books?id=1A
AVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA67#v=onepage&
q&f=false) . Brill Archive. pp. 67–.
GGKEY:0671BSWDRPY.
27. Tianze Zhang (1934). Sino-Portuguese
Trade from 1514 to 1644: A Synthesis
of Portuguese and Chinese Sources (h
ttps://books.google.com/?id=wnUaAA
AAMAAJ&q=Christian+heathens&dq=
Christian+heathens) . Late E. J. Brill
Limited. p. 67.
28. Note: In 1819 the standing army
consisted of over 7,000 European and
5,000 indigenous troops. See: Willems,
Wim Sporen van een Indisch verleden
(1600-1942). (COMT, Leiden, 1994).
Chapter I, P.24 ISBN 90-71042-44-8
29. Klemen, L. "Forgotten Campaign: The
Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-
1942". (http://www.dutcheastindies.we
bs.com/)
30. Allen F. Chew. An Atlas of Russian
History: Eleven Centuries of Changing
Borders. Yale University Press, 1967.
pp 74.
31. Mohammad Gholi Majd. August 1941:
The Anglo-Russian Occupation of Iran
and Change of Shahs. pp 239–240
University Press of America, 2012
ISBN 0761859403
32. Jane E. Elliott (2002). Some did it for
civilisation, some did it for their
country: a revised view of the boxer
war (https://books.google.com/book
s?id=wWvl9O4Gn1UC&q=chinese+fire
+power+pinned+down+enemy#v=snip
pet&q=defeat%20peasants%20not%20
humiliated%20at%20all&f=false) .
Chinese University Press. p. 143. ISBN
962-996-066-4. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
33. PO, Chung-yam (28 June 2013).
Conceptualizing the Blue Frontier: The
Great Qing and the Maritime World in
the Long Eighteenth Century (http://ar
chiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserve
r/18877/1/PhD_Dissertation_CyPO.p
df) (PDF) (Thesis). Ruprecht-Karls-
Universität Heidelberg. p. 11.
34. John King Fairbank (1978). The
Cambridge History of China: Late
Chʻing, 1800-1911, pt. 2. (https://book
s.google.com/books?id=pEfWaxPhdnI
C&pg=PA96#v=onepage&q&f=false)
Cambridge University Press. pp. 96–.
ISBN 978-0-521-22029-3.
35. David Scott (7 November 2008). China
and the International System, 1840-
1949: Power, Presence, and
Perceptions in a Century of
Humiliation (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=6U_DPS4vfO0C&pg=PA1
04#v=onepage&q&f=false) . SUNY
Press. pp. 104–105. ISBN 978-0-7914-
7742-7.
36. David Scott (7 November 2008). China
and the International System, 1840-
1949: Power, Presence, and
Perceptions in a Century of
Humiliation (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=6U_DPS4vfO0C&pg=PA1
11#v=onepage&q&f=false) . SUNY
Press. pp. 111–112. ISBN 978-0-7914-
7742-7.
37. John King Fairbank (1978). The
Cambridge History of China: Late
Chʻing, 1800-1911, pt. 2 (https://book
s.google.com/books?id=pEfWaxPhdnI
C&pg=PA94#v=onepage&q&f=false) .
Cambridge University Press. pp. 94–.
ISBN 978-0-521-22029-3.
38. Alex Marshall (22 November 2006).
The Russian General Staff and Asia,
1860-1917 (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=wDXfGErwPtsC&pg=PA7
8#v=onepage&q&f=false) . Routledge.
pp. 78–. ISBN 978-1-134-25379-1.
39. Alex Marshall (22 November 2006).
The Russian General Staff and Asia,
1860-1917 (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=wDXfGErwPtsC&pg=PA7
9#v=onepage&q&f=false) . Routledge.
pp. 79–. ISBN 978-1-134-25379-1.
40. Alex Marshall (22 November 2006).
The Russian General Staff and Asia,
1860-1917 (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=wDXfGErwPtsC&pg=PA8
0#v=onepage&q&f=false) . Routledge.
pp. 80–. ISBN 978-1-134-25379-1.
41. Alex Marshall (22 November 2006).
The Russian General Staff and Asia,
1860-1917. Routledge. pp. 85–. ISBN
978-1-134-25379-1.
42. John King Fairbank (1978). The
Cambridge History of China: Late
Chʻing, 1800-1911, pt. 2 (https://book
s.google.com/books?id=pEfWaxPhdnI
C&pg=PA95#v=onepage&q&f=false) .
Cambridge University Press. pp. 95–.
ISBN 978-0-521-22029-3.
43. Douglas Story (1907). To-morrow in
the East (https://books.google.com/?i
d=tbRGAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA224&dq=In+
the+hunting-park,+three+miles+to+the
+south+of+Peking,+is+quartered+the+
Sixth+Division,+which+supplies+the+G
uards+for+the+Imperial+Palace,+consi
sting+of+a+battalion+of+infantry+and
+a+squadron+of+cavalry.+With+this+D
ivision+Yuan+Shi+Kai+retains+twenty-
six+modified+Krupp+guns,+which+are
+the+best+of+his+artillery+arm,+and+
excel+any+guns+possessed+by+the+f
oreign+legations+in+Peking.#v=onepa
ge&q=In%20the%20hunting-park%2C%
20three%20miles%20to%20the%20so
uth%20of%20Peking%2C%20is%20qu
artered%20the%20Sixth%20Division%2
C%20which%20supplies%20the%20Gu
ards%20for%20the%20Imperial%20Pal
ace%2C%20consisting%20of%20a%20
battalion%20of%20infantry%20and%2
0a%20squadron%20of%20cavalry.%20
With%20this%20Division%20Yuan%20
Shi%20Kai%20retains%20twenty-six%2
0modified%20Krupp%20guns%2C%20
which%20are%20the%20best%20of%2
0his%20artillery%20arm%2C%20and%
20excel%20any%20guns%20possesse
d%20by%20the%20foreign%20legatio
ns%20in%20Peking.&f=false) .
Chapman & Hall, Limited. pp. 224–.
44. Leonard H. D. Gordon (2009).
Confrontation Over Taiwan:
Nineteenth-Century China and the
Powers (https://books.google.com/bo
oks?id=pPiE96EYPCkC&pg=PA32) .
Lexington Books. pp. 32–. ISBN 978-0-
7391-1869-6.
45. Shiyuan Hao (15 December 2015).
How the Communist Party of China
Manages the Issue of Nationality: An
Evolving Topic (https://books.google.c
om/books?id=LfcUCwAAQBAJ&pg=P
A165) . Springer. pp. 165–. ISBN 978-
3-662-48462-3.
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Japanese Demand for Formosa in the
Treaty of Shimonoseki, 1895 (https://b
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Formosa Under the Japanese: A
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IAAJ&dq=The+crews+of+many+Britis
h+and+American+ships+were+thus+m
urdered.+...+no+better+than+the+abor
igines%2C+made+a+business+of+stri
pping+wrecks%2C+and+torturing%2C
+enslaving%2C+or+killing+the+survivo
rs.+...+Shipwrecked+sailors+of+all+na
tions+were+still+being+murdered%3B
+attacks+grew+upon+the+traders+an
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. Stanford University. p. 63.
48. Andrew Jonah Grad (1942). Formosa
Today: An Analysis of the Economic
Development and Strategic
Importance of Japan's Tropical Colony
(https://books.google.com/?id=5OdH
AAAAYAAJ&q=aborigines+killed+ship
wrecked+sailors+formosa&dq=aborigi
nes+killed+shipwrecked+sailors+for
mosa) . AMS Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-
0-404-59526-5.
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on British Foreign Policy, 1800-1945 (h
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&q&f=false) . Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
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50. Japan Weekly Mail (https://books.goo
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&pg=PA263#v=onepage&q&f=false) .
Jappan Meru Shinbunsha. 1874. pp.
263–.
51. The Nation (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=OQwcAQAAMAAJ&pg=P
A256#v=onepage&q&f=false) . J.H.
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52. John M. Gates. "The Pacification of the
Philippines" (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20140629045949/http://www3.wo
oster.edu/History/jgates/book-ch3.ht
ml) . The U.S. Army and Irregular
Warfare. wooster.edu. Archived from
the original on 2014-06-29. Retrieved
2012-06-05.
53. Fall, Street Without Joy, p. 17.
Datos: Q3234208
Multimedia: Colonial Asia (https://com
mons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Col
onial_Asia) / Q3234208 (https://comm
ons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaS
earch?type=image&search=%22Q32342
08%22)
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