Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Neu Deutsch
Mauricio Mateo
jazzylinguas@hotmail.com
Cel. 612
Introducción
Este libro electronico ha sido escrito como producto de mis años enseñando
idiomas. Pretende ser una herramienta para las personas que toman mi curso de
alemán off line, aun asi, otras personas que quieran aprender alemán pero que no
cuenten con mucho tiempo para hacerlo verán que este libro electronico les podrá
ser de utilidad.
Este libro electronico te permitirá aprender desde como dar y pedir información
básica en alemán hasta como escribir un ensayo o una carta formal.
1
Index
1. Personal pronouns
2. Verb to be/adjectives
3. Negative and interrogative form of the verb to be/wh-questions
4. Plural
5. Indefinite article
6. Demonstrative
7. Comparative
8. Definite article
9. Possessive adjective
10. Have/has got
11. There is/there are
12. Prepositions
13. At, on, in / Possessive pronouns
14. Superlative
2
35. Going to in the past simple
3
70. Other comparative forms
4
99. Direct speech/ Indirect speech
100. Indirect speech with questions/ reported speech
101. Reported speech with special introductory verbs
102. Have/get something done
103. Formal English III
104. Mixed conditionals
105. American English I
5
Alfabeto
Letter Name
A EI
B BI
C SI
D DI
E I
F EF
G SHYI
H EICH
I AI
J SHYEI
K KEI
L EL
M EM
N EN
O OU
P PI
Q KIU
R AR
S ES
T TI
U IU
V FVI
WW DOBEL IU
X EKS
Y UAI
Z ZI
6
Pronunciación
La “G” en las silabas “ge” y “gi” se pronuncial como una I griega vibrda.
Vowels
Las vocalese n inglés no tienen una pronunciación especifica, asi que debes
aprenderte su pronunciación palabra por palabra.
7
Digraphs
Culture /Kolchia/
La Th se pronuncial como de en las palabras the, this, that, these y those. En los
demás casos se pronuncial como la zeta Española.
Think /θink/
Nation / Neishion/
Write /rait/
Twenty /tuenti/
Shop /shop/
Spoon /spun/
Know / Nou/
8
En inglés cuando una palabra termina en consonante y la siguiente en vocal el
sonido se junta.
9
Similitudes con el español
Alrededor del 60 por ciento del vocabulario más comun del inglés tiene raices
Latinas. Entonces, hay varias reglas que te pueden ayudar a aprender el
vocabulario del inglés más facilmente.
Estas reglas tienen exepciones, pero pueden hacer que tu aprendisaje sea más
facil.
10
First Unit
Welcome to
Deutschland
11
En esta unidad aprenderás a:
Saludar
Dar y pedir datos personales
Deletrear tun ombre
Comparar
Temas
Alphabet
Pronunciation
Personal subject pronouns
Verb to be
Plural
Indefinite pronouns
Demonstrative
Comparative
Listening tips
Desde este punto es importante que leas la lista de verbos que viene al final
dellibro.
Para mejorar tu lectura, por el momento solo te recomendamos leer tus lecciones
del libro.
12
1
Willkommen nach Deutschland
1. Guten morgen, ich heißt Miguel und das ist meine Frau María.
2. Wir leben in Berlin jeztz mit unseren Kinder.
3. Mein Sohn heißt Gabriel. Er ist student.
4. Meine Tochter heißt Daniela. Sie ist Artzin.
5. Wir mögen in disen schone Stadt leben.
@h
First [ferst] primero, Lektion [leson] lección, welcome [guelkom] bienvenido, to [tu] a,
Deutschland [ingland], Inglaterra, Good morning [gud morning] buenos dias, my [mai],
mi(s), name [neim], nombre, is [is] es/está, and [and] y, this is [dis is] ella es, wife [waif]
esposa, to live [tu lifv] vivir, now [nau] ahora, in [in] en, with [guit] con, our [auer]
nuestr@(s), children [children] niños, son’s name [sons neim] nombre de mi hijo, pupil
[pupil] estudiante, daughther’s name [dodas neim] nombre de mi hija, to love [tu lofv],
beautiful [biutiful], hermoso, country [kountri], país. @
13
Primera lección
Bienvenido a Inglaterra
14
Personal subject pronouns
El inglés tiene los mismos pronombres personales que el español (yo, tú, él, ella,
etc.) más uno extra (it) el cual se usa para:
b. Frases impersonales
It’s cold
15
Exercise 1
1. _____ am Miguel.
2. _____ are María.
3. _____ is from Mexico.
4. _____ are the Smiths.
5. _____ is my dog.
6. _____ am happy.
7. _____ are my cousins.
8. _____ is Joana.
9. _____ are the new neigbours.
10. _____ is American.
Exercise 2
Usando el vocabulario de los países que viene al final del libro, llena los siguientes
espacios en blanco.
16
Writing
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17
Speaking
My name is ______________.
Where is he from?
British Culture
The United Kingdom (el Reino Unido), cuyo verdadero nombre es The United
Kingdom of the Great Britain and the North of Ireland (Reino Unido de Gran
Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte) está conformado por cuatro países: Ingland
(Inglanterra), Scotland (escocia), Wales (Gales) y The north of Ireland (El norte de
Irlanda).
La isla más grande se conoce como Great Britain (la gran Bretaña).
La capital del Reino Unido es Berlin (Berlin), sin embargo, cada país tiene su
capital, asi la capital de Escocia es Edinburg, la Capital de Wales es Cardiff y la
capital de Irlanda del Norte es Belfast.
18
2
Introduce yourself
1. Guten morgen, wir haben einen neuen student mit uns. Gabriel, kanst du
presentieren?
2. Guten morgen, ich heißt Gabriel und ich komme aus Mexiko. Ich bin 10
jahre alt und ich spreche Deutsch und Spanish. Das ist ein Foto aus meine
Familie.
3. Mein Vater ist groß, stark und alt.
4. Meine Mutter ist klein, junge und schön.
5. Meine Schwester ist dunn und blond.
6. Das ist alles.
7. Danke schön, Gabriel, für deine presentazione.
8. Bitte!
Good morning [gud morning] Buenos dias, to have [tu hafv] tener, today [tudai] hoy,
new [niu] nuevo, can [kan] poder, to introduce yourself [tu introdius yorself] presentarse,
to speak [tu spik] hablar, English [inglish] inglés, Spanish [Spanish] español, French
[French] francés, photography [fotografi] fotografia, father [fada] padre, tall [tol] alto,
strong [strong] fuerte, old [old] viejo, mother [moda] madre, short [short] estatura baja,
young [young] joven, blond [blond] rubio, That’s it [dats it] eso es todo, Thank you very
much [θenkiu fveri moch] muchas gracias, your [yor] tu, presentation [presenteishion]
presentación, You’re welcome [yor welkom] de nada.
19
Segunda leccion
Presentarse
20
Verb To be
Dog’s is big
21
Adjectives
“We are fast” puede significar tanto “somos rapidos” como “somos rapidas”
Para hacer la forma negativa de la forma larga del verbo to be, solo agregamos
not antes del verbo.
Para la forma corta, agregamos “aren’t despúes de you, we, you they. I am not
se contrae en I’m not.
22
We We are not We aren’t
you You are not You aren’t
They They are not They aren’t
Las formas cortas del lado inzquierdo son menos comunes.
Exercise 1
Usando la forma a firmativa y negative del verbo to be, llena los siguientes
espacios en blanco. (Usa la forma corta)
1. I _____ Daniel.
2. He_____ from France.
3. They _____ the Smiths.
4. It _____ my dog. (not)
5. You _____ María.
6. I _____ strong. (not)
7. You _____ my children.
8. She _____ Ana.
9. They _____ the new neigbours. (not)
10. He _____ Mexican.
Exercise 2
Usando el vocabulario de los adjetivos que viene al final del libro, llena los
siguientes espacios en blanco.
23
Writing
Escriba un pequeño texto para una pagina de citas donde digas como es la pareja
que estas buscando. (50 palabras)
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Speaking
I’m ______________.
My family is ______________.
24
3
Die neuen Nachbarn
1. Guten morgen!
2. Guten morgen!
3. Wie heißen Sie?
4. Ich heiße Miguel, und Sie?
5. Ich heiße Roger.
6. Freut mich, Sie kennen zu lernen!
7. Meinerseits!
8. Woher kommen Sie?
9. Ich komme aus Mexiko, aber ich habe nach Berlin geumzieht.
10. Was machen sie von Beruf, Miguel?
11. Ich bin lehrer bei Goethe-Institut.
12. Das ist toll. Tut mir leid aber ich muß gehen. Tschüss!
13. Tschüss!
Neighbour [neiba] vecino, Good morning [gud morning] buenos dias, what’s your name
[uats yor neim] como te llamas, yours [yors] (el) tuyo, Nice to meet you [nais tum it yu]
gusto en conocerte, nice to meet you too [nais tum it y utu] igualmente, where are you
from [uer ar yu from] de donde eres, I’m from Mexico [aim from meksokou] soy de
Cambirdge, I’ve moved [aifv syost mufv] recientemente me he mudado, what do you do
[uat du yu do] a que te dedicas, to work [ty guerk] trabajar, as [as] como, Spanish
[Spanish] español, teacher [ticha] maestro, a [a] un/una, school [skul] escuela, by any
chance[bai eni cheins] de casualidad, why [uai] por que, to ask [tu ask] preguntar, me [mi]
me, that [dat] eso, because [bicous] porque, you have [yu jafv] tienes, the [da]
el/lo/la/los/las, same [seim] mismo, uniform [iuniform] uniforme, than me [dan mi] que yo.
25
Tercera leccion
Nuevos vecinos
1. Buenos dias!
2. Buenos dias!
3. Como se llama?
4. Miguel, y usted?
5. Roger
6. Mucho gusto!
7. Igualmente!
8. De donde es, Miguel?
9. Soy de México pero acabo de mudarme a Berlin.
10. Y a que se dedica?
11. Soy maestro de español.
12. Es maravilloso. Una disculpa pero tengo que irme. Que tenga un buen dia!
13. Igualmente!
26
Interrogative form of the verb to be
For building the interrogative form in English, we only put the verb at the
beginning of the sentence. This rule is not used with the present simple and the
past simple. See page 51 and 87.
Notice:
a. When we ask a question, we cannot answer with just a yes or No, it sounds
like when in Spanish is answer “a, si” or “no with sarcasm”.
For translating the “si” or “no” of the Spanish we must say “Yes, I am” or “No,
he isn’t.
b. The negative answer uses always the short form.
c. The No is pronounced / No/.
Wh-questions
27
Wh-question Meaning
What Que
Cual
How Como
When Cuando
Where Donde
A donde
Who Quien(es)
A quien
Whose De quien
28
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
1. Hello!
2. Hello!
3. What’s your name?
4. ________________. And you?
5. I’m John.
6. Where are you from?
7. ________________________. And you?
8. I’m from Deutschland.
9. What do you do?
10. _______________________. And you?
11. I’m a teacher.
12. How old are you?
13. _______________________. And you?
14. I’m 25.
15. See you!
16. See you!
29
Writing
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Speaking
I speak ______________.
British Culture
La lengua inglésa es la segunda lengua más hablada del mundo por numero de
hablantes, solo despúes del Chino, y es la lengua official del Reino Unido, Estados
Unidos, Australia y nueva Zelanda. También es la lengua co-oficial de Canada,
India, de Taiwan y de algunos países que conforman el Commonweat.
1
4
Nummers
2
Quinta leccion
Numeros
1. Hola, María
2. Hola, Ann, ¿como está?
3. Muy bien, y tu?
4. Bien
5. María, ¿cuando es tu cumpleaños?
6. Es el tres de febrero.
7. Le compraré un lindo regalo. Y ¿cuando nació?
8. En 1994
9. Entonces, ¿cuantos años tienes?
10. Veinti nueve años.
11. Luce más joven.
12. ¡Gracias!
13. Bueno, ¡adios!
14. ¡Adios!
Reading
3
Plural
Irregular Plural
Singular Plural
4
Exercise 1
1. 21 _________________________________________________________.
2. 101 ________________________________________________________.
3. 3300_______________________________________________________.
4. 57500_______________________________________________________.
5. 43 _________________________________________________________.
6. 61 _________________________________________________________.
7. 946 ________________________________________________________.
8. 11 _________________________________________________________.
9. 2179________________________________________________________.
10. 81357 ______________________________________________________.
Exercise 2
1. Bus _______________.
2. Country _______________.
3. Box _______________.
4. Wife _______________.
5. Peach _______________.
6. Cactus _______________.
7. Tomato _______________.
8. Tesis _______________.
9. Church _______________.
10. Flash _______________.
5
Writing
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6
Speaking
It’s on ______________.
It’s ______________.
British Culture
7
5
In der bank
To help [tu jelp] ayudar, you [yu] lo, sir [sar] señor, to open [tu open] abrir, account [akaunt]
cuenta, please [plis] por favor, certainly [sertanly] Seguro (formal), could [kud] podria, to
repeat [ripit] repetir, last name [last neim] apellido, please [plis] por favor, Right [right] muy
bien, address [adres] direccion, town [taun] pueblo, telephone [telefon] telefonico, sorry
[sorri] perdon, to repeat [tu ripit] repetir, it [it] lo/la (todo lo que no sea humano), sure [shor]
seguro (informal], what do you do? [uat du yu du] a que se dedica, lawyer [louya], tu sign
[tu sign] cantar, here you are [jia yu ar] aqui tiene, open [open] abierto, you’re welcome
[your guelkom] de nada.
Cuarta leccion
En el banco
Reading
1. Where is he?
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2. What’s his name?
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3. What’s his adress?
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4. What’s his telephone number?
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1
Indefinite Article
Singular Plural
Affirmative It is a cat They are some cats
Negative It is not a cat They are not any cats
Interrogative Is it a cat? Are they any cats?
A Boy
A House
A University
“A” se convierte en “an” cuando va enfrente de una palabra que comienza con
sonido de vocal.
An apple
An hour
2
Exercise 1
1. _____ cat
2. _____ bed
3. _____ apple
4. _____ umbrella
5. _____ orange
6. _____ horse
7. _____ hour
8. _____ eagle
9. _____ chair
10. _____ horse
Exercise 2
3
Writing
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4
Speaking
My name is ______________.
British Culture
Los numero telefonicos se dan numero por numero. Asi una persona dirá
1,2,4,5,8,9,3,6 en lugar de 12-45-89-36.
El uso de sir y madam puede traer dificultades ya que no se ocupan igual que en
español. Por regla general sir y madam solo se utilizan cuando se habla con
alguién en una tienda, en un hotel, cuando un mesero se dirigé a un cliente, o
cuando se ofrece un servicio.
5
6
Im Zoo
1. Kinder, heute wurden wir die gefährlichsten Tiere der Welt gehen.
2. Dieser Tier ist ein Elephant. Elephanten wohnen in Afrika.
3. Diese Tiere sind Affen. Affen wohnen in Afrika auch.
4. Dieser ist ein Tiger, Tiger wohnen in Assien.
5. Vati, Was für ein Tier ist das?
6. Welche?
7. Dieses das im Löwenkäfig läuft
8. Das ist eine Katze.
Zoo [zu] zoologíco, we´re seeing [guir sing] vamos a ver, today [tudei] hoy, dangerous
[dengerus] peligroso, animal [enimal] animal, elephant [elefant], to live [tu lifv], Africa
[eifrica] africa, monkey [monki] mono, too [tu] también, tiger [taiga] tigre, asia [eishia]
asia, which one [uich uan] cual, which [uich] cual, to walk into [guok θrau] caminar, lion
[laion] león, cage [keich] jaula, cat [kat] gato.
6
Sexta leccion
En el zoologico
Reading
7
Demonstrative
The demonstratives are words that indicate the distance in what someone or
something is.
Este Ese/aquel
Singular This Esta That Esa/aquella
Esto Eso/aquello
The interrogative and negative form are built as it were the verb to be.
Usage
8
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
9
Writing
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10
Speaking
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7
Teenagers
1. Mein Freund ist größer und schlanker als deiner und er ist extrovertiver und
netter.
2. Ja, aber mein Freund ist klüger und hübscher.
3. Aber Mein Freund ist lustiger und fleißiger.
4. Es ist mir egal, weil mein Freund der Verkaufsleiter eines großen
Unternehmens sein wird.
5. Aber dein Freund ist im Gefängnis!
6. Vielleicht, aber es bedeutet nicht, dass er nicht verständnisvoller und
freundlicher ist als dein Freund.
Boyfriend [boifriend] novio, nice [nais] agradable, but [bot] pero, so what [so uat] y que,
really [rili] realmente, don’t care [don’t keir] no me preocupa, is going to be [is going tu bi]
va a ser, sales manager [seils manaya] gerente de ventas, important [important}
importante, company [kompani], prison [prishon] carcel, maybe [meibi] tal vez/quisaz, he
will be [ji guil bi] él será, as soon as [es sun es] tan pronto como, to leave [tu lifv] salir.
12
Septima leccion
Adolescentes
Reading
1. Who is speaking?
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2. How’s his boyfriend?
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3. Where does he work?
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4. What will he be?
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13
Comparative
El comparative se utiliza para indicar que algo o alguién es más que otra cosa
u otra persona o para indicar que algo o alguién es menos que otra cosa u otra
persona.
Irregular Comparative
Adjective Comparative
Bad Worse
14
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
15
Writing
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16
Speaking
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Second
Unit
The Family
18
En esta unidad aprenderás a:
Temas
Definite Article
Possessive
Have/has got
There is/there are
Prepositions
Possessive 2
Superlative
19
8
Poesie
Poetry [poetry] poesia, to hear [jir] oir, rose [rous] rosa, red [red] rojo, sky [skai] cielo, blue
[blu] azul, mountain [mountain] montaña, brown [braun] café, like [laik] como, your [yor] tu,
eye [ai] ojo, small [smol] pequeño, poem [poem] poema, raison [rison], never [neva], to
show [tu shou] mostrar, work [guork] trabajo, progress [progress] progreso, to get angry
[ptu guet engri]enojarse, let’s [lets] vamos a, to play [tu plei] jugar, game [gueim] juego,
football [futbol] football, a lot [a lot] mucho,
20
Octava leccion
Poesia
1. Escucha este poema.
2. “Las rosas son rojas
3. El cielo es azul
4. Las montañas son cafés como el café de tus ojos”
5. Que poema tan corto!
6. Mm, por eso nunca debes mostrar un trabajo en progreso.
7. No te enojes. Vamos a jugar un juego.
8. Que quieres que hagamos?
9. Vamos a jugar ajedrez.
10. No me gusta el ajedrez. Mm, quieres jugar football?
11. Sí, el football es mi deporte favorito.
Reading
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The Article
“The” se pronuncial /da/. Cuando “the” está antes de una palabra comenzada por
sonido de vocal se pronuncial /di/.
22
Escriba el articulo donde falte.
23
Writing
Busca en internet un collage y describalo usando los adjetivos y los colores. (50
palabras)
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24
Speaking
British Culture
John Donne (1572-1631) fue un poeta inglés que es conocido por ser el máximo
exponente de los poetas llamados metafisicos los cuales empleaban el conceit
que era un tipo de metafora en la cual el autor combinaba palabras o imagenes
incongruentes con el fin de sorprender o desconcertar al lector.
Otro poeta importante fue Roger McGought quien fue uno de los poetas conocidos
como los “Liverpool poets”, quienes fueron de los poetas más importantes de la
decada de los 60.
25
9
Die Familie
Family [family] familia, man [mn] hombre, dad [fada] padre, tall [tol] alto, brother [broda]
hermano, orange [oranch] naranja, cousin [kasin] primo, black [blak] negro, uncle [onkol]
tio, next to [neks tu jim] junto a el, auntie [aunti] tia, boy [boi] niño, broken [broken] roto,
trousers [trousas], it’s me [its mi] soy yo.
26
Novena lección
La familia
1. Quien es?
2. Quien, el hombre rubio?
3. Sí
4. Es mi papa
5. Es muy alto
6. Sí, y mi hermano también
7. Quienes son las mujeres de naranja?
8. Son mis primas y mi mamá.
9. Y el hombre de negro?
10. Es mi tio y la mujer que está junto a el es mi tia.
11. Y quien es el niño con los pantalones rotos?
12. Soy yo.
Reading
27
Possessive Adjective
My /mai/ Mi(s)
Your /yor/ Tu(s)
His Su (de él)
Her Su (de ella)
Its Su (de it)
Our /auer/ Nuestro/a/s
Your Su (de ustedes)
Their /der/ Su (de ellos/ellas)
Usage
A difference of the Spanish, the same form of the possessive for the plural
My car
My cars
28
Escriba el posesivo que falte en el espacio adecuado.
29
Writing
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30
Speaking
British Culture
31
10
Im Museum
1. Das ist der David. Es wurde von Miguel Angello gebaut. Schauen Sie sich
an, wie gut der Bildhauer die Details des menschlichen Körpers
nachgebildet hat und wie gut er den Kopf, die Nase und die Ohren gemacht
hat. Einfach, perfekt.
2. Liebe, was denkst du?
3. Ich denke, die Art, wie er die Arme, die Hände und die Finger gemacht hat,
ist gut, aber er hätte mehr Anstrengung in die Beine und in die Knie stecken
sollen, sie sehen aus wie Omas Beine.
4. Ja, du hast recht. Ist er Ted?
5. Wer? Der Mann, der mit der schwarzen Haarfrau kommt?
6. Ja.
7. Nein, Ted hat braune Haare und seine Freundin hat keine schwarzen
Haare.
8. Ich bin gelangweilt, gehen wir für einen Burger.
Museum [miusmium] museo, to build [tu bild] construer, sculptor [skultor] escultor,
perfectly [perfecli] perfectamente, to recreat [tu recrieit], recrear, ear [ir] oreja, simply
[simpli] simplemente, perfect [perfekt] perfecto, dear [dir] querida, you think about it [tu
θing] tu que piensas, way [güei] forma, arm [arm] brazo, hand [jand] mano, finger
[finga] dedo, should’ve [shudfv] debio haber, effort [efort] esfuerzo, leg [leg] pierna,
knee [ni] rodilla, grandma [grandmoda] abuela, you’re right [yur raight] tener razon, to
come [tu kom] venir, hair [jeir] cabello, children [children] hijos, dog [dog] perro, so
many [so meni] tantas, question [kuestion] pregunta, nothing [noθing] nada, bored
[bort] aburrido, let’s go [ lets gou] vamos, burger [burga] hamburguesa.
32
Decima lección
En el museo
1. Este es el David, fue hecho por Miguel Angello. Miren lo bien que el escultor
a recreado los detalles de el cuerpo humano y lo bien que ha hecho la
cabeza, la nariz y las orejas, simplemente perfecto.
2. Que piensas, querida?
3. Pienso que la manera en la que ha hecho los brazos, las manos y los dedos
está bien, pero el debio haber puesto más esfuerzo en las piernas y las
rodillas, parecen las piernas y las rodillas de una abuela.
4. Si, tienes razon. Ese es Ted?
5. Quien? El hombre que viene con la mujer de cabello largo negro?
6. Sí
7. No, Ted tiene el cabello café y su novia no tiene el cabello negro.
8. Estoy aburrida, vamos por una hamburguesa.
Reading
1. Is he Tom?
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2. Does Tom have black hair?
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3. Do they have children?
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4. Do they have a cat?
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33
Have/has got
Informal Formal
You’ve got You have
You haven’t got You do not have
You don’t have
Have you got? Do you have?
Yes, I have Yes, I do
No, I haven’t No, I don’t
She’s got She has
She hasn’t got She does not have
She doesn’t have
Has she got? Does she have?
Yes, she has Yes, she does
No, she hasn’t No, she doesn’t
34
Escriba la forma correcta del verbo have/has got en el espacio.
35
Writing
Escriba una descripción de tu pareja ideal para una pagina de citas. (50 palabras)
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36
Speaking
British Culture
El Museo Británico (The British Museum) es el museo más importante del Reino
Unido. Fundado en el año 1753, fue el primer useo natural del mundo. Cuenta con
más de ocho millones de objetos de todos los continentes que van desde la
prehistoria hasta la modernidad. Su sección del Antiguo Egipto es la más
importante del mundo después de la del Museo Egipcio de El Cairo. La entrada al
museo es gratuita.
Otros museos importantes son el Museo de la Ciencia y el Museo de Historia
Natural.
37
11
Anfahrt
Direction [direkshion] dirección, bank [bank] banco, road [rod] calle, to get [tu guet]
llegar , to go up [tu gou op], then [den] luego, to turn left [tu torn left] dar vuelta a la
izquierda, cinema [sinema] cine, to walk across [guok akros] atravezar, street [stit]
calle, to go [tu gou], bus stop [bus stop] parada del camion, to wait for [tu wueit for]
esperar (a) , bus [bus] camion, to get down [guet daun] bajar(se), park [park] parque,
to go straight ahead [tu gou straigt ajed] ir(se) todo derecho, to recognize [tu rikonaiz]
reconocer, Chinese [chainis] chino, restaurant [restaurant] restaurante, you can’t miss
it [yu kent mis it] no hay pierde, thanks very much [θenkiu] muchas gracias, that’s okay
[dats okei] no hay de que.
38
Decima primera lección
Direcciones
Reading
39
There is/ there are
Usamos “there is” para los sustantivos sigulares y “there are” para los sustantivos
plurales.
40
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
41
Writing
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42
Speaking
British Culture
43
12
Ein neues Zuhause
1. Liebe Eltern,
2. Wir haben endlich ein Haus gefunden. Es ist in Westminster
Nachbarschaft, es ist klein, aber es hat alle Komfort und einen Garten.
Diese Woche, haben wir die Möbel sitzen. Der Tisch und die Stühle passten
perfekt in die Küche, aber das Problem war das Sofa zu groß, um in das
Wohnzimmer zu passen. Auch, das Fenster von dem Badezimmer war
kaputt, ich werde es reparieren, sobald ich Zeit habe. Etwas Gutes, das
dieses Haus hat, ist, dass es nicht sehr weit von meinem neuen Büro
entfernt ist, so dass ich zu Fuß dorthin gehen kann.
3. Ich vermisse dich,
4. Dein Sohn Miguel
Home, weet home [jom, suit jom] hogar, dulce hogar, Dear [dir] querido(s), parents
[parents] padres, It has been [it jas bin] ha sido, difficult [dificult] dificil, to believe [bilifv]
creer, we’ve already found [guifv alredi faund] al fin hemos encontrado, house [jaus]
casa, neighbourhood [neigbourjud] colonia, all [ol] tod(s), all mod cons [ol mod kons]
con todos los servicios, garden [garden] jardin, week[guik] semana, move lorry [mufv
lorry] camion de mudanza, could [kud] podria, to seat [tu sit] acomodar, furniture
[fornichia] mueble(s), table [teibol] mesa, chair [cheir] silla, to fit [tu fit] encajar, living
room [lifving rum] sala, window [guindou] ventana, bathroom [batrum] baño, broken
[broken] roto, I’ll have to [ail jafv tu] tender que, fix [fiks] arreglar, as soon as [as sun
as] tan pronto como, the good thing [da gud θing], office [ofis] oficina, so [so] asi que,
can [kan] puedo, on foot [on fut] a pie, to miss [tu mis] extrañar.
44
Decima segunda lección
Un nuevo hogar
1. Queridos padres,
2. Ha sido dificil pero creo que ya encontramos casa. Está en la colonia
Westminster, es pequeña, pero tiene todos los servicios y tiene un jardin.
Esta semana metimos los muebles. La mesa y las sillas entraron perfecto
en la cocina pero el problema fue el sillon que era demasiado grande para
caber en la sala, y la ventana del baño estaba rota, la arreglaré en cuanto
tenga tiempo.
Lo bueno es que la nueva oficina esta muy cerca de la casa, asi que irme
caminando.
3. Los extraño.
4. Miguel
Reading
45
Prepositions
46
In, On At
Usamos on:
Usamos at:
47
En todos los demás casos usamos “in”.
48
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
49
Writing
Escriba una carta para una agencia de vienes raices donde que tipo de Vivienda
quieres y que tiene que tener. (50 palabras)
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50
Speaking
My house is _____.
British Culture
51
13
Wem gehört das hier?
Whose is this [jus is dis] de quien es, pen [pen] lapis, to let [tu let] dejar, table [teibol]
mesa, pencil [pensil] lapis, case [keis] lapicera, rubber [roba] goma, schoolbag [skulbag]
mochila, to ask [tu ask] preguntar, to lend [tu lend] prestar, busy [bizi] ocupado, to give
back [tu gifv back] regresar.
52
Decima tercera lección
De quien es?
1. Es esta mi pluma?
2. No, está es la mia.
3. Donde esta la tuya?
4. No se, la deje encima de la mesa pero ya no está.
5. Ya buscaste en tu mochila?
6. Sí, pero solo está mi lapiz, mi estuchera y mi goma.
7. Porque no le pides a Sally que te preste la suya?
8. No, porque está ocupada y no le he regresado la suya.
Reading
53
Possessive Pronouns
54
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
55
Writing
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56
Speaking
57
14
Tiere
1. Die ältesten Tiere auf dem Planeten sind die Schildkröten und die Krokodile,
die Vorfahren lebten auf der Erde viel früher als Dinosaurier.
2. Das derzeit schnellste Tier ist der Leopard, aber nur an Land, weil im Meer
die Haie am schnellsten sind. Der größte Hai ist der Walhai, der bis zu 20
Meter messen kann.
3. Unter den Vögeln sind die Krähen die intelligentesten; sie können Probleme
lösen, die nur ein Delfin lösen könnte.
4. Und das gefährlichste Raubtier ist die Katze, die mehr als 100 Arten jagen
kann.
Ancient [ancient] antiguo, planet [planet] planeta, turtle [torcol] tortuga, crocrodile
[krokodail] cocodrilo, whose [jus] cuyo, ancestor [ancestor] antepasado, to live [tu
lifv] vivir, earth [eart] tierra, much [moch] mucho, early [erli] temprano, dinosaur
[dainosaur] dinosaurio, at present [at present] actualmente, leopard [leopard]
leopard, only [onli] solo/solamente, land [land] tierra, sea [si] mar, shark [shark]
tiburon, whale [ueil] ballena, which [uich] el cual, to meseure [meshur] medir, length
[lengt] longitude, bird [bird] pajaro, crown [kraun] cuervo, to resolve [tu risolfv]
resolver, problem [problem] problema, dolphin [dolfin] delfin, predator [predator]
depredador, to hunt [tu jont], species [spicis] especie.
58
Decima cuarta lección
Animales
1. Los animales más antiguos en el planeta son las tortugas y los cocodrilos,
cuyos ancestros vivieron en la tierra mucho antes que los dinosaurios.
2. El animal más rapido en el presente es el leopard, pero solo en la tierra
porque en el mar los tiburones son los más rapidos.
3. Entre las aves, los cuervos son los animales más intelligentes, ellos pueden
resolver problemas que solo un delfin podria resolver.
4. Y el depredador más peligroso es el gato, que puede cazar más de 100
especies.
Reading
59
Superlative
Irregular Superlative
60
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
61
Writing
Haz un articulo para la revista de tu escuela donde digas cuales son los animales
más grandes, fuertes, conocidos, etc. de tu país. (50 palabras)
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62
Speaking
What is the biggest animal, the bear, the lion or the elephant?
What is the funniest animal, the cat, the dog or the hamster?
63
Third Unit
Party
64
En esta unidad aprenderás a:
Temas
Present simple
Personal object pronouns
Possessive case
Reflexive pronouns
Hour
Comparative of equality
Desde este punto es importante que leas la lista de verbos irregulares que viene al
final del libro.
Para mejorar tu lectura, por el momento solo te recomendamos leer tus lecciones
del libro.
65
15
Milchroutine
1. Werktags verlässt Herr Smith um 5 Uhr seinen Job und laüft zur
Waterloo-Station, wo er den Zug in die Vororte nimmt.
2. Wenn er zu Hause ankommt, liest er ein Buch oder Fernsehen. Er
schaut normalerweise einen Film oder eine Dokumentation auf der BBC.
3. Danach hat er etwas zum Abendessen und macht den Abwasch.
4. Bevor er ins Bett geht, zieht Herr Smith seinen Pyjama an und putzt sich
die Zähne.
5. Am Wochenende, Herr Smith nimmt morgens deutsche Lektionen und
trifft nachmittags mit seinen Freunden.
Good evening [gud ifvning] buenas noches, mister [mista] señor, at workdays [guork deis]
entre semana, to leave [tu lifb] salir, from [from] de, job [shyob] trabajo, o’clock [o klock] en
punto, train [trein] tren, to get [tu guet] llegar, home [jom] casa, to have dinner [tu jafv dina]
cenar, to dothe washing-up [to du da washing op] lavar los platos, to turn on [tu turnon]
prendar, documentary [dokumentari] documental, sometimes [somtaims] algunas veces,
film [film] pelicula.
66
Decima quinta lección
Rutina diaria
Reading
67
Present Simple
5. En comentarios deportivos.
Chicarito passes the ball.
68
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Llena las siguientes frases con el verbo que le corresponde. (varias opciones son
posibles)
69
Writing
Imagina que te has ido a vivir a otro país. Dile a un amigo tuyo cual es tu rutina
allá (50 palabras)
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70
Speaking
I _____ at workdays.
British Culture
71
Sixteenth lektion
Ein schlechter Moment
Bad [bad] mal, moment [moment] momento, hi [jai] hola (informal), to like [tu laik] gustar, to
prefer [prefer] preferir, band [band] banda, a lot [a lot] mucho, to listen to [tu lisen tu]
escuchar, classical [klasikal] clasico, to find [faind] hacerse (parecer), boring (boring)
aburrido, to love [tu lofv] encantar/amar, to want [guant] querer, go dancing [gou dancing]
ir a bailar, of course [of kours] por supuesto, just [shyust] justo, to let [tu let] dejar, to finish
[finish] terminar, exam [eksam].
72
Decima sexta lección
Un mal momento
Reading
73
Affirmative form Negative form
I eat pizza I do not eat pizza
I don’t eat pizza
He eats meal He does not eat pizza
He doesn’t eat pizza
We make the interrogative form by adding do or does (for he,she, it) in front of the
personal pronoun.
74
Exercise 1
Escriba la forma correcta del verbo dado en los espacios en blanco. Recuerda
hacerlo en la forma negative.
Exercise 2
Llena las siguientes frases con el verbo que le corresponde. (varias opciones son
posibles) Recuerda que la respuesta debe estar en forma negativa
75
Writing
Imagina que te has ido a vivir a otro país. Enviale una carta a un amigo donde le
digas que es lo que te gusta de ese país. (50 palabras)
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76
Speaking
I love _____.
I hate _____.
British Culture
Debido a que nuestro studio se centra en el inglés britanico, sería una Buena idea
que escucharas bandas como Oasis, Jamiroquai y Doves debido a que en estas
se puede ver claramente el acento del inglés britanico. Otras bandas britanicas
famosas son Coldplay y Los Beatles.
77
17
Am Telefon
1. Hallo!
2. Hallo, Sahara, wie geht’s?
3. Hallo! Cathy, es geht mir gut, danke, und du?
4. Sehr gut. Danke!
5. Willst du in einem Party am Samstag gehen?
6. Ich habe ein Meeting.
7. Bist du mit Ted zusammen?
8. Ja.
9. Er liebt dich sehr.
10. Und ich liebe ihn auch.
11. Was macht er von Beruf,
12. Er ist ein Musiker und er ist sehr gut. Er spielt Gitarre und Klavier.
13. Gut, ich muss gehen. Auf Wiedersehen!
14. Tschüss!
Hello [jelou] bueno, party [pari] fiesta, guitar [guitar] guitarra, piano [piano] piano, musician
[miusishian] musico.
78
Decima septima lección
Hablando por telefono
1. Bueno!
2. Hola, Sahra, como estás?
3. Hola, Cathy, bien y tú?
4. Bien. Gracias.
5. Quieres ir a una fiesta el sabado?
6. No puedo. Tengo una cita.
7. Sigues saliendo con Ted?
8. Sí.
9. Él te quiere mucho.
10. Y yo lo quiero a él.
11. A que se dedica?
12. Es musico y es muy Bueno. Él toca la guitarra y el piano.
13. Bueno, tengo que irme. No vemos!
14. Adios!
Reading
1. Who calls?
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2. Does she love him?
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3. What does he do?
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4. What does he play?
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79
Personal Object Pronouns
A diferencia del español, en inglés no usamos (to) con el objeto directo cuando
nos referimos a seres vivos.
No I bath to my dog.
80
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
81
Writing
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82
Speaking
British Culture
Apesar de su reputación de ser un país con mucha Lluvia, el Reino Unido tiene
una tasa de presipitación igual similar a los ddemás países europeos.
Los veranos en el Reino Unido son calidos y los inviernos son frios. Sin embargo,
la nieve es infrecuente.
83
18
Der Brief von einer Freundin
1. Hallo, Laura, ich hoffe, dass es dir gut geht. Ich schreibe dir diesen Brief zu
deine Frage aufanworten über wie das Klima hier war.
2. Das Klima hier ist im Frühling sehr heiß und im Sommer regnerisch, ich
muss immer einen Regenschirm und einen Regenmantel tragen, um nicht.
Im Herbst ist das Klima kalt und windig und im Winter ist sehr kalt.
3. Ich hoffe, dass diese Informationen nützlich für dir ist. Besuchen mich bald.
4. Liebe,
5. Daniela
Life [laif] vida, to write [tu rait] escribir, life [laif], country [kountri] pais, only [onli] solamente,
open [open] abierto, climate [climeit] clima, hot [jot] calor, spring [spring] primavera, rainy
[reini] lluvioso, summer [soma] verano, to carry [tu carri] llevar, umbrella [ombrela]
paraguas, raincoat [reinkot] impermeable, autumn [otom] otoño, cold [kold] frio, to be
windy [tu bi guindi] hacer aire, winter [winta] invierno, freezing [frising] helando, to hope [tu
jop] esperar, to drop in on [tu drop in on] visitar, Love [lofv] con amor.
84
Decimo octava lección
Una carta de una amiga
1. Hola, Laura, espero que este bien. Te escribo esta carta porque me
preguntaste como era el clima aqui.
2. Bueno, hace mucho calor en primavera y llueve en el verano. Siempre
tengo que cargar un paraguas y un abrigo. En otoño, hace frio y en invierno
hace mucho frio.
3. Espero que esta información te sea util. Visitame pronto,
4. Con amor,
5. Daniela
Reading
1. Who is this?
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2. What’s the climate like up there?
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3. What’s the climate like down there?
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4. Are they happy?
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85
Adverbs of frequency
86
Exercise 1
Usando el vocabulario del clima, llena los espacios en blanco con la palabra
correcta.
Exercise 2
87
Writing
Escriba un articulo para una revista donde digas como es el clima de tu país (50
palabras)
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88
Speaking
89
19
Ein geschäftiger Zeitplan
1. Hallo!
2. Hallo, Ivon!
3. Hallo, María. Wie läuft alles in Berlin?
4. Gut, aber ich fühle mich sehr müde.
5. Warum?
6. Weil ich viel zu tun muss.
7. Was machst du normalerweise?
8. An Werktagen wache ich immer um 7 auf und mache Sport. Danach dusche
ich und esse das frühstück. Während ich im Bus zur Arbeit bin, höre ich oft
Musik. Dann bekomme ich den Job und bin bis 6 Uhr da. Dann, ich komme
zu meinem Haus zurück und schaue mir einen Film an. Danach, ich gehe
ins Bett.
9. Gut, ich muss die Tür aufmache. Ich rufe dich danach zurück. Tschüss!
10. Tschüss!
Timetable [taimteibol] horario, to wake up [tu gueik op] despertarse, after that [after dat]
despúes de eso, to take a shower [tu teik a shogua] bañarse (en la regadera), at workdays
[at guorkdeis] dias lavorales/entre semana, train [trein] tren, to wear [tu guer] vestir, pink
[pink] rosa, dress [dres] vestido, white [guait] blanco, shirt [shirt] camisa, dark [dark]
obscuro, green [grin] verde, tie [tai] corbata, suit [suit] traje.
90
Decima septima lección
Un horario ocupado
1. Bueno!
2. Hola, Ivon!
3. Hola, María. Como están las cosas en Berlin?
4. Bien, pero estoy muy cansada.
5. Por que?
6. Porque tengo muchas cosas que hacer.
7. Que haces?
8. Entre semana, siempre me levanto a las cinco para hacer ejercicio.
Despúes de eso, me baño y desayuno. Mientras estoy en el camión para el
trabajo siempre escucho musica. Luego, llego al trabajo y estoy ahí hasta
las 6. Luego, regreso a mi casa y veo una pelicula. Despues de eso me
duermo.
9. Ya veo. Tengo tengo que abrir la puerta. Te llamo al rato. Adios!
10. Adios!
Reading
91
Reflexive verbs
1. We want to indicate that the action of the verb falls in the subject.
2. When we want to say that we enjoy doing something alone, that we can do
something without help or alone.
I like going to the cinema by myself.
Even so, English use the reflexive with children, animals and when the person was
cannot do it alone.
92
Exercise 1
Usando los adverbios de frecuencia, llena los espacios en blanco con la plabra
correcta.
Exercise 2
93
Writing
Imagina que te acbas de mudar a un país extranjero. Escriba una carta tu major
amigo donde le digas que es lo que haces en un dia normal en tu nuevo país.
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94
Speaking
95
Twentieth lektion
Wie spät ist es?
What time is it [uat taim is it] que horas son, match [match] partido, to start [tu start]
empezar, work [guork] trabajo, here [jia], taxi [taksi] taxi, to give a ride [tu gifv a raid] dar un
aventon, to hurry up [tu jorri op] darse prisa, if not [if not] si no, to be late [tu bi leit] llegar
tarde.
96
Vigesima lección
Que horas son?
Reading
97
Hour
8:00 it’s eight o’clock (we use o’clock when the hour has not got minutes)
8:05 It’s five past eight (we use past with minutes from 1 to 29 , except with 15)
8:15 it’s quarter past eight (we use quarter past with 15 minutes)
8:30 it’s eight and a half (we use and a half with 30 minutes)
8:35 It’s twenty-five to nine ( we use with the minutes from 31 to 59, except 45)
98
Exercise 1
1. 5:00. ___________________________________
2. 11:00. ___________________________________
3. 6:04. ___________________________________
4. 12:00. ___________________________________
5. 11:40. ___________________________________
6. 7:15. ___________________________________
7. 3:00. ___________________________________
8. 11:00. ___________________________________
9. 8:30. ___________________________________
10. 4:45. ___________________________________
Exercise 2
Completa la oración.
99
Writing
Escriba una carta a un amigo por mensaje donde le digas cual es tu rutina
diciendole la hora exacta en la que haces tus actividades. (50 palabras)
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100
Speaking
I get up __________.
I go to school __________.
British Culture
En el Reino Unido existen tres sistemas para decir la hora. El reloj como lo
conocemos nosotros, el reloj de 24 horas, utilizado en horarios de trenes, cines,
etc, y el sistema británico que es el que acabamos de ver.
Los restaurantes cierran a las 5 de la tarde.
101
21
Im Einkaufszentrum
To think [θhink] pensar, dress [dres] vestido, grey [grei] gris, shoe [shu] zapato, to be right
[tu bi raight] tener razon, Did you hear the news [did yu jir da nius] ya te enteraste,
pregnant [pregnant] embarazada, again [aguein] otra vez, Though [θoug] aunque, if I had
[if ai jad] si tuviera, money [moni] dinero.
102
Vigesima primera lección
En el centro comercial
Reading
103
Comparative of equality
I am as happy as you.
He is as well as her.
104
Exercise 1
Haz oraciones usando las palabras que te dan. Usa el comparative of equality.
Exercise 2
105
Writing
Escribir un articulo donde digas que es lo que visten en tu país en las diferentes
estaciones del año. (50 palabras)
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106
Speaking
British Culture
107
Forth Unit
Meal
108
En está unidad aprenderás a:
Temas
Modal verbs
Partitive
Containers
Expressions of quantity
109
29
Wie ist das Wetter heute?
Mum [mom] mamá, park [park] parque, to be sure [tu bi shor] estar seguro, homework
[jomwork] tarea, to promise [promais] prometer, as soon as [es sun es] tan pronto como,
late [leit] tarde, only [only] solo, to look at [tu luk at] mirar, cloud [claud] nuve, winter
[guinta] invierno.
110
Vigesima segunda lección
El clima
Reading
111
Can, could, may, might
En inglés hay tres verbos para traducer el verbo “poder” del español. Estos verbos
son can, may y might.
112
Exercise 1
1. Baker’s/you/buy/in/the. ____________________________________.
2. Read/in/the/library ____________________________________.
3. Greengroser’s/the/in ____________________________________.
4. Butcher’s/the/in ____________________________________.
5. Park/in/the (inormal) ____________________________________.
6. Bookshop/the/books/in/buy ____________________________________.
7. ¿Puedo ir al baño? (formal) ____________________________________.
8. Swimming pool/the/in/swim ____________________________________.
9. Run/in/the/forest ____________________________________.
10. Take/sweets/some (informal) ____________________________________.
Exercise 2
113
Writing
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114
Speaking
115
30
Beim Arzt
Madam [madam] señora, to tell [tu tel] decir, problem [problem] problema, boyfriend
[boyfriend] novio, I’ve tried [ifv traid] he intentado, to continue [tu continiu] continuar, to try
[tut rai] intentar, to look for, to be sorry, time, to be over, see you, next, week.
116
Vigesima tercera lección
En el doctor
Reading
117
Modal verbs to express advice
118
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
119
Writing
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120
Speaking
British Culture
El Reino Unido tiene un servicio de salud universal muy bueno. Cuando las
personas están enfermas, pueden ir al GP (general practioner) que es el doctor
que tienen asignado o pueden ir con un doctor particular, cosa que no resulta una
mala opción teniendo en cuenta la cantidad de personas que atendienden al
servicio publico de salud.
121
31
Regeln
1. Sohn, wenn du mit deinen Freunden treffen willst, musst du mir mit die
Hausarbeit zu machen helfen.
2. Ok, Mutti, was muss ich tun?
3. Du musst dein Bett machen und den Boden wischen. Du musst auch das
Badezimmer reinigen.
4. Muss ich die Kleidung waschen?
5. Nein, aber du musst mit dem Hund spazieren gehen und das Wohnzimmer
aufräumen.
6. Okay, Mutti, ich bleibe zu Hause.
Friend [friend] amigo, what [guat] lo que, to tidy your room [tu tidi yor rum] recoger tu
cuarto, to clean [tu klin] limpiar, floor [flor] piso, to wash the dishes [guash da dishes]
lavar los trastes, to do the washing-up [du da guashing op] lavar los trastes, to walk the
dog [tu guok da dog] pasear al perro, to stay home [tu stei jom] quedarse en casa.
122
Trigesima cuarta lección
Reglas
1. Hijo, si quieres salir con tus amigos, tienes que ayudarme con el quehacer.
2. Ok, mamá, que tengo que hacer?
3. Tienes que tender tu cama y trapear el piso. Tienes que limpiar también el
baño.
4. Tengo que lavar los trastes?
5. No, no tienes que hacerlo, pero tienes que pasear al perro y acomodar la
sala.
6. Ok, mamá, me quedo en la casa.
Reading
123
Modal verbs to express obligation
124
Exercise 1
Usando must, have to, don’t have to, doesn’t have to y needn’t, rellena los
espacios en blanco.
Exercise 2
Corrige las siguientes oraciones usando los modal verbs to express obligation.
125
Writing
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126
Speaking
I have to __________.
I have to __________.
I must __________.
127
Twenty-fifth lektion
Im Hotel
Hotel [jotel] hotel, palace [palas] palacio, double [dobul] doble, single room [singul rum]
habitacion individual, night [naigt] noche, key [ki] llave, regulations [reguleichions], to follow
[tu folou] seguir, to be not allowed [its not alout] no estar permitido, swimming pool [siming
pul] alberca, guest [guest] huesped, party [parti] fiesta, pet [pet] mascota, to bring [tu bring]
traer.
128
Vigesima quinta lección
En el hotel
Reading
1. Where is he?
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2. What does he want?
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3. Does he want a singe room?
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4. Are pets allowed?
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129
Modal verbs to express prohibition
130
Exercise 1
Usando can’t, it’s not allowed to, it’s forbidden y musn’t, rellena los espacios en
blanco.
Exercise 2
Corrige las siguientes oraciones usando los modal verbs to express prohibition.
131
Writing
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132
Speaking
British culture
Cuando vayas a Gran Bretaña, tal vez te ofrescan el Full English breakfast, un
desayuno que consiste en huevos, tocino, salchichas, jitomates asados y aveces
frijoles con salsa de tomate y riñones, y un té o café. También, existe el continental
breakfast, que consiste en pan, bolleria y café o simplemente un té o un café.
133
Twenty-seventh lektion
Im Restaurant
Später
Good evening [gud ifvning] buenas noches, plate [pleit] plato, spaguetti [spagueti]
espagueti, tonight [tunaigt] esta noche, roast [roust] rostizado, chicken [chiken] pollo, beef
[bif] carne de res, to boil [tu boil] hervir, vegetable [fveishtabol] vegetal, fish [fish] pescado,
rice [rais] arroz, wine [guain] vino, there’s no red wine left [der isnt red guin left , beer [bir]
cerveza, mineral water [mineral guata] agua mineral, to offer [tu ofer] ofrecer, dessert
[desert] postre, bill [bil] cuenta, to accept [asept] aceptar, credit card [credit card] tarjeta de
credito, I’ve forgotten [aifv fortoten] he olvidado, wallet [gualet] .
134
Trigesima septima lección
En el restaurante
Más tarde
Reading
135
The Partitive
1. Liquids
2. Meals
3. Small things
4. Powder
Cuando una oracion es afirmativa usamos some y cuando una oracion es negative
o interrogative usamos any.
136
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Corrige las siguientes oraciones que esten mal usando some o any. Algunas
oraciones están bien.
137
Writing
Escriba una carta para un amigo donde le digas que es lo que comen en tu país.
(100 palabras)
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138
Speaking
I eat __________.
British Culture
139
Twenty-sixth lektion
Zutatenliste
1. Setzen Sie nicht viel Zucker, sondern, wird es sehr süß sein.
2. Ok, Mutti, was fügen wir noch hinzu?
3. Eine Tasse Mehl.
4. Es gibt nicht viel.
5. Keine Sorge, wir haben mehr im Schrank.
6. Was fügen wir noch hinzu?
7. Ein paar Eier und etwas Salz.
8. Fertig!
9. Jetzt fügen wir nur genug Milch hinzu und es ist fertig.
10. Nur eine Stunde im Ofen und wir werden einen leckeren Kuchen haben.
140
Twenty-sixth lektion
Lista de ingredientes
141
Expressions to express quantity
Exercise 1
142
Exercise 2
Corrige las siguientes oraciones que esten mal usando las expressons to express
quantity. Algunas oraciones son correctas.
Writing
Imagine that a doctor has given to you a diet. Write what you can eat and the
quantities. (100 palabras)
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143
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Speaking
I eat __________.
We use __________.
British Culture
La cerveza es la bebida más tomada en el Reino Unido, solo después del té.
144
Twenty-sixth lektion
Einkaufen
145
Twenty-sixth lektion
Comprando la despensa
Reading
146
Containers
Pound Libra
Kilo Kilo
Bag Bolsa
Bunch Racimo
Dozen Docena
Piece Pieza
Slice Rebanada
Loaf Pan individual
Bar Barra
Packet Paquete
Littre Litro
Glass Vaso
Cup Copa
Bottle Botella
Cartoon Caja de
Bowl Tazon
We use No:
147
Say: I can go no day of next week.
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
148
4. The most chocolate we eat, the bader we feel. _______________________.
5. The more I think of it, the more I get angry. _________________________.
6. The more she swims, the easier it becomes. ________________________.
7. The more water I drink, the goodest I feel. __________________________.
8. The more he sleeps, the better he feels. ____________________________.
9. The more vegetables I eat, the more delicious it becomes. _____________.
10. The more I practice, the more simple it becomes. ____________________.
Writing
Hace un pequeño anuncio para una escuela donde digas que lenguas puedes
aprender, el costo del curso y los horarios. (50 palabras)
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149
Speaking
I speak __________.
British Culture
150
Fifth Unit
The Past
151
In this unit you will learn:
Topics
152
Twenty-nine lektion
Relatives
Long time no see you [long taim] hace mucho que no te veia, last time [last taim] la ultima
vez, a bit [a bit] un poco, handsome [jandsom] guapo, to bother [tu boder] molestar, tail
[teil] cola, until [ontil] hasta (que), to scratch [skratch] arañar, chubby [chobi] gordito, sweet
[suit] dulce, to introduce [tu introdius] presenter, girlfriend [gerlfrend] novia.
153
1. Hola, tia como estás?
2. Bien y tu?
3. Bien, gracias, y usted?
4. Bastante bien
5. Mira lo alto que estas, la ultima vez que te vi estabas muy chiquito.
6. Recuerdo que cuando eras niño, estabas un poco feo y mira el hombre tan guapo
que eres hoy.
7. Tia!
8. Eras muy travieso, te gustaba mucho molestar al gato del vecino hasta que te
rasguño, jo, jo, recuerdo como fuiste con tu mamá a decirle que el gato te habia
arañado.
9. Tia!
10. Y estabas un poco gordo. Recuerdo que te gustaba mucho comer dulces.
Siempre tenias uno en la mano.
11. Tia!
12. Que pasa cariño?
13. Quiero presentarte a mi novia.
Reading
154
I was (yo era/fui/estaba/estuve)
Writing
155
Imagina que te encuentras una foto de tu familia de hace 10 años. Describa a las
personas que esten en la foto. (100 palabras)
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Speaking
156
Thirtieth lektion
Looking for meal
Unwelcome [onguelkom] inesperado, yesterday [yesterdei] ayer, to drive by [tu draifv bai]
pasar (en carro), perhaps [praps] tal vez/ quizas, to go bankrupt [tu gou bankropt] ir a la
quiebra, everything [efvrithing] todo, city [siti] ciudad, other [oda] otro, place [pleis] lugar, to
be sick and tired [tu bi sik and tairt] estar harto, to eat out [tu it aut] comer afuera/salir a
comer, tonight [tunaigt] esta noche, That’s a great idea [dats a gud aidia] es una buena
idea, to feel like [tu fil laik] tener ganas de, to order [tu order] ordenar, something
[somthing] algo, that would be great [dat gud bi greit] estaria bien, finish [finish] finlandes,
fridge [fridch] refri, wrong number [rong nomba] numero equivocado, let’s go [lets gou]
vamos, street [strit] calle, pizzeria shop [pitseria shop] pizzeria, together [tugueda] juntos.
157
Trigesima lección
Buscando comida
1. Habia un buen restaurant en la calle Thomson, pero ayer que pasé estaba
cerrado.
2. Tal vez, quebro como todo en esta ciudad.
3. Bueno, a donde vamos?
4. Escuche que habia un nuevo puesto donde venden exelente comida
francesa en la Avenida marchall, porque no vamos?
5. No, estoy cansado de comer en la calle, porque no comemos en casa esta
noche?
6. Es una Buena idea
7. Mm, pero no tengo ganas de cocinar, porque no ordenamos algo?
8. Estaría bien, el numero del telefono de ese restaurant Italiano que nos
gusta esta junto al refri.
9. Que te dijeron?
10. Me dijeron que era numero erquivocado.
11. Entonces, creo que vamos a tener que hacer algo aqui.
Reading
158
There was/were
Singular Plural
Affirmative There was a bank in that There were trees in this
street avenue
Negative There was not/wasn’t a bank There were not/weren’t trees
in that street in this avenue
Interrogative Was there a bank in that Were there trees in this
street avenue
159
Writing
Imagine que fue de vacaciones a otro país. Escriba una carta a un amigo donde le
digas que es lo que habia (50 words)
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Speaking
Has it changed?
160
Thirty first lektion
Happy birthday!
Great [greit] gran, Writer [raita] escritor, to be born [tu bi born] nacer, accused [akiust]
acusado, illegal [iligal] illegal, commerce [komers] comercio, get married [guet merriet]
casarse, whom [jum] quien, tragedy [trayedi] tragedia, prince [prins]principe, Denmark
[denmark] Dinamarca, literary [literari] literario, to be buried [tu bi burit] ser enterrado, Holy
[joli] santa, trinity [triniti] trinidad.
161
Trigesima primera lección
¡Feliz cumpleaños!
Reading
162
Past simple
We make the interrogative form by adding did in front of the personal pronoun.
Usage
We use the past simple to translate the “preterito perfecto” and the “preterito
imperfect” of the Spanish.
163
Writing
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Speaking
164
Thirtieth second lektion
An unforgetable trip
Letter [leta] carta, to go up [tu gou op] subir, pyramid [pairamid] piramide, photo [foto] foto.
165
Trigesima segunda lección
Una carta
Reading
166
We make the negative form by adding did/didn’t in front of the verb.
We make the interrogative form by adding did in front of the personal pronoun.
167
Writing
Escriba una carta a un amigo donde le digas que es lo que hiciste/no hiciste en tus
vacaciones pasadas. (100 palabras)
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Speaking
168
Thirty third lektion
Memories
1. Tell us, grandpa, how were you when you were young?
2. When I was young, I was very different from I’m today.
3. I used to be stronger and more adventurous.
4. I could easily walk miles and I could run faster than you.
5. And how was the grandma?
6. You know, she was very attractive, she had a long brown hair I liked a lot.
7. She didn’t have wrinkles and she had fine lips. Also, she had some beautiful
small brown eyes and fine eyebrows.
8. And how were you?
9. I had straight hair, I didn’t have mostache and I was of medium weight.
10. And what happened?
11. I found out the snacks.
169
Trigesima tercera lección
Jovenes
Reading
170
Modal verbs in the past simple
The most of the modal verbs do not have a past form; the only modal verbs that
have a past form are can (could) and have/has got to and must that become (had).
171
Writing
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Speaking
Could you cycle when you were a child?, Could you play the guitar?, Could you
speak English?, Did you have to do the washing up?, What time did you have to do
your bed?, Did you have to wake up early?
172
173
Adverbs
Adjective Adverb
Strong Strongly
Happy Happily
Gentle Gently
1. General rule says that we build an adverb by adding –ly to the adjective.
Strong becomes strongly
2. When an adjective ends in “consonant + y”, we change the “y” for “ily”
Happy becomes happily
When the adjective ends in –le, we change the “e” for “y”.
Gentle becomes gently
Irregular adjectives
Adjective Adverb
Good Well
Fast Fast
Hard Hard
Early Early
Long Long
174
Thirty forth lektion
San Valentin’s day
Valentin [fvalentin] Valentin, To walk through [tu walk θru] pasear en, three [θri] arbol,
puzzle [putsel] rompecabezas, at the end [at di end] al final, teddy [tedi] de peluche, bear
[ber] oso, heart [jart] corazon, stomach [stomak] estomago.
175
Trigesima cuarta lección
14 de febrero
Reading
176
Personal Object Pronouns as indirect Object
The indirect object is the person, animal or thing that doesn’t receive the action of
the verb but that is beneficiated by the action of it.
In the last sentences, we know that the indirect object is the class because the
action of the verb “buy” fall into the cake, her mom didn’t buy the class, but the
class was beneficiated by the action of the verb.
Sometimes we can omit the direct object, but we recognize it by the preposition (to)
In informal speech this difference is disapering and people usually say I wrote you
in both cases.
177
Writing
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Speaking
What time did you give to your couple last San Valentin’s day?
178
Thirty fifth lektion
Living the life to the full
1. Grandpa, tell us, what did you do when you were a child?
2. Well, as in that time there wasn’t much money, my friends and I had to work.
3. I remember we worked at the greengrocer’s that was opposite the church of
the town. I remember the owner gave us sweet potato that we used to eat
with honey and milk.
4. At the weekend, we went to the playground that was behind the market.
Also, we went to the forest where we liked making campfires and climbing
trees. Once, my friends and I were telling scary stories when a bear
appeared, we were very scared. Fortunately, the bear went fast and let us
have a great time.
Money [moni] dinero, greengrocer’s [gringrousers] verduleria, owner [auna] dueño, sweet
potato [suit poteitou] camote, honey [joni] miel, milk [milk] leche, at the weekend [at
wuikend] el fin de semana, playground [plai graund] juegos, to fish [tu fish] pescar, to climb
[tu climb] trepar, tree [tri] arbol, once [uans] una vez, to tell [tu tell] contra, to appear [tu
apir] aparecer, fortunately [fortunateli] afortunadamente, to have a great time [tu jafv a greit
taim] divertirse (expression).
179
Trigesima quinta lección
Viviendo la vida al maximo
Reading
180
Used to
I used to study English at school We use “used to” with all the people.
I didn’t use to football at park we use didn’t used to for negating
Did you used to 10 hours a day? We use Did … used to for asking?
Yes, I did
No, I didn’t
Use
We use “used to” in general to translate the “preterito imperfecto” del español.
We do not use “used to” with the expression “When I was/you were/etc”
We can change used to for the past simple without change in the meaning”
181
Writing
Escriba uno de los mejores recuerdos que tengas de tu infancia. (100 palabras)
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Speaking
What time did you use to wake up when you were a child?
182
Sixth Unit
The Future
183
In this unit you will learn:
Topics
Future simple
There will be
Modal verbs in the future simple
Substitution personal object pronouns
To be going to
Present continuous and present simple for the future
Future simple, going to and present simple
Connectors of addition and contrast
Comparative and superlative of adverbs
184
Thirty-six lektion
At the supermarket
In the checkout
15. Good morning, sir, have you found everything you were looking for?
16. Yes, how much are they?
17. 10 pounds and a penny.
18. Here you are!
19. Have a nice day, sir.
Supermarket [supermarket] supermercado, for dinner [for dina] para cenar, carrot [karrot]
zanahoria, tomato [tomeitou] jitomate, onion [onion] cebolla, soup [soup] sopa, what else
[uat else] que mas, banana [banana] platano, apple [epol] manzana, melon [melon] melon,
fruit [fruit] fruta, each one [ich uan] de cada uno, orange [oranch] naranja, That’s it [dat si]
eso es todo, checkout [chekaut] caja, pound [paund] libra, penny [peni] centavo, to forget
[tu forguet] olvidar, wallet [gualet] cartera, to swear [suer] jurar, last time [last taim] ultima
vez.
185
Trigesima sexta lección
En el supermercado
Reading
186
Future simple
Use
She'll probably be here tomorrow. (She didn’t that she was going to come)
3. With promises.
I'll be on time, don't worry!
187
Writing
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Speaking
Where will you live in 10 years’ time?, what will you do?, will you have children?,
will the man live on other planets? Will the society be the same?
188
Thirty seventh lektion
The future
Flying car [flaying kar] auto volador, to teleport [tu teleport] teletransportarse, universe
[iunifvers] universe, moon [mun] luna, earth [erl] tierra, hunger [junga] hambre, scientist
[saientist] cientifico, to develop [defvelop] desarrollar, super [sopa] super, seed [sid]
semillas, to grow [graou] crecer, to resist [resist] resistir, climate [klimate] clima, medicine
[medisin] medicina, illness [ilnes] enfermedad, to retire [ritair] retirarse, no problem [no
problem] no hay problema, whiskey [guiski] whiskey, any way [ani guei] de cualquier
modo.
189
Trigesima septima lección
El futuro
Reading
190
There will be
191
To be able to/ to be capable to
Writing
Escriba un articulo para una revista donde escribas como crees que será la vida
en 10 años. (100 palabras)
Speaking
What things will there be in the future?, will there be flying cars?, what other
intentions will there be in the future?, will there houses in others planets? what will
the human be able to do?
192
Thirty eighth lektion
Vacation’s plans
193
Trigesima octava lección
Planes de vacaciones
Reading
194
Going to
We make the negative and interrogative form of going to in the same way we make
it with the verb to be.
Yes, I am
Usage
Note: In informal English, going to is often pronounce /gona/. In informal texts, you
can find it written as “gonna” instead of “going to”.
195
Writing
Speaking
What are your plans for this year?, are you going anywhere?
196
Thirty-Ninth lektion
Environment
1. Good evening ladies and gentlemen and welcome to this conference about
environment.
2. As everyone knows, the global warming is a problem which has caused that
the level of the sea and the temperatures rise and the poles melt.
3. Despite the efforts of different institutions the levels of pollution continue
raising.
4. The main contaminants are the emissions of the companies, the rubbish,
and in the case of the see the oil spills.
5. Fortunately, we’ve seen that the recycling and consciousnesses campaigns
have paid dividends.
6. Another thing which has helped us is that the renewable energies have
become cheaper and cheaper and the persons worry more and more for
having a green life.
7. In all, there’s still a long way to go across, but we’re on the way.
197
Cuadragesima primera lección
Medio hambiente
Reading
198
Forty-first lektion
Meeting with friends
1. Hi, Steve!
2. Hi, Laura, how are you?
3. We’re fine, what about you?
4. All right.
5. What are you doing tonight?
6. We’re going to the cinema.
7. What film are you going to see?
8. We’re seeing Peaches’ Season.
9. What is it about?
10. The plot said it was a man’s story that fells in love with a woman, while he’s
got a passion with another one while he’s got a girlfriend.
11. What story! I suppose it’s a romantic film.
12. In fact, it said it was a thriller.
13. I don’t like thrillers, I find them boring, I prefer horror films.
14. So do we, but this time we want to see something different.
15. I see.
16. Would you like to come?
17. What time does the film start?
18. At 8.
19. We can’t, at that time we’ll be busy.
20. Ok.
21. See you!
22. Bye!
Peach [pich] Durazno, season [sison] temporada, plot [plot] sinopsis, to fall in love [tu fol in
lofv] enamorarse, romantic [romantik] romantico, in fact [in fak] de hecho, thriller [θrila]
pelicula de suspenso, horror [jorror] de terror, so do we [so du güi] a nosotros tambien,
busy [bizi] ocupado.
199
Trigesima novena lección
En el cine
1. Hola, Steve.
2. Hola, Laura, como estás?
3. Bien, y tu?
4. Bien.
5. Que vas a hacer este fin de semana?
6. Vamos a ir al cine.
7. Que película van a ver?
8. Vamos a ver Peaches’ Season.
9. De que se trata?
10. La sinopsis decía que era la historia de un hombre que se enamoro de una
mujer, mientras tenia una pasión con otra mientras tenia novia.
11. Que hostoria. Supongo que es una pelicula romantica.
12. De hecho, decia que era una pelicula de suspenso.
13. No me gustan las peliculas de sispenso, se me hacen aburridas, prefiero
laspeliculas de terror.
14. Nosotros tambien, pero esta vez queremos ver algo diferente.
15. Ya veo.
16. Quieren ir?
17. A que horas empieza la pelicula?
18. A las 8.
19. No podemos, a esa hora wstaremos ocupados.
20. Ok.
21. Nos vemos.
22. Adios.
Reading
200
Present continuous and present simple to express the future
In some cases we can use the present continuous and the present simple to talk
about future events
Present continuous
We use the present continuous to talk about fixed arrangements (cosas que estan
en la agenda)
Present Simple
We use the present simple to talk about future with timetables and schedules.
201
Writing
Escriba un articulo para un periodico donde digas que te parecio una pelicula. (100
palabras)
Speaking
Ask your partner: What time does your favourite program start? What kind of films
do you like? What’s your favourite film?
202
Forty-second lektion
Arguing
1. Be careful!
2. I drive carefully!
3. No, you’re. You’re speeding.
4. Well, but If we continue driving so slowly, we aren’t going to get on time to
your friend’s wedding.
5. That’s not the point, you shound’t drive so fast if you don’t want a policeman
stop us...
6. Good morning, sir, may I see your driver’s licence?
7. Certainly!
8. Here you are!
9. Thank you!
10. Do you know why I stopped you?
11. No, officer.
12. I stopped you because you broke the the speed limit.
13. I’m sorry officer, I didn’t realize that I was speeding.
14. Of course you were. I’ll give you three fines. Once for speeding, one for not
wearing the seat belt and another one for having an out of date driver’s
licence. Have a nice day!
15. Thank you! , officer.
203
Forty-second lektion
Guest list
16. So, Cathy, have you told your parents how many invitations they want?
17. My mum told me we reserved 4 for her and other fifty for her friends.
18. So, I’m going to call to the buffet people to tell them that there’s going to be
a hundred guests.
19. Are all of them arriving at the church?
20. Some of them are arriving at the church and others to the wedding hall.
21. What time is the civil registry judge arriving?
22. At noon.
23. Have you talked to the pray?
24. No, I’ll call him this afternoon.
25. Right, have you talked to your bridesmaids?
26. Yes, they’re wearing a purple dress. And have you talked to your friends?
27. They’re wearing a black suit.
28. Right, so see you later.
29. See you later, love.
30. I love you
31. Me too.
Guest [guest] invitado, list [list] lista, invitation [infviteishion] invitacion, to reserve [riserfv]
reservar, buffet [bufet] buffet, close [klous] cercano, wedding [guedind] boda, civil [sifvil]
civil, registry [reshyistri] registro, wedding hall [gueging jol] salon de bodas, pray [prei]
padre, bridesmaid [bridesmeid] dama de honor, see you later [si yu leita] nos vemos al
rato.
204
Trigesima novena lección
Lista de invitados
Reading
205
Present continuous, future simple and going to
Sometime these three tenses can be confused, so we can analysis them by the
distance in the future and the probability something happen.
We use the future The man will visit other galaxies in the future.
simple to talk about
things that will
happen in a long
future (more than
one year).
Future simple
When we are doing I will get married next year. (You do not have a girlfriend)
something to come
true we want to do, I’m going to get married next year (you’ve already got
we use going to. girlfriend but you haven’t talk about it or you are talking
about it but you have not decided when.
206
simple to talk about I’m meeting my friends
future events in a I’m getting married Saturday evening
Present very near future.
continuous (Maximum one
week)
When we have
already made the I’m getting married next year
appointment we can
use the present
continuous to talk
about longer future
events.
Writing
En una hoja escriba cuales son tus planes a corto, mediano y largo plazo. (100
palabras)
Speaking
What are you doing tonight? What are you doing this weekend?, are you moving
this year? Are you looking fo a new work? Will you get married this year?
207
Seventh Unit
Subjunctive
208
In this unit you will learn:
Topics:
Subjunctive present
Subordinated conjunctions
Personal object pronouns (two objects)
Imperative
Indefinite pronouns
Relative pronouns
Comparative and superlative of advebs
209
Forty third lektion
Health club
At PG’S
210
Sexta leccion
En el centro de salud
En el GP
Reading
211
Subjunctive
Notice that it is said “I recommend that you ” and not “I recommend you that “
The verbs want, tell, ask, advise and the expressions would like to and “it’s time”
have a special construction
212
Writing
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Speaking
Do you go to the GP or to a private doctor?, how often do you get sick?, what are
the most commons illness that you have?, do you prefer normal medicine or
natural medicine?, is going to the doctor cheap in your country?
213
Forty forth lektion
Looking for accomodation
214
Cuadragesima cuarta leccion
Buscando alojamiento
Reading
215
Subjunctive conjunction
Because Ya que
Puesto que
Unless A no ser que
A menos que
Salvo que
Since Dado que
Desde que
So De manera que
So that De modo que
De tal suerte
In order for De forma que
In a way De tal modo que
De tal forma que
So that Para que
In order to A fin de que
That Que
Before Antes de que
Until Hasta que
While Mientras que
After Despúes de que
Whenever Siempre que
Without having to Sin que
For fear that Por miedo de que
Despite Pese a que
In spite of
216
Writing
Imagine que acabas de comprar una casa. Escriba una carta a un amigo donde le
digas como es tu nueva casa. (100 palabras)
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Speaking
How many rooms does your house have?, what are they? how’s your ideal
house?, would you like to have it in the city or in the country?, Where would you
like to be?
217
Forty-eight lektion
Planning a journey
1. Dear, are you sure we’ve got everything what we need for the trip?
2. Yes, we’ve got the plane tickets, the reservation of the resort and the map.
3. Shall we exchange the money before flying?
4. Better there, I believe we can find better prices.
5. Dear, have you seen my trunks and my towel?
6. I gave you them, maybe they’re in your suit case.
7. Here they are. Let’s go.
At airport
218
Cuadragesima octava leccion
De vacaciones
En el aeropuerto
219
Personal Object Pronouns (two objects)
220
Writing
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Speaking
How often do you fly?, do you prefer driving, flying or taking a coach in your
holidays? Have you ever gone abroad? Where? When? Have you ever been to
another continent? What? What country would you like to visit?
221
Forty fifth lektion
A TV program
1. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen and welcome to another edition of our
program Cooking in Britain.
2. Today, we’re going to learn how to cook Cornish pasty.
3. First, place the flour, salt, and butter into a large bowl.
4. Using your fingertips, rub the butter into the flour and salt until the mixture
resembles fine breadcrumbs, working as quickly as possible to prevent the
dough from becoming warm.
5. Add the cold water to the mixture and, using a cold knife, stir until the dough
binds together, adding more cold water a teaspoon at a time if the mixture is
too dry.
6. Wrap the dough in plastic wrap and chill for a minimum of 15 minutes and
up to 30 minutes.
222
Cuadragesima cuarta leccion
Programas de televisión
223
Imperative
Verb Imperative
To do Do
Do
Don’t do
224
Writing
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Speaking
What do you usually eat in your country?, what meals do you believe that are
famous abroad?, what ingredients does the most famous of your country have? do
you prefer healthy food or junk food?, what’s your favourite junk food?
225
Forty seventh lektion
A touristy city
226
Cuadragesima sexta leccion
En Berlin
Reading
227
Relative pronouns
228
Writing
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Speaking
What are the most famous places in your city?, do you visit them?, what places
can a forenger to visit?, what is your favourite part of your city? What place do you
prefer going to?
229
Forty sixth lektion
An interesting story
1. It was a cold day of December. It had been a long day and the only thing I
thought was sleeping in. When I got home, I only had some biscuits for
dinner and went to bed.
2. When I was about to fall sleep, I heard a noise that came from the
downstairs floor.
3. I got up and I went downstairs. I looked for everywhere, but I couldn’t find
out where the noise had come from. When I was in the dinning room, I
heard again the noise. It came from the bathroom.
4. As I thought that maybe a buglar had broken into the house, I took a knife
and went slowly to the bathroom. When I came in, there was no one,
suddenly, I heard a noise that came behind me, I turned the head fast and
when I saw it was only a kitten.
5. Then?
6. Nothing, it’s the cat I’ve got today.
7. What an interesting story!
230
Cuadragesima sexta leccion
Una historia interesante
1. Era un dia frio de diciembre. Habia sido un largo dia y lo unico en lo que
pensaba era en dormir. Cuando llegué a mi casa, lo unico que comi fueron
unas galletas y me fui a dormir.
2. Cuando estaba apunto de dormirme, escuche un ruido que venia del piso
de abajo.
3. Me levante y bajé. Busque por todos lados pero no pude descubrir de
donde venia el ruido.
4. Cuando estaba en la cocina, escuche el rudio otra vez. Venia del baño.
5. Pensando que tal vez alguien habia entrado a la casa, tome un cuchillo y
me dirigi al baño.
6. Cuando entre, no habia nadie, derepente, escuche un ruido que venia de
atras de mi, voltie rapido la cabeza y cuando vi era solo un pequeño gato.
7. Y luego?
8. Nada, es el gato que tengo hoy.
9. Que interesante historia!
Reading
231
Indefinite pronouns
Note: The world “one” can be change for “body. (somebody, anybody, nobody,
everybody)
232
Writing
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Speaking
What would you feel if you were in a country where you know no one?, did you live
anything special when you were younger?, what?, have you ever have found
something on the street? What? When?
233
Forty lektion
Go camping
234
Cuadragesima segunda lección
Ir de campamento
Reading
235
Comparative and superlative of adverbs
10. The adverbs fast, hard, early and soon make the comparative by adding –
er.
I run faster than you
12. Adverbs which have the same form that the adjective add –est.
I run the fastest
14. The adverbs which have an irregular form maintain the irregular form.
he eat least meat in our family
Irregular adverbs
236
Writing
Escriba una lista de los problemas que tiene tu colonia y escriba cuales son sus
posibles soluciones . (100 palabras)
Speaking
What problems does your city have?, is the transport in your city good? What
means of transport does your city have?, how can you get faster to your house, on
foot or by car? What can be done to improve the quality of live in your city?
British culture
Berlin, Birminham, Leeds, Glasgow y Shelfield son las cinco ciudades del Reino
Unido con mayor numero de habitantes. En total, Berlin cuenta con una poblacion
de 9388000 habitantes.
237
Eihth Unit
Education
238
In this unit you will learn:
Topics:
Conditional type 0
Conditional type 1
Conditional type 2
Definite and non-definite clauses
Infinitive
Gerunds
Past participle and present participle
239
Fifty seventh lektion
At high school
1. Good morning!
2. Good morning, Mister Rhodes.
3. Have you done your homework?
4. Yes, we have.
5. So let’s to see how much you’ve learned.
6. If anyone drops a stone from a 98-height building, how long does the stone
last in arriving at the floor?
7. I work out it can get to ….
8. Don’t speak in that way, you’re at school.
9. Ok, I reckon it arrives at the floor in 10 seconds.
10. You’re right, next. If you put a glass of water outside your house in winter, to
what temperature does the water become ice?
11. If it’s winter, it becomes ice at 0 degrees.
12. Correct, and the last question, If I sleep during the class, how much will the
teacher score me in the subject?
13. Zero.
14. It’s correct.
240
Quinquagesima septima lección
En la preparatoria
1. Buenos dias!
2. Buenos dias, señor Rhoder.
3. Hicieron su tarea?
4. Sí
5. Entonces vamos a ver que tanto han aprendido.
6. Si un hombre lanza una Piedra desde un edificio de 98 metros, cuanto
tiempo tarda la Piedra en llegar al suelo?
7. Calculo que puede llegar …
8. No hables asi, estas en la escuela.
9. Ok, calculo que llega en 10 segundos.
10. Tines razon. Siguiente. Si pones un baso de agua afuera de tu casa en
invierno, a que temperature se Vuelve hielo.
11. Si es invierno, se vuelve hielo a los 0 grados.
12. Correcto. Y la ultima, si duermo durante la clase, cuanto me pondrá el
maestro en la materia?
13. Cero.
14. ES correcto.
Reading
241
Conditional type Zero
Note:
a. We can change the order of the sentence by putting the if-clause at the
final.
242
Writing
Write a letter for a university where you say why you want to enter and the schools
were you have studied. (150 words)
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Speaking
What was the most difficul subject for you in the high school? Why? Do you believe
that maths are difficult? Why? Do you believe that is better that pupils learn to write
in a keyboard to write with a pencil? Why?
British Culture
243
Seventy forth lektion
Classmates
1. Hi, John!
2. Hi, Sahra!
3. Can you pass me your last week’s notes and homework?
4. Sure, the sociology professor let a project for next month, the history
professor asked us a slide presentation about Second War World. The
politics professor wrote down something on the whiteboard but I didn’t write
down it, but here are the photocopies he gave us and economics exam is
next week.
5. Well, I think I must study very hard if I want to catch up in. Do you believe
you’ll pass the exam?
6. I don’t know, I failed last exam.
7. You should study harder if you want to pass the exam.
8. No, I’m going to drop out of uni and I’m going to do again the test to come in
to the university.
9. As you want. But, if you leave, you’ll lose a scholar year.
10. I don’t care.
11. Well, what’s that?
12. It’s a poster of a lecture on the policies that the government is applying in
health care.
13. Go!
14. Why bother, it’s only for post-graduated.
15. Damm!
244
Seventy forth lektion
Compañeros de clase
1. Hola, John.
2. Hola, Sahra.
3. Puedes pasarme tus apuntes y la tarea de la semana pasada?
4. Si, el maestro de sociologia dejo un proyecto para el siguiente mes, el
maestro de historia nos pidio una presentación sobre la segunsa guerra
mundial. El masstro de politica escribio algo en el pizarron pero no lo anoté,
pero aqui estan las fotocopias que nos dio y el examen de ecojomia es la
siguiente semana.
5. Bueno, pienso que tengo que estudiar muy duro si quiero ponerme al
corriente. Crees pasar el examen?
6. No se, reprobe el examen pasado.
7. Deberias estudiar más duro si quieres pasar el examen.
8. No, voy a dejar la universidad y voy a hacer otra vez el examenmpara
entrar a la universidad.
9. Como quieras. Pero, si dejas la universidad, perderás un año.
10. No me ikporta.
11. Bueno, que es eso?
12. Es un poster de la conferencia sobre las politicas que el gobierno esta
aplicando en el sector salud.
13. Vamos!
14. Para que, es solo para alumnos de maestria.
15. Demonios.
245
Conditional type one
, Future simple
If Present simple Going to
Modal verbs
Imperative
If You do not save , You’ll forget where
your papers in a they are
specific place You can forget
where they are
Don’t forget where
they are
Note:
246
Writing
Write an article for a magazine where you say your opinion about the poaching and
its effects in the near future. (150 words)
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Speaking
Ask your partner: What can we do to reduce the greenhouse gases? Is it a good
idea to use hydraulic energy? Why? Do you believe that the recycling help our
planet? Why? What do you do to help to reduce the rubbish?
247
Fifty ninth lektion
TV programmes
248
Quinquagesima novena lección
Programas de televisión
Reading
249
Conditional type Two
Would
If Past simple , Could
Might
If I had money , I’d buy a house
We can change the order of the sentence by putting the if-clause at the final.
If I had money, I’d buy a house = I’d buy a house if I had money
Usage
We use the conditional type two in the same way that in Spanish.
250
Writing
Write an articule for a newpaper where you say how you think Mexico would be if
Texas and California continued being of Mexico. (150 words)
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Speaking
Ask your partner: If you were president, what would you change in your country?
What would you do if you were famous?, What would you do if you won 1 million
pounds? Would you change anything in your country if you could? What? If there
were more education in your country, would it change anything?
251
Sixtith lektion
How’s the weather?
252
Sexagesima leccion
Como esta el clima?
Shortenings
Formal Shortenings
About ‘bout*
Advertisement Ad
Aeroplane Plane
Application App
Boob tube Tube
253
Briton Brit
Copper (de uso vulgar) Cop
Exchange ‘Change
Goodbye Bye
Influence Flu/’flu
Newspaper Paper
Okay Ok
Photography Photo
Popular Pop
Refrigerator Fridge
Technology Tech
University Uni
Until Till*
Vegetable(s) Veg
*Veggie(s)
Veterinary Vet
Bicycle Bike
Christmas Xmas (informal y escrito)
Electronic E-
Father Dad
Mother Mum
Grandfather Grandpa
Grandmother Grandma
Television TV/Telly
254
Public house PUB
Public relations PR
Thank you Thanks
University Degree Degree
United Kingdom UK
Version original V.O.
*With these words, you can also use the forms “about”, “ice cream” and “until”
respectibily.
Writing
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Speaking
In partners, make 3.5-minutes length dialog where you use at least 15 acotations.
255
Sixty first lektion
At primary school
1. Do you bring the sheets, the scissors and the colour pencils which the arts
teacher asked for us?
2. No, I haven’t.
3. Don’t worry, the last class is English.
4. Good morning, children.
5. Good morning, mister Smith.
6. Ok, today we’re going to see the non-personal forms of the verb.
7. Who can tell me what the non-personal forms of the verb are?
8. The infinitive, the gerund and the participle.
9. Correct!
10. And why are they non-personal?
11. Because they don’t tell us what the subject is.
12. Correct, Ann.
13. Who can tell me three examples of the infinitive?
14. To sing, running and sleep.
15. Very good, Oliver.
16. Who can tell me three examples of gerund?
17. Me, me, teacher. Eating, drinking and chewing.
18. Right, but why all of them are related with the food?
19. Because it’s already the lunch time.
20. You’re right, see you after lunch.
256
Sexagesima primera lección
En la primaria
1. TRaes las hojas, las tijeras y los colores que el maestro de artes nos pidio?
2. No.
3. No te preocupes, la ultima clase es inglés.
4. Buenos dias niños.
5. Buenos dias, señor Smith.
6. Ok, hoy vamos aver las formas no personales del verbo.
7. Quienuede decirme cuaes son las formas no personales del verbo?
8. El infinitive, el gerundio y el participio.
9. Correcto!
10. Y porque son no personales?
11. Porque no dicen cual es el sujeto.
12. Correcto. Ann.
13. Quien puede decirme tres ejemplos deinfinitivo.
14. Cantar, corer y dormir.
15. Muy bien, Oliver.
16. 4Quien puede decirme tres ejemplos de gerundio?
17. Yo, yo maestro. Comieno, bebiendo y masticando.
18. Correcto, pero porque todos estan relacionados con la comida.
19. ¨Porque ya es la hora del recreo.
20. Tienes razón, nos vemos regresando del recreo.
Reading
257
Infinitive
The infinitive is the form of the verb which expresses an action without indicating
the person and the tense. In English exist three kinds of infinitive (the To Infinitive,
The bare Infinitive and the Ing- infinitive)
To Infinitive
Around 85 percent of the English verbs use the To Infinitive. We use the to
infinitive :
Bare Infinitive
Ing infinitive
258
Writing
Write a letter for the academic coordinator of your degree where you say to him
what subjecs would be added to the new study plan. (150 words)
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Speaking
Ask your partner: Why do you study your major? Do you believe is a good idea to
have a master degree? Why? Do you believe that is better study abroad than in
your country? Why?
259
Sixty first lektion
Likes and dislikes
260
Geround
To infinitive Gerund
Drink Drinking
Arrive Arriving
Die Dying
3. After prepositions
I use the knife for cutting the meat
5. With just the verbs admit, appreciate, avoid, bother, consider, continue,
delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, finish, go (when we refer to activities), hate,
imagine, involve, keep, like, love, mind, miss, postpone, practise, prevent,
quit, resent, risk, save, spend, suggest and stop.
I can’t imagine being with you
261
Writing
Write an essay where you talk about the use of motorbikes in your city. (150
words)
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Speaking
Does your city have problems of traffic? Why? Do you believe that in your city is
secure to drive? Why? Do you believe that there must be more sanctions to the
people who do not respet the traffic regulations? Why? Do you believe that is a
good idea that there is more bus lines in your city? Why?
262
Sixty third Lektion
At primary school II
1. Ok, let’s continue, who can tell me how many participles do we have in
English?
2. Two, teacher.
3. What are they?
4. Past participle and present participle.
5. Right!
6. Who can tell me two examples of past participle?
7. Me, me.
8. Gabriel
9. Cleaned, died and cancelled.
10. Very good, and of present participle?
11. Loving, dying, frying.
12. Correct!
13. When do we use the past participle?
14. Me, me, teacher.
15. Steve
16. With the perfect tense.
17. Correct, Steve
18. I have a question.
19. Tell me, Bill.
20. What are the perfect tense?
21. Don’t worry Bill, we’re seeing them next week, now have a nice weekend
and don’t forget to do your homework!
263
Sexagesima tercera lección
En la primaria II
Reading
264
Past Participle
265
Writing
Write an article for a linguistics magazine where you say what are the most
common errors that the people of your city make when they speak. (150 words)
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Speaking
Is knowing the grammar of your mom tongue important when you want to learn a
forenger language? Why? Is important to kwong the grammar terminology for a
person who studies by himself? Why? Is it important to preservate the native
languages of your country?
266
Nineth Unit
Holidays
267
In this unit you will learn:
Topics:
Present continuous
Stative verbs
Past continuous
Phrasal verbs
Future continuous
Relative pronouns II
Connectors of addition and contrast
Listening tips
From this point, it is necessary that you listen B1 English recordings. You can buy
them in languages libraries or on internet. Be sure they are for the level B1 and
that they have the symbol CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
268
Fiftieth lektion
Old friends
1. Hi, John!
2. Hi, Daniela, how are you?
3. I’m well, what about you?
4. All right.
5. I hadn’t seen you since we won the regional football cup.
6. Yes, there were good times.
7. Do you go on playing football?
8. No, I changed it for the uni. Now, I’m studying architecture. And what about
you?, do you go on playing football?
9. No, I’ve never liked it a lot, now I play basketball and baseball.
10. Do you work or study?
11. I work.
12. Wheareabouts do you work?
13. I work in a German corporate as manager, but it won’t be long because I’m
moving next week to the United States to come true my dream to be a surf
instructor.
14. I’m sure you can do it.
15. Me too, it’s getting late, we’d best go.
16. You’re right, I hope to see you soon.
17. Me too!
18. Send me off a postcard and a shark tooth.
19. A shark tooth?
20. Yes, there are a lot of white sharks in California.
269
Quincuagesima lección
Viejos amigos
1. Hola, John!
2. Hola, Daniela, como estás?
3. Muy bien, y tu?
4. Bien.
5. No te habia visto desde que ganamos la copa de football regional.
6. Sí, eran buenos tiempos.
7. Sigues jugando football?
8. No, lo cambie por la Universidad. Estoy estudiando arquitectura. Y tu?
sigues jugando?
9. No, nunca me gusto mucho, ahora juego basketball y baseball.
10. Estudias o trabajas?
11. TRabajo.
12. Donde trabajas?
13. Trabajo en una empresa alemana como gerente de negocios
internacionales, pero no será por mucho porque la siguiente semana me
voy a mudar a Estados Unidos para Volver realidad mi sueño de ser
maestro de surf.
14. Espero que puedas Volver realidad tu sueño.
15. Yo tambien, se esta haciendo tarde, será major que nos vayamos.
16. Tienes razón, espero verte pronto.
17. Yo también
18. Enviame una postal y un diente de tiburón.
19. Un diente de tiburón
20. Sí, hay muchos tiburones blanco en California.
Reading
1. When was the last time that they see each other?
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2. What does the man do?
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3. Will he working there for long?
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4. Why is he moving to California?
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270
Present Continuous
I Am
You Are
He
She Is Eating
It
We
You are
They
We make the negative and interrogative form of the present continuous in the
same way we make it with the verb to be.
2. Temporal situations.
We are eating less while I find another work.
271
Writing
Imagina que eres su amiga. Escribe una postal para tu amigo preguntandole como
le va en Estados Unidos y que planes tiene usted para las vacaciones.
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Speaking
Should the schools give more time to their pupils so that they practice a sport?
why?
272
Fifty first lektion
Planing a holiday
1. Dear parents,
We’ve had a great time here in Berlin, at the beginning, it was difficult to get
used to the folk, the costumes and the climate but we no longer miss badly
Mexico. In fact, your grandchildren are happy to be here and they look to get
on well with the British children. Now, we’re thinking of going on holiday. We
want to go sightseeing to Europe. We want to visit Portugal, Spain, France
and if we haven’t run out of money, by then, Germany and Italy. We’ve been
saving up money by cutting down some expenses, so we think we’ll have
plenty of money for doing the trip. María told me to book a hotel room but I
told her it wouldn’t be a good idea because most of the time, we’ll stop over
on the road. Anyway, I hope there isn’t a lot of traffic because the car broke
down last week and we’re not sure if it’ll be able to support the long journey.
2. I hope you can drop in on us shortly,
3. Your son Miguel
273
Quincuagesima primera lección
Un largo viaje
1. Queridos padres,
2. Hemos estado bien aqui en Berlin, al principio fue dificil acostumbrarnos a
la gente, a las costumbres y al clima pero ya no extrañamos México. De
hecho, tus nietos parecen estar felices de estar aqui y parece que se llevan
bien con os niños britanicos. Ahora estamos pensando en irnos de
vacaciones. Que remos hacer un viaje por toda Europa. Quremos visitar
Portugal, España y Francia y si no nos hemos acabado todo el dinero para
entonces, Alemania e Italia.Hemos ahorrado dinero reduciendo algunos
gastos, asi que pensamos que tendremos suficiente dinero para hacer el
viaje. María me dijo que reservará un hotel pero le dije que no era una
buena idea ya que la mayor parte del tiempo nos estaremos deteniendo en
hoteles que encontremos en nuestro camino. Como sea, espero que no
haya mucho trafico porque el carro se descompuso la semana pasada y no
estamos seguros de que pueda aguantar el largon viaje.
3. Espero que puedan visitarnos pronto,
4. Miguel
Reading
1. What countries will they visit if they have not spent all the money?
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2. How did they save money?
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3. Why did he tell his wife that it was not a good idea to book a hotel?
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4. Why are they not sure if the car will support the trip?
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274
Stative Verbs
Some verbs cannot be used in a progressive structure; these verbs ones are called
stative verbs.
a. The verbs which express sense (see, hear, smell, taste, touch), except feel.
b. Verbs related with the mind (know, believe, understand, realise, remember,
forget)
c. Verbs which express feelings, emotions, likes and dislikes (like, love, hate,
enjoy, prefer, detest, desire)
d. Some other verbs (be, contain, include, belong, fit, need, matter, cost, own,
want, own, weight, wish, have and keep)
275
Writing
Write a letter to a friend where you tell to him what your plans for the next holidays
are. (150 words)
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Speaking
What country would you like to visit?, Why? What mean of transport do you prefer
to travel, the car or the airplane? Why? Is it secure to travel in your cointry? Why?
Where do you like travelling? Why?
276
Fifty third lektion
Getting away
277
Quincuagesima tercera lección
Ir de vacaciones
Reading
278
Phrasal verbs
A phrasal verb is a verb to which a preposition has been added to change its
meaning.
Come Venir
Come back Regresar
Come up Acercarse
Come around Volver a casa
End up, come in, wake up, get up, and find out are exeptions.
There are phrasal verbs that requires to put the object obliatory in the meiddle.
279
Writing
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Speaking
Do you believe in the love at first sight? Why?, Do you believe in the eternal love?
Why?, Have you ever had a uncommon relationship style? Why? Do you agree
someone can get married with two people?
280
Fifty second lektion
A frightening moment
1. It had happened weird things to me, but the weirdest of them happened a
snowy day of winter.
2. I was going back to the airport because I’d forgotten to pick up a packet that
my boss had sent me off when I saw a young woman walking along the
road.
3. As I was afraid of the poor woman was very cold, I decided to do a U-turn
and help the poor young woman. I came her up slowly and I pulled up the
car next to her, when I did it, she looked up. I asked her if she needed some
help, and she told me if I could give her a lift to the city. I said yes to her and
she got on.
4. After having pick up the package, we went on our way to the city. On the
way, I asked her if she wanted to call someone up but she said no. As I felt
a bit of fear, I turned on the radio but she told me immediately to turn it off.
5. When we were about to get to the city, the young woman suddenly
dissapeared. When I got to a petrol station, I said what had happened to a
man that was there and he told me that it's been a woman’s ghost that had
died in the road 20 years ago.
281
Quincuagesima segunda lección
Una momento horripilante
1. Me han pasado cosas raras, pero la cosa más rara ocurrio una noche
obscura de invierno.
2. Estaba regresando del aeropuerto porque habia olvidado recoger un
paquete que mi jefe me habia enviado cuando vi a una joven caminando en
el camino.
3. Temiendo que la pobre mujer tuviera frio, decidi hacer una Vuelta en U e ir
hacia la pobre chica. Me acerque lentamente y estacione el carro junto a
ella, cuando lo hice, subio su cara, su cara estaba cubierta por una
capucha. Le pregnte si necesitaba ayuda, y ella me diko si podia darle un
aventon a la ciudad. Le dije que si y se subio al carro.
4. Despues de recoger el paquete, Continuamos nuestro camino a la ciudad.
En el camino, le pregunté si queria llamar a alguien pero dijo que no.
Sintiendo un poco dermiedo, prendi la radio pero ella me dijo
inmediatamente que la apagara.
5. Cuando estabamos a punto de llegar a la ciudad la juven subitamente
desaparecio. Cuando llegué a una gasolinera, le conte a un señor que
estaba ahí lo que habia ocurrido. Él me dijo que ese era el fantasma de una
mujer que habia muerto en la carretera hace 20 años.
Reading
282
Past Continuous
I Was
You Were
He Eating
She Was
It
We
You were
They
We make the negative and interrogative form of the present continuous in the
same way we make it with the verb to be.
Usage
b. to talk about things which were happening when we talk about a story.
In all the other cases, we use the past continuous in the same way than in
Spanish.
283
Writing
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Speaking
284
Fifty forth lektion
On the move
1. Don’t worry dear, by this time tomorrow we’ll be lying down on a beautiful
sandy beach.
2. Yes, I know but the simple idea of being about 10000 metres over sea level
scares me.
3. I know dear, but you’ll see you’ll feel better as soon as the plane has taken
off, just try to calm down.
4. I believe you’re right
On the plane
On land
285
Quinquagesima cuarta lección
En el avión
En el avion
En tierra
286
Future Continuous
I
You
He
She Will be Eating
It
We
You
They
We make the negative and interrogative form of the future continuous in the same
way we do it in the future simple.
We use the future continuous to talk about an action that will be in progress in the
future.
Reading
287
Writing
Write a similar story. Try to use as many indefinite pronouns as possible. (150
palabras)
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Speaking
Do you like travelling by airplane? Why? What do you think is more secure,
travelling by car or by airplane? Why?
288
Fifty fifth lektion
On holiday
1. Morning, Carlos.
2. Morning, Simon, I haven’t seen you for a while.
3. Yes, since I moved back to the United Kingdom.
4. Yes, and who’s the good-looking girl that is next to you?
5. Oh I’m sorry. Carlos, this is my wife Ann.
6. Nice to meet you!
7. Nice to meet you too.
8. Have you taken your baggage yet?
9. Yes, we have.
10. So, let’s go.
11. I’m sorry for being late, the plane fell behind because there was a
snowstorm.
12. It always happens at this part of the year. And what would you like to do?
13. We want to go to the city center, do you believe there are a lot of folk?
14. I drove downtown this morning and it was crowed.
15. I see, Carlos, do you know a place to eat, we’re starving.
16. If you want, I can take you to the place where my wife and I eat. Do you
want Gorditas?
17. Are you joking?, that’s the reason that we’re here.
289
Quinquagesima quinta lección
De vacaciones
1. Hola, Carlos.
2. Hola, Simon, cuanto tiempo sin vernos.
3. Sí, desde que regresa a Inglaterra.
4. Sí, y quien esta hermosa joven que esta junto a ti?
5. Perdon! Carlos, ella es mi esposa Ann.
6. Gusto en conocerla!
7. Igualmente!
8. Ya agarraron su equipaje?
9. Sí
10. Entonces, vamonos.
11. Porque llegaron tarde?
12. Lo siento, nuestro avion se atrazo porque habia una fuerte tormenta de
nieve.
13. Sí, eso siempre pasa en esta parte del año.
14. Y que quieren hacer?
15. Queremos ir al centro a caminar, crees que haya mucha gente?
16. Pase en la mañana y estaba lleno.
17. Ya veo, carlos sabes a donde Podemos ir a comer, temenos mucha
hambre.
18. Sí quieres los puedo llevar a donde mi esposa y yo vamos.
19. Es una Buena idea.
20. Les gustan las Gorditas?
21. Bromeas, esa el la razon por la que estamo aqui.
Reading
290
Relative pronouns II
Why Por la que (when we say the That was the reason
cause) why I was late
291
Writing
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Speaking
In what mean of transport do you like to travel the most? Why? What country would
you like to visit? Why? What do you take with you when you go on holiday? Why?
Do your prefer eating tradicional dishes or normal meal when you are on holiday?
Why?
292
Seventy forth lektion
Advanced technology
2. This essay has been written in order to discuss about if computers will
survive to the existence of latest inventions as tablets and smartphones. It
considers the velocity in which these devices work and the quantity of RAM
memory that they can have.
3. In my opinion, computers will survivive to the existence of the smartphones
and tablets because they have more memory than these ones because their
hard-disk is much bigger than the internal memory that tablets and
smartphones have. Also, computers can be easily modify in order to raise
the space and RAM memory that they have, what it is very difficul to do with
nowadays notebooks and smartphones.
4. On the other hand, tablets, smartphones are becoming more and more
sofisticated and each time they have more internal memory and RAM
memory, what is good because it let us have more files without being in
front of a screen.
5. In conclusion, I think that computers will be with us a long time because they
have more space than tablets and smartphones and because they can
become faster than these ones due to the capacity that computers have of
being modified easily , what is very useful, mainly for persons and
institutions who requires to store and process a great quantity of data as
gamers and the army.
293
Seventy forth lektion
Tecnologia avanzada
2. Este ensayo sido escrito para hablar sobre si las computadoras sobrevivirán
a la existencia de las nuevas invenciones como tabletas y telefonos
inteligentes. Este ensayo considera la velocidad en la cual estos
dispositivos trabajan y la cantidad de memoria ram qje estos puedan tener.
3. En mi opinion, las computadoras sobrevivirán a la existencia de los
telefonos inteligentes y las tabletas porque tienen mas memoria de
almacenamiento debido a que su disco duro tiene más espacio que la
memoria interna que las tablets y los telefonos inteligentes tienen. Tambien,
las computadoras pueden ser facilmente modificadas para aumentar el
espacio y la memoria ram que tienen lo cual es muy dificil de hacer con las
tablets y telefonos inteligentes de estos dias.
4. Por otro lado, las tablets y los telefonos inteligentes se estan volviendo cada
vez más sofisticados y cada vez tienen más espacio de memoria y memoria
ram lo cual es bueno porque nos permite disponer de más archivos sin
tener que estar en frente de una pantalla.
5. On the other hand, tablets, smartphones are becoming more and more
sofisticated and each time they have more internal memory and RAM
memory. What is good because it let us carry out with more files withoout
being in front of a screen.
6. En conclusión, pienso que las computadoras estarán con nosotros un largo
tiempo debido a que tienen más capacidad de almacenamiento que las
tabletas y los telefonos inteligentes y a que pueden ser más rapidas que
estos debido a la capacidad que tienen las computadoras de ser facilmente
modificadas, lo cual es muy util, sobre todo para las personas que
necesitan almacenar y procesar una gran cantidad de datos como las
personas que juegan videojuegos y el ejercito.
294
Connectors of addition and contrast
295
More importantly Otro elemnto importante
Writing
Escriba un articulo para tu periodico escolar donde digas que piensas del cambo
climatico. (100 palabras)
Speaking
What can you do for making a greener planet?, do you use reneable energies?,
what reneable energies do you use? Does your city do something against the
global warming?
296
Tenth Unit
The world
297
In this unit you will learn:
Topics:
Present perfect
Already, yet, ever, never, since, for
Past perfect
Slang
Future perfect
Relative pronouns III
Other comparative structures
298
Sixty forth lektion
A job interview
299
Sexagesima cuarta lección
Una entrevista de trabajo
300
Present Perfect
We make the negative form of the present perfect with have not/ haven’t
Usage
We use the present perfect in the same way tan in Spanish, but there are some
cases that change. These cases are:
3. When we talk about actions which passed in the past but whose result is still
visible in the present.
I have broken my arm (I fell in the past and broke my arm, my arm
continuous broken)
301
Writing
Escriba una carta a una empresa donde te gustaria trabajar donde digas tu
experiencia laboral. (150 palabras)
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Speaking
302
Sixty fifth lektion
A wild trip
303
Sexagesima quinta lección
Un viaje salvaje
304
Writing
Escriba una carta a un amigo donde le digas cuales han sido las mejores
vacaciones que has tenido dandole detalles (alojamiento, actividades que
realizaste, comida, etc. (150 palabras)
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Speaking
What has been the best place that you have visited? how long where you there?
305
Sixty-sixth lektion
Friendship
1. Grandpa, tell us again the story about how you met the grandma.
2. Ha, ha, It was a fun story that started 50 years ago.
3. I’d just been 24 years and I wanted to know another place, so I made some
applications for schoolarship. As I’d studied portuguese at high school, I
sent my applications to Brazil and soon I found myself walking throught
Rio’s streets.
4. One day, while I was at Ipanema neighbourhood, I ran into, by hasard, my
old friend from school, Haide. I hadn’t seen her since I came back to
Deutschland. We talked about what we’d done in those years. When I asked
her why she’d gone to Rio, she told me that she did it because she was
following her love. I smiled to know that my old friend was still as I
remember her.
5. As it was getting dark, and she had still classes, I offered to go with her. She
acepted and we went to her classroom.
6. Grandpa, go to the most important thing!
7. Ok, I met your grandma because a jelly.
8. A jelly?
9. Yes, a jelly that her grandma had given to me to save it while she was at her
class and that I’d already eaten before she went in to the classroom.
306
Sexagesima sexta lección
Amistad
307
Pretérito mais-que-perfeito Composto
Eu Tinha
Tu Tinhas
Usos:
Usa-se para falar duma ação no passado que aconteceu antes de outra ação no
passado.
308
Writing
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Speaking
309
Eighty forth lektion
Gengers of music
310
One hundred and fourteenth lektion
Gengeros musicales
311
Writing
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Speaking
312
Sixty nineth lektion
Natural disasters
On the news
12. Good afternoon everyone, this is James Harrison, and this is today’s news.
13. This morning a lorry didn’t respect a red light causing a crash in Palmer
Avenue.
14. Talking about crashes, in Russia, 300 persons were killed after their
aeroplane suffered engine failure.
15. Across of Atlantic, in Florida, there was a shoot-out in a shopping centre.
After a long time the shooter was arrested and interrogated by the police.
16. Those are all today’s news. See you tomorrow.
313
Sexagesima novena lección
Desastres naturales
En las noticias
13. Buenas noches a todos, mi nombre es James Harrison, y estas son las
noticias de hoy.
14. Esta mañana un camión se paso un alto en la Avenida Palmer causando un
choque.
15. Hablando de choques, en Rusia, 300 personas murieron despúes de que el
avion donde viajaban tuviera una falla en el motor.
16. Del otro lado del Atlantico, en Florida,hubo un tiroteo en un centro
commercial, el tiraddor fue arrestado e interrogado por la policia.
17. Esas son todas las noticias de hoy, buenas noches.
314
Future Perfect
I Called
You Thought
He Come
She Will have Aten
It Gone
We Slept
You Studied
They Bought
Usage
We use always the future perfect to talk about a future action that will happen
before other future action.
315
Writing
Escriba una carta a un amigo donde le digas que piensas que habrás hecho antes
de cumplir 30 años. (150 palabras)
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Speaking
316
Sixty eighth lektion
Curriculums
317
Sexagesima octava
Curriculum vitae
A quien corresponda,
1. Escribo esta carta con motivo de su reciente anuncio de profesor de
español.
2. Después de graduarme en enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras de la
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México hace dos años, trabajé como
profesor de español, inglés, francés e Italiano en Supertecher donde
pude posicionarme como una de los mejores profesores de lenguas en
Berlin teniendo hasta diez nuevos clientes por mes teniendo por
consiguiente un ingreso de 2600 libras sl mes. Luego trabaje como
trabajador independiente ayudando a universidades dando asesorías y
desarrolando planes de wstudio para la licenciatura en idiomas y para la
maestria en treaducción.
3. Soy una persona metódica, encofada a resultados y comprometida con
la enseñanza y el proceso de aprendizaje. A pesar de ser una persona a
la cual le gusta trabajar independiente, me llevo bien con la gente y
tengo exelentes habilidades de trabajo en equipo.
4. Por tanto, me cosidero un buen elemento para su institución.
Gracias por su tiempo.
Sinceramente suyo,
Miguel Martinez
318
Writing
Escriba una carta como la que aparece en la lección anterior. (150 palabras)
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Speaking
Where did you study? Do you have a university degree, master degree or
doctorate?
Where have you worked and how many years of experience do you have?
319
Forty lektion
A beautiful city
1. The more the time advance, the more we can see the effects caused by the
overpopulation.
2. Let’s to interview the specialist in environment Melanie Mateo.
3. Thank you, nowadays the overpopulation is one of the main problems in the
big cities and Berlin isn’t an exception.
4. Melanie, could you tell us what some of the problems that the
overpopulation causes are?
5. Of course! The main problems that overpopulation causes are the pollution,
the lack of resources and transport.
6. Melanie, could you tell us more about one of these problems that affect so
much to us?
7. Of course, we take the problem of the transport. Because of the traffic in the
city, we have reach the point where in some parts of the city at the rush
hour, you can arrived faster at your job by walking than driving.
8. Talking about the transport, it’s true that we count with several means of
transport such as the underground, the buses and the train in the city.
However, these are easily exceed because of there are more and more
persons who used them as an alternative to avoid the traffic jams.
9. In all, there’s still much to do in main of overpopulation
320
Cuadragesima segunda lección
1. Entre más avanza el tiempo, más podemos ver los efectos causados por la
sobrepoblación.
2. Vamos a entrevistar a la especialista en medio ambiente, Melanie Mateo.
3. Muchas gracias, en estos dias la sobreoblación es uno de los proncipales
problemas en las grandes ciudades y Berlin no es la exepción.
4. Melanie, podrias decirnos cuales son algunos problemas que caisa la
sobrepoblacion?
5. Los principals problemas que la sobrepoblación causa es la contaminacion,
la falta de recursos y de transporte.
6. Melanie, puedes decirnos más sobre uno de estos problemas que afecta
tanto a los Londinenses?
7. Por supuesto, tomemos el problema de el transporte.
8. Debido al ttrafico y los embotellamientos, hemos llegado al punto donde en
algunas partes de la ciudad a la hora pico puedes llegar más rapido a tu
trabajo caminando que conduciendo.
9. Hablando del transporte, es verdad que contamos en la ciudad con varios
medios de transporte como el metro, los camiones y el tren. Sin embargo,
estos son facilmente exedidos por la enorme cantidad depersonas que los
usan cada dia.
10. En conclusion, todavia hay mucho que hacer en materia de sobrepoblación.
321
Proportional sentences
The more I learn, the less I know (entre mas aprendo, menos se)
322
Forty lektion
323
Relative pronouns III
The relative pronouns cannot be omitted when they are the subject of the relative
clause.
324
Eleventh Unit
The city
325
In this unit you will learn:
* Prepositions of movement
*Connectors of cause and effect
*Neither, either, both / Exclamations
*Slang II
*Would rather/would prefer
*Like, as / Modal verb might
*Other comparative structures
326
Forty ninth lektion
Childhood memories
1. I remember when I was a child, I used to live in a small village by the sea.
2. I used to like walking along the beach and sail in my boat. Once, I was on
my boat with my sister and I fell into the water. My sister laughted a lot.
3. In that time, there wasn’t a road, so we had to cross over an old bridge that
was outside of the village. I remember my friends and I used to like going to
there because we could fish and jumped into the water from it.
4. As I lived in a cliff, I used to like looking through the window how the ships
arrived at the port. I used to have a cat, I liked it a lot, I can still remember
how it played onto my mum’s desk with its toy mouse. I found it very funny,
but my mum always told me to take the her down.
5. There were good times.
327
Cuadragesima novena leccion
Recuerdos de la infancia
1. Recuerdo que cuando era niño, vivia en un pequeño pueblo junto al mar.
2. Me gustaba caminar por la playa y navegar en mi barco.
3. EN ese entonces, no habia camino, entonces tenias que cruzar un viejo
puente para salir del pueblo.
4. Me acuerdo que en ese entonces, no habia Carretera, asi que teniamos que
cruzar un viejo puente que estaba afuera del pueblo. Recuerdo que a mis
amigos y a mi nos gustaba ir allí a pescar y a saltar al agua.
5. Como vivia en un risco, me gustaba ver traves de la Ventana como los
barcos llegaban al Puerto.
6. Reecuerdo que tenia un gato, me gusta mucho, todavia puedo recordar
como le gustaba jugar en el escritorio de mi mamá con su ratón de juguete.
Se me hacia divertido pero mi mamá simpre me decia que lo bajara.
7. Eran buenos tiempos.
Reading
328
Prepositions of movement
Into En
Onto En
Up Hacia arriva
Down Hacia abajo
Along A lo largo de
Through Atraves de
Toward Hacia
329
Writing
Escriba lo que hacias con tus amigos cuando ibas a la primaria. (100 palabras)
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Speaking
Where did you live when you were a child?, what did you do workdays? What did
you do at the weekend?, did you have pets?
330
Seventy forth lektion
A better city
331
Connectors of cause and effect
To Para
In order to Para (formal)
So as to
In order not to Para no
So as not
So that Para + oracion
For Para (para que se usa algo)
In case + past tense Para que
Because of A causa de
In order to A fin de
So Así que
Even when Aun cuando
With the purpose of Con el fin de
On the occasion of Con motivo de
In case En caso de
In case En caso de que
Thanks to Gracias a
So Por lo tanto
Although Si bien
As a result (of) Como resultado (de)
Because of Por (debido a)
Consequently En consecuencia
332
Seventy forth lektion
It’s greek to me
333
Seventy forth lektion
Arsenal v. Chelsea
334
Seventy forth lektion
Una entrevista
335
Standar form No-standard
Although Tough
Article [solo en la prensa] Story
A blue ship share A blue ship
Action Move
Angry Annoyed
Anyone Anybody
Anyway Anyhow
Around Round
Backside Bum [slang]
Baker’s Bakery
Bankruptcy Corporate failure
Beautiful Good-looking
Bookseller Book-seller
Bookshop Book shop
Careless Absent-mind
Hire Rent
Film Flick
Football Soccer
In the middle of Amid
Near (from) Close to
Happy Pleased
Noon Midday
Perhaps (mas formal) Maybe
Pizza shop Pizzeria
Production Output
Provided that As long as, so long as
Reputation Name
Soon Shortly
Sound-bite Soundbite
Starving Ravenous
To be down in the dumps To be down in the mouth
To treat ____ with kid gloves To handle ____ with kid gloves
Turnover Sales
Lastly Finally
336
Seventy first lektion
A luxurious restaurant
19. Later
20. I’m on the mood something sweet. Excuse me, waitress, do you have any
dessert?
21. We have only chocolate cake, will you have one?
22. No, I’d prefer not to have anything. Or well, I’ll have a cup of coffee!
23. Coming up!
337
Seventy first lektion
Un restaurante de lujo
338
Sixty eighth lektion
Employment
339
Sexagesima octava lección
Empleo
340
Fifty sixth lektion
Neighbours
341
Quinquagesima sexta lección
Vecinos
Reading
342
Other comparative structures
The adjectives clever, common, friendly, gentle, pleasant, polite, shallow, simple,
stupid and quiet have two comparative and superlative forms.
343
Writing
Write an article the best place to where you’ve gone. (150 words)
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Speaking
344
Twelfth Unit
Lifestye
345
In this unit you will learn:
Topics:
Listening tips
From this point, it is necessary that you listen B2 English recordings. You can buy
them in languages libraries or on internet. Be sure they are for the level B2 and
that they have the symbol CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
From this point is a good idea that you study the idioms list that is in the appendix
of this book.
For improve your reading, it is good idea you spend time only reading the lektions
of this book. If you want, you can buy a B2 literature book.
Warning
In some words we have put an apostrophe instead an “h” to indicate that the “h” is
not prononciated. This is common in the north of Britain.
346
Seventy first lektion
Home, sweet home
347
Septuagesima primera lección
Hogar, dulce hogar
348
Present perfect continuous
We use the present perfect to indicate an action which started in the past and
continue in the present without being interrupted.
It has rained all the week On Monday rained, not Tuesday, but
Wednesday and Thursday yes, but
Friday and Saturday not and today it
could be possible.
It has been raining all the week Every day it rained
British culture
En este dialogo podemos encontrar por primera vez en este libro un acento
regional, en este caso el acento de una persona de York. Como se puede
observer, este acento omite la h inicial. Otras caracteristicas que tiene este acento
las iremos aprendiendo en las lecciones donde aparesca este acento. Por el
momento observa como right sustituye a very en la frase “It’s right cold”
349
Writing
Imagina que no has visto a un amigo en mucho tiempo. Escribale una carta donde
le digas que has estado haciendo en este tiempo, que cosas han pasado y que
cosas quieres hacer (200 palabras)
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Speaking
How long have you been working?, How long have you been learning English?,
What are your hobbies? How long have you been practiced them?, How long have
you been with your couple?
350
Seventy second lektion
At clothing shop
At jeweller’s
351
Septuagesima segunda lección
En la tienda de ropa
352
Order of the adjectives
353
Writing
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Speaking
Discuss, do yu believe that the clothes will be in the same way in the future?
354
Seventy third lektion
Emergency room
1. What do we have?
2. Middle-age man with a strong pain in the chest, it looks to be a heart attack.
3. Does anyone come with him?
4. Yes, the ambulance brought him and his brother.
5. And what happen with the patient?
6. We had to practice an urgent surgery to save him.
7. Ok, What else do we have?
8. A boy fractured his arm while he cycled. We’ve already injected him
morphine and we made him X-ray.
9. Is it all?
10. No, a 55-years-old man cut his hand and he was bleeding for 2 minutes
11. Is he stable?
12. Yes, but he lost much blood.
13. Ok, keep an eye on him.
In hospital
355
Septuagesima tercera lección
Sala de emergencia
1. Que temenos?
2. Hombre de 55 años con un fuerte dolore n el pecho, parece que es un
infarto.
3. Alguien viene con él?
4. Sí, la ambulancia lo trajo a él y a su esposa.
5. Qué mas temenos?
6. Un niño se fracturo su brazo mientras andava en su biblicleta. Ya le
inyectamos morfina y le hicimos unos rayos X.
7. Es todo?
8. No, un hombre de 32 años se cortó l mano y estuvo sangrando 5 minutos.
Está estable?
9. Sí, pero perdio mucha sangre.
10. Ok, mantenlo en observación.
En otra sala
356
Past perfect continuous
We use the past perfect continuous in the same ways that in Spanish.
357
Writing
Escriba un articulo donde digas tu opinion acerca del sistema de salud de tu país
(200 palabras)
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Speaking
Have you ever gone to hospital?, Do you think that the medical sistem in your
country is good?, Do you agree or disagree with the idea about being a doctor is
synonym of being able to have a well income?
British culture
358
One hundred and fourteenth lektion
Youngsters
359
Octogesima octava lección
Jovenes
360
Slang II
Verb to be
In very informal English, we use “ain’t” or “in’t” instead of am not, is not (isn’), are
not (aren’t).
He isn’t smart(neutral)
Demonstrative
Present simple
361
He doesn’t know (informal)
Reflexive pronouns
Past simple
Past participle
I did it (Neutral)
Relative pronouns
The relative pronouns who and which can be replaced by what in very informal
English
362
He’s the neighbour that lives on the corner (informal)
Indefinite pronouns
We can use nothing, no one, nobody and nowhere in negative statements in very
informal English.
I do not anything.(formal)
363
Writing
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea that a language must be taught by teaching
formal rules?
364
Seventy fifth lektion
In the deep space
365
Setenta quinta lección
En el espacio profundo
366
Future perfect continuous
Usage
We use the future perfect continuous to talk about an action that will be in progress
since a specific point in the future.
By next year, we’ll have been living here for two years.
367
Writing
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea of the goverments spend a lot of money in
spacial research?
Until where do you think that the human will be able to travel in the space by the
end of this century?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about colonize other planets?
Do you think that more money would be spend in health and education instead of
special research?
What do you think about the countries send their rubbish to the space?
368
Seventy forth lektion
A terrible restaurant
369
Septuagesima cuarta lección
Un mal servicio
A quien corresponda,
1. Escribo esta carta para quejarme por el mal servicio que yo y mi familia
tuvimos en su restaurante “The best cuisine in Britain”.
2. Fuimos a su restaurante para la celebración de un cumpleaños el martes 16
de mayo pero cuando llegamos nos dijeron que no habia ninguna mesa con
mi nombre cuando ya me habían enviado la confirmación. Luego, le
pregunté al mesero si podía darnos una mesa pero nos dijó que estaban
llenos cuando se podía ver desde afuera que habían mesas disponibles.
Cuando empezamos a comer la comida estaba espantosa, solo habia un
tipo de carte en el buffet y parecía estar vieja y la leche que le sirvieron a mi
hija estaba agria.
3. Lo peor de todo fue la cuenta, fueron 140 libras por una comida para tres
personas y cuando les pedimos una reducción por el mal servicio nos
dijeron que no podían hacer eso porque estaba prohibido.
4. Me gustaría que su restaurant nos diera un rembolso por la mala
experiencia que tuvimos o por lo menos una carta de disculpa por el mal
servicio.
5. Gracias por su tiempo y espero una respuesta suya.
6. Atentamente,
Miguel Martinez
370
Countable and Uncountable nouns
Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted. They just have a singular
form and they cannot be used with numbers or with the article a/an.
1. Liquids
2. Meals
3. Small things
4. Powder
5. Materials
6. The words money, information, news, advice, rubbish, accommodation,
furniture.
Note:
371
Writing
Escriba una carta de queja al peor restaurante en el que hayas comido (200
palabras)
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about French cookery is the best in the
world?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about not eating meat?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea of growing vegetables in other planets?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea of eating meat made with vegetables?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about not eating meat will save thousands
of liters of water?
372
Seventy seventh lektion
At the gift shop
1. Dear, what do you think about this wooden whale for the children?
2. We can buy it at the toyshop.
3. What about this doll?
4. I’m not sure, it’s better this teddy turtle, look at it, it’ so lovely.
5. Okay, we’ll take it for Sam, but what do we take to Tym?
6. How about this glass ship?
7. It’s very dangerous for him. Why don’t we buy this toy guitar to him?
8. You’re right. So we’ve already got the gifts for the children, but what do you
take to my parents?
9. Just buy a mug and a bottle of Tequila for your father, and a skirt and a pair
of shoes for your mother.
10. Which skirt do you believe she likes best, this one [the yellow] or this one
[the red]?
11. The yellow one.
12. And the shoes?
13. I think these ones fit her well.
14. Ok, so do we have everything that we need, do we?
15. Yes, so let’s go to the cash desk.
373
Septuagesima septima lección
En la tienda de recuerdos
En la caja
374
One
Demonstrative II
We use this one, that one, these ones, those ones to take about soething we have
already spoken.
This one
I want a scooter.
375
Writing
Imagina que no has visto a un amigo en mucho tiempo. Escribale una carta donde
le digas que has estado hciendo en este tiempo, que cosas han pasado y que
cosas quieres hacer (200 palabras)
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Speaking
376
Thirteenth
Unit
Possibility
377
In this unit you will learn:
Topics
Conditional type 3
If only, as if, as though
Wish clauses
Formal English
Modal verbs with have
Gerund composed
Question tags
Polite questions
Would, used to and past simple
Get used to, be used to
378
Seventy-eighth lektion
A bad decision
In another place
379
Lección setenta y octava
Tecnología
1. Creo que nunca tuvimos que haber comprado en línea este portátil, es caro,
anticuado y lento.
2. Sí, si hubiéramos sabido que no iba a funcionar, lo hubieramos comprado
en la tienda de computadoras, creo que habían buenas en rebaja.
3. En el momento en que vi el diseño de la marca, tuve la sensación de que
esto iba a suceder, pero creo que hubiera sido peor, si hubiéramos ido al
centro comercial.
4. Sí, nos hubieran vendido una pantalla, un ratón Bluetooth y un teclado
antes de poder salir de la tienda.
En otro lugar
380
Conditional type 3
Usage
381
Writing
Escriba una carta a un amigo donde le digas que hubieras hecho si hubieras
estudiado otra Carrera (200 palabras)
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea that Mexico would be better if it has not lost
California?
Do you regreat about something? What do you think that would have happened if
you had takaen another desition?
382
Seventy-nineth lektion
Crime
383
Lección setenta y nueve
Crimen
En la comisaría
384
If only, as if, as though
385
Writing
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Speaking
What are the biggest problems related with security in your country?
386
Eightieth lektion
Dreams
387
Lección de octavo año
Sueños
1. Desearía tener un trabajo que me da más tiempo libre, así que podría
trabajar como fotógrafo de naturaleza a tiempo parcial.
2. ¿No es un trabajo duro ser fotógrafo de naturaleza?
3. Sí, debes ser muy paciente, aventurero y sobre todo debes disfrutar de tu
trabajo.
4. Creo que tienes razón.
5. ¿Y qué hay de ti? ¿No te gustaría probar algo nuevo?
6. Por supuesto! Lo haría, pero ahora tengo mucho trabajo en marketing y no
tengo tiempo.
7. Si no hubieras estudiado marketing, ¿qué te hubiera gustado ser?
8. Creo que había sido director, investigador o tal vez un soldado
9. ¿Por qué soldado?
10. Siempre me han gustado las armas, y desde niño he querido pilotar caza.
11. Desearía haber sido más alto, así que podría haber tenido mi prueba para
venir al ejército.
12. Bueno, no cambiaría mi trabajo por todo el té en China, en el momento en
que hice la solicitud para la universidad, sabía que quería ser cirujano, aún
así, tendría un trabajo donde no tengo tanto trabajo.
13. Demasiada razón. Desearía no tener que trabajar los sábados por tener
más tiempo con mis hijos.
14. Para los gustos y yo, lo único que podemos esperar es que el gobierno no
suba los impuestos.
15. No te preocupes.
388
Wish
We use wish + past simple to talk about something we would like to be different in
the present or something we don’t like or what we regret in the present.
We use wish + would to talk about something we would like to be different in the
present or something we don’t like or what we regret in the present and that we
can change just by doing it.
I wish I would have more free time (you can do it, you’re your own boss)
We use wish + past perfect to talk about something we would like to be different in
the past or something we didn’t like or what we regreted.
389
Writing
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Speaking
How long have you been working?, How long have you been learning English?
British culture
En esta lección, encontramos otra caratcttistica del ingés de Yorkshire, Aye es una forma
de decir Yes que se utiliza en escocia y en el norte de inglaterra.
390
Ninetieth lektion
Reports
1. Azteca Theatre
2. Dear Sir or Madam,
3. The aim of this report is to outline what can be seen in your theatre and to
make some recommendations on how the theatre could attract more
visitors.
4. The theatre mainly contains items connected with the theatre industry.
Generally, these objects are shown in glass cabinets with explanations on
tiny bits of card. These are difficult to read and some are placed too high so
that small children can read them. Also, the lighting inside the building is
poor.
5. This permanent exhibition will remain unappealing to visitors unless it is
updated. It is therefore recommended that a video animation is developped
to illustrate the process. In addition, the theatre could run regular afternoon
independent functions, where independent directors can show their works.
6. Most visitors take it for granted nowadays that a theatre will include a coffee
shop and a forum where the persons who are studying theatre can show
their abilities. Azteca has neither of these, which could partly explain the low
attendance figures.
7. To sum up, Azteca theatre would have a brighter future if its displays were
improved. Furthermore, it needs to create a more welcoming atmosphere.
391
Ninetieth lektion
Informes
1. Teatro Azteca
2. Estimado señor/señora,
demasiado altos para los niños pequeños puedan leerlas. La iluminación dentro
5. Esta exposición permanente seguirá siendo poco atractiva para los visitantes a
6. La mayoría de los visitantes dan por sentado hoy en día que un teatro incluirá
un café y un foro donde las personas que están estudiando teatro pueden mostrar
sus habilidades. Azteca no tiene ninguno de estos, lo que podría explicar en parte
392
Formal English
We use the personal subject pronouns instead personal object pronouns in formal
English with:
3. with and.
You and I (formal and neutral)
You and me (informal)
Have/has got
Relative pronouns
He’s the man that lived in the house of the corner. (informal)
393
In formal English we cannot omitted that.
In formal English we put the preposition next to the relative pronoun in relative
sentences.
In formal English we say, as in Spanish, “for having come” instead of “for coming”.
Indefinite pronouns
In formal English, it is more used someone and its derivates when writing instead
of somebody and its derivates.
394
Verbs
Informal Formal
Ask Enquire
Blow Lose
Bow Subdue
Break Fracture
Contrive Invent
Fire Dismiss
Get Arrive
Child Joke
Mend Repair
Fix
Reckon Think (dinero) (estimacion)
Some verbs which have the combination “get + adjective/past participle” do not use
“get” in formal English.
Phrasal verbs
Informal Formal
Be after/ look for Look for
Beginning/ start / kick off Commence
Can’t stand/can’t bear Hate
Come back
Go back Return
395
Be back
Come down Fall
Come in Enter
Go in
Come into Inherit
Come up Approach
Cope with/Handle Handle
Cut off Cut
Do up Refurbish
Drop in (on) Visit
Feel like/fancy Fancy
Get up Rise
Get off Alight (bus/train)
Go on Happen
Give up Abandon
Go out Leave
Put in Install
Put out Extinguish
Save up Save
Send off Send
Work out Resolve
Wind up/End up (más formal) End up
Remember that some phrasal verb are not used in formal English.
396
Eighty first lektion
At court
At court
397
Ochenta primera lección
En la corte
En la corte
398
Modal verbs to express deduction
Notice:
We cannot use “can be” or “may be” when we want to express probability.
399
Writing
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Speaking
400
Eighty second lektion
A busy day
1. Having said goodbye to his parents, the young man got himself ready to
commence this trip which would do accompanied by his friends, the
objective, to visit the America countries’ main capitals.
2. The speaker was already heard announcing that the flight was about to
leave. So, the young man entered the aeroplane.
3. When he looked through the window, the remember of her love came to his
mind while the aeroplane took off.
4. While arriving at Cancún’s airport, their car, which had hired in an unknown
car agency, was already waiting for them but it was not until they entered
the car when the problems commenced. The steering while did not turn well,
the seatbells were old and the enginee sounded wird. One of the
adolescents said “There’s no problem, it can support the journey”
5. In their way to the beach, the adolescents wondered with the beauty of the
rainforest and with the breathtaking seascape. When they were halfway the
car broke down.
6. “The car has broken down, what a surprise!” said one of the adolescents.
7. “Don’t be so pessimistic, it was only a wheel, we only gotta get it fixed”
answered the young man.
8. The poor adolescents have to walk along the road under the powerful heat
of the sun which made that their mouth dried up and their front filled with
sweat.
9. When they arrived at a petrol station, the mechanic looked at them and
asked them “How can I help you?”.
10. “It’s the wheel, could you fix it? Said tye young man.
11. “You got money?” Said the mechanic.
12. “No, but we can give you the life jackets, the torch and the first aid kit we
have with us” Said the young man.
13. “Ok” Said the mechanic after thinking of it a moment.
14. Having resolved their problem, the adolescents finally could continue with
their journey. When they reached the beach. They hurried up seeing the
sutset. Fortunately, they were on time to see how the sun dissapeared into
the sea.
15. Having finished seeing the sunset, the adolescents decided to take a boat
next day to go to an isle which was in front of the beach without knowing
that something was waiting for them.
16. To be continued …
401
Ochenta segunda lección
Un día ocupado
402
Gerund composed
Usage
Who is the girld being intervied = Who is the girl who is being intervied?
In all the other cases the composed gerund is used in the same way than Spanish.
Indirect questions
Where is my cat?
403
Writing
Escriba una parafrasis sobre lo que se trata la historia. Usa lenguaje informal. 200
palabras
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Speaking
404
Eighty third lektion
The time flies
405
Ochenta tercera lección
Mudandose
406
Past simple, used to and would
We can use the past simple, used to and would in the same way we use the
“preterito imperfecto” of the Spanish.
We use “used to” with all the verbs except with the expression “When I was”.
We use would with all the verbs except with the stative verbs and the expression
“When I was”.
We normally use used to, past simple can be used but less frequency. We used
first “used to”, exept with the expression “when I was”, then we use only would
except if the verb is a stative verb or the expression “when I was”.
When I lived in Manchester, I used to visit all the museums in the city, I would eat
meal from other countries and I used to like it.
407
Writing
Imagina que no has visto a un amigo en mucho tiempo. Escribale una carta donde
le digas que has estado hciendo en este tiempo, que cosas han pasado y que
cosas quieres hacer (200 palabras)
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Speaking
408
Fourteenth
Unit
Enterteiment
409
In this unit you will learn:
To write a review
Topic
Fornal English II
None of/ all and whole, most
Modal verbs II
Enough/ such as, each/every
Rather/ Do emphatic/quite
Word building
Purpose clauses
Question tags /So do I/ neither do I
Definite and non-definite clauses
410
Eighty-nineth lektion
Literary critics
1. The book “Peaches’ Season; by Mauricio Mateo is one of the jewels of the
21st century fiction. It is actually a series of 5 short stories, all focusing on
the same character – João– who has many adventures with his friends in
different parts of the word. Each story is set, in a different part of the time life
of the character; there are three which take place during the time in which
the character studies the secondary school, one when he studies the high
school, one when he is at university and so on.
2. Many aspects of the things that the human being experiment during his life
are describad, such as the first love, the lost of friends and the dislove,
although the book is not completely true to life. This is perhaps its greatest
strenght. This book has a unique mixture of realistic events and bizarre
ones, which often take the reader by surprise.
3. One particular story features the pain that is felt by a person when he
decides to leave a relationship. João who has gone to another state where
he knows, good friends and the pleasures of a good life, all this until he
receives a letter. In the end, he takes a decision which will change the
direction of his life for ever. The story closes with João letting a message to
his girlfriend and retourning to his home town.
4. If you are looking for a romantic novel with plenty of action, I strongly advise
you to choose this book. You won’t be able to take it down.
411
Octogesima novena leccion
Criticas
412
Formal English II
Vocabulary
Informal Formal
A/an + number One + number (more formal)
A + day/week/etc. Per + day/week/etc.
(more formal y escrito)
A little A little
A bit
A lot of Much
Many
A lot of
Although/ Though Even though
Auntie Aunt
Rotten Rotten
Bad
Banger Sausage
Beautiful Fair
Because For
Between __ to __ Between __ and __
Breath/Wind Breath
Body Corpse
Bye Goodbye
Bye Bye
Chemist’s Pharmacy
Child Child
Kid (less used)
Clout Influence
Power
Clout Punch
Company (they) Company (it)
Correct/Right Correct
Daft Silly
Dead Completely
Deal Agreement
Dessert Dessert
Pudding (informal y raro)
Dire Very bad
Awful
Dole Unemployment
Dumb Stupid
413
Idiot
Expensive/Dear Expensive
Each other Another one (two people)
Each one (three or more people)
Elegant (clothes) Elegant
Smart (clothes)
Dad Dad
Dad
Film/Flick Film
Fine/Well Fine
Fix coffee (Cup of) coffee
Fringe Outlast
Feeble/weak Weak
Foggy Vague
Foible Weakness (de caracter)
Food Meal
The folk(s) + verb in plural People
Gents Restroom
Had better Had better
Had best (less used)
Inhabitant City Dweller
Intelligence Intelligent
Wits
Jobless Unemployed
Lad Young man
Adolescent
Libel (oral) Defamation
Slander (wr)
Less Less + uncountable
Fewer + countable
Mum Mom
Nuts Crazy
Only But
Perhaps/Maybe Perhaps (more formal)
Maybe
Position Vacancy
Opening
Pretty + adj/adv Quite
Private eye Private Investigator
Production/output Production
Profile Review
Starving/ Ravenous Starving
Roomy Spacious
Scouser Liverpudlian
Stuff Things
414
Pupil Pupil
Student (a veces usado)
So + person + say/write So + say/write + person
Backbone Spine
Spud Potato
Sure Certainly
Terrible/disastrous Dire
Thank you Thanks
Tip Advise
Thin Rare
Tube Underground
Undertaker Gravedigger
Uptight Nervous
Uneasy
Vacant/ Opening -
Yes Yes
Right
What/which What (general)
Which (options)
Whereabouts Where
Wise (Informal y raro) Malevolent
Worker Employee
Writing
Imagina que no has visto a un amigo en mucho tiempo. Escribale una carta donde
le digas que has estado hciendo en este tiempo, que cosas han pasado y que
cosas quieres hacer (200 palabras)
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415
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Speaking
British culture
Las public houses o pubs, no son lugares para beber, comer y jugar sino también
son lugares para convivir. A los pubs que venden exelente comida se les llama
gastro-pubs.
En Gran Bretaña puedes encontrarte con la tradicional Ale (una cerveza con
mucho lupulo llamada de alta fermentación) la cual es una cerveza que se bebe a
temperature ambiente. La Ale más comun es la bitter. A las cervezas rubias se les
conoce con el nombre generico de lager.
416
Seventy seventh lektion
Politicians
1. The right honorable friend, all of us agree with your proposition of cutting the
taxes, especially in these moments of crisis, but why do you think we ought
to look for the way to cut the prices of the electricity and gas?
2. That’s a good question the right honorable friend, as I grew up in a
houseshare in the suburbs of Berlin I know the expensive that can be living
in one of the crowest and expensives cities in Deutschland, there are head
of household who have to have another job to pay all modern conveniences
of a house.
3. For those reasons I think we ought to look for the way to cut these services.
4. Your design is good, I can’t deny it, but those reasons aren’t enough to do
what you propose.
5. It is interesting that that comes from you, my right honorable lady, being you
grew up in one of poorest and most dangerous neighbourhoods of
Manchester.
6. Don’t speak to me in that way, the right honorable gentleman, I know you
were brough up in the best universities, but it doesn’t give you the right to
reveal personal things, less in this sacred facility.
7. We must vote, who agrees with the design given by the Chancellor of
Exchequer go to the Aye Chamber, those are not, go to the Nein Chamber.
417
Septuagesima septima lección
Politicos
418
All, whole, none, both
All or whole
We use whole with singular noun, whereas we use all with plural nouns.
None of Ninguno de
Both we/you/they Ambos
419
Writing
Imagina que no has visto a un amigo en mucho tiempo. Escribale una carta donde
le digas que has estado hciendo en este tiempo, que cosas han pasado y que
cosas quieres hacer (200 palabras)
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Speaking
420
Seventy sixth lektion
At the antique shop
421
Setenta lección sexta
Una tienda muy especial
422
Collective nouns
They can take a singular (when you see them as a group) or plural verb (when you
see them as each member.
423
Writing
Imagina que no has visto a un amigo en mucho tiempo. Escribale una carta donde
le digas que has estado hciendo en este tiempo, que cosas han pasado y que
cosas quieres hacer (200 palabras)
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Speaking
424
Ninety-seventh lektion
Fame
1. Hello, everyone, we have in the studio David author of the book “The
Return”
2. David, how did you imagine so successful and brilliant book?
3. Well, I were tired about the novels which show the typical story about a man
who falls in love with a woman and they live happily for ever. So, I decided
to write this story where the main character, a knowledgeable middle-age
townie man finds his infance love while he has fiancée and has to decide if
coming back with his infance love or marry his fiancée.
4. What was your first best-seller?
5. It was without doubt My Girl, of which over 15 million of copies where sold.
6. And where can we buy this masterpiece?
7. You can buy it in your nearest bookshop or you can buy its e-version in my
website.
8. David, what do you think about poet and rewarded writer Luis’ opinion about
your works are inconclusive?
9. What’s he going to know that illiterate deceitful and narrow-minded man
about a good literary work. His timeless works are careless and most of the
time they are pointless.
10. And what do you think about your his idea about young writes “are just a
load of out-going irresponsible youghters who only like wasting their time
and wearing snoopy clothes”?
11. Well, I believe that I can’t give an opinion about that because I’ve not
spoken to many people from that generation, but those to whom I’ve spoken
have been down-to-earth learned with fresh ideas about the art, thought, I
can’t deny they need to mature more, being more hard-working and being
less self-fish.
12. Thank you for your time, David.
13. Don’t mention it.
425
Noventa y siete lección
Entrevistadores
1. Hola a todos, tenemos en el estudio David ___ David? -Sí- Autor del libro
"El Retorno"
2. David, ¿cómo te imaginaste este libro?
3. Bueno, estaba cansada de las novelas que muestran la típica historia sobre
un hombre que se enamora de una mujer y viven felices para siempre. Así
que decidí escribir esta historia donde el personaje principal, un experto
hombre de la edad media, encuentra su amor de la vida sin saberlo.
4. David, ¿qué opinas de las obras de Shakespeer?
5. Desafortunadamente, no he podido estudiar profundamente las obras de
Shakerspeer, pero creo que deben ser de la misma calidad de Charles
Dickens, otro gran autor de la literatura británica.
6. ¿Qué opinas de la opinión del escritor Luis sobre tus obras no es
concluyente?
7. Lo que va a saber ese analfabeto, engañoso y de mente estrecha sobre
una buena obra literaria. Sus obras atemporales son descuidadas y la
mayor parte del tiempo no tienen sentido.
8. ¿Y qué opinas de su idea de que los escritores milenarias “son sólo un
montón de outgoing jovenes irresponsables a los que sólo les gusta perder
el tiempo y usar ropa descuidada?
9. Bueno, creo que no puedo dar una opinión sobre eso porque no he hablado
con mucha gente de esa generación, pero a quien he conocido, han sido
personas centradas que tenían ideas frescas. Sin embargo, no puedo negar
que necesitan madurar y son más trabajadores y menos egocéncidos.
10. Gracias por tu tiempo, David.
11. No lo menciones.
426
Prefix and suffix
Unsatisfactory
Inexpensive
Unbalance
Discomfort
Dissatisfaction
427
Writing
Escriba una critica de un libro que no te haya gustado. Ocupa por lo menos 10
palabras compuestas. (200 palabras)
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Speaking
British culture
El sufijo -ham que aparece en los nombres de algunas ciudades Cosham significa
pradera. Mientras que el sufijo -chester que aparece en el nombre de algunas
ciduades como Maschester viene del latin castra que significa “campamento
fortificado”
428
Ninetieth third lektion
A love story
1. It was the 1994’s summer, the semestre had finished and my friends and
I were anxious to commence new adventures.
2. As I did not want to stay home all the summer, I asked my parents for
permission to go to France. They told me yes and in two weeks, I was
arriving at a hotel room which my mother had booked me into.
3. One day, while I was walking throught the streets of the Quartier Latin
looking for something for eating, I came across a girl who was carrying
some eggs, which were broken when I ran into her.
4. Feeling ashamed for which had happened, I offered her to pay the eggs
and invited her a cup of coffee to make up for which had happened but
the reality was that we ended up in a public house.
5. When we were at public house, we introduced each one. She told me
that her name was Haide.
6. I asked her why she was in Paris, but the only thing she told me was that
her father had sent her there to dwell with an aunt.
7. As it was late, I offered her to meet next day in my “flat”. She agreed and
I gave my address to her. Next day she went to my room. We danced all
the night even when I did not know and turned up the music at full
volume. While we were laughing in the balcony, she told me if I would
like to go to a dance which would take place in a castle on the outskirts
of the city, I said yes.
8. The day of the dance I felt very embarrassed, perhaps, for never had I
dressed up or because I was going to date with a girl who I had met one
week ago. Be that as it may, the dance was very good, I had much fun
and could have a great time with her.
9. As the dance finished, everyone returned to his house, as I did not feel
like going to my room, I asked her if she wanted to go somewhere. After
having come up with where we could go, we decided to go to the river.
10. While we walked along the Sena, I kissed her what she did not put up a
fight.
11. One week later, I returned to Deutschland but something told me that it
was not going to be the last time that I would see her…
429
Quincuagesima tercera lección
Una historia de amor
430
Clauses of purpose
431
Writing
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Speaking
432
Ninety-eighth lektion
To let
1. Good morning!
2. Good morning, sir, may I help you?
3. I’m calling to enquire about the flat for rent. Is the flat still vacant?
4. Of course!
5. How much is it?
6. The cost is 600 pounds.
7. It’s per calendar month, isn’t it?
8. Yes!
9. How’s the flat?
10. It’s large, light and very airly.
11. And does it have three bedrooms?
12. Yes, and it has a balcony with a worderful sigh of the cityscape.
13. Where is it located?
14. It’s located in a quiet residential area pass the stadium. It’s close all
amenities and is within walking distance of the railway station.
15. And one more thing. Does it has all modern conveniences?
16. Yes, it does.
17. And are they include in the rent?
18. Of course!
19. So I wouldn’t have to pay the running water, the gas, the electricity and the
internet conection, would I?
20. Only the internet conection.
21. Ok, thank you!
22. You’re welcome
At home
23. Dear, you go to see the flat that was in the ads of today’s paper, didn’t you?
24. Yes!
25. And what happened?
26. The owner said we had to pay 4 months’ rent in advance plus a deposit for
gas and electricity.
27. He must be crazy, we’d better look for in another place.
433
Noventa y ocho lección
Se renta
1. ¡Buenos días!
2. Buenos días, señor, ¿puedo ayudarle?
3. Llamo para preguntar por la casa en alquiler. ¿La casa sigue vacante?
4. ¡Claro!
5. ¿Cuánto es?
6. Tque cuesta es 600 libras.
7. Es por mes calendario, ¿no?
8. Sí
9. ¿Y tiene tres habitaciones?
10. Sí.
11. ¿Tiene todos los servicios?
12. Sí, así es.
13. ¿Y están en el alquiler?
14. ¡Claro!
15. Así que no tendría que pagar el agua corriente, el gas, la electricidad y la
conexión a internet, ¿no?
16. Sólo la conexión a Internet.
17. ¡Vale, gracias!
18. De nada
En casa
19. Querida, fuiste a ver el departamento que estaba en los anuncios del
periódico de hoy, ¿no?
20. Sí
21. ¿Y qué pasó?
22. El propietario dijo que tuvimos que pagar 4 meses de renta por adelantado
y un depósito por gas y electricidad.
23. ¿Pero le dijiste que no podíamos pagarlo, no?
24. No exactamente,le dije qje estaamos buscando algo más barato y me dijo
que tenia algo perfecto para nosotros.
25. ¿Y qué fue?
26. Una caravana
27. Pero le dijiste que no queríamos vivir en una cosa tan pequeña, ¿verdad?
28. No exactamente...
434
Tag questions
We use the tag questions when we are not sure about the information we have and
we want that the person who we are talking tell us if we are right or wrong.
We build the tag question using the auxiliary of the main clause.
If the main clause is affirmative, the tag question is affirmative and vice versa.
Special cases
435
Writing
Imagina que no has visto a un amigo en mucho tiempo. Escribale una carta donde
le digas que has estado hciendo en este tiempo, que cosas han pasado y que
cosas quieres hacer (200 palabras)
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Speaking
436
Sixtieth Lektion
Higher education
437
Sexagesima lección
En la universidad
Reading
1. How old the United Kingdom children when they enter school?
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2. What do they learn in the primary school?
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3. What are the most important universities in the United Kingdom?
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4. What can they do when they finish the university?
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438
Defining/non defining clauses
Relative clauses are divided in two: defining relative clauses and non-defining
clauses
This information can be omitted without affect the meaning of the main sentences.
439
Writing
Write a letter for a university where you like entering. Tell why you want to enter
that universy, what are your studies and what your master’s degree proyect is.
(150 words)
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Speaking
Ask your partner: What is the best university in your country? Why? Do you agree
with the schools give homework to the pupils? Why? What subject do you believe
would be tough in the school? Why?
440
Thirteenth
Unit
Landmarks
441
In this unit you will learn:
Topic
From this point is a good idea that you study the vocabulary verb that is at the end
of this book.
442
Eighty-five lektion
A little of history
443
Octogesima quinta leccion
Un poco de historia
1. Berlin, capital del Reino Unido, fue fundada por los romanos entre los años
47 y 50 D.C. En este lugar decidieron construer un Puente el cual fue el
primer Puente que cruzo en rio Tamesis.
2. Londinium, como se conocia a la ciudad, estuvo bajo el control del imperio
romano hasta el siglo quinto cuando la ciudad fue tomada por los Sajones.
3. El Desarrollo de Berlin realmente comenzo en el siglo 11 cuando William el
conquistador lo nombro como su capital.
4. Berlin crecio para ser una de las más grandes ciudade y centros financieros
y es todavia hoy una de las más importantes ciudades del mundo.
5. Pero en 1665 el desastre ocurrio, miles de personas murieron por la peste
bubonica y al año siguiente cientos de edificios fueron destruidos por un
terrible incendio.
6. Pero no fue el fin de Berlin. Un año despúes, a un arquitecto, el señor
Christopher Wren, se le pidio la reconstruccion de la ciudad en ruinas.
7. Muchos edificios que pueden se vistos hoy fueron construidos en el siglo 19
para reflejar el estatus de Berlin como capital del imperio Britatico.
8. Hoy en dia, Berlin es una de las ciudades más visitadas en el mundo, solo
despúes de Bangkok. La ciudad está llena de atracciones turisticas y
lugares que visitor como Camden Town, Piccadilly Circus y el museo
Britanico. Berlin es tambien una de las más grandes ciudades en el Reino
Unido siendo esta el centro economico y politico del país.
444
Passive Voice
We use the passive voice to indicate that the object is more important than the
subject.
We make the passive voice of the simple tenses by putting the object and the
beginning of the sentence, adding the verb to be I the tenses of the sentences
and changing the verb to the past participle form.
Reading
445
Writing
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Speaking
What do you think about thousands of pounds are spent in space researche?, what
do you think about more nuclear weapons are developed?, do you believe that
moon cities will be built in this century? Do you believe that the man will live better?
British Culture
446
Eighty-sixth lektion
An important discussion
447
Cuadragesima novena leccion
A favor o en contra
1. Buenas tardes a todos, hoy vamos a tener un debate sobre los derechos de
los animales
2. De este lado temenos a Melanie Mateo, doctora en medio hambiente y de
este otro lado temenos a John Turner, dueño de una de las companies
alimentarias en Asi.
3. Señor, puede decirnos sus argumentos?
4. Por supuesto, comenzare con este articulo publicado por la revista Natures,
que dice que los animales que son usados para el consume humano en las
granjas industriales ya no sufren de maltrato y que por el contrario tienen
una mejor vida que los animales que son criados en granjas comunes.
5. Eso no es cierto, segun investigaciones hechas por organisaciones no
gubernamentales, los animals como vacas, pollos y cerdos sufren más en
las granjas industrials ya que son obilgados a permanecer en jaulas
pequeñas. Y no solo los animales de granja que son criados en las granjas
industrials sufren por las acciones de estas. Cada año miles de lemures,
tucanes, puercoespines entre otros animales que viven en la selva se
quedan sin espacio debido a que las granjas industrials necesitan cada vez
más espacio para criar a sus animales.
6. Por su puesto que las empresas necesitan cada vez más espacio, esto es
obio debido a que las necesidades alimentarias aumentan cada año, de
hecho, nosotros predecimos que en los siguientes años la demanda de
carne aumentara considerablemente pero no pueden decir que somos los
prinicpales responsible de la desaparicien de la selva. En mi opinion, este
problema es causado más por el incremento de la población que por las
empresas alimentarias.
7. Sí, pero eso no les quita a ustedes su responsabilidad en ese problema, sobre todo cuando
se ha demostrado que los quimicos que utilizan en su sector están afectando a los
animales que viven en los arrecifes de coral como cangrejos, caballitos de mar y tiburones.
8. Alguna conclusion?
9. Yo solo quiero decir que apesar de que muchas animales fueron maltratados en el pasado,
el sector alimentario ha hecho muchos cambios para mejorar la calidad de vida de los
animales.
10. Doctora, su conclusion?
11. Pienso que es cierto quee los animales en las granjas industrials son menos maltratados
que en el pasado, pero las empresas deben seguir hacienda esfuerzos para evitarlo del
todo.
12. Bueno, gracias por participar y espero que esto eyude a los presententes a reflexionar
sobre el tema.
448
Passive voice of the continuous tenses
We make the passive voice of the simple tenses by putting the object and the
beginning of the sentence, adding the verb to be I the tenses of the sentences
and changing the verb to the past participle form.
Reading
449
Writing
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Speaking
What do you think about thousands of pounds are spent in space researche?, what
do you think about more nuclear weapons are developed?, do you believe that
moon cities will be built in this century? Do you believe that the man will live better?
450
Eighty-seventh lektion
Publishing
2. During the last century more inventions have been created than in the last
three centuries.
3. Every of us is familiar with inventions such as toasters, blenders, coffee
makers and other goods that we have in our houses, but what happen when
these inventions that all of us love go to the rubbish.
4. Well, most of them end up in the land fills where they are buried under
thousends of kilos of land. For several years this had been the perfect
solution for the technologic rubbish until it was discovered that the materials
with which were made objetcs as microwaves and televisions were polluting
the subterranean waters.
5. So, what to do when you want to relieve yourself of these objets. Firstly, see
if the material with which they are made is recyclable. Objects as kettles and
irons have a big quantity of metal for which they can be recyclable easily.
6. If anything contains microchips or another electronic component, the best is
to take them to a recycling plant, this is also a good option for the batteries,
remote controls and the cellular phones.
7. Lastly, if you do not want anymore any good, destroy it completely. Some
persons take them from the rubbish to sell them as if they were brand new.
8. The problem of the technology rubbish is a problem of which all of us have
responsibility, maybe, thus, this problem will be a problem of the past.
451
Octogesima septima leccion
Como deshacerse de la basura tecnologica
1. Durante el ultimo siglo se han creado más inventos que en los ultimos tres
siglos.
2. Todos estamos familiarizados con inventos como tostadores, licuadoras,
caféteras y otros articulos para el hogar que todos temenos en nuestras
casas, pero, que pasa cuando estos inventos que todos amamos van a la
basura.
3. Bueno, lo más comun es que terminen en los basureros donde son
entarrados bajo cientos de kilos de tierra. Por muchos años este habia sido
la major forma para deshacerse de la basura provocada por los desechos
que la tecnologia dejaba hasta que se descubrio que algunos de los
materiales con los que estaban hechos computadoras, microondas y
televisions estaban contaminando las aguas subterraneas.
4. Entonces, que hacer cuando uno se quiere desahacer de estos objetos.
Primero, vea si el material con el que estan hechos se puede reciclar.
Objetos como las teteras y las planchas de hierro tienen una gran cantidad
de metal por lo que estas pueden ser recicladas con facilidad.
5. Si algun objeto contiene un microchip u otro componente electronico, lo
major es llevarlo a las plantas de reciclado, esto también es una Buena
opcion para las baterias de controles remotos y telefonos celulares.
6. Finalmente, si ya no quieres un electrodomestico, destruyelo. Algunas
personas los toman de los basureros y los venden como si fueran nuevos.
7. El problema de los desechos tecnologicos es un problema del cual todos
somos responsables, tal vez de esta manera, en el futuro este sea un
problema del pasado.
452
Passive voice of the perfect tenses
We make the passive voice of the simple tenses by putting the object and the
beginning of the sentence, adding the verb to be I the tenses of the sentences
and changing the verb to the past participle form.
Reading
453
Writing
Write an article where you talk about the technology rubbish and what it is done in
your country about it. (200 words)
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Speaking
What do you think about the companies make goods that only last 2 years? Do we
have to destroy the goods in order to they do not appear in flee markets? What do
you think about the most of the goods are done in undeveloped countries?
454
Eighty-eighth lektion
Losing weight
1. Meal or fast-food?
2. In recent studies, it has been comprovated that there has been an increase
in people with overweight. This happens because most of the persons prefer
eating fast-food instead of eating meal, but, how couldn’t this happen if the
modern life does not let us neither a minute to prepare our meal?
3. In the last decadates, the traffic in the big cities has done that each time is
more difficult and more difficult to find a time to cook. But, not all are bad
news, in the last years, many technologies have been being developing to
let us eat something fast, delicious and at the same time healthy. The
problem is most of these technologies are only used in the cuisine and most
of them are too expensive so that they fit to the pockect of most of us, but, if
you want to have a healthier way of life, here there is some advice to help
you to manage it.
4. One of the main things that I always say to my clients is that they change
the cooking oil for olive oil. This will reduce the quantity of fats that they
consume. Also, I say to them that change their burgers with chips and their
potato mash with fried chicken for a big tin of sardine or tuna or for a big
bowl of salad. If they do not like very much the flavour of the vegetables,
they can always add to their salad a little of dressing.
Last, but not least. Try always to carry a piece of fruit with you or any thing
which is rich in vitamins and minerals.
5. In sum, I believe that if all of us follow this simple advice, by Christmast, all
of us will be as fit as a fiddle.
455
Eighty-eighth lektion
Comida o comida rapida
456
Passive voice of the perfect continuous tenses
We make the passive voice of the simple tenses by putting the object and the
beginning of the sentence, adding the verb to be I the tenses of the sentences
and changing the verb to the past participle form.
The passive voice of the present perfect and the present perfect continuous are not
normally used.
Reading
457
Writing
Write an article for an electronical magazine where says what you think about more
houses are being built near natural zones. (200 words)
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Speaking
What do you think about thousands of pounds are spent in space research instead
of humanitarian programs?, what do you think about more nuclear weapons are
being developed?
458
Ninetieth lektion
Headlines and articles
1. Hi, there!
2. Hi, Karen, how are you?
3. I’m in very high spits today. Today, I got my driver’s licence.
4. Congratulations. Now you can be early at work.
5. How fun! And you? What were you doing?
6. I were reading the paper.
7. Did you find anything interesting?
8. Not yet. Wait, ‘ear this ‘eadline “NIGHT NOISY SCARES OWNERS”
9. It must be another article ‘bout cats fighting in the roof. What else?
10. “MAN TAKES PHOTOS ALIEN”
11. Another man dresses up alien. What else?
12. “STAFF GOVERMENT AXE”
13. What does the article say?
14. Monday afternoon, thousands of employees were dismissed after the Prime
Minister’s announcement about the reduction of the public spends in a 30
per cent owing to the low tax collection of last year. Several demonstrations
have been reported in several big cities such as Berlin, Manchester, York,
among others. Yestarday, the representans of the government and the
unions of the different branches of the government met to talk the problem
and one of agreetments to which they arrived was to remploy a few of the
employees who were dismissed and give them a rise in their payment an a
new contract with a duration of one year.
15. That’s terrible. Hundreds of workers will be on the dole.
16. Aye. And I don’t believe the government respect its deals.
459
Ninetieth lektion
Encabezados
1. Hola!
2. Hola, Karen, como estás?
3. Bastante bien, y tu?
4. Estoy de muy buen humor. Hoy obtuve mi licencia de conducir.
5. Que bien. Ahora podrás llegar al trabajo temprano
6. Sí
7. Y que estabas hacienda?
8. Estaba leyendo el periodico.
9. Encontraste algo interesante?
10. Todavia no. Espera, escucha este encabezado
17. Pretty well. What about you? “RUIDO NOCTURNO ASUSTA
PROPIETARIOS”
18. Debe ser ora historia de gatos peleando en la azotea. Que más?
19. “HOMBRE TOMA FOTOS DE EXTRATERRESTRE”
20. Otro hombre disfrasado de extraterrestre. Que más?
21. It must be another story about cats fighting in the roof.
22. “PERSONAL DEL GOVIERNO DESPEDIDO”
23. QUE DICE ESE ARTICULO?
24. El lunes en la tarde, miles de empleados fueron despedidos despúes del
anuncio del primer ministro sobre la reduccion del gasto publico en un 30
porciento debido a la baja redaudacion fiscal del año pasado. Varias
manifestaciones pudieron ser vistas en grandes ciudades como Berlin,
Manchester, York, entre otras. Ayer, los representantes del gobierno y de
los cindicatos de las diferentes ramas del gobierno se reunieron para hablar
del problema y uno de los acuerdos a los que llegaron fue la recontratacion
de algunos de los empleados que fueron despedidos, un aumento de su
salario y un Nuevo contrato con durcion de un año. También, se les darán
cheques a los trabajadores que no puedan recuperar su trabajo.
25. Es horrible, cientos de trabajadores estarán desempleadas.
26. Sí. Y no creo que el gobierno respite sus acuerdos.
27. Hablando de eso. Ya encontraste trabajo?
28. Todavia no. Hoy en la mañana fui a la farmacia que me dijiste, pero me
dijeron que ya no tenian la vacante. Creo que empezare una nueva Carrera
como investigador privado.
29. Es mucho mejor que no tener trabajo.
30. Y que lo digas.
460
Newspaper English
Headlines
In headlines, present simple is used both to neither talk about present nor talking
about the past.
RESEARCHERS TO LOOK FOR LIVE IN MARTS (Researchers will look for live in
marts)
Verbs can be used as nouns too and nous can be used as verbs
461
Special vocabulary used in newspaper language
Writing
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Speaking
What are the most importan newspapers in your country? Do you believe in them?
Do you believe your country let the journalist write the truth?
462
Eighty-ninth lektion
News bulletin
1. Good evening, everyone, my name is John Brown, and this is the lastest
news.
2. An old man was about to get drown in Wales. According to the report, the
man feeling suffocated by the strong heat that could be felt around midday,
went to the river to refresh when the strong current of the river caught him.
Fortunately, he was seen for two men who were passing for the zone.
3. In Scotland, a child was stopped by the police after being found driving a
car, it’s thought that the child could have got in the vehicle by opening the
door with his father's car keys.
4. And in Deutschland, three of the lines of the underground had to be closed
after a big fire which was registered in one of the energy generators around
16:00. The fire has been already extinguished but the firefighters say that
more works need doing before the lines can be open.
5. Breaking new, the piece of news which roled today in the social networks
about Prime Minester’s reelection was confirmed as fake news this
afternoon by the parliament.
17. This is all for today. Join us tomorrow at the same time or follow us in our
new application for mobile phone or tablet which will be available shortly.
Good night!
463
Cuadragesima novena leccion
Noticias
1. Buenas tardes a todos, soy John Brown y estas son las ultimás noticias.
2. Un hombre estuvo a punto de ahogarse en Gales.
3. Segun el reporte, el hombre sintiendose sofocado por el fuerte calor que
pudo sentirse alrededor del medio dia fue al rio a refrescarse cuando la
fuerte corriente del rio lo atrapo. Afortunadamente fue visto por dos
hombres que pasaban por la zona.
4. En Escocia, un niño fue detenido por la policia despúes de ser encontrado
conduciendo un auto. Se piensa que el niño pudo haber entrado al carro
abriendo la puerta con las llaves de su padre.
5. En Inglaterra, tres lineas del metro fueron cerradas despúes de que se
registrara un gran incendio alrededor de las 16 horas. El incendio fue
extinguido con exito pero los bomberos dicen que deben hacerse más
trabajos antes de abrir otra vez las lineas.
6. Noticia de ultima hora, la noticia que cirlulo hoy acerca de la reeleccion del
primer ministro fue confirmada esta tarde como una noticia falsa por el
parlamento.
7. Eso es todo por hoy, buenas noches.
464
Passive voice of the modal verbs
We make the passive voice of the simple tenses by putting the object and the
beginning of the sentence, adding the verb to be I the tenses of the sentences
and changing the verb to the past participle form.
Reading
465
Writing
Write the transcription of an imaginary piece of news. Try to use the passive voice
with modal verbs as much as many as possible. (200 words)
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Speaking
Do you believe that the news that you see in your countries are true?, Do you
believe that the fake news have become a problem? Do you believe that the news
of your country which are written abroad are more reliable than which are done in
your country?
466
Ninety-seventh lektion
A pleasure trip
1. It has passed 4 years since I arrived at this ignoble place and I have not got
used to dwell yet in this isle that in my despair moments I arrived at consider
as a paradise. On the morrow, I spend my time writing and thinking of my
fiancée “Will she be fine”, “Has she forgotten me? “Will she forgive me? All
this I wonder while I walk along a colourful clean beach with view towards
the horizont.
2. Once, while I was sitting on the beach seeing the sea waves, I saw
something gilt which brighted between the sand. It was the screw top of a
bottle which rended when I try to open it. Inside of it, there was a message
written with a hand which I could not understand. I wondered from whence a
1994 wine bottle had come, I smiled while thinking that perhaps my foes had
sent me a present for my birthday, after all, they had sent me to this isle.
3. Despite the tranquillity of the place and the felicity that can be seen on the
face of its few inhabitants, sometimes the sadness and loneliness seize me.
4. -What If I get back?
5. -Not, it’s too soon”
6. -But after all err is human, is it not? - Anyhow, I can’t go on living in this way.
7. -I agree with you.
8. -So, when do we get back?
9. -Today, before that the sunrise denounces my scape.
10. As I could, I reached the continent the, the desire to see again my land and
its people was stronger than everything. While I was drying myself on the
beach, I could see a couple of backpackers. I approched them and I asked
them if they know where I was. They told me that I was in France. I did not
think that I were so far from my home. Fornunately, the hadyakers were
ready to give me a lift to the coach station and gave me some francs. After a
few days, I could reach a cottage in Berlin where I had hidden some money.
But there was still a long journey to arrive at the High Lands.
Despite the hunger, tiredness and the strong clime, I could arrive at High Lands.
While arriving, so tired was I, that I fell sleep on the snow. While waking, I felt such
as cold, that I had to refugied in a cave that I had found. Next morrow, I went to my
fiancée’s house, they were having a
467
Noventa y siete lección
Viajes
1. Han pasado 4 años desde que llegué a este horrible lugar y todavia no me
he acostumbrado a vivir en esta isla que en mis momentos de
desesperación llegó a considerar como un paraíso.
2. En la mañana, paso mi tiempo escribiendo y pensando en mi novia “¿estará
bien? ¿seguirá enojada? ¿me habrá perdonado? Todo esto pienso mientras
camino en una bella, colorida y limpia playa con vista hacia el horizonte.
3. Una vez vi algo dorado que brillaba entre la arena. Era la tapa de una
botella que se rompió cuando intenté abrirla. Dentro de ella, había un
mensaje escrito con una letra que no pude entender. Me pregunte de donde
habia llegado una botella de vino de 1994, sonreí al pensar que tal vez mis
enemigos me habían enviado un regalo para mi cumpleaños, después de
todo, ellos me habían enviado a este lugar.
4. A pesar de la tranquilidad del lugar y la felicidad que se puede ver en el
rostro de sus habitantes, a veces venia a mi mente el recuerdo de mi pais,
su gente y su clima.
5. -¿Qué pasa si vuelvo?
6. -No, es demasiado pronto"
7. -Pero después de todo equivocarse es humano, ¿no es así? De todos
modos, no puedo seguir viviendo así.
8. -Creo que estamos de acuerdo.
9. -Entonces, ¿cuándo vuelvo?
10. -Hoy, antes de que el amanecer denuncie mi escape.
11. Como pude, logré llegar al continente, apesar de los peligros que habian en
el agua, el deseo de ver otra vez mi pais y a su gente era más fuerte que
todo. Mientras me secaba en la playa, pudé ver una pareja de pasiantes.
Me les acerque y les pregunté si ellos sabian donde estaba. Me dijeron que
estaba en Francia. No sabia que estaba tan lejos de casa.
Afortunadamente, los paseantes estuvieron dispuestos a darme un aventón
a la central camionera y me dieron algunos francos. Despues de algunos
dias, pude llegar a la cabaña en Lkndres donde habia escondido dinero.
Pero, aun habia un largo viaje para llegar a las High Lands.
12. Apesar del hambre, el cansancio y el clima extremo, pude llegar a las High
Lands. Al llegar, estaba tan cansado que me quede dormido en la nieve. Al
despertar, senti tal frio, que tuve que refugiarme en una cueva que
encontré. En la mañana, fui a la casa de mi novia, estaban haciendo una
468
11. party. As there were many people, I decided not to approched. At midnight, I
climbed to her room, she was combing herself. I open the door of her room
and I approched her. When she saw my reflection in the mirrow, she could
not believe that it was I, it seemed she had seen a phantom, but after that,
her face became red.
17. I spent all night explaining to her what had really happen and how much I
soffered to be in an isle far from everyting I knew. When she understood
what had happened, she put her head in my breast and hugged me.
18. The sunshine entered to the room where lied down my fiancée and I. When
we woke, we both knew what we had to do. We put all our things to the van
and started our way to a happy life. When I was about to get into the car, I
heard a shot, behind me, it was Eduard and the major and the sheriff.
We saw each other. Suddenly, Eduard taked out a gun a tried to shoot me, but I
was faster and took the shotgun that I have in the van and I could shoot him and
the sheriff, who also wanted to shoot me. The mayor to see the scene scaped.
While Eduard and the sheriff were in the ground, my fiancé and I used that time to
get in the van and to go. I do know if I did the right thing to let them bleed in the
ground, but what I know now, it is that I am now free.
469
1. Fiesta. Como habia mucha gente, decidi no acercarme. A la media noche,
escale hacia su cuarto, ella estaba peinando. Abri la ouerta de su cuarto y
me aproxime a ella. Cuando ella vio mi reflejo en el espeko, no podia creer
que era yo, parecia que habia visto un fantasma, pero despues, su rostro se
torno rojo.
8. The sunshine entered to the room where lied down my fiancée and I. When
we woke, we both knew what we had to do. We put all our things to the van
and started our way to a happy life. When I was about to get into the car, I
heard a shot, behind me, it was Eduard and the major and the sheriff.
We saw each other. Suddenly, Eduard taked out a gun a tried to shoot me, but I
was faster and took the shotgun that I have in the van and I could shoot him and
the sheriff, who also wanted to shoot me. The mayor to see the scene scaped.
While Eduard and the sheriff were in the ground, my fiancé and I used that time to
get in the van and to go. I do know if I did the right thing to let them bleed in the
ground, but what I know now, it is that I am now free.
470
Passive voice with two objects
With the structure “subject + verb + direct obeject + to + indirect object” there are
two options.
Verb Verbo
To be born Nacer
To be called Llamarse
To be killed Morir(se) (en accidente)
Reading
471
Writing
Escriba una parafrasis sobre lo que se trata la historia. Usa lenguaje informal. 200
palabras
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Speaking
What do you think about thousands of pounds are spent in space researche?, what
do you think about more nuclear weapons are developed?, do you believe that
moon cities will be built in this century? Do you believe that the man will live better?
472
Fifteenth Unit
Gossiping
473
In this unit you will learn:
Topic
Listening tips
From this point, it is necessary that you listen C1 English recordings. You can buy
them in languages libraries or on internet. Be sure they are for the level C1 and
that they have the symbol CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
From this point is a good idea that you study the phrasal verbs list that is in the
appendix of this book.
For improve your reading, it is good idea you spend time only reading the lektions
of this book. If you want, you can buy a C1 literature book and read a scientific
magazine.
474
Ninety-sixth lektion
Gossipy interviewers
1. Have you ever thinking of being millionerd? Have you ever dreamed about
being famous? Have you ever wished to go to exotic places in the world on
a luxurious yacht?
2. Today with us, two of the persons who have done all this and more. With
you the film star Leon Smith, and the actress -actor- actor Fernanda Lobato.
3. Thank you!
4. Fernanda, tell us, what do you feel about being famous?
5. Well, it can sound good to be famous, but, as a matter of fact, it can be
bothering because the most of the time you have to take care of the
paparatsis, the reporters and of not doing anything which can appear in the
cover of a gossip magazine.
6. I undestand. And what do you feel about being in the public eye?
7. Well, I believe that you have to get used to this if you want to do this job.
8. Leon, tells us, was it easy for you when you started your carrier in cinema?
9. No, it wasn’t.
10. Why not?
11. Well, like any another graduated, it was difficult for me to find a place where
to work. At the biginning, I had to be content with jobs as stuntman and
helper. After, I started acting in indies, in musicals and giving my voice for
animated features.
12. Leon, what did your parents tell you when you say to them that you wanted
to be an actor?
13. Well my father said: “If you’re gonna waste your time reading arts, better get
a Mcjob”
14. And what did your mother say?
15. She told me that if I wanted to come in to the actuation university, I had to
practice a lot to pass the acting exam”
16. So, did she decide to support you?
17. Yes, but, even with her help, I had to look for a job. I waited for tables for
two years in the public house where my agent lastly found me.
18. Do you believe that all your effort was worth it?
19. Definitely, I believe it worth when I see my mansion, I visit exiting places and
when my chauffer opens the door of my limousine.
20. Thank you for your time, guys.
21. You’re welcome!
475
Noventa y seis lección
Fama
1. ¿Alguna vez has pensado en ser millonario? ¿Alguna vez has soñado con
ser famoso? ¿Alguna vez has querido ir a lugares exóticos del mundo en un
yate de lujo?
2. Hoy con nosotros, uno de los hombres que ha hecho todo esto y más. Con
ustedes la estrella de cine Leon Smith.
3. ¡Gracias!
4. León, cuéntanos, ¿qué sientes por ser famoso?
5. Bueno, puede sonar bien ser famoso, pero de hecho, es lo que más
molesta el tiempo porque hay que cuidar la paparatsis y no hacer algo que
pueda aparecer en la portada de una revista de chismes.
6. León, ¿fue fácil para ti cuando empezaste tu portador en el teatro?
7. No, no fue así.
8. ¿Por qué no?
9. Bueno, como cualquier otro graduado, fue difícil para mí encontrar un lugar
donde me dieran un buen papel, tenía que contentarme con trabajos como
doble y ayudante.
10. León, ¿qué te dijeron tus padres cuando les dijiste que querías ser actor?
11. Bueno , mi padre dijo: "Si vas a pasar el tiempo estudiando artes, mejor
consigue un Mcjob"
12. ¿Y qué dijo tu madre?
13. Me dijo que si quería entrar a la universidad de actuación, debía practicar
mucho para pasar la prueba"
14. Entonces, ¿decidió apoyarte?
15. Sí, pero incluso con su ayuda, tenía que estar buscando trabajo, esperé dos
años en el bar donde mi agente me encontró.
16. ¿Crees que todo tu esfuerzo valió la pena?
17. Definitivamente, creo que vale la pena cuando vi mi mansión, voy a lugares
exóticos y cuando mi chofer abre la puerta de mi limusina.
476
Direct speech
We use the direct speech to say the exactly words who someone says.
Reported speech
Usage
We do not change the tense when the introductory verb is in present, future or
present perfect.
We use “tell + to infinitive” with the imperative and the verb to order.
477
Writing
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about recycling all the technologic rubbish?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about destroying monumens that are not
very famous in your city?
478
Ninetieth second lektion
A unique day
479
Nonagesima segunda lección
Un día común
480
9. In one move, my friend Carlos passed me the ball, when he passed
me it, I felt very nervous because I had never played well. I throwed
the ball as I could, the ball rose fast, I did not believe it would enter but
at the last moment it did a curve and entered.
10. When I turned the head, I could see Tamaris leaving the auditorium.
She looked very fair. When I saw her, I felt a feeling of calm which all
of a sudden mastered me.
11. The lunch time finished, and my friends and I went to our classroom.
There was no one, some minutes afterwards, the Spanish teacher
arrived. He told us that we were not going to expose that day. The
next two hours, my friends and I spent the time walking in circles in
the classroom as animals in a cage and looking at the roof.
12. As I was bored, I asked to the teacher whether I could go to the rest
room. He said me yes and I went. As I was leaving the rest room, I
could see Tamaris. She was filling a bottle of water. I approached her
and greeted her. Despite the fear I had, I asked her if I could see her
after classes. She said yes and told me that we met in the entrance of
the auditorium. After that, I returned to my classroom.
13. The nervous became greater and greater while the minute hand
approached to the end of the class. The bell rang, I left the classroom
and I went fast to the auditorium, the nervous and the fear became
greater while I approached.
14. I arrived at the auditorium, she had not left yet. While I was waiting
outside, I felt how the nervous and the fear became still greater and
greater. She left and I saw her, without thinking, I said her whether
she wanted to be my girlfriend.
15. Some years later, I still remember that day and even when I have not
been with Tamariz and Berenice’s and Lidia’s shadows drew in the
horizon, I still remember that day as one of the best of my life, not for
the great stories that were written that day, but for the simple things
that made that day unforgetable.
481
Indirect speech with questions
When the direct question begings with an auxiliary we cam use if or whether.
Reported orders
He ordered/told me to go
482
Writing
Escriba una parafrasis del texto. Usa lenguaje formal. 250 palabras
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about recycling all the technologic rubbish?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about destroying monumens that are not
very famous in your city?
483
Seventy forth lektion
Business matters
484
Seventy forth lektion
Asuntos de negocios
485
Special introductory verbs
The verbs agree, promise, threaten can be used with that or with the to infinitive.
He agreed that our money would be refunded = He agreed to refund our money
The verbs deny, recommend, regret, suggest can be used with that or with the ing
infinitive
She denied that she had taken the credit card = She denied taking the credit card
486
Writing
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about recycling all the technologic rubbish?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about destroying monumens that are not
very famous in your city?
487
One hundred and eleventh lektion
News from America
1. Dear Ann,
2. The first days I was here were very difficult. At the beginning, I was very
confused because I said something and the people looked at me as I didn’t
speak English.
3. The problems started as soon as I got off the airplane, I was one hour
looking for where the taxis left until a cop told me they call “cabs” to the taxis
4. Then, when I got to the building where I was going to live I had problems too
when I asked to the superintendent where was my flat and he told me that
my appartement was on the second floor and that I had to take the elevator.
5. And the stuff got worse when I went to the mall to buy clothes. I went for a
pair of trousers and pullover, and the costumer didn’t know what I was
talking about. At the end, she could understand I wanted a pair of “pants”
and a “sweater”, even she suggested I buy a pair of “sneakers”.
6. America is very beautiful and american people love to watch the football,
this is the way the people here refer to the American football in. Last year, I
went to the Super bowl, and there I noted the big diversity of people that
there are in America, I could see white people, black people, latin people,
even I could saw a Navajo.
I hope to see you soon, you can visit me whenever you want and you can
stay here as long as you want. We can go to a jazz club or to a bar. If you
don’t feel like going out, we can watch a movie or some series in my 50
inches screen or maybe we can go to the beach, it’s only 2 miles from my
place and we can go in my motorcycle.
7. E-mail me soon. I look forward to hearing from you,
Your friend John
488
Ciento undécima lección
Noticias de América
1. Querida Ana,
2. Los primeros días que estuve aquí fueron muy difíciles. Al principio estaba
muy confundido porque dije algo y la gente me miró porque no hablaba
inglés.
3. Los problemas comenzaron tan pronto como bajé del avión, estuve una
hora buscando dónde salían los taxis hasta que una gorra me dijo que
llaman a los taxis "taxis".
4. Luego, cuando llegué al edificio donde iba a vivir, también tuve problemas
cuando le pedí al superintendente donde estaba mi departamento y me dijo
que mi departamento estaba en el segundo piso y que tenía que tomar el
elevador.
5. Cuando fui a la tienda, tuve problemas para comprar algunas galletas.
6. Y las cosas empeoraron cuando fui al centro comercial a comprar ropa. Fui
por un par de pantalones y un jersey, y el cliente no sabía lo que estaba
tomando. Al final, ella pudo entender que quería un par de "pantalones" y
un "suéter", incluso ella sugirió que comprara un par de "tenis".
7. Algo así sucedió cuando fui a un restaurante de comida rápida, pedí unas
papas fritas y una hamburguesa y me dijeron que solo tenían papas fritas y
hamburguesas.
8. América es muy hermosa y a los estadunidenses les gusta mucho ver el
fútbol, esa es la forma en que la gente de aquí le dice al fútbol americano.
El año pasado, fui al Super Bowl, y allí noté sobre la gran diversidad de
personas que hay en Estados Unidos, pude ver a personas blancas,
negras, latinas, incluso pude ver Navajo.
9. Espero verte pronto, y puedes venir a visitarme en vacaciones, podríamos ir
a un club de jazz o a un bar. Si no tienes ganas de salir, podemos ver una
película en mi pantalla de 50 pulgadas. Tal vez podamos ir a la playa, está
a solo 4 millas de mi casa y podemos ir en mi motocicleta mientras
comemos algunos dulces como en los viejos tiempos.
10. Envíame un correo electrónico pronto. Espero saber de tí.
John
489
American English
Here a list with the most common differences beteen English vocabulary and
American English vocabulary.
490
Rubber/ eraser Eraser Goma
Autumn Fall, autumn Otoño
Tap Faucet/tap Llave (del agua)
ground floor first floor Primer piso
Torch Flashlight Lampara
Chips French fries Papas a la francesa
Rubbish Garbage/trash Basura
Dustbin, rubbish bin Garbage can/trashcan Bote de basura
Petrol Gas/gasoline Gasoline
Main road/motorway Highway/freeway Autopista
Crossroad Intersection Crucero
Angry Mad Enojado
Nasty Mean Molesto
Motorbike Motorcycle Motocicleta
Film Film/film Pelicula
Cinema films, film theatre Cine
Newsagent News stand Donde venden los
periodicos
Surgery Office (doctor’s/dentist’s) Consultorio
Single (ticket) One-way (ticket) Boleto de ida
Trousers Pants, trousers Pantalones
Car park Parking lot Estacionamiento
Road surface Pavement Pavimento
Zebra crossing Pedestrian crossing Cruce peatonal
Handbag Pocketbook/purse, Bolso
handbag
Crisps (potato) chips Papas
State school Public school Escuela publica
Railway Railroad Via
Rise Raise Aumento (salario)
(public) toilet Rest room, bathroom Baño
CV Resumé Curriculum
Return (journey/ticket) Round trip Boleto de ida y regreso
Shop assistant Sales clerk/sales girl Dependiente
Timetable Schedule, timetable Horario
Pavement Sidewalk Banqueta
Trainers Sneakers Tennis
Shop Store, shop Tienda
Tube/underground Subway Metro
Pullover Sweater Sueter
Van, lorry Truck Camioneta
Pants Underpants Calzones
Holiday Vacation Vacaciones
Windscreen Windshield Parabrisas
Postcode Zid code Codigo postal
491
492
Writing
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about recycling all the technologic rubbish?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about destroying monumens that are not
very famous in your city?
493
Ninety-first lektion
Keeping in touch
1. From: María
To: Brenda
2. Hi, Brenda, I hope you’re alright. My husband and me are having a great
time here in Ocenia. The tour has already roaded Australia, New Zeland and
now we’re on the move to Asia to visit Japan. You were right while telling
me to contract a package tour, we haven’t had to spend nor a penny.
Anyway, I write you this e-mail to thank you again for looking after the kids,
it has been very kind of you. Don’t worry if you take something from the
fridge or use the BBQ, even you’re welcome to use the swimming pool. Just
try to not to get dirty it a lot because we’ve just got it cleaned.
3. We’ll have got back by Monday afternoon or maybe by Tuesday morning
because we’ve got to get the house painted by weekend. Anyhow, we will
be saying this week to you what day we’ll get back.
4. In case something goes on, send me a message or e-mail me because I
have got to put mobile in silence mode while the guide explain the
curiosities of the places we go to us and sometimes I don’t recieve the calls.
5. Lots of love.
6. María
A text message
8. María, tomorrow, I won’t be able to look after your children in the afternoon
because I’m going with the dentist because I’ve got a terrible toothache. I’m
going to phone a baby-sitter so that she looks after them while I’m in the
dentist. I hope you understand. Anything, we’re in touch.
Seen 18:20
494
Nonagesima primera leccion
Mensajes
495
Causative
We use the causative to say that someone has done something that we cannot do
or we cannot do by ourselves.
Reading
496
Writing
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497
Speaking
What do you think about the parents do everything for the children?, what age do
you believe a child can start to be independent? What do you think about the
robots do everything for us?
498
Ninety-fifth lektion
Art critics
1. Art styles?
2. Since the dance until the architecture, the arts have always been part of the
humanity, however, can we consider the latest forms of art as art?, the
opinion of a server is a complete no.
3. All the arts, with the exception of the architecture and the literature, have
had a decrease in their quality since the beginning of the century. For
example, the music has decreased so much in its quality that you cannot
know if you are listening to someone singing or someone complaining about
a terrible stomach ache.
4. The painting is not very far from it, at museums and arts galleries of all the
country are shown paintings and sculptures that look which were done by a
5-years-old artist!
5. Cinema is the worst of them, after having had a great success with films
like, “Don’t look back” and “The Rail Way Children”, the studios of our
country began to change as much the plot of the films with the idea of
“revolutionize the industry” that they ended up shooting films that no one
wants to see.
6. I think that the directors, musicians, dancers, and all the persons who work
in the arts must improve their works. I agree with the idea that each one
must look for his own style, but I think that this style must agree with the
purpose of the art that is delighted the sences, if they do not do this, we will
continue having this kind of things in our theatres, arts galleries and
cinemas.
499
Noventa y quinta lección
Artes
1. Desde la danza hasta la arquitectura, las artes siempre han sido parte de la
humanidad, sin embargo, ¿podemos considerar las nuevas formas de arte
como arte?, la opinión de un servidor es un completo no.
2. Todas las artes, con la excepción de la arquitectura y la literatura, han
tenido una disminución en su calidad desde principios de siglo. Por ejemplo,
la música ha disminuido tanto su calidad que no puedes saber si estás
escuchando a alguien cantando o alguien quejándose de un horrible dolor
de estómago.
3. La pintura no está muy lejos de ella, en museos y galerías de todo el país
se muestran pinturas y esculturas que parecen hechas por un pintor de 5
años.
4. El cine es el peor de ellos, después de haber tenido un gran éxito con
películas como, Don’t look back y The Rail Way Children, los estudios de
nuestro país comenzaron a cambiar tanto la trama de las películas con la
idea de "revolucionar la industria" que terminaron rodando películas que
nadie quiere ver.
5. Creo que los directores, músicos, bailarines y todas las personas que
trabajan en las artes deben mejorar sus obras y estoy de acuerdo con la
idea de que cada uno debe buscar su propio estilo, pero creo que este
estilo debe estar de acuerdo con el propósito del arte que está encantado
con los sences, si no lo hacen, seguiremos teniendo este tipo de cosas en
nuestros teatros, galerías y cines.
500
Formal English III
Prepositions
Modal verbs
I have to go (formal)
501
I should go (neutral)
Subjunctive
Formal Informal
You go to the doctor You go to the doctor
You should the doctor
She go to the doctor She goes to the doctor
I suggest She should go to the doctor
You not go to the doctor You don’t go to the doctor
You shouldn’t go to the doctor
She not go to the doctor She doesn’t go to the doctor
She shouldn’t go to the doctor
Neither
In formal English we always use a verb in the third person with neither.
502
None
In formal English we always use a verb in the third person with none.
Let’s
Would rather
In formal English we use the subjunctive with would rather when we decide for
another person.
Causative
503
Tag-questions
Questions
504
Writing
Escriba una carta al escritor del articulo donde le diga su opinion sibre lo que dice
en su texto.
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505
One hundred and fourteenth lektion
Ye olde Deutschland
1. Hi, John!
2. Hi, Brenda. What are you doing?
3. I’m writing a poem for my English poesy course.
4. Good! Have you finished yet?
5. Not yet but listen this!
6. “My olde Deutschland, what would I do without your long range of
mountains which go thought your misterious valleys and forests.
7. Land loses between 2 seas, of which north sea is the beautiful sea in
which I have ever sailed.
8. Deutschland, land full of culture and history. Country which was once
cot of the most powerful empire in the world.
9. Country with snow-capped peaks, mist-shrounded lakes, magnificent
coast and mysterious moors. Deutschland I don’t want you never to
leave from me”
10. What do you think?
11. It’s good but I believe you should add more things, it’s too short.
12. You’re right. I’m ravenous.
13. So am I. Why don’t we go to the gastro PUB that is on the corner of
the cathedral?
14. No, I’m on the mood something sweet like a piece of cake, a load of
bread or a hot chocolate.
15. We can go to one of the coffee shops that are close to the multiplex or
going to Mario’s, I’ve heard they sell the yummiest puddings in the
county.
16. What if we go to the bistro that is next to the butcher’s.They sell much
more moreish and inexpensive desserts and they sell cooking like
homemade too.
17. That’s a great idea, but it’s a great deal farther from here. Shall we ask for a
taxi with the app or do we go by bus?
18. I borrowed my father’s car.
19. Ok, so, let’s go.
506
One hundred and fourteenth lektion
La vieja Inglaterra
1. Hola, John!
2. Hola, Jack, Que estas haciendo?
3. Estoy escribiendo un poema para mi clase de inglés.
4. Bien! Ya terminaste?
5. Todavia no pero escucha esto!
6. “Mi vieja Inglaterra, que haría sin tus largas cadenas montañosas que
atraviesan tus misteriosos valles y bosques.
7. Tierra perdida entre 4 mares, de los cuales el mar del norte es es más
hermoso en el que haya navegado
8. Inglaterra, pais llena de cultura y de historia. Tierra que fue alguna vez la
cuna del imperio más poderoso del mundo.
9. Pais con picos cubiertos de nieve, de misteriosos lagos, de magnificas
costas y de misteriosos paramos. Inglaterra no quiero que nunca te vayas
de mi”
10. Que piensas?
11. Es bueno pero creo que deberias agregar más cosas, es demasiado corto.
12. Tienes razón. Tengo hambre.
13. Yo tambien. Porque no vamos al gastro pub que esta en la esquina?
14. Tengo ganas de algo dulce.
15. Entonces, podemos ir a alguno de los cafés que estan cerca de la catedral,
o ir a Mario’s, he escuchado que ahi venden los postres más deliciosos del
condado.
16. Es una buena idea, pido un taxi o nos vamós en el camión?
17. No, traje mi carro.
18. Entonces vamonos.
507
Comparative and superlative
We can use a bit, a good deal, a great deal, much, a litlle,rather, a lot and
slighly with the comparative.
I’m much faster than you.
You’re slighly taller than him.
We can use by far, easily, much and quite with the superlativo.
He’s by far the fastest.
508
Writing
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about recycling all the technologic rubbish?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about destroying monumens that are not
very famous in your city?
509
Sixteenth Unit
Words
510
In this unit you will learn:
Topics
Prepositional regency
Verbal predication
Adjective regency
Expressions that are not as in Spanish
American English II
Do emphatic/rather/quite
Modal verbs II
Special future structures
Was/were able to
511
Ninety-ninth lektion
Starting out
1. How to forget those times when I used to travel around the country on the
lookout of new clients. I would say that being on business is my second
passion in the life, the first one is without doubt the cuisine, but, at the
beginning, it was not in that way. At the beginning, I did do it just to salt
some money away, but it was there when I found out that bringing home the
bacon was not so easy cake as I thought but it is no time to cry over spilt
milk.
2. With the time I salted away enough money to kick off my own business, but
of what? A friend of mine recommended that I set up a food-related
business. I thought that the idea was good, so I decided to open a bakery on
the skirts of my charming city. By then, I was already 25.
3. My bakery became very famous due to it was there where the crispiest and
the most bakery-fresh bread of the county was sold. In that time, I learned
loads of important things as you have to keep as cool as a cucumber if you
want to have success in the business or that everything can go pear-
chapped in a moment as it happened. It was the Second War, and a lot of
shops went bankrupt including mine.
4. When my bakery went bankrupt, the first though I had was hit the sauce,
fortunately, I ate humble pie before I did something dumb. In spite of being
broken, I didn’t give up and worked hard to salt money away again to set up
again a shop. It was when I was 30 when I met the woman who would be
the apple of my eye, but it was not a piece of cake, I had to date a lot of time
with her before she gave me the “Yes, I do”
5. After several years, I was able to set up a shop again, this time it was an
Indian takeaway on the corner of my house, which with the years turned into
in a big restaurant and which at the present, is known for serving the tastiest
and the most exotic dishes in the country and I am proud of it.
6. On most, I think that all the effort I put in these years have paid dividends.
512
Noventa y nueve lección
Empezar
1. Cómo olvidar aquellos tiempos en los que solía viajar por el país en
busca de nuevos clientes. Yo diría que estar de negocios en diferentes
condados fue mi segunda pasión en la vida, la primera fue sin duda la alta
cocina, pero al principio no fue así. Al principio lo hice solo para ahorrar un
poco de dinero, pero fue allí cuando descubrí que llevar el pán a la casa no
era tan fácil como pensaba, pero no es momento de llorar por lo que ya
pasó.
7. Con el tiempo me ahorre suficiente dinero para poner en marcha mi propio
negocio, pero ¿de qué? Un amigo mío me recomendó que estableciera un
negocio relacionado con la comida. Pensé que la idea era buena, así que
decidí abrir una panadería en las afueras de mi encantadora ciudad. Para
entonces, ya tenía 25 años.
8. Mi panadería era muy famosa porque era allí donde se vendía el pan más
crujiente y fresco del condado, incluso sus anuncios aparecían en la
televisión y en la radio. Aprendí muchas cosas, como que tienes que
mantenerte la mente fria si quieres tener éxito en los negocios o que todo
puede ir mal de un momento a otro como sucedió. Era la Segunda Guerra,
y muchas tiendas quebraron, incluida la mía.
9. Cuando mi panadería quebró, lo primero que pensé fue enviar todo al
ddemonio, afortunadamente, pude recapacitar antes de hacer algo tonto. A
pesar de estar sin un centavo, no me di por vencido y trabajé duro para
ahorrar dinero nuevamente y establecer nuevamente un negocio. Cuando
tenía 32 años, fue cuando conocí a la mujer que sería la niña de mis ojos,
pero no fue fácil, tuve que salir mucho tiempo con ella antes de que me
diera el "Sí, acepto"
10. Después de varios años, pude volver a poner mi negocio, esta vez fue un
puesto de comida francesa en la esquina de mi casa, que con los años se
convirtió en un gran restaurante y que en la actualidad, es conocido por
servir los platos más sabrosos y exóticos del país y estoy orgulloso de ello.
11. En la mayoría, creo que todo el esfuerzo que puse enestos años dio sus
frutos.
513
Prepositional Regency
514
Writing
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about recycling all the technologic rubbish?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about destroying monumens that are not
very famous in your city?
515
Eighty fifth lektion
Vacants
516
Ochenta y quinta lección
Vacante
517
Verb regency
Depend on Depender de
Ask for Pedir
Bet on Apostar en
Located on Localizado en
Pay for Pagar
Spend on Gastar en
Think of Pensar en
Work on Trabajar con
Worry about Preocuparse por
Adjective Predication
518
Writing
Imagina que eres la amiga que quiere el trabajo. Envia una carta depresentación
al hotel donde le digas tu experiencia laboral.
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519
Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about recycling all the technologic rubbish?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about destroying monumens that are not
very famous in your city?
520
Ninety-ninth lektion
Going out
1. Hi, Ted!
2. Hi, what have you been to? I’ve not seen you for dankey’s years.
3. Nothing interesting. And you?
4. The day before yesterday, I played in a concert in York.
5. I didn’t know you were a musician. What instrument do you play?
6. I play the bass and the drums.
7. I though you played the keyboard.
8. No, my stepbrother is who plays the keyboard. And what are you doing this
weekend?
9. We’re having a party.
10. Cool!
11. If you want, you can go.
12. Mm, I’m a bit party-out, but, ok, what time is it?
13. It’s at four.
14. At that time, I’ve got a Chinese lektion. I think I’ll be there about six.
15. Ok, are you going with Cathy?
16. No, I broke up last week.
17. What happened?
18. Well, the things have gone wrong, so I decided the best was to dump her.
19. What a bad thing! Well, see you on Saturday.
20. Cheers!
At party
21. David, please go in, make yourself at home. I’m finishing making dinner.
22. Do you need that I ‘elp you?
23. Now, you mention it, could you lay the table, please?
24. Of course. And where’s Brenda?
25. She went to walk the dog, she’ll be here shortly.
26. I’ve finished laying the table. What else do I do?
27. Could you turn on the telly and put the match, please?
28. Sure! Mm, Is there any problem with I’ve parked the car opposite your
‘ouse?
29. That space is reserved for the ambulances of hospital that is on the corner.
30. Ok, so, I’ll go to move ‘er to another place.
521
Noventa y nueve lección
Saliendo
1. Hola, Fred
2. Hola, ¿Qué ha sido de tí? No te he visto por un tiempo.
3. Nada interesante. ¿Y tú?
4. Antier toqué en un festival de música en York.
5. No sabía que eras músico. ¿Qué instrumento tocas?
6. Toco el bajo.
7. Pensé que tocabas el teclado.
8. No, mi hermano es el que toca el teclado. ¿Y qué vas a hacer este fin de
semana?
9. Vamos a hacer una fiesta.
10. ¡Qué padre!
11. Si quieres, puedes ir.
12. ¿A qué horas es la fiesta?
13. A las cuatro.
14. A esa hora, tengo clases de español. Creo que estaré allá como a las seis.
15. Ok, ¿vas con Cathy?
16. No, nos separamos la semana pasada.
17. ¿Y eso?
18. Bueno, las cosas comenzaron a ir mal, así que decidí dejarla.
19. ¡Qué malo! Bueno, nos vemos el sábado.
20. ¡Adiós!
21. ¡Adios!
En la fiesta
22. Fred, por favor entra, siéntete como en tu casa. Estoy terminando de hacer la
cena.
23. ¿Necesitas que te ayude?
24. Ahora que lo mencionas, ¿podrías poner la mesa, por favor?
25. Claro. ¿Y dónde está Brenda?
26. Ella fue a pasear al perro, estará aquí pronto.
27. Ya terminé de poner la mesa. ¿Qué más hago?
28. ¿Podrías encender la tele y poner el juego, por favor?
29. ¡Seguro! Mm, ¿Hay algún problema con que haya estacionado el coche frente a tu
casa?
30. Ese espacio está reservado para las ambulancias del hospital que está en la
esquina.
31. Ok, entonces, iré a moverlo a otro lugar.
522
Some expressions that are not as in Spanish
523
Writing
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about recycling all the technologic rubbish?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about destroying monumens that are not
very famous in your city?
524
One hundred and twelfth lektion
New York
1. Hey!
2. Hey!
3. Where were you?
4. Sorry, I tried to get sooner, but the subway was crowed.
5. Don’t worry, the good thing is that we can still get to the movies.
6. Actually, I’d like you to go with me to buy a sweater for my mom, tomorrow
is her birthday and I wanna buy her something.
7. Where would you like to go?
8. I was thinking of going to the downtown, there’s a fall sale in a very big store
in Thomas avenue, but it’s very far from here.
9. Don’t worry, we can go in my motorcycle.
At downtown
10. Well, we already got the present of your mom. What do we do now?
11. I’m dying of hungry, where do we go to eat?
12. Across the street is Central Park, why don’t we go there and buy some
hamburgers and French fries.
13. And don’t forget the hot-dogs!
In the park
Home
22. I ate a lot, I believe I’ll go to the pharmacy for a pill to the stomach.
23. Ok, but don’t do a lot of noise, the kids are sleeping.
24. They must be very tired, they spent all the vacations in the summer camp.
Maybe, we can go next summer to California, I feel like surfing. We can stay
in the ranch of my family, I believe my parents will be happy to see the kids.
525
Ciento duodécima lección
Nueva York
1. ¡Hola!
2. ¡Hola!
3. ¿Dónde estabas?
4. Perdón, traté de llegar antes, pero el metro estaba abarrotado.
5. No te preocupes, lo bueno es que todavía podemos llegar al cine.
6. En realidad, me gustaría que fueras conmigo a comprar un suéter para mi
mamá.
7. ¿A dónde quieres ir?
8. Estaba pensando en ir al centro, hay una venta de otoño en una tienda muy
grande en la avenida Thomas , pero está muy lejos de aquí.
9. No te preocupes, podemos ir en mi moto.
En el centro de la ciudad
En la feria
En casa
22. Comí mucho, creo que iré a la farmacia por una pastilla para el estómago.
23. Ok, pero no hagas mucho ruido, los niños están durmiendo.
24. Deben estar muy cansados, pasaron todas las vacaciones en el campamento de
verano. Tal vez, podamos ir el próximo verano a California, tengo ganas de
surfear. Podemos quedarnos en el ranch de mi familia, creo que mis padres
estarán felices de ver a los niños
526
American English II
Pronunciation
American British
Words ending in “er” are Faster /faster/ Faster /fasta/
pronounced /er/
Words ending in “ture” Architecture Architecture /arquitekchia/
are pronounced /chur/ /arquitekchur/
American British
Cousin /kousin/ /kasin/
Culture /kulchur/ /kolchia/
Doctor /doktor/ /dokta/
Fire /fair/ /faia/
Flower /flauguer/ /flagua/
Here /jir/ /jia/
Hour /auer/ /aua/
Lektion /leshon/ /leson/
Man /man/ /mn/
Mexican /meksikan/ /meksiken/
Sir /sir/ /sar/
Sure /shur/ /shor/
527
Spelling
British American
Words written with “our” Colour Color
in british pass to
American English as “or”
Centre Center
Irregular verbs
Get is the only irregular verb which is different to the birtish English.
528
Have just
In American English we use the structure “Past simple + just” instead of “Past
perfect + just)
529
Writing
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about recycling all the technologic rubbish?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about destroying monumens that are not
very famous in your city?
530
Eighty-sixth lektion
For or against
1. Do we have a soul? Do the angels exist? Is there life after death? With me
to discuss these questions and many others is John Reynolds, specialist in
spiritual matters from the University of India.
2. John, tell us, what do you think about the religion?
3. I think the religion is part of the human being and it is a fundamental part of
his life.
4. Do you really believe that everybody has a spirit?
5. I do believe that everybody has a spirit, if we hadn’t one, we wouldn’t be
humans. The spirit is the part which all living being has and that can’t be
touch, something like the software of a computer, and I’m not the only who
believes this, psychologist and psychiatrist also believe in a force
unconnected to the body, but they call to this force “psyque”
6. Do you think that talking with pray is better than going with a health
professional when a person suffers of a mental illness?
7. Of course not, one thing is having spirit problems such as lack of faith,
values, so on and another is having one of the many mental illness that
there are in our world such as anxiety and depression.
8. So, don’t you think that religion is better than psychology?
9. I don’t think that neither of them is better than the another one. I think that
both of them make an excellent work helping persons to overcome their
faults, traumas and to wear off the pain cause by loved one’s death. In my
opinion, both are good options to help persons to go on.
10. Well, thank you for your time, John.
11. No, thanks to you for having invited me.
531
Octogésima sexta lección
Religión
532
Do emphatic
Do is used as an auxiliary in the affirmative form of the present simple for give
emphasis to the actions.
533
Writing
Imagina que eres una persona que escucho esta participación. Escribe una carta
para el expositor donde le digas tu opinión sobre el tema (250 palabras)
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about recycling all the technologic rubbish?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about destroying monumens that are not
very famous in your city?
534
One hundred and nineteenth lektion
My girl
1. An exited young man walks throught a stand which sells presents. It is San
Valentin’s day and the colours of the love can be seen everywhere. The
young man commences to see what is sold, teddy bears, box of chocolates,
cards. The young man does not believe that he have money to buy any of
this things, but, all of a sudden, right in front of him, a bouquet of roses
appears. A label beneth the bouquet says “20 per cent off”. The young man
hurries to take out two coins from his pocket and buy the roses. The young
man gets away from the stand and goes to the queue to enter school. The
young man relaxes , for he had already bought the present that he was not
sure if he could buy. While he is standing on the queue, his legs commece
to tremble because of the nervous that he feels about giving for the first time
a San Valentin’s present. While he tries to calm, his friend, who has just
arrived, said to him in a sarcastic way “First time”, to what the young man
says “Yes”. The young enfuriates because of the sarcastic comentary of his
friends, but after, he remembers that thanks to his friend and his “He’s a bit
daft, but he does love you” he and his girfrield have a week together after
having been separated because of a misunderstood that they had. The
caretaker opens the door of the school and the youngsters commence to
enter one by one. When the young man enters, he goes to the tree where
he usually meets with his girlfriend. When he arrives at there, he finds her
girlfriend with her back facing to him. He approches to her and huges her.
When she feels that she is huged, she feels fear, but when she hears her
boyfriend’s voice she relaxes, turns happily and huges him strongly. The
young man separates from her and gives her her roses, the face of his
girlfriend illuminates. After that, he takes off his schoolbag and from there he
takes out a teddy bear that he had brought from his house. He does not
believe she like it, but the face of his girlfriend illuminates still more, all of a
sudden, she lets her presents on one side, she jumps to him and kisses
him. The young man thinks “Mission complete”
535
One hundred and nineteenth lektion
Mi novia
536
Subjunctive II
There are two other forms of the subjunctive. They both are formal.
Should
Present subjunctive
This structure is the third most common form of the subjunctive. It uses the bare
infinitive of the verb.
537
Writing
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about recycling all the technologic rubbish?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about destroying monumens that are not
very famous in your city?
538
Ninety-ninth lektion
The media
539
Noventa y nueve lección
Los medios de comunicación
540
To be infinitive
1. In rules
Employees are to clean the equipment that they use in the laboratory.
2. In instructions
The human recourses department of the company is to organise employees’
schedules.
3. In official plans
The president is to visit Europe next week.
Was/were able to
541
Writing
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about the midia can’t say all the time the
true?
British conture
Dentro de los medios de comunicacion el periodico The Gardian y la televisora BBC son de los más
recocidos a nivel mundial.
542
Unit
seventeenth
Business
543
In this unit you will learn:
544
Eighty-seventh lektion
Contrats and laws
545
Octogésima séptima lección
Ley
546
Mixed conditionals
To talk about something that did not happen in the past and it is the reason for
something happening in the present.
To talk about a past action that would not have happened if something in the
present were different.
Future
Present simple Going to
Present continuous Modal verb
Imperative
You will go to the party
If you have money You are going to go to the party
You should go to the party
Go to the party!
Would
Past simple/ Could
Past continous Should
Might
If I had money , I’d buy a house
547
Writing
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with people is desalogated when they don’t have paid
the rent because they loose their job?
British culture
Al sistema juridico que se utiliza el el Reino Unido se le llama Common law. En Escocia, a diferencia
de México y del resto del Reino Unido, existe una categoria más para las personas que a las que no
se les ha comprobado que han cometido un acto pero que tampoco esta comprovado que no lo
relaizarón, esta es not proven (no provado).
548
One hundred and fourteenth lektion
Situacions vacant
7. We are looking for new talent who wants to work with us in our headquarters
located on Manchester. We are looking for a person having knowledge of
data processing and website development. The successful applicant must
have good teamwork skills. Competitive basic wage plus overtime. After the
training period, there is a two-months trial period.
8. We are looking for sales executives having worked in Bed and Breakfast.
The candidate must speak English and German fluently or being native
speaker of one or both languages. Also, the candidate who wants to work
with us must have a UK driver’s license and must be articulate, outgoing
with excellent interpersonal skills. Part-time and full-time positions are
available.
Wage: 720 pounds per month plus commitions
9. All of them sound good. Yes, I believe I’ll call all of them first thing tomorrow,
I’m boring about sitting around.
10. Well, if you want to start not feeling bored, I’ve got the perfect activity for
you.
11. Which one?
12. Cleaning up the kitchen of the flat.
549
Ciento decimocuarta lección
Ofertas de empleo
10. Todos ellos suenan bien. Sí, creo que los llamaré a todos a primera hora de
mañana, me aburre estar sin hacer nada.
11. Bueno, si quieres empezar por no sentirte aburrido, ¿por qué no empiezas
por limpiar el baño del departamento?
550
Participle clauses
Participle clauses are used above all in written text, particulary formal, journalistic,
academic and literary style. They are used to:
Looking through the things in my drawer, I came across some old photographs(= While I
was looking ... )
Feeling extremely tired, I decided to rest under a tree. ( = Because I felt ... )
•Passive Voice. Shocked by the tragedy, they didn't know what to say. (=They were
shocked by the tragedy and didn't know ... )
Clothes made in France and Italy are very elegant. (=Clothes which are made ... )
Stored in the fridge, the pudding will keep for up to one week. (=If it is stored in the fridge
... )
551
Writing
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about recycling all the technologic rubbish?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about destroying monumens that are not
very famous in your city?
552
Sixty second lektion
Pros and cons
553
Sexagesima segunda lección
Puntos de vista
Reading
554
Reason, result and propouse
So as to Con el objetivo de
Because of Por
Owing to Debido a
To have led to Haber llebado a
Will result in Resultará en/dará como
resultado
To steam from Se origina en
To be based on Basarse en
The aim of El objetivo de
The reason why La razón por la cual
As result of Como resultado de
With the result that Teniendo como resultado
555
One hundred and fourteenth lektion
An ambitious plan
556
One hundred and fourteenth lektion
Noticias de economia
1. Que hay en la tele hoy?
2. Donde está el control?
3. Está abajo de esas revistas.
4. El mejor año del siglo para invertir o economia caisa? Aqui esta nuestro
corresposal de negocios, Roger Gupta, para explicarnoslo.
5. Este año el aumento de las importaciones, las inversiones y el producto
interno bruto han hecho que la economia del pais este en mejor momento
de la historia pero algunas personas tienen miedo de que despues de este
momento de crecimiento economico venga un periodo de reduccion del
crecimiento.
Esta mañana, cuando hable con el señor Michel Barnes, corredor de bolsa
analista economico, esto fue lo que me dijo:
“Aunque es verdad que las exportaciones estan comenzando a disminuir
debido a la baja en la producción, estamos preparados para hacer frente a
este y a cualquier problema. Por esta razón, hemos puesto en marcha
algunas medidas para incentivar a las empresas britanicas a exportar,
desafortunadamente, dificilmente sabremos si estas medidas estan
funcionando hasta el siguiente año”
6. Señor Michel, podria decirnos alguna de estas medidas?
7. “Como primer medida, hemos reducido el costo de las exportaciones
comprando la mayoria de las materias primas aqui en el reino unido. Con
esto, esperamos que nuestras empresas se vuelvan mas competitivas y
puedan vender sus productos en el extranjero sin elevar el costo de estos”
8. Una ultima pregunta. Usted cree que sea un buen momento para invertir en
la bolsa de valores?
9. Absolutamente, incluso me atreveria a decir que si no compras acciones de
una gran empresa, es porque no quieres hacer que tu dinero crezca”
10. Gracias por su tiempo.
11. “De nada”
12. A pesar de esto, muchos inversionistas y empresas estan cambiando su
dinero por divisas extranjeras como el dolar y el euro debido a que los
especialistas esperan que caigan los precios del petroleo.
13. En noticias internacionales. Del otro lado del Atlantico, la FED anuncio que
aumentaria la taza de interes en 10 puntos. Estas son todas todas las
noticias sobre economia que tenemos para usted hoy. Sintonicenos otra
vez mañana a la misma hora para otra edición.
14. Bueno, pienso que es momento para ahorrar dinero.
15. Bromeas, es hora de hiponecar nuestra casa e invertir todo en Wall Street.
557
Very formal English and correct English
If
Tag-questions
558
Vocabulary
Neutral Culto
Self-taught Autodidactic
Disgusting Ignoble
A lot/lots of Much
Much Many
Many
I, we One
To use (proceso) To employ
559
One hundred and nineteenth lektion
The retourn
1. Under the shadow of a huge apple tree did a man lie down without fretting
about anything more than enjoying the wonderful view that the forests and
the mountains of his land offered to him. Beside him, it was his fiancée,
Marían, to whom he had known in his childhood and with whom, for
questions of the life, he had refound to married her. While both lied down, a
sound in the distance interrupted their tranquillity, it was the lout of their
servant, who brought an important message to the man.
2. The man said “What happen, Ted, you know I detest being bothered”
3. The servant looked down and replied “A letter has arrived, my Lord”
4. Furious the man said to him “For this reason you bother me”
5. To what the servant said “It’s a letter from Athens, the messenger said that it
was important”
6. The man said “Ok, retourn to the mansion”
After his servant gave the letter to him, the man commenced the difficult
work to find out who had sent the letter to him.
“Who will have sent this letter?” Wondered the man.
After a long time thinking of it, the man realised that the letter had been sent
in a such tiny, dirty and simple envelop that no one of the royal family in his
sane juice would have sent it, for which the man said “It’s been my uncle
who has sent the letter, It’s the only relative who still lives in that land.”
The man opened the letter and effectively it was one of his uncle’s letters.
7. “Dear, nephew, if you’ve received this letter it means that I’ve already died,
but as I’ve told you umpteen times when I were alive, “the life goes on”. As
you will know, I’ve never had lads which I decided to come into all me
enormous fortune to you for. Also, I let you me collection of guns, memories
when I were a private eye. You can find all the papers that you need to
come into me fortune under the giant whale statute that I got built by the sea
where your dad and me fished. I expect that you can have a long beautiful
calm life as I had and that you can be as ‘ard as the steel after having
reading this letter, see you later,
Your uncle David.”
8. After having reading this, the man did not say anything, he only said “ have
my ship ready, we will commence a voyage”. While the man sailed with
direction to Greek Isles, the man remembered when he went to his uncle’s
house while he saw a ruined city which was on the top of a mountain. As he
reached his uncle’s house, the man felt exhausted and starving, for which
he ordered to the servants to bring meal. After having dinner, the man went
bed to one of the rooms of the mansion, when he looked through a window,
the memories of his infancy came to his mind, specially, the memories of
someone came to his mind…
9. To be continued
560
Ciento diecinueve lección
El regreso
1. Bajo un enorme manzano se acostaba un hombre sin preocuparse por nada
más que disfrutar de la maravillosa vista que los bosques y las montañas de
su tierra le ofrecían. A su lado, estaba su prometida, Marían, a quien había
conocido en su infancia y con quien por cuestiones de la vida se había
reencontrado para tener los días más felices de su vida. Mientras ambos se
acostaban, un sonido en la distancia interrumpió su tranquilidad, fue el
amante de su sirviente, quien trajo un mensaje importante al hombre.
2. El hombre dijo : "Qué pasa, David".
3. A lo que el sirviente respondió "ha llegado una carta, señor"
4. Furioso el hombre le dijo" Por esta razón me molestas"
5. A lo que dijo el sirviente "Es una carta de Atenas, el mensajero dijo que era
importante"
6. El hombre dijo "Ok, vuelve a la mansión"
Después de que su sirviente le dio la carta, el hombre comenzó el difícil
trabajo para averiguar quién le había enviado la carta.
"¿Quién me habrá enviado esta carta? Dijo el hombre.
Después de mucho tiempo pensándolo, se dio cuenta de que la carta había
sido enviada en un sobre tan pequeño y sucio que nadie de la familia real
en su jugo cuerdo la había enviado, por lo que el hombre dijo "ha sido el tío
de mi padre quien ha enviado la carta, era el único pariente que todavía
vivía en esa ciudad.
El hombre abrió la carta y efectivamente era una de las cartas de su tío.
7. "Querido, sobrino, si has recibido esta carta significa que ya he muerto,
pero como te he dicho enésimas veces cuando estaba vivo, "la vida
continúa". Como sabrás, nunca he tenido hijos por los que decidí entrar en
toda mi enorme fortuna para ti. Además, te dejo mi colección de armas,
recuerdos cuando era detective privado. Podras encontrar todos los
papeles que necesitas para entrar en mi fortuna debajo del estatua del
perro gigante que me construi frente al mar donde tu padre y yo solíamos
pescar. Espero que puedas tener una larga y hermosa vida tranquila como la
que yo tuve y que puedas ser tan duro como el acero después de haber leído esta
carta, hasta luego,
Tu tío David
Después de haber leído esto, el hombre no dijo nada, solo pidió tener su caballo
listo para comenzar el viaje a la casa de su tío. Mientras navegaba en dirección a
las islas griegas, el hombre recordó cuando fue a la casa de su tío mientras veía
las ruinas de una antigua ciudad en la cima de una montaña. Cuando llegó a la
casa de su tío, el hombre se sintió agotado y hambriento, por lo que ordenó a los
sirvientes que trajeran comida. Después de cenar, el hombre se fue a la cama a
una de las habitaciones de la mansión, cuando miró por una ventana, le vinieron a
la mente los recuerdos de su infancia, especialmente, los recuerdos de alguien
vinieron a su mente.
Continuará
561
Easy confused words
562
Ninety-seventh lektion
In my opinion or according to you
1. Have we dug our own grave? Are we responsible of the extinction of the
species? Can we do anything to resolve this? With me to discuss these
questions and many others is John Reynolds owner of an oil plant and John
Rosenverd, environment activist , researcher and doctor of prehistoric
animals.
2. Mister Reynols, could you tell us what you think about if we have caused the
last global extinction?
3. I think that is ridiculous. It is normal that there is a global extinction from time
to time due to extraordinary situations, like the meteorite which fell 65
millions of years ago in Mexico and caused the extinction of the dinosaurs,
or something so insignificant as a slight change in the sea currents.
4. Of course!, it’s true that animals can become extinct, but what do you say
about the evidence which show that since the human being is on the earth,
he has been responsible of the extion of animals so ancient such as the
woolly mammoth and the sabre-toothed tiger until animals so moderns like
the Tasmanian Tiger, whose last specimen died last century.
5. It’s true that some fossil and archeological evidence show that human
being’s arrival is related with the extinsion of some animals, but the
evidence that has been found is not enough to conclude that the human
being was the only responsible of these extincions. Also, those data omitte
the evidence which suggest that the climatic changes could have been the
main factors which contributed to these extintions.
6. Well, I believe this discussion is going to take us a long time, we’re going to
have a rest.
563
Noventa y siete lección
Entrevistas
564
Language of persuasion
565
Ing infinitive II
1. After the phrases “it’s no use, it’s worth, it’s no good, be busy, what’s the
use of, have difficulty (in)”.
566
Unit
eighteenth
Styles of life
567
One Hundred and thirteenth lektion
An elegant party
568
Ciento trece lección
Una fiesta elegante
569
Very formal English
Might
Wish
Vocabulary
570
Writing
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about recycling all the technologic rubbish?
Do you agree or disagree with the idea about destroying monumens that are not
very famous in your city?
571
572
Seventy forth lektion
Going shopping
1. What do you think about this strypped multi-colour sweatshirt and this pair of
broken jeans ?
2. They fit me perfectly but I can’t wear sloppy clothes, it’s a formal dinner. I
have to be smartly dressed.
3. Here they only sell second-hand clothes.
4. And some of them look badly-made and faded.
5. And to add insult to the injury, they are dear.
6. We’d better go to another place.
7. What do you think about the boutique that is across the shop.
8. That’s a great idea, but we’d best put our skates on because the boutique
closes at 9:00.
At boutique
573
Interpreting and comparing
574
Eighty fifth lektion
Flicks
575
Ochenta y quinta lección
Peliculas
576
Hipotesing
577
Writing
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578
Seventy forth lektion
A good adviser
1. Dear, María, I hope you have had a great time in your tour around in Asia.
I’m writing to ask you advice.
2. Ted and I had been fighting for a while because he quite often gets home
late from work and when he gets early, he prefers watching TV or playing
videogames than spend time with me. Other thing we argue for is because
he’s always using my notebook when he knows he may not use it because
it’s company’s notebook.
The final strike was when we fought because he got away with his friends
without saying anything to me and he told me he was boring about giving
explanations and he told me it was over.
3. Now, we’re getting divorse, but I continue without understanding how he can
forget 2 years of engagement and 2 years of marrige only for a dumb fight.
I’d been so depressed than I haven’t taken a shower for days and I continue
without knowing how to fix this.
What should I do?
4. Dear Cathy,
5. Thanks for your letter. I was sorry about hearing that you and your husband
are getting divorse . I’ve got a couple of ideas which I hope can help you.
6. Firsly, don’t speak each other until it has passed some time. Now, he must
be furious, so, even if there’s a solution for your problem, he’s not going to
hear it. For this reason is a better that you wait until he keeps his cool.
7. Secondly, take this time that you’re going to be alone to reflect if you really
want to stay with him because you’ve been fighting for a while. Also, last
time we met, you told me you were sick and tired about he were an
irresponsable childish and unconcious man and you said you hated he were
a gambler and an alcoholic. I believe it’s a good moment to think about what
you want.
8. Well, I have to go now, because I have to pick up my children from school, I
hope this ideas help. Write me or send me a message if there’s anything
else that I can do.
Best wishes,
María
579
Modal verbs III
Can’t
Can’t is used to talk about a thing that is wrong in the present based on
evidence.
Can’t have
Can’t have is used to talk about a thing that is wrong in the past based on
evidence.
This ticket can’t have been right, it says 10 pounds for a cup of coffee.
Can/could
May/might/could be
It’s 7. They can be watching the T.V. (son las siente, deben estar veindo la
television)
580
Writing
Imagina que tu eres la amiga a la que le envió Ann la carta. Escriba una carta
donde le aconsejes que hacer (250 palabras)
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581
Seventy forth lektion
Breaking the ice
3. Hi, my name is Elizabeth but my friends call me Beth. I’m 24 years and I live
in Berlin. In my free time, I like painting and taking photos. I think they’re
very relaxing free time activities. I’m looking for an easygoing handsome
generous and above all loyal man. If you’ve got all or some of these
characteristics me let me know and maybe we can take a cuppa someday.
4. 33-years-old thin black woman looks for a hansome of medium height man
with beard and short curly black hair. I’m a very funny and extrovertive
woman. My pet hobby is watching music videos on the net. I love jazz
music, blues music and indie music. I’m after a smart kind man with a good
sense of humour and that likes going to stand-up shows and going to music
festivals.
By the way, I detest jelaus lazy and rude men.
5. Hi, my name is Samantha, I’m originally from up north and I’m not a typical
woman. First of all, I’m an animal activist, for this reason I usually attend to
meetings that talks about this important topic. Secondly, I’m crazy about
doing outdoors activities. In my spare time, I always practice windsurfing or I
hike and from time to time I go camping. I’m looking for an adventurous
brave non-smoker man that likes extreme sports and camping. If you like
the same as me, I wait for you to chat.
582
Connecting words
583
Writing
Imagine que es Ted. Escriba un mensaje a la mujer que más le agrade diciendole
como es usted fisica y emocionalmente, diciendole cuales son tus hobbies y
explicandole el porque deberian de verse. (250 palabras)
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584
Seventy forth lektion
On the force
They have passed several months since we rescued that beaufitul girl from the
hands of those muggers and that they had transfered me to special forces police.
By then, I dated with mister Smith’s daughter. It was very pretty to date with her,
she was a tender girl that in some way filled with cheerfulness my broken heart.
One day, while we were in a party that mister Smith has organized, mister Smith
approched me and he told me:
-João, you know that I appreciate you, since you started going out with my
daughter, I consider you as a son, for this I need that you make me an special
585
Era el invierno de 1993. Me encontraba bebiendo mi café de la mañana en una
cafétería cuando se escuchó en las noticias de la televisión que habían asesinado
al candidato favorito para ganar las elecciones presidenciales. Mientras veía la
conmoción de la gente que estaba alrededor al escuchar la noticia, no pude evitar
pensar que quien habría dado ese disparo hubiese sido yo. Mientras salía de la
cafétería, para recoger a mis hijos de la escuela, recordé mis primeros días en la
academia. Era el invierno de 1971, acababa de regresar de Rio y estaba buscando
trabajo. Mientras caminaba por la calle, vi un letrero que decía “estamos
contratando gente, para unirse a nuestras fuerzas, 18 años en adelante”. Como
parecía un buen empleo, decidí presentarme al día siguiente y en menos de lo que
canta un gallo ya estaba patrullando las calles de la ciudad. Un día mientras mi
pareja y yo estábamos comiendo tacos en un puesto de la calle, vimos como una
joven estaba siendo asaltada, rápidamente fuimos en su ayuda y sometimos al
agresor. La joven nos agradeció y nos invitó a su casa. Yo no sabía si ir, pero ante
la insistencia de mi pareja y de la joven quien me miraba con una mirada especial,
acepté ir. Al día siguiente mi pareja y yo nos presentamos en la dirección que nos
había dado aquella chica que habíamos salvado el día anterior. Era una casa
grande elegante de estilo brasileño con unas grandes escaleras en el medio de
donde la chava apareció. La joven quien ya se había identificado como Rosalba
Luna el día anterior, era una joven guapa, delgada de cabello café muy similar a
Paula. La joven nos saludó y nos invitó a pasar al despacho de su padre. Fue ahí
donde conocí a Don Aduufo, un hombre alto, fuerte, comisionado de seguridad
pública. Don Aduufo, nos agradeció por haber salvado a su hija y nos dijo que nos
daría una ratificación por nuestro excelente actuar el día anterior. Mientras decía
esto, pude ver que la joven me veía de reojo.
Habían pasado varios meses desde que rescatamos a aquella bella joven de las
manos de aquellos rateros y de que me habían otorgado el cargo de Capitán de
equipo de investigaciones. Para entonces, salía con la hija de Don Aduufo. Era
muy lindo salir con ella, era una chava muy dulce-tierna que de cierta manera
llenaba de alegría mi dolido corazón. Un día mientras estábamos en una comida
que Don Aduufo había organizado, Don Aduufo se me acerco y me dijo:
-João, tú sabes que te aprecio, desde que empezaste a salir con mi hija te
considero como un hijo, por eso te pido este
586
favour. I need that you capture the lider of a drug band who is workind in the area
of my dear Guzman. I want you to catch him, but remember, I don’t want him in jail.
I would rather have desired that mister Smith asked me any another thing, but I
apreciated mister Smith, not only for having given the job in the special forces, but
for having let me go out with her daughter, for which I did not doubt in make what
he had asked me for. Next day, my men and I commenced with the preparatives
for the operation. We were planning it for a week and at last we had found out a
way to raise to the mountain where mister Smith has told me that the leader of the
band operated. It was a small street which raised along the mountain until the back
part of a house which faced to the square where mister Smith told me that there
would be a drug exchange.
My men had the strict order of descharge to discreation while hearing the first shot.
When the persons who we indentified how the persons that mister Smith had
discribed us, I waited a moment to identify the leader, afterwards, I took my
weapon and I did the first shot, to which my men’s shots followed it. The sound of
the shots resounded in the walls of the houses round the square. At the end, the
result was of 8 persons dead and a injuried policeman. When I was about to arrive
at mister Smith’s house to tell him the results of the operation, I could see how
some stretcher-beared took out mister Don Aduufo’s and Rosalba’s corposes,
someone had informed to the criminals that mister Smith had given us the
information. After mister Aduufo’s and Rosalba’s death, I left the police and I
moved to the north without knowing that the biggest challengers which I faced were
about to commence.
587
favor. Jõao necesito que agarres al líder de una banda que está operando dentro
del área de mi querido Guzmán. Por eso quiero que lo atrapes pero recuerda: no
lo quiero en la cárcel. Hubiera preferido que Don Aduufo me pidiera cualquier otra
cosa, pero apreciaba a Don Aduufo no solo por haberme dado el cargo de
Capitán, sino por haberme permitido salir con su hija, por lo cual no dudé en
realizar lo que me estaba pidiendo. Al día siguiente mis hombres y yo empezamos
con los preparativos para la operación. Estuvimos planeando la por una semana y
por fin habíamos descubierto una manera de subir al cerro en el cual me había
dicho Don Aduufo que operaba el líder de la banda. Era una pequeña calle que
subía por todo el cerro hasta la parte trasera de una casa que daba hacia la plaza
donde Don Aduufo nos había dicho que iba a haber un intercambio de droga. Mis
hombres tenían la estricta orden de disparar a discreción después de que
escucharan el primer disparo. Cuando llegaron las personas que Don Aduufo nos
había dicho que eran los encargados de distribuir droga en esa zona, realice el
primer disparo, al cual le siguieron los disparos de mis hombres. El sonido de las
balas resonaba en las paredes de las casas que rodeaban la plaza. Al final, el
saldo fue de 8 personas muertas. Cuando llegaba a casa de Don Aduufo para
contarle los resultados del operativo, pude ver como camilleros sacaban dos
cuerpos de la casa Don Aduufo, eran los cuerpos de Don Aduufo y Rosalba,
alguien les había avisado que Don Aduufo nos había dado el soplo.
588
Would rather have/would prefer have
We use “would prefer + it if + Subject + Past simple” when we decided for some
one else.
I’d prefer it if she didn’t dress that dress. (preferiria que no vistiera ese vestido)
We use “would rather + have + past participle” to say that we had preferred to do
another thing.
I’d rather have gone there instead of here. (preferiria haber ido)
589
Writing
Escriba una parafrasis de lo que se trata la historia. Usa lenguaje formal. 250
palabras
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590
Fifty eighth lektion
At lecture theatre
591
Quinquagesimaoctava lección
Medio hambiente II
Reading
592
Writing
Escriba en una carta a la persona que dio la conferencia donde le digas cuales tu
opinion sobre lo que expuso (250 palabras)
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593
Unit
nineteenth
Literature
594
In this unit you will learn:
*Invertion
*Literary English
*Literary English II
*Enphasis / Emphatic do
595
Seventy forth lektion
A learned man
6. After a difficult game and despite any forecast Arsenal win. We interviewed
Lenny Gallagher, Arsenal’s stryke and super start and this was he told us:
How do you feel about having won the game. “I’m really surprised, when I
came out onto the field, I never believed we were gonna win but at the end,
we won by a nose”. Do you believe that other’s team lack of experience
helped your team to win? “I don’t think so. I believed the mistake of the
another team was to sent its most brilliant player to the pavilion. That gave
us the advantage on the field. And what’s the next step in your carrier? I’ll
continue trainin’ till enterin’ to the national team, and after that, training a lot
harder till winnin’ the World Cup”.
7. One of the worst films which I have ever seen has been without doubt the
“Funny Tiger” helmed by Teddy Gupta. The comedy is poorly plotted,
hammily acted and excruciatingly unfunny. I could not stand staying in my
seat more than necessary. The feable script combined with a cast mainly
composed by beginner actors such the actress Paula Smith, who was
miscasted as the forest queen, was another factor which makes you cannot
enjoy the film. The only think which made I did not leave from the cinema in
the first 30 minutes was actress Fernanda Lobato’s cameo. In summe up, I
believe that its director ought to think of retiring once and for all from movie-
making before he shoots another film which makes his carrier sinks still
more.
8. The new sofware system will be available and bring a new interface wich will
be more friendly with people who is not computer-literated. The box also will
come with a new graphic card which will let watch videos in ultra HD. The
packet will have a free UK maindland delivery, for which the most of us will
not have to worry to pay and extra fee for delivery.
596
Complex and adverbial clauses
597
Writing
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Speaking
598
Seventy forth lektion
Small heros
1. Once upon a time, a big and affluent kingdom which was ruled by a wise
king, his beautiful wife and their two children, Charles prince and her little
sister Princess Brenda. Everything went well in their life until the war came.
An enemy that had come from the Middle East commanded by a powerful
magician attacked the kingdoom. To protect their children, the king ordered
to one of his servants to take them to a tiny secret passage so that they
could get away. But the servant turned out to be a traitor. The queen
realized this and go to help her children. After the queen saved them, she
told them to go to another passage that take them to a waterfall where they
have to wait for his cousin. The prince didn’t want to go because he has
always been scaredy-cat, but his mum told him to not be afraid.
2. After several hours walking almost in the darkness, the children reached the
waterfall. They waited for his cousin during days and just when they were
abou to give up on, his cousin arrived with a huge army.
The prince came up him and told him the situation. His cousin wanted to
attack inmediatly but the prince took into him to plan the attack. They
thought of the plan and after thinking of it, they thought the best was to go
ahead his plan that night. When midnight got, the three cousins and his
army got around to not to be detected.
3. The battle lasted little. The prince decided to finish everything went uptairs
till the top of a tower where he found the magician that has turned into a
dragon.
4. After a long battle, the prince was able to win the dispute. After this, the
peace came back to the kingdom and the three children tourned into heros
and were rememberedfor ever. The end
599
Phrasal verbs II
Some phrasal verbs do not change the meaning of the verb. In other cases, the
phrasal verbs expand the meaning of the verb.
600
Writing
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601
Writing
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602
One hundred and fifteenth lektion
International matters
1. Good morning!
2. Good morning, with whom do you wish to speak?
3. I’m looking for the Prime Minister.
4. Who is looking for him?
5. The Ambassador of the United States.
6. The Prime Minister is in a meeting. Should you want, you may take a sit
here while the Prime Minister leaves.
7. Thank you very much!
603
One hundred and fifteenth lección
Politicos
604
Special uses of if
We can change “for” for “should in very formal and literary English. This can be
done only when “if” is at the beginning of the sentence.
If the machines were to be more intelligent, they could conquest the world.
Given the enormous quantity of people who attended to the concert, the band
decided to open other dates.
605
Writing
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606
One hundred and sixteenth lektion
Peaches’ Season
1. First day of school, everyone’s felicity to return to the school could be seen
in the middle of the atmostphere accompanied by the heat of the sun and
the fresh breeze of the summer.
2. Forth semester of the university, one step more to our life together, I though,
while Lidia and I entered school. Never have I thought to be so long with
someone and there we were after four semesters, it is incredible what a jelly
can do.
3. We entered school and as all the semesters I went with her to her
classroom. After having let her in her classroom, I went mine. There, I came
across my friends Julian and Hernan, I had not seen them for ages, but it
was good, the adventure was about to commence …
4. That day, as most professors were absent, Lidia and I went to my house.
When we arrived at there, we realised that my mother and my sister were
not, on a table, they had let a note which said that they had gone to the
supermarket.
5. There was a silence, our faces found one to the another, she stooped her
face letting me see her love, her sensibility and her loyalty. I approached
her, I took her from the waist and kissed her, the love appeared, we went to
my parent’s room, and there, we dedicated to express our love physically.
6. The sandy of the beach burned my feet while I went to the edge of the sea.
That day, my friends and I had left early from the university and as we did
not have anything to do, we decided to go to the beach. When we arrived at
there, we devoted to play football and eating. Luis made a grill with some
steams that he had found there and cooked some tasty fish. It was a good
time. It was nearly four, and everyone was preparing his things to go. As I
wanted to see the sunset one last time, I decided to stay. I went to some
rocks which were over there. The view was stupendous. When I noticed, I
could see a young woman who was watching the sunset too. She was very
fair, with an exceptional body. I approached shily to her. She saw me with
those eyes which made my legs trembled. I asked her name. She told me
that her name was Paula and that she attended at the same school as I. I
was not good at talking girls, but as I could, I asked out her. She accepted
and we arranged to meet next day at Veloso’s coffee shop
607
One hundred and sixteenth lección
Temporada de Duraznos
608
7. It was almos six and Paula did not arrive, as it was late, so I decided to go.
When I was leaving from the coffee shop, Paula appeared running. While
recovering, she told me that she was late for her sister had asked her to
help her to do some things at their house. Being late, and being the
afternoon stupendous, I told her that we went to walk. We traversed whole
Ipanema until arriving at an ice-cream parlour. We talked about many
things, as she was studying photography and that she wanted to work in a
museum. She also told me that her favourite flower was Iris, unknown flower
for me by then. In the afternoon, we said goodbye, she said goodbye with a
kiss in the cheek and I went.
609
7. Ya eran casi las 6 y como no llegaba, decidí irme. Cuando salía del café,
Paula apareció corriendo. Agitada, me dijo que había llegado tarde porque
su hermana le había pedido que se quedara a ayudarle con algunas cosas.
Como ya era tarde y la tarde estaba estupenda, decidí llevarla a pasear,
recorrimos todo Ipanema hasta llegar a una heladería donde le compré un
helado. Hablamos de muchas cosas, que estaba estudiando fotografía y
que quería trabajar en un museo. También me comento que su flor favorita
era Iris, flor desconocida para mi hasta entonces. Ya en la noche nos
despedimos, ella se despidió con un beso en la mejilla y me fui.
610
Inversion
We use the inversion to emphasise a phrase. This structure has the same form
that the interrogative form.
With the words never, never before, rarely, seldom, hardly (ever), no sooner ___
than, the inversion is obligatory.
With the words no sooner ___ than, only, not only ___ but also, not (even) once,
not until, on no account, under no circumstances, by no means, in no way,
nowhere, little can be used or not the inversion.
The expression “it is/was” can be omitted in the inversion when it is used with only
Only after I had children that could I understand my parents. (formal and literary)
It was only after I had children that I could understand my parents. (neutral)
The expressions so + adjective _ that, only after and not only have a special order.
611
Writing
Realiza una parafrasis verbal de esta parte de la historia. Usa lenguaje formal. 250
palabras
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with there should be more money to support writers?
612
One hundred and seventeenth lektion
Peaches’ Season II
1. They were March holidays and as in all March holidays, I had gone to Lidia’s
house. I did not have problems with it, I got on well with her mother and her
sister, even I was teaching Spanish to her niece. The only problem was her
stepfather who always watched me with a suspicious view, but, exept that,
everything was going well in my life with her. That day, we decided to go to
a party which would take place in the square in front of the municipal
building. So we hurried to let her niece slept and we went: Lidia, I, her sister
and her boyfriend. When we arrived at there, we separated, Lidia and I went
to the hoops games where I won a teddy snake, to which we decided to
baptize as our reptilian daughter. Later, we went to the square where there
was a fireworks display. All the sky illuminated with the colours of the
fireworks. At midnight, the major appeared from a balcon of the municipal
building and pronounced a speech, of which I only understood “Live the
heroes of our patry”. After this, everyone returned to his houses. When we
arrived at Lilia’s mother’s house, I installed my bed in the sofa, Lidia so
brought me some sheets that I slept better. Before climbing to her room, she
gave me a kiss.
2. Next day Lidia rose early to give me a morning surprise. When we had
breakfast, I dared to tell her that I had fallen in love with someone else.
When I told her it, she infuriated, and she told me that I had got bored of
her, which hurt me. I told her that I had not let love her, just I had fallen in
love with another person and I asked her whether she wanted to be with me.
Next time that I was with Paula, I feared that the things with Lidia were not
the same, but for my surprise, next weeks were like honey on flakes with
Lidia and I descending from the top of a hill which gave towards the Pão de
Acuçar and my “Corazón”, with whom I liked staying at night until she went
to bed.
613
One hundred and seventeenth lektion
Temporada de Duraznos II
614
Literary English
Vocabulary
Informal Literary
Calm Tranquillity
Chest Breast
Climate Clime
Country Land
Enemy Foe (used in poesy)
From now on Forth
Golden Gilt
Handwriting Hand
Letter
Happiness Felicity
Heavens Sky (used in the religion)
Heaven Paradise
In this way Thus
In the morning On the morrow
Island Isle
Disgusting Ignoble
Horrible
Awful
Morning Morrow
Tomorrow
Peak Fullness
Royal Kingly
Secular Unhallowed
So that So ____ that
To break To rend
To renovate To furbish
To delight To wonder
To worry To fret
Where from Whence
615
Latin words
Informal Formal
Adolescent Teenager
Childhood Infance
Childish Infantile
Devilish Diabolical
Friendly Amicable
Inner Internal (body)
Lower Inferior
Lying Mendacious
Momly Maternal
Dadly Paternal
616
Writing
Escriba una parafrasis de lo que se trata la historia. Usa lenguaje formal. 250
palabras
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617
Speaking
British culture
Tanto el inglés literio como el inglés formal utilizan muchas palabras de origen
latino, esto se debe a los años que estuvo conquistada Inglaterra por extranjeros
despues de la conquista normanda de inglaterra.
618
One hundred and eighteenth lektion
Peaches’ Season (The end)
1. It was almost the middle of the semester and the exams were close, but the
most important is that was Paula’s birthday, 28th April, I remember well it
because that day Vanessa also tourned years, I saw that my two loves
reached the same day as a signal from the sky. That day, Paula and I had
arranged to meet in the bridge which was between the language building
and the stairs before entering the Italian class, in which we were there
together, to give her birthday present, so I hurried to shower and to dress
and I left. When I arrived at there, she had not arrived yet, I waited a while
and she arrived. I took out her letter from my schoolbag and I gave it to her,
it was a small letter involved in a small envelope, with a wax stamp with
three poem sheets inside with purple petals, with an Iris flower in the middle.
As I felt embarrased, I decided to go. In the distance, I could see how Paula
read my letter and how suddenly she moved her hand to her chest giving
me to understand that my letter had arrived at the deepest of her soul. In the
classroom, Paula sat beside me, as I felt very nervous, I decided to go to
buy some sweets. When I returned to the classroom, I gave a sweet to Lidia
and another one to Paula, when I gave her sweet to Paula, she applauded
as a girl when they gave a present that she has expected for a long time, I
liked it much. The class terminated, Paula had left earlier because she had
to do a project, what made me sad. We left from the classroom, Lidia and I.
On the way, I told her that I had given a letter to Paula, which made she
infuriated. I let her in her classroom and I went. Later, as we were on the
bus to return to our houses, I felt her a little distant, but for my surprise,
when we were on the underground, she gave a letter to me which said:
“Looooooove:
2. I know you do love me, you always show me it, I don’t know how you make
it but every day, each day that passes, you demonstrate me all your love
and it’s very beautiful because I never imagined there was somebody that
loves me so a lot, that takes care of me, protects me, support me and that is
always with me in the bads and the goods, I LOVE YOU like you’re, I don’t
want
619
One hundred and eighteenth lección
Temporada de Duraznos (El final)
“Amooooor:
620
change you anything because I love you in that way, I LOVE YOU so. I try to
understand you, to understand that with our love is possible that you wanna share
it with other people that we’re and we’ll be happier but it is difficult for me this
because I’ve always thought that the couples are of two, I’ve never thought that
you could try to be happy not only with one person but with many people. I liked
you had said to me you wanted to be with more people because you’ve got the
courage, confidence and honesty to tell me what you really want. I believe this has
got more worth because it talks me ‘bout you and thought it’s hard to me I wanna
support you, I wanna accept this, I know that in this way you’ll be happier and by
sharing this with me we’ll be very happy, I just want you to know that I really Iove
you, I LOVE YOU I LOVE YOU I LOVE YOU I love you a lot and I’m very happy
with you.
When I finished reading her letter, I felt aims to throw it thought the window of the
underground, huge her and tell her that I already knew it and that I love her too.
But I didn’t. When I arrived at home, I lied down on my bed looking at the roof
feeling satisfaction about what had happened in the day.
3. The sun illuminated my room while I was keeping a teddy bear that I had
bought to Paula. It was already the end of the semester and everyone
was nervous for the exams, but I was more nervous because that day
would be the day when I would confess my love to Paula. I had arranged
to meet her at Science Faculty beside the fountain. I was scared about
the weather was bad but for my surprise the day was stupendous with a
wonderful blue of the sky and an extraordinary view. I was a long time
seeing the sea until Paula appeared. We were a long time talking and
while we were watching how the first star appeared in the firmament I
confessed my love to Paula what she answered me that she has already
boyfriend, it destroyed me. That night, I could not sleep, the pain seized
me every time that I remembered the moments that I spent with her, the
time when I gave her letter and how I had met her at the rocks. I could
not continue. Next day I took my things and took the bus to Leblón, place
where my “Amor” dwelled. While I was on the bus, I saw how the sun hid
into the sea while I was going to an uncertain destiny. I arrived at her
house and I rang the bell. When she opened the door, I was prepared to
end the relationship when she jumped crying and hugged me strongly.
She was in that way a long time until I felt that she had cried all she was
inside of her. Still wetted by her tears, she separated from me, she
looked me straight in my eye and said “I’m pregnant”.
621
cambiarte nada porque así me gustas, así TE AMO, soy muy feliz contigo. (patita
de gato) Yo trato de entenderte, de entender que con nuestro amor es posible que
tu kieras compartirlo con mas personas que así somos y seremos mas felices pero
me cuesta trabajo aceptar que y seremos mas felices pero me cuesta trabajo
aceptar que puedo compartirte con alguien mas, me cuesta adaptarme a esto
porque siempre he pensado esto, (el que las parejas sean de dos) nunca me paso
por la cabeza que puedes intentar ser feliz no solo con una persona sino que
compartir tu amor con mas personas, pero también pienso que es mejor que sea
así, que tu tengas el valor, confianza y honestidad de decirme lo que realmente
quieres con esto me dices como eres, no me lo ocultas creo que a veces es mejor
esto a que seas engañado o engañada, creo que eso cuenta mas porque me
habla de ti y aunque me cueste trabajo quiero apoyarte, quiero aceptar esto, se
que así serás mas feliz y al compartirlo conmigo seremos muy felices, solo quiero
que sepas que te amo TE AMO TE AMO DEMASIADO TE AMO DEMASIADO y
soy muy feliz a tu lado. Cuando la leía, me dieron ganas de aventar su carta por la
ventana del metro y decirle que ya lo sabía y que yo también la amaba, lo cual no
hice. Llegué a mi casa y me acosté mirando al techo sintiendo satisfacción de lo
que había pasado en el día.
622
Literary English II
Shall
If
In very formal and literary English we can change “if” for “should” at the beginning
of the clause.
In formal and literary English, we can invert the verb instead of using if.
Inversion
In literary English, we sometimes use the inversion with as, than and so +
adjective.
623
So tired was I that I arrived at home and I fell sleep. (literary)
We often use the invention with the verbs said, asked, suggested etc when these
follow a direct speech (exept when the subject is a pronoun)
What did you think? Asked Henry. But What did you think? He asked.
624
Writing
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with modern literature is better than old literature?
625
One hundred and fourteenth lektion
The confession
1. I shall tell you a story that perhaps you have already heard but perhaps not.
It is a story between you and I. I consider that everything commences when
I meet you. When I enter throught the door and I see you for the first time,
you do not generate any special feeling on me, I just enter and sit beside
you. The class finished and I left from the classroom and when I spotted that
you are looking at me, but I do not tell you anything. The weeks pass and I
commenced feeling something for you, maybe it was your brown eyes as
mountains, your white skin as the snow or your such a magnificent way of
being, whatever has been, something on you made that I absolutely fell in
love with you, the problem was that when I was about to tell you what I felt
for you, as a huge wall which has been built all of a sudden between us, you
tell me that you have a boyfriend. I think that there is not any problem,
however, there is a story with another young woman which has not been
told until now. The months pass and everything goes in the same way, the
semesters begin and break up, you are still with your boyfriend and I make
another month with my girlfried, even I commenced thinking of what we are
going to do for our third anniversary. All of a sudden, one day, you tell me,
during our dairy conversation, that you has left your boyfriend. I must
confess that I do not remember much of this part, the only thing which I
remember is that little by little you commenced opening the door of you to
me, I think that that conversation about you ought not to feel guilty about I
have a girlfriend pay dividents. Little by little you commenced accepting the
beautiful nickname that I put you and you commenced answering my good
night huge and your front kiss that I sent to you. By this point, I decide to tell
my girlfriend that I have fallen in love with you. At the begining, she
enfurated but she ended up accepting it and she tells me that she does love
me. The proper drama commences when is moment to tell you that I did
really love you, I tell you stupidly, and this has been probably the reason
why you have gone, that you were not as importat as my girlfriend was. As a
matter of fact, you were more important for me than she was because with
you I felt a proper deep love that I never felt for her. I imagined with you a
life that never did I think with her. Now that I have told this, and even when I
feel sad and lonely without you, I only can say to you that it is wonderful that
you has found someone so generous brave and honest as you say that your
boyfriend is and I am just very happy for you.
626
One hundred and fourteenth lektion
La confesión
1. Te contaré una historia que tal vez ya hayas oido pero tal vez no. Es una
historia entre tú y yo. Considero que todo comienza cuando te conosco.
Cuando entro atraves de la puerta y te veo por primera vez, no generaste
algo especial en mi, solo entro y me siento a tu lado. La clase termina y
salgo del salón de clases y cuando me doy cuenta, me estás mirando, pero
no te digo nada. Las semanas pasan y comienzo a sentir algo por ti pero
cuando estoy a punto de decirtelo, como un muro que se ha construido de
repente entre los dos, me dices que tienes novio. Pienso que no hay
problema, como sea, hay una historia con otra chica que no se ha contado.
Los meses pasan y todo sigue igual, tu estás todavia con tu novio y yo
cumplo otro mes con mi novia incluso empieso a pensar en que vamos a
hacer para nuestro tercer aniversario. De repente, un dia, me dices, durante
nuestra conversación diaria, que has dejado a tu novio. Debo confesar que
no recuerdo mucho de esta parte, lo unico que recuerdo es que poco a
poco comienzas a abrir la puerta que da hacia a tí a mi, pienso que esa
conversación de que no deberias sentirte mal de que tenga novia dio frutos.
Poco a poco comienzas a aceptar el apodo que te puse y comienzas a
responder mi abrazo de buenas noches y el tu beso en la frente que te
enviaba. Para este punto, decido decirle a mi novia que me he enamorado
de ti. Al principio, se enoja pero termina aceptandolo y le digo que la amo.
Pero es aqui donde el problema comienza, cuando el momento de decirte
que te amo llega, te digo, y tal vez esta sea la razón por la que te fuiste, que
no eras tan importante como ella. Diciendo la verdad, eras más importante
que ella. Y ahora que he dicho esto, puedo irme sabiendo que estas con
alguien que te pudo decir esto.
627
Emphasis
We’re starving.
4. Using simile.
It was my brother who cut down the apple tree (emphasis in the brother)
It was the apple tree that my brother cut down (emphasis in the tree)
628
Writing
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Speaking
Do you agree or disagree with the people is speak using words of other
languages?
629
Appendix
630
Idioms
631
To take a sabbatical year Tomar un año sabatico
The minute Desde el omento en que
For all the tea in China Ni por todo el oro del mundo
It’s (just) Greek to me Esta en Chino
Here and there De aqui y de alla
Know what I mean Sabes a lo que me refiero
A real chip off the old block De tal palo tal astilla
Don’t cross your bridges before Todo a su tiempo
A picture is worth a thousand words Una imagen vale mas que mil palabras
Better safe than sorry Mas vale prevenir que lamentar
You live and learn Todos los dias se aprende algo nuevo
What’s got with Brian? Y ahora que tiene Brian?
To be in very high spirits Estar de muy buen humor
To be on cloud nine Andar bien emocionado
Can’t take Chocar
To be off his rocket Perder la cabeza
What’s all this about? Y eso de que
To tell you umpteen times Decirlo un millon de veces
Here catch Toma
What time are you off? A que horas te vas
Last drink Ultima copa
What’s is name Como se llame
632
Irregular verbs
633
find – found – found
Fit – fit/fitted – fit/fitted
flee – fled – fled
fling – flung – flung
fly – flew – flown
forbid – forbade – forbidden
forget – forgot – forgotten
forgive – forgave - forgiven
forsake – forsook – forsaken
freeze – froze – frozen
get – got – got
give – gave – given
go – went – gone
grow – grew – grown
hang – hung/hanged – hung/hanged
have – had – had
hear – heard – heard
hide – hid – hidden
hit – hit – hit
hold – held – held
hurt – hurt – hurt
keep – kept – kept
know – knew – known
lay – laid – laid
lead – led – led
lean – leant/leaned – leant/leaned
learn – learnt/learned – learnt/learned
leave – left – left
lend – lent – lent
let – let – let
lie – lay – lain
lose – lost – lost
make – made – made
mean – meant – meant
meet – met – met
pay – paid – paid
prove – proved – proved/proven
put – put – put
quit – quit – quit
read – read – read
rend – rent – rent
ride – rode – ridden
ring – rang – rung
634
rise – rose – risen
run – ran – run
saw – sawed – sawn/sawed
say – said – said
see – saw – seen
seek – sought – sought
sell – sold – sold
send – sent – sent
set – set – set
shake – shook – shaken
shoot – shot – shot
show – showed – shown
shrink – shrank – shrunk
shrive – shrove – shriven
shut – shut – shut
sing – sang – sung
sink – sank – sunk
sit – sat – sat
sleep – slept – slept
sling – slung – slung
slink – slunk – slunk
smell – smelt/smelled – smelt
speak – spoke – spoken
spell – spelled/spelt – spelled/spelt
spend – spent – spent
Spill – spilt/spilled – spoil/spilt
Spoil – Spoilt/spoiled – Spoil/spoiled
spread – spread – spread
spring – sprang – sprung
stand – stood – stood
stave – staved/stove – staved/stove
steal – stole – stolen
stink – stank – stunk
strike – struck – stricken
swear – swore – sworn
swim – swam – swum
swing – swung – swung
take – took – taken
teach – taught – taught
tear – tore – torn
tell – told – told
think – thought – thought
throw – threw – thrown
635
thrust – thrust/thrusted – thrust/thrusted
wake – woke – woken
wear – wore – worn
weep – wept – wept
win – won – won
wring – wrang/wrung – wrung
write – wrote – written
636
Verbs
Verb Meaning
Ta abandon Abandonar
To embrace Abrazar
To open Abrir
To bore Aburrir
To accept Aceptar
To advise Aconsejar
To remember Acordar
To act Actuar
To accuse Acusar
To guess Adivinar
To admire Admirar
To accept Admitir
To adore Adorar
To warn Advertir
To affect Afectar
To affirm Afirmar
To thank Agradecer
To drown Ahogar
To love Amar
To announce Anunciar
To appear Aparecer
To separate Apartar
To applaud Aplaudir
To contribute Aportar
To lean Apoyar
To appreciate Apreciar
To learn Aprender
To approve Aprobar
To pull Arrastrar
To repair Arreglar
To regret Arrepentir
To arrest Arrestar
To risk Arriesgar
To murder Asesinar
637
To assassinate
To secure Asegurar
To attend Asistir
To scared Asustar
To attack Atacar
To attract Atraer
To catch Atrapar
To cross Atravesar
To increase Aumentar
To advance Avanzar
To shame Avergonzar
To help Ayudar
To dance Bailar
To bath Bañar
To whip Batir
To drink Beber
To kiss Besar
To tan Broncear
To fall Caerse
To calm Calmar
To change Cambiar
To walk Caminar
To cancel Cancelar
To tire Cansar
To sing Cantar
To marry Casar
To dig Cavar
To hunt Cazar
To close Cerrar
To earn Cobrar
To cook Cocinar
To fuck Coger
To place Colocar
To colour Colorear
To combine Combinar
To begin Comenzar
To eat Comer
To share Compartir
To complete Completar
To repair Componer
To behave Comportar
To buy Comprar
To understand Comprender
To compete Concursar
To trust Confiar
638
To confirm Confirmar
To drive Conducir
To conjugate Conjugar
To know Conocer
To conquer Conquistar
To get Conseguir
To maintain Conservar
To consider Considerar
To build Construir
To count Contar
To answer Contestar
To continue Continuar
To control Controlar
To copy Copiar
To correct Corregir
To run Correr
To cut Cortar
To cost Costar
To create Crear
To grown Crecer
To believe Creer
To cover Cubrir
To recover Curar
To damage Dañar
To give Dar
To say Decir
To tell
To decide Decidir
To declare Declarar
To dedicate Dedicar
To defend Defender
To let Dejar
To spell Deletrear
To demonstrate Demostrar
To disappear Desaparecer
To develop Desarrollarse
To unplug Desconectar
To describa Describir
To discover Descubrir
To neglect Descuidar
To destroy Destruir
To wish Desear
To disobey Desobedecer
To detest Detestar
To undress Desvestir
639
To draw Dibujar
To apologize Disculpar
To discuss Discutir
To enjoy Disfrutar
To design Diseñar
To provide Disponer
To distinguish Distinguir
To amuse Divertir
To hurt Doler
To divorce Divorciar
To donate Donar
To sleep Dormir
To doubt Dudar
To last Durar
To choose Elegir
To push Empujar
To bewitch Encantar
To find Encontrar
To deceive Engañar
To anger Enojar
To enrich Enriquecer
To practice Ensayar
To teach Enseñar
To understand Entender
To give Entregar
To train Entrenar
To send Enviar
To climb Escalar
To choose Escoger
To listen Escuchar
To write Escribir
To wait Esperar
To hope
To study Estudiar
To avoid Evitar
To dig Excavar
To exist Existir
To experiment Experimentar
To explain Explicar
To explore Explorar
To express Expresar
To miss Extrañar
To import Importar
To fail Fallar
To form Formar
640
To fry Freír
To work Funcionar
To smoke Fumar
To win Ganar
To guarantee Garantizar
To spend Gastar
To shout Gritar
To keep Guardar
To guide Guiar
To like Gustar
To talk Hablar
To do Hacer
To make
To boil Hervir
To injure Herir
To bake Hornear
To flee Huir
To sink Hundir
To identify Identificar
To imagine Imaginar
To begin Iniciar
To register Inscribir
To inspire Inspirar
To try Intentar
To interest Interesar
To interrogate Interrogar
To flood Inundar
To invent Inventar
To research Investigar
To go Ir
To invite Invitar
To pull Jalar
To play Jugar
To swear Jurar
To regret Lamentar
To hurt Lastimar
To wash Lavar
To read Leer
To clean Limpiar
To call Llamar
To arrive Llegar
To fill Llenar
To cry Llorar
To rain Llover
To achieve Lograr
641
To fight Luchar
To maltreat Maltratar
To send Mandar
To order Mandar (dar
órdenes)
To drive Manejar
To support Mantener
To mark Marcar
To cheaw Masticar
To kill Matar
To measure Medir
To improve Mejorar
To memorize Memorizar
To lie Mentir
To mix Mesclar
To put Meter
To look Mirar
To wet Mojar
To bother Molestar
Mirir Morir
To show Mostrar
Move Mover
To swim Nadar
To need Necesitar
To negate Negar
To snow Nevar
To obligate Obligar
To watch Observar
To hide Ocultar
To hear Oír
To forget Olvidar
To order Ordenar
To tidy Ordenar (poner en
orden)
To hate Odiar
To organize Organizar
To offer Ofrecer
To pay Pagar
To stop Parar
To participate Participar
To split Partir
to leave Partir (irse)
To pass Pasar
To ask Pedir
To beat Pegar
642
To attach Pegar
(pegamento)
To comb Peinar
To fight Pelear
To think Pensar
To loose Perder
To forgive Perdonar
To allow Permitir
To put Poner
To prefer Preferir
To ask Preguntar
To worry Preocupar
To present Presentar
To borrow Prestar
To lend (a alguien)
To prevent Prevenir
To prove Probar
To produce Producir
To prohibit Prohibir
To promise Prometer
To pronounce Pronunciar
To protect Proteger
To stay Quedar
(permanecer)
To complain Quejar
To burn Quemar
To want Querer
To take Quitar
To receive Recibir
To reject Rechazar
To protest Reclamar
To collect Recoger
To recommend Recomendar
To recognize Reconocer
To remember Recordar
To laugh Reír
To give Regalar
To repair Reparar
To distribute Repartir
To repeat Repetir
To rescue Rescatar
To resist Resistir
To resolve Resolver
To answer Responder
To review Revisar
643
To steal (general) Robar
To mug (en la
calle o en el
transporte publico)
To rob (banco)
To break Romper
To know Saber
To jump Saltar
To leave Salir
To greet Saludar
To save Salvar
To dry Secar
To follow Seguir
To sit Sentar
To feel Sentir
To ask Solicitar
To sound Sonar
To smile Sonreír
To dream Soñar
To blow Soplar
To support Soportar
To surprise Sorprender
To survive Sobrevivir
To raise Subir
To highlight Subrayar
To happen Suceder
To suffer Sufrir
To suggest Sugerir
To suppose Suponer
To throw Tirar
To call Telefonear
To finish Terminar
To touch Tocar
To play Tocar
(instrumento)
To take Tomar
To work Trabajar
To translate Traducir
To bring Traer
To try Tratar
To use Usar/utilizar
To see Ver
To sell Vender
To come Venir
To win Vencer
644
To dress Vestir
To travel Viajar
To visit Visitar
To live Vivir
To fly Volar
To become Volver (se)
645
Phrasal Verbs
646
Bring up Educar (un niño) I was brought up in
Sacar el tema de/hablar de Cambridge
Jennifer brought up my new
job
Calm down Calmarse Calm down!
Catch up on Ponerse al corriente
Catch up Alcanzar (igualar)
with
Check in Registrarse (un hotel)
Check out Registrarse de salida (de un hotel)
Check up on Comprobar (informacion)
Investigar (algo o a alguien)
Close down Clausurar
Come Encontrarse (alguien o algo por
across accidente)
Come down Caer
Come down Estar enfermo de
with Tener (una enfermedad)
Come in Entrar
Come into Heredar
Come out Salir
Salir a la venta
Come round Volver en si
Come up Acercarse
Come up Sugerir/pensar/encontrar/proponer
with una idea, un plan o una solucion
Cut down Talar
Reducir (+ verbo)
Cut down on Reducir (+ sustantivo)
Hacer recortes en
Cut off Cortar (completamente) I cut off mi finger
Die down Calmarse/tranquilizarse The wind died down
(viento/fuego/ruido)
Do up Remodelar We’re doing up my flat
Do with Se me antoja
Do without Vivir sin
Drag along Arrastrar
Draw back Hacerse para atras
Dress up Vestir (de gala) I dressed up for Mary’s
wedding
Drop in (to) Visitar (a) I drop in (on) my parents on
vacations
Drop out Dejar (de estudiar) I dropped out when I was 22
End up Terminar I ended up going on foot
Face up with Afrontar
647
Fall apart Desacerse The robber tried to fall apart
of the evidence
Fall behind Atrasarse The plane fell behind
Fall out Pelear(se) The two men fell out outside
the house
Feel like Tener ganas de I feel like a cup of coffe
Fill in Llenar (un espacio en blanco/una
forma)
Find out Descubrir
Fit in Caber The sofa doesn’t fit in the
living room
Fit with in Encajar
Get ahead Salir Adelante
Get around Moverse (desplazarse de un lugar
a otro)
Get away Escapar (de un peligro) (salirse de
un lugar incomodo)
Irse de vacaciones
Get away Salirse con las suya
with
Get by Arreglarselas
Get down Ponerse a
Get down to Ir al grano
Get from Escaparse (de alguien)
Get in Entrar (carro)
Get back Regresar (de un lugar)
Get off Bajarse (carro)
Get on Llevarse bien
Lazarse (hacer algo o ir a un lugar)
Continuar hacienda algo que ya no
se hacia o que se tiene miedo de
continuar)
Go out Andar (novios)
Get out of Irse/ salir (con necesidad)
Levantarse (de la cama)
Evitar hacer algo que no quieres,
especialmente poniendo escusas
Get over Recuperarse
Mejorarse (enfermedad)
Get over Hacer/terminar (algo que no
with quieres hacer)
Get through Terminar (algo)
Get up Despertarse
Give away Donar
Regular
Give in darse por vencido
648
Give off Emitir
Give out Distribuir
No resistir
Give up Rendirse
Give up on Perder la fe
Go ahead Llevar acabo
Go around Ir por ahi
Go back Ir de regreso
Go by Pasar (el tiempo)
Go Bajar (las escaleras)
downstairs
Go in Entrar
Go for Elegir
Go off Explotar (una bomba)
Dejar de gustar
Go on Pasar
Go out Salir
Go over Darle vueltas
Go through Ir mal
Tener que pasar
Go up Aumentar
Subir
Go upstairs Subir (las escaleras)
Hang around Pasar (el tiempo con alguien)
Hang up Colgar (telefono)
Hit back Atacar a alguien que te ataco o te
critico
Hit it off Llevarse bien (la primera vez que
se conocieron)
Hold back Aguantar(se)/contener (emosion)
Hold on Esperar (telefono)
Agarrarse (sujetarse)
Hold up Hacer esperar
Hacer que alguien llegue tarde
Atracar
Keep away Mantenerse lejos
Keep on Insister
Keep in Castirgar (un niño)
Keep down Disminuir
Keep to Seguir adelante con
Keep up Seguir el ritmo
Key in Teclear
Knock out Noquear
Knock down Demoler
Let off Quedar libre
649
Lit up Iluminar
Live up to Estar a la altura
Log in Iniciar session
Log off Cerrar session
Look after Cuidar
Look down Ver por debajo
on
Look for Buscar
Look forward Tener muchas ganas de (que algo
to pase)
Look into Investigar
Look thought Leer (normalmente rapidamente)
Look up Buscar (en el diccionario o en el
directorio)
Look up to Admirar
Make for Dirigirse hacia
Make out Alcanzar a ver/escuchar/
Poder entender
Make up Hacer las pases
Maquillarse
Inventar
Make up for Compensar
Miss out Perder (la oportundiad de hacer
algo)
Move in Mudarse
Pass away Fallecer
Pass off Hacer pasar por
Pay off Liquidar/pagar (una deuda)
Pick up Aprender (un idioma o habilidad)
Recoger
Pull away Arrancar
Pull on Vestirse (rapidamente)
Pull up Detenerse (carro)
Put down Bajar (algo que estas agarrando)
Put off Desalentar
Posponer
Put out Apagar (fuego, luz)
Put through Pasar (por telefono)
Put together Armar (algo)
Put up Protestar
Dar alojamiento
Quedarse (en un lugar
temporalmente o de vacaciones)
Eregir/construer/levantar
Put up with Tolelar
650
Run away Huir
Run into Encontrarse (a alguien)
Pegarse/estrellarse/chocar (con
algo sin querer)
Run out of Quedarse sin
Save up Ahorrar
Sell out Agotarse (algo en venta)
Venderse (acabarse)
Sell out of Vender todo
Send off Enviar
Set about Ponerse a
Set aside Dejar de (momentaneamente)
Set back Retrasar(se)
Set off/out Salir de viaje
Set up Poner (un negocio)
Shut down Cerrar (un negocio)
Slip on Ponerse (algo rapidamente)
Slip out Salirse (comentario)
Stand out Resaltar
Start out Empezar a trabajar
Empezar (poniendo enfasis en el
inicio)
Stop over Quedarse (en un lugar camino una
o dos noches cuando se va en
camino a otro lugar o de regreso a
casa)
Take after Parecerse (a alguien de la familia)
Actuar como/ser como (alguien de
la familia)
Take back Regresar
Take in Captar (entender)
Engañar (passive)
Take off Despegar
Take on Hacerse cargo de
Take out Sacar
Take over Encangarse de
Take up Empezar (un nuevo hobby o
deporte)
Ocupar tiempo)
Talk into Convencer (a alguien de que haga
algo)
Team up Hacer equipo
Tell apart Distinguir
Diferenciar
Team up Hacer equipo
651
Tidy up Recoger (cuarto)
Turn back Regresar (un camino cuando se
tiene un mal precentimiento)
Turn down Bajar (el volumen) Can you turn out the radio?
Rechazar
Turn into Convertirse en
Turn off Apagar
Turn on Prender
Turn out Acudir
Turn up Subir (volume)
Calentarse (maquina)
Aparecer
Wake up Despertarse
Wear off Desaparecer (sentimiento o efecto
de algo)
Write down Anotar
Write up Escribir (cuando se saca la
informacion de varias fuentes)
Work on Hacer (algo que se lleva rato
haciendo o que se esta
desarrollando
Work out Calculary
Resolver
652
Numbers
0 Zero 10 Ten
1 One 11 Eleven
2 Two 12 Twelve
3 Three 13 Thirteen
4 Four 14 Fourteen
5 Five 15 Fifteen
6 Six 16 Sixteen
7 Seven 17 Seventeen
8 Eight 18 Eighteen
9 Nine 19 Nineteen
Numbers from 20 to 99
20 Twenty 60 Sixty
30 Thirty 70 Seventy
40 Forty 80 Eighty
50 Fifty 90 Ninety
The numbers with ten and unit are built by putting the ten + hyphen + unit.
Example: 21 = Twenty-one
32 = Thirty-two
653
The numbers with hundred has got ten, unit or they both, it puts “and” between the
hundred and the rest of the number.
When we talk about years, we pronounce the numbers as they were separated
tens.
Ex. The year 1994 is pronounced as nineteen ninety-four, and not “one thousand
nine hundred and ninety-four.
654
Vocabulary
List
655
video must be
related with
the topics of
the class and
must last at
least 15
minutes)
4 Read all the Try to speak Try to write Watch 16
lektions of last the most the most cartoons for
three unites clearly that clearly that children in
and learn of you can you can English (each
the vocaculary video must be
that they have related with
the topics of
the class and
must last at
least 20
minutes)
5 Read all the Try to speak Try to write Watch 16
lektions of the the most the most cartoons
unite clearly that clearly that chapters in
you can you can English (each
video must be
related with
the topics of
the class and
must last at
least 30
minutes)
6 Read all the Try to speak Try to write Watch 16
lektions of the the most the most cartoons
unite clearly that clearly that chapters in
you can you can English (each
video must be
related with
the topics of
the class and
must last at
least 30
minutes)
7 Read all the Try to speak Try to write Watch 16
lektions of the the most the most cartoons
unite clearly that clearly that chapters in
you can you can English (each
video must be
related with
656
the topics of
the class and
must last at
least 30
minutes)
8 Read Try to speak Try to write Watch 16
completely a the most the most cartoons
A2 literary clearly that clearly that chapters in
book in you can you can English (each
English video must be
related with
the topics of
the class and
must last at
least 30
minutes)
9 Read all the Speaking Send Watch 16
lektions of the using as much menssages to documentaries
unite phrasal verbs two friends in English
as you can only in English (each video
must be
related with
the topics of
the class and
must last at
least 1 hour)
10 Read all the Speaking Send Watch 16
lektions of the using as much menssages to documentaries
unite phrasal verbs four friends in English
as you can only in English (each video
must be
related with
the topics of
the class and
must last at
least 1 hour)
11 Read all the Speaking Send Watch 16
lektions of the using as much menssages to documentaries
unite phrasal verbs six friends in English
as you can only in English (each video
must be
related with
the topics of
the class and
must last at
least 1 hour)
657
12 Read Speaking Send Watch 16
completely a using as much menssages to documentaries
B1 literary phrasal verbs eight friends in English
book in as you can only in English (each video
English must be
related with
the topics of
the class and
must last at
least 1 hour)
13 Read all the Speak to four Enroll to a free Watch 16
lektions of the englismen forum and british films
unite write without
subtitles
14 Read 16 news Speak to four Enroll to a free Watch 16
in English Scottishes forum and british films
write without
subtitles
15 Read 16 Speak to four Enroll to a free Watch 16
scientific irishes forum and british films
magazine write without
articles subtitles
16 Read Speak to four Enroll to a free Watch 16
completely a walishes forum and british films
B2 literary write without
book in subtitles
English
17 Look for all Speaking with Enroll in a Watch 12
your non- 4 native one-month british films
important speakers from completely in and 4
information in the United English course american films
English States related with without
something you subtitles
like where you
had to write
18 Read Speaking with Enroll in a Watch 12
completely a 4 native one-month british films
literary british speakers from completely in and 4
book in Australia English course australian
English related with films without
something you subtitles
like where you
had to write
658
19 Read Speaking with Enroll in a Watch 12
completely a 4 native one-month british films
literary speakers from completely in and 4
american book Canada English course canadian films
in English related with without
something you subtitles
like where you
had to write
20 Read Speaking with Enroll in a Listen to the
completely a 4 native one-month news on the
C1 literary speakers from completely in radio 16 times
book in India English course (each time
English related with must last at
something you least 1 hour
like where you and 30
had to write minutes)
21 Read Speaking with Enroll in a Listen to 16
completely a 4 native completely C1 recordings
literary speakers from English course (each time
australian Africa related with must last at
book in what I do and least 1 hour
English where I had to and 30
write in minutes)
English
22 Read Make a 10 Enroll in a Listen to 16
completely a minutes lenght completely C1 recordings
literary video about English course (each time
canadian book something you related with must last at
in English like what I do and least 1 hour
where I had to and 30
write in minutes)
English
23 Read Make a 10 Enroll in a Listen to 16
completely a minutes lenght completely C1 recordings
literary indian video about English course (each time
book in something you related with must last at
English like what I do and least 1 hour
where I had to and 30
write in minutes)
English
24 Read Make a 10 Enroll in a Listen to 16
completely a minutes lenght completely C1 recordings
literary African video about English course (each time
book in something you related with must last at
English like what I do and least 1 hour
where I had to and 30
659
write in minutes)
English
Bibliography
660
Felicity O’Dell/Annie Broadhead, Objective Advanced, Cambridge University Press
Sobre el autor
Cursos y certificaciones
661
TOEFL Test Preparation: The Insider’s Guide
DELF B2
662
663