Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
• ETAPAS CONSTRUCTIVAS:
Movimiento de tierras
Drenaje
Pavimentos
Señalización
Obras de conexión
FRENTES DE TRABAJO
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
• ETAPAS CONSTRUCTIVAS:
Despalme
Desmonte
Corte
Terraplén
Subrasante
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
• ETAPAS CONSTRUCTIVAS:
Despalme
Desmonte
Corte
Terraplén
Subrasante
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
• ETAPAS CONSTRUCTIVAS:
• Voladura
• Uso de canteras
• Planta chancadora
• Planta de producción de concreto
asfáltico
• Planta de hormigón
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
• ETAPAS CONSTRUCTIVAS:
• Movilización y desmovilización
• Topografía y georreferenciación
• Tránsito y seguridad vial
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
• MOVIMIENTO DE TIERRAS
• Cortar y remover el material
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
• MOVIMIENTO DE TIERRAS
• Cortar y remover el material
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
• OPERACIONES PREVIAS
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
• ESCARIFICADO
• Disgregación de la capa superficial
del terreno, efectuado por medios
mecánicos. Generalmente se
emplean herramientas especiales
acopladas a tractores de gran
potencia (bulldozers) que se
encargan simultáneamente de la
eliminación del terreno vegetal y
del proceso de escarificado.
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
• Diagrama de masas
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
• Obras de drenaje
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
• Obras de drenaje
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FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN LA FORMACIÓN DE
LOS CAUDALES
• FACTORES DE LLUVIA
• Duración
• Intensidad
• Frecuencia
• Variación temporal
• FACTORES DE LA CUENCA
• Morfometría
• Uso del suelo
• Almacenamiento
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FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN LA
FORMACIÓN DE LOS CAUDALES
• DURACIÓN
• Periodo de análisis
• Los periodos de lluvias y tormentas tienen una duración entre
5 minutos y 24 horas y se utilizan para el cálculo de crecientes
• INTENSIDAD
• Volumen de precipitación por unidad de tiempo
• Se expresa en milímetros por hora (mm/h)
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FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN LA
FORMACIÓN DE LOS CAUDALES
• FRECUENCIA
• Medida de la probabilidad de ocurrencia de eventos mayores o
iguales al que se analiza.
• VARIACIÓN TEMPORAL
• Llamada también patrón
• Representada por el hietograma de la lluvia
• La duración se divide en intervalos iguales “n” y a cada intervalo
le corresponde una parte de la precipitación total
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FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN LA FORMACIÓN DE
LOS CAUDALES
• ALAMCENAMIENTO
• Capacidad de regulación por almacenamiento
• Embalses
• Corrientes de drenaje
• Depósitos subterráneos
• VARIACIÓN TEMPORAL
• Llamada también patrón
• Representada por el hietograma de la lluvia
• La duración se divide en intervalos iguales “n” y a cada intervalo le corresponde una parte de la
precipitación total
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FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN LA FORMACIÓN DE
LOS CAUDALES
• MORFOMETRÍA
• Características físicas de la cuenca vertiente.
• Área
• Longitud del cauce principal
• Forma
• Pendiente del cauce
• Pendiente de la ladera
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FORMAS DE DRENAJE
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TIPOS DE DRENAJE
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DRENAJE LONGITUDINAL O SUPERFICIAL
• CUNETAS
• CONTRACUNETAS
• BOMBEO
• ZAMPEADOS
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DRENAJE TRANSVERSAL
• PUENTES
• BÓVEDAS
• ALCANTARILLAS
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DRENAJE SUBTERRÁNEO
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DRENAJE SUBTERRÁNEO
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
• Pavimentos
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
• Pavimentos
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CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CARRETERAS
• Pavimentos
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