ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA NACIONAL

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA

MECANICA DE MATERIALES APLICADA

Fecha de entrega: Integrantes: Aguilar Dilon
Page 1 of 1
2023-09-13 Díaz Steven
Pungacho Ismael
Safla Sebastián
Tema: Deflexión en vigas de sección variable

Para la viga de sección cilíndrica variable, usando funciones de singularidad en Excel, realizar lo siguiente:

1. Los diagramas de fuerza cortante y momento de flexión

2. Calcular numéricamente la pendiente y deflexión y determinar los valores máximos. Usar un módulo
elástico de 200 GPa.

Dividir la longitud del eje en 200 partes. Usar los siguientes valores para la viga:

P=600 N

L=200mm

d = diámetro de la sección menor =12mm

D= diámetro de la sección mayor = 1.25d= 15mm

Fig.1 Viga

Fig. 2 Esquema de la viga.

 DCL-viga

Cálculo de inercias de la viga y módulo de elasticidad:

E 200000 Mpa
I1 2035.75204 mm4
I2 2182.99796 mm4

A continuación, se presentará las ecuaciones de fuerza cortante (V) y de momento flector (M) con sus
respectivos diagramas.

𝑀ሺ𝑥ሻ = 525𝑥 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 0 < 𝑥 < 50 𝑚𝑚

𝑀ሺ𝑥ሻ = 30000 − 75𝑥 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 50 𝑚𝑚 < 𝑥 < 150 𝑚𝑚
𝑀ሺ𝑥ሻ = 75000 − 375𝑥 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 150 𝑚𝑚 < 𝑥 < 200 𝑚𝑚
Diagrama Fuerza cortante (V):

Fuerza cortante vs posición

800

600

400

200
V (N)

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
-200

-400

-600
x (mm)

Fig. 1 Diagrama Fuerza cortante

Diagrama de Momento flector (M):

 Momento cortante vs Posición
30000

25000

20000
M (N*mm)
15000

10000

5000

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
x (mm)

Fig. 3 Diagrama Momento flector

Una vez realizado los diagramas se puede calcular la pendiente y deflexión los cuales se presentarán en la
siguiente tabla.

Para el calculo de la pendiente relativa se utilizó la siguiente ecuación.

𝑀 (1)
𝜃𝑎⁄𝑏 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝐸𝐼

De la misma forma para la pendiente se utilizó la ecuación.

𝑀 (2)
𝜃𝑎 = 𝜃𝑏 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝐸𝐼

Y finalmente para la deflexión.

(3)
𝑣 = ∫ 𝜃𝑎 𝑑𝑥

x (mm) V (N) M (N mm) M/EI Pendiente Pendiente Deflexión

relativa (rad) (rad) (mm)
0 525 0 0 0 -0.00791657 0
1 525 525 1.28945E-06 6.44725E-07 -0.007915925 -0.007916248
2 525 1050 2.5789E-06 2.5789E-06 -0.007913991 -0.015831206
3 525 1575 3.86835E-06 5.80252E-06 -0.007910767 -0.023743585
4 525 2100 5.1578E-06 1.03156E-05 -0.007906254 -0.031652096
5 525 2625 6.44725E-06 1.61181E-05 -0.007900452 -0.039555449
6 525 3150 7.7367E-06 2.32101E-05 -0.00789336 -0.047452355
7 525 3675 9.02615E-06 3.15915E-05 -0.007884978 -0.055341524
8 525 4200 1.03156E-05 4.12624E-05 -0.007875308 -0.063221667
9 525 4725 1.1605E-05 5.22227E-05 -0.007864347 -0.071091495
10 525 5250 1.28945E-05 6.44725E-05 -0.007852098 -0.078949717
11 525 5775 1.41839E-05 7.80117E-05 -0.007838558 -0.086795045
12 525 6300 1.54734E-05 9.28404E-05 -0.00782373 -0.094626189
13 525 6825 1.67628E-05 0.000108959 -0.007807612 -0.10244186
14 525 7350 1.80523E-05 0.000126366 -0.007790204 -0.110240767
15 525 7875 1.93417E-05 0.000145063 -0.007771507 -0.118021623
16 525 8400 2.06312E-05 0.00016505 -0.00775152 -0.125783137
17 525 8925 2.19206E-05 0.000186325 -0.007730245 -0.133524019
18 525 9450 2.32101E-05 0.000208891 -0.007707679 -0.141242981
19 525 9975 2.44995E-05 0.000232746 -0.007683824 -0.148938733
20 525 10500 2.5789E-05 0.00025789 -0.00765868 -0.156609985
21 525 11025 2.70784E-05 0.000284324 -0.007632246 -0.164255448
22 525 11550 2.83679E-05 0.000312047 -0.007604523 -0.171873833
23 525 12075 2.96573E-05 0.000341059 -0.007575511 -0.17946385
24 525 12600 3.09468E-05 0.000371362 -0.007545208 -0.187024209
25 525 13125 3.22362E-05 0.000402953 -0.007513617 -0.194553622
26 525 13650 3.35257E-05 0.000435834 -0.007480736 -0.202050798
27 525 14175 3.48151E-05 0.000470004 -0.007446566 -0.209514449
28 525 14700 3.61046E-05 0.000505464 -0.007411106 -0.216943285
29 525 15225 3.7394E-05 0.000542214 -0.007374356 -0.224336016
30 525 15750 3.86835E-05 0.000580252 -0.007336318 -0.231691353
31 525 16275 3.99729E-05 0.000619581 -0.007296989 -0.239008006
32 525 16800 4.12624E-05 0.000660198 -0.007256372 -0.246284687
33 525 17325 4.25518E-05 0.000702105 -0.007214465 -0.253520105
34 525 17850 4.38413E-05 0.000745302 -0.007171268 -0.260712971
35 525 18375 4.51307E-05 0.000789788 -0.007126782 -0.267861996
36 525 18900 4.64202E-05 0.000835563 -0.007081007 -0.274965891
37 525 19425 4.77096E-05 0.000882628 -0.007033942 -0.282023365
38 525 19950 4.89991E-05 0.000930983 -0.006985587 -0.289033129
39 525 20475 5.02885E-05 0.000980627 -0.006935943 -0.295993894
40 525 21000 5.1578E-05 0.00103156 -0.00688501 -0.302904371
41 525 21525 5.28674E-05 0.001083783 -0.006832787 -0.30976327
42 525 22050 5.41569E-05 0.001137295 -0.006779275 -0.316569302
43 525 22575 5.54463E-05 0.001192096 -0.006724474 -0.323321176
44 525 23100 5.67358E-05 0.001248187 -0.006668383 -0.330017604
45 525 23625 5.80252E-05 0.001305568 -0.006611002 -0.336657297
46 525 24150 5.93147E-05 0.001364238 -0.006552332 -0.343238964
47 525 24675 6.06041E-05 0.001424197 -0.006492373 -0.349761316
48 525 25200 6.18936E-05 0.001485446 -0.006431124 -0.356223064
49 525 25725 6.3183E-05 0.001547984 -0.006368586 -0.362622919
50 525 26250 6.44725E-05 0.001611812 -0.006304758 -0.368959591
51 -75 26250 6.01237E-05 0.00167185 -0.00624472 -0.37523433
52 -75 26175 5.9952E-05 0.001731716 -0.006184854 -0.381449117
53 -75 26100 5.97802E-05 0.00179141 -0.00612516 -0.387604123
54 -75 26025 5.96084E-05 0.001850933 -0.006065637 -0.393699522
55 -75 25950 5.94366E-05 0.001910284 -0.006006286 -0.399735483
56 -75 25875 5.92648E-05 0.001969463 -0.005947107 -0.40571218
57 -75 25800 5.9093E-05 0.00202847 -0.0058881 -0.411629784
58 -75 25725 5.89213E-05 0.002087305 -0.005829265 -0.417488467
59 -75 25650 5.87495E-05 0.002145969 -0.005770601 -0.4232884
60 -75 25575 5.85777E-05 0.00220446 -0.00571211 -0.429029755
61 -75 25500 5.84059E-05 0.002262781 -0.005653789 -0.434712705
62 -75 25425 5.82341E-05 0.002320929 -0.005595641 -0.44033742
63 -75 25350 5.80624E-05 0.002378905 -0.005537665 -0.445904073
64 -75 25275 5.78906E-05 0.00243671 -0.00547986 -0.451412836
65 -75 25200 5.77188E-05 0.002494343 -0.005422227 -0.456863879
66 -75 25125 5.7547E-05 0.002551804 -0.005364766 -0.462257376
67 -75 25050 5.73752E-05 0.002609093 -0.005307477 -0.467593497
68 -75 24975 5.72034E-05 0.002666211 -0.005250359 -0.472872415
69 -75 24900 5.70317E-05 0.002723157 -0.005193413 -0.478094302
70 -75 24825 5.68599E-05 0.002779931 -0.005136639 -0.483259328
71 -75 24750 5.66881E-05 0.002836533 -0.005080037 -0.488367666
72 -75 24675 5.65163E-05 0.002892963 -0.005023607 -0.493419488
73 -75 24600 5.63445E-05 0.002949222 -0.004967348 -0.498414966
74 -75 24525 5.61728E-05 0.003005309 -0.004911261 -0.503354271
75 -75 24450 5.6001E-05 0.003061224 -0.004855346 -0.508237574
76 -75 24375 5.58292E-05 0.003116967 -0.004799603 -0.513065049
77 -75 24300 5.56574E-05 0.003172539 -0.004744031 -0.517836866
78 -75 24225 5.54856E-05 0.003227938 -0.004688632 -0.522553198
79 -75 24150 5.53138E-05 0.003283166 -0.004633404 -0.527214215
80 -75 24075 5.51421E-05 0.003338222 -0.004578348 -0.531820091
81 -75 24000 5.49703E-05 0.003393107 -0.004523463 -0.536370996
82 -75 23925 5.47985E-05 0.003447819 -0.004468751 -0.540867103
83 -75 23850 5.46267E-05 0.00350236 -0.00441421 -0.545308584
84 -75 23775 5.44549E-05 0.003556729 -0.004359841 -0.549695609
85 -75 23700 5.42831E-05 0.003610927 -0.004305643 -0.554028351
86 -75 23625 5.41114E-05 0.003664952 -0.004251618 -0.558306982
87 -75 23550 5.39396E-05 0.003718806 -0.004197764 -0.562531673
88 -75 23475 5.37678E-05 0.003772488 -0.004144082 -0.566702596
89 -75 23400 5.3596E-05 0.003825998 -0.004090572 -0.570819923
90 -75 23325 5.34242E-05 0.003879336 -0.004037234 -0.574883826
91 -75 23250 5.32525E-05 0.003932503 -0.003984067 -0.578894477
92 -75 23175 5.30807E-05 0.003985497 -0.003931073 -0.582852047
93 -75 23100 5.29089E-05 0.00403832 -0.00387825 -0.586756708
94 -75 23025 5.27371E-05 0.004090972 -0.003825598 -0.590608632
95 -75 22950 5.25653E-05 0.004143451 -0.003773119 -0.594407991
96 -75 22875 5.23935E-05 0.004195759 -0.003720811 -0.598154956
97 -75 22800 5.22218E-05 0.004247895 -0.003668675 -0.601849699
98 -75 22725 5.205E-05 0.004299859 -0.003616711 -0.605492393
99 -75 22650 5.18782E-05 0.004351651 -0.003564919 -0.609083208
100 -75 22575 5.17064E-05 0.004403272 -0.003513298 -0.612622316
101 -75 22500 5.15346E-05 0.00445472 -0.00346185 -0.616109891
102 -75 22425 5.13629E-05 0.004505997 -0.003410573 -0.619546102
103 -75 22350 5.11911E-05 0.004557102 -0.003359468 -0.622931122
104 -75 22275 5.10193E-05 0.004608036 -0.003308534 -0.626265123
105 -75 22200 5.08475E-05 0.004658797 -0.003257773 -0.629548276
106 -75 22125 5.06757E-05 0.004709387 -0.003207183 -0.632780754
107 -75 22050 5.05039E-05 0.004759805 -0.003156765 -0.635962728
108 -75 21975 5.03322E-05 0.004810052 -0.003106518 -0.639094369
109 -75 21900 5.01604E-05 0.004860126 -0.003056444 -0.64217585
110 -75 21825 4.99886E-05 0.004910029 -0.003006541 -0.645207343
111 -75 21750 4.98168E-05 0.00495976 -0.00295681 -0.648189019
112 -75 21675 4.9645E-05 0.005009319 -0.002907251 -0.65112105
113 -75 21600 4.94732E-05 0.005058706 -0.002857864 -0.654003607
114 -75 21525 4.93015E-05 0.005107922 -0.002808648 -0.656836863
115 -75 21450 4.91297E-05 0.005156966 -0.002759604 -0.659620989
116 -75 21375 4.89579E-05 0.005205838 -0.002710732 -0.662356158
117 -75 21300 4.87861E-05 0.005254538 -0.002662032 -0.66504254
118 -75 21225 4.86143E-05 0.005303066 -0.002613504 -0.667680308
119 -75 21150 4.84426E-05 0.005351423 -0.002565147 -0.670269634
120 -75 21075 4.82708E-05 0.005399608 -0.002516962 -0.672810688
121 -75 21000 4.8099E-05 0.005447621 -0.002468949 -0.675303644
122 -75 20925 4.79272E-05 0.005495462 -0.002421108 -0.677748673
123 -75 20850 4.77554E-05 0.005543132 -0.002373438 -0.680145946
124 -75 20775 4.75836E-05 0.005590629 -0.002325941 -0.682495635
125 -75 20700 4.74119E-05 0.005637955 -0.002278615 -0.684797912
126 -75 20625 4.72401E-05 0.00568511 -0.00223146 -0.68705295
127 -75 20550 4.70683E-05 0.005732092 -0.002184478 -0.689260919
128 -75 20475 4.68965E-05 0.005778903 -0.002137667 -0.691421992
129 -75 20400 4.67247E-05 0.005825542 -0.002091028 -0.69353634
130 -75 20325 4.6553E-05 0.005872009 -0.002044561 -0.695604135
131 -75 20250 4.63812E-05 0.005918304 -0.001998266 -0.697625548
132 -75 20175 4.62094E-05 0.005964427 -0.001952143 -0.699600753
133 -75 20100 4.60376E-05 0.006010379 -0.001906191 -0.70152992
134 -75 20025 4.58658E-05 0.006056159 -0.001860411 -0.703413221
135 -75 19950 4.5694E-05 0.006101767 -0.001814803 -0.705250827
136 -75 19875 4.55223E-05 0.006147204 -0.001769366 -0.707042912
137 -75 19800 4.53505E-05 0.006192468 -0.001724102 -0.708789646
138 -75 19725 4.51787E-05 0.006237561 -0.001679009 -0.710491202
139 -75 19650 4.50069E-05 0.006282482 -0.001634088 -0.71214775
140 -75 19575 4.48351E-05 0.006327231 -0.001589339 -0.713759464
141 -75 19500 4.46633E-05 0.006371809 -0.001544761 -0.715326514
142 -75 19425 4.44916E-05 0.006416214 -0.001500356 -0.716849072
143 -75 19350 4.43198E-05 0.006460448 -0.001456122 -0.718327311
144 -75 19275 4.4148E-05 0.00650451 -0.00141206 -0.719761402
145 -75 19200 4.39762E-05 0.006548401 -0.001368169 -0.721151516
146 -75 19125 4.38044E-05 0.006592119 -0.001324451 -0.722497826
147 -75 19050 4.36327E-05 0.006635666 -0.001280904 -0.723800504
148 -75 18975 4.34609E-05 0.006679041 -0.001237529 -0.72505972
149 -75 18900 4.32891E-05 0.006722244 -0.001194326 -0.726275648
150 -75 18825 4.31173E-05 0.006765276 -0.001151294 -0.727448458
151 -75 18750 4.60518E-05 0.006810867 -0.001105703 -0.728576957
152 -375 18750 4.60518E-05 0.006855537 -0.001061033 -0.729660325
153 -375 18375 4.51307E-05 0.006899286 -0.001017284 -0.730699483
154 -375 18000 4.42097E-05 0.006942114 -0.000974456 -0.731695353
155 -375 17625 4.32887E-05 0.006984022 -0.000932548 -0.732648855
 156 -375 17250 4.23676E-05 0.007025008 -0.000891562 -0.73356091
157 -375 16875 4.14466E-05 0.007065073 -0.000851497 -0.73443244
158 -375 16500 4.05256E-05 0.007104217 -0.000812353 -0.735264366
159 -375 16125 3.96045E-05 0.00714244 -0.00077413 -0.736057608
160 -375 15750 3.86835E-05 0.007179742 -0.000736828 -0.736813087
161 -375 15375 3.77625E-05 0.007216122 -0.000700448 -0.737531725
162 -375 15000 3.68414E-05 0.007251582 -0.000664988 -0.738214443
163 -375 14625 3.59204E-05 0.007286121 -0.000630449 -0.738862161
164 -375 14250 3.49994E-05 0.007319739 -0.000596831 -0.739475801
165 -375 13875 3.40783E-05 0.007352436 -0.000564134 -0.740056283
166 -375 13500 3.31573E-05 0.007384211 -0.000532359 -0.74060453
167 -375 13125 3.22362E-05 0.007415066 -0.000501504 -0.741121461
168 -375 12750 3.13152E-05 0.007445 -0.00047157 -0.741607998
169 -375 12375 3.03942E-05 0.007474012 -0.000442558 -0.742065062
170 -375 12000 2.94731E-05 0.007502104 -0.000414466 -0.742493574
171 -375 11625 2.85521E-05 0.007529275 -0.000387295 -0.742894455
172 -375 11250 2.76311E-05 0.007555524 -0.000361046 -0.743268625
173 -375 10875 2.671E-05 0.007580853 -0.000335717 -0.743617007
174 -375 10500 2.5789E-05 0.00760526 -0.00031131 -0.743940521
175 -375 10125 2.4868E-05 0.007628746 -0.000287824 -0.744240087
176 -375 9750 2.39469E-05 0.007651312 -0.000265258 -0.744516628
177 -375 9375 2.30259E-05 0.007672956 -0.000243614 -0.744771064
178 -375 9000 2.21049E-05 0.007693679 -0.000222891 -0.745004317
179 -375 8625 2.11838E-05 0.007713482 -0.000203088 -0.745217306
180 -375 8250 2.02628E-05 0.007732363 -0.000184207 -0.745410954
181 -375 7875 1.93417E-05 0.007750323 -0.000166247 -0.745586181
182 -375 7500 1.84207E-05 0.007767362 -0.000149208 -0.745743908
183 -375 7125 1.74997E-05 0.00778348 -0.00013309 -0.745885057
184 -375 6750 1.65786E-05 0.007798677 -0.000117893 -0.746010548
185 -375 6375 1.56576E-05 0.007812954 -0.000103616 -0.746121303
186 -375 6000 1.47366E-05 0.007826309 -9.02615E-05 -0.746218242
187 -375 5625 1.38155E-05 0.007838743 -7.78275E-05 -0.746302286
188 -375 5250 1.28945E-05 0.007850255 -6.63146E-05 -0.746374357
189 -375 4875 1.19735E-05 0.007860847 -5.57227E-05 -0.746435376
190 -375 4500 1.10524E-05 0.007870518 -4.60518E-05 -0.746486263
191 -375 4125 1.01314E-05 0.007879268 -3.73019E-05 -0.74652794
192 -375 3750 9.21036E-06 0.007887097 -2.94731E-05 -0.746561327
193 -375 3375 8.28932E-06 0.007894005 -2.25654E-05 -0.746587347
194 -375 3000 7.36828E-06 0.007899991 -1.65786E-05 -0.746606919
195 -375 2625 6.44725E-06 0.007905057 -1.15129E-05 -0.746620964
196 -375 2250 5.52621E-06 0.007909202 -7.36828E-06 -0.746630405
197 -375 1875 4.60518E-06 0.007912425 -4.14466E-06 -0.746636161
198 -375 1500 3.68414E-06 0.007914728 -1.84207E-06 -0.746639155
199 -375 1125 2.76311E-06 0.007916109 -4.60518E-07 -0.746640306
200 -375 750 1.84207E-06 0.00791657 0 -0.746640536

De los cálculos realizados anteriormente se obtiene las siguientes gráficas de pendiente y deflexión.
 Pendiente vs Posición
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
ϴ(rad) Pendiente relativa
0
-0.002 0 50 100 150 200 250 Pendiente absoluta
-0.004
-0.006
-0.008
-0.01
x (mm)

Fig. 4 Diagrama Pendiente

Deflexión vs posición
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.5

-0.6

-0.7

-0.8
Fig. 5 Diagrama Deflexión

• Participación

Aguilar Dilon 100%

Díaz Steven 100%
Pungacho 100%
Ismael
Safla Sebastián 100%