Unit 1

Second term 10th

Regular
verbs
Irregular
verbs
Vocabulary
Animals

Natural
disasters

Present tenses

Past tenses
Tag
questions
Future tenses
Grammar
Present
tenses
Indirect
questions
Past tenses
English
Ten of the most
famous animals in Future tenses
history

Earthquakes a
Reading
force of nature

Our universe

Questions
Writing Feedback and
evaluation

Talking about famous

animals
Speaking
Talking about Natural
disasters
 Tenth grade first term 2023

ESTANDAR EJES TEMATICOS LOGROS COMPETENCIA

Estructuro mis ANIMALS Identifica ideas Desarrolla las
textos teniendo en TAG QUESTIONS generales y habilidades
cuenta elementos NATURAL especificas en comunicativas de tal
manera que le ayudan
formales del DISASTERS textos orales,
a desenvolverse
lenguaje como la INDIRECT conociendo el tema
como un verdadero
puntuación, la QUESTIONS y el vocabulario
líder de la
ortografía, la FEEDBACK AND utilizado. comunidad, además
sintaxis, la EVALUATION inculca en él valores
coherencia y la como la confianza, el
cohesión. respeto, la
tolerancia, la
autoestima, la
honestidad, la
responsabilidad, la
cordialidad, etc.
Identifico Escribe textos en
palabras clave inglés empleando
dentro del texto correctamente
que me permiten indirect questions
comprender su y tag questions.
sentido general.
Planeo, reviso y Realiza lecturas
edito mis escritos comprensivas
con la ayuda de mis identificando
correctamente las
compañeros y del
ideas principales y
profesor.
secundarias.
Respondo preguntas Realiza actividades
teniendo en cuenta a de refuerzo que le
mi interlocutor y el permiten mejorar su
contexto. nivel académico
Demuestra interés
en el aprendizaje de
la lengua inglesa.
Realiza actividades
que le permiten
desarrollar con
propiedad pruebas en
inglés tipo ICFES.
Warming up:
THE ANIMAL KINGDOM
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words referents to animals you have to write only from
left to right and from up to down. After put the words in alphabetic order.

1 Elefante 47 Vaca 93 Ardilla 139 Cigüeña

2 Hormiga 48 Escarabajo 94 Piojo 140 Bisonte
3 Caballo 49 Cocodrilo 95 Conejo 141 Oruga
4 Abeja 50 Caracol 96 Castor 142 Albatros
5 León 51 Dinosaurio 97 Ruiseñor 143 Oso blanco o polar
6 Culebra 52 Morsa 98 Mofeta 144 Rinoceronte
7 Canguro 53 Caiman 99 Pajaro nocturno 145 Oso Panda
8 Jirafa 54 Cebra 100 Pajaro 146 hurón
9 Oso 55 Foca 101 Antilope 147 Cangrejo
10 Ballena 56 Buho 102 Araña 148 Grulla
11 Gato 57 Codorniz 103 Cola 149 Ala
12 Gusano 58 Tiburon 104 Pantera 150 Renacuajo
13 Lobo 59 Comadreja 105 Perro esquimal 151 Orangután
14 Lagarto 60 Iguana 106 Hocico 152 Pez Martillo
15 Perro 61 Murcielago 107 Hocico 153 Oso hormiguero, Tamandoá
16 Gallina 62 Pico 108 Camaron 154 Huevo
17 Hipopotamo 63 Unicornio 109 Armadillo 155 Rata
18 Mascota 64 Loro 110 Marisco 156 Canino
19 Avestruz 65 Perrito 111 Reno 157 Zarigüeya
20 Mico 66 Zorro 112 Marmota 158 Ñandú
21 Libélula 67 Delfin 113 Venado 159 Mamifero
22 Burro 68 Tortuga terrestre 114 Mamut 160 Topo
23 Camello 69 Pavo 115 Lemur 161 Pato Macho
24 Leopardo 70 Flamingo 116 Pelo 162 Lirón
25 Tigre 71 Ganso 117 Hiena 163 Graznar
26 Mariposa 72 Yegua, Hembra 118 Minotauro 164 Cisne
27 Ratón 73 Yegua 119 Pelicano 165 Aguilas
28 Ratones 74 Buitre 120 Zoológico 166 Manada, Rebaño, Piara
29 Pez 75 Grillo 121 Pulga 167 Ladrar
30 Sirena 76 Macho de ave, Gallo 122 Mosca 168 Balar
31 Jak 77 Gallo 123 Dromedario 169 Garza
32 Tortuga 78 Palomo 124 Perro galgo 170 Carnero, Morueco
33 Cerdo 79 Paloma 125 Avispón 171 Raza
34 Buey 80 Dragón 126 Nutria 172 Nido
35 Saltamontes 81 Jaguar 127 Nutria 173 Ñu
36 Pingüino 82 Jabalí 128 Mariquita 174 Cabra
37 Bueyes 83 Oveja 129 Bicho 175 Anguila
38 Ciervo 84 Pollo 130 Chinche 176 Koala
39 Toro 85 Rana 131 Gacela 177 Guepardo
40 Halcón 86 sapo 132 Gaviota 178 Mono
41 Marrano 87 Anta, Alce 133 Gatito
42 Halcón 88 Alce 134 Ornitorrinco
43 Llama 89 Pajaro carpintero 135 Gorrion
44 Avispa 90 Liendre 136 Perro de lanas You can do it !
45 Escorpion 91 Pulpo 137 Hombre
46 Pato 92 Cucaracha 138 Mapache
 83 87 48 56 62 53 154
82 89 140 54 73
42 23 61 25 29 58
79 76 26 57 113
10 97
80 12 38
147 33 41 51
11 24 60
81 4 2 55 37 36
176 174 9 35 95
78 5 3 52
102 1 59 69
134 64
17 7 13 39
104 16 6
178 15 18 63
101 100 72
8 65 177
27 103 129 155 93
105 14 28
34 21 128
70 19 67 40 94
66 31 46 77 84
117 20 30 86
90 165
88 50 22 49
44 124
137 68
71 32 43 47 96
119 116 75 85
45 110 112
106 74 98 114
175 108
92 111
91 131 168 173
107 99 115
118 121 126 130
122 163 109 169
120 135
138 132 148 125
123 167
142 146 150
141 151
149
166 139 143 157 136 161
159 156
145 133 127
171 164 170
162 144 160 153

152 158
172

• Fill in the blanks with the correct animal.

• Write in alphabetical order.
2.1 ANIMALS

EXERCISE 1:

Write a glossary using 50 of the animals of the cross word puzzle as in the examples.
(Meaning, picture and example).

EXAMPLES:

Platypus: A small, aquatic, egg – laying monotreme, Ornithorynchus

anatinus, of Australia and Tasmania, having webbed feet, a tail
like that of a beaver, a sensitive bill resembling that of a duck,
and, in adult males, venom – injecting spurs on the ankles of the
hind limbs, used primarily for fighting with other males during the
breeding season. Example: That platypus is Perry the secret agent.

Ostrich: A large, two – toed, swift – footed flightless bird, struthio

camelus, indigenous to Africa and Arabia, domesticated for its plumage: the
largest of living birds. Example: The zoo has got a beautiful ostrich.

Rabbit: Any of several soft – furred, large – eared,

rodent like burrowing mammals of the family Leporidae, allied
with the hares and pikas in the order Lagomorpha, having a
divided upper lip and long hind legs, usually smaller than the
hares and mainly distinguished from them by bearing blind and
furless young in nest rather than fully developed young in the
open. Example: A rabbit is faster than a mouse.

EXERCISE 2:

READING:

Ten of the most famous animals in history

Here are 10 of the most famous animals in history:

10. Ham the chimp was the first hominid in space and, thankfully,
his is a happier tale than that of the first dog, who’s mentioned
further down this list. Named after the Holloman Aerospace
Medical Centre, he was one of six monkeys trained to pull levers
in response to flashing lights during a spaceship flight. Ham was the one who was chosen
by NASA to be launched into space in a Mercury capsule. The journey he undertook on
January 31, 1961 was short, but he still managed to travel 155 miles (250 km) in 16.5
minutes. The flight was abandoned because of a problem with the oxygen supply, and
Ham was recovered some three hours after he landed, apparently none the worse for
his trip; he even ate an apple and half an orange when he exited the rocket. Ham went
on to live in the National Zoo in Washington DC for the next 17 years of life.

9. Elsa the lioness first came to the world’s attention with the
publication of the book “Born Free,” by naturalist Joy Adamson.
The lion cub didn’t have a great start to life; her mother was killed
by Joy’s game warden husband George, to stop an attack on him.
The Adam sons thankfully took the cub and her siblings in, keeping
Elsa and sending the others to a zoo. The young lioness lived the life of a domesticated
pet, but Joy was determined to give her a life in the wild, gradually introducing her to
the world of game reservations. Elsa had three cubs, who probably became fully
adjusted to their life in the wild, but Elsa unfortunately died at an early age,
succumbing at the age of five to a tick-born disease called babesia.

8. Jonathan the tortoise is at least 179 years old, and the world’s
oldest living animal. This is difficult to verify, though there
is photographic evidence to help shore up the claim. The
photograph was taken during the Boer War in 1900, on the island
of St Helena which he still calls home. He was at least 50 years old at the time, and
might well have been 70, so 179 is his minimum age. Jonathan enjoys life with five
companion tortoises and, although sightless in one eye, age hasn’t worn him down too
much. He loves attention, and is still feisty enough to be able to make amorous advances
toward his younger female friends.

7. Mr. Magoo the mongoose: On November 15th, 1962, a tea-

drinking, snake-killing mongoose called Mr. Magoo was taken from
Duluth jail by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and sentenced to
death or deportation back to his country of birth, India. The story
got out and caused a national uproar. He had been given to the zoo
by a foreign sailor, and the powers-that-be decided he shouldn’t be allowed to remain
in the country, because of the mongoose’s propensity to breed. Mr. Magoo didn’t have
a mate however, and he was eventually given a reprieve. Thousands of people visited
the unlucky carnivore in one weekend, and many more mailed the authorities to tell
them to get rid of the beast (fear of his escape and the area being overrun by fearsome
critters caused that reaction). In the end, Mr. Magoo was given a pardon, and lived out
the rest of life eating eggs, drinking tea and having free rein of the zoo office. He died
in 1968.

6. Punxsutawney Phil: The most famous groundhog in the

world, Punxsutawney Phil (also known by his full name,
“Punxsutawney Phil, Seer of Seers, Sage of Sages,
Prognosticator of Prognosticators and Weather Prophet
Extraordinary”) has been predicting the weather in Gobbler’s
Knob since February 2, 1886. Incredibly, some people believe
that he’s still the same groundhog today. As these animals have an average lifespan of
only ten years, he would have to live on regular doses of elixir along with the love of his
good wife, Phyllis, to keep him going all this time. A mysterious group called the Inner
Circle look after him, and wear top hats and tuxedos to the prediction ceremony. The
prognosticating groundhog is thought to derive from a German tradition that if the sun
comes out on candle mas and the hedgehog sees his shadow, six more weeks of winter
will follow.

5. Sam the cat: Unsinkable Sam was a remarkable cat who

managed to survive three shipwrecks during the Second World War.
The first sinking ship that Sam (then known as Oskar) managed to
survive was the Bismarck, downed in a sea-battle on May 27, 1941:
Sam lived while over 2,000 crew died. He was the only survivor picked by the British
battleship the HMS Cossack, and was coincidentally renamed Oscar. The Cossack was
in turn damaged by a German torpedo later that year. As it was being towed to safety,
an explosion ripped through the ship, killing 159 men. Oscar survived and was brought
to shore at Gibraltar. By now called Unsinkable Sam (luckily, cats don’t care what their
name is,) he was brought to live on the HMS Ark Royal, which had been involved in the
original fight with the Bismarck. It too was torpedoed, and all but one crew member
was saved. Sam was found “angry but quite unharmed,” floating on a plank. Thankfully,
Sam stayed away from ships after that, and he eventually died in a seaman’s home in
Belfast in 1955.

4. Ami the pigeon: The US Army Signal Corps in France

during World War I had a lot to thank Cher Ami the homing
pigeon for. During a particularly deadly battle, Ami was one of
600 pigeons given to the regiment by British breeders, so that
the Americans in France could train them for messaging duties.
Ami flew a total of 12 important missions over several months in 1918, and his final
journey took place on the afternoon of October 4, 1918 during the Battle of the
Argonne. The corps were being shelled by their own men at the time, and Major
Whittlesey, the officer in charge, sent Cher Ami off with a little note attached to his
leg telling them to stop it. Even though badly wounded in the chest, blinded in one eye,
and with one leg hanging off, the little bird managed to carry on, and saved the lives of
more than 200 men. He was patched up after his momentous flight and given a wooden
leg, but died less than a year later.

3. Marocco the Dancing Horse was so famous in 1591 in the

United Kingdom, that he was immortalized by Shakespeare in
“Love’s Labours Lost” (in which he’s referenced as “the dancing
horse”.) His abilities were wide and varied, including counting coins
by stamping his hoof, dancing on two or four legs, and bowing to
the Queen when required. He was also thought to be psychic, because he moved his legs
in reply to certain questions. This, however, is the skill that nearly cost the horse and
his owner, William Bankes, their lives when they were tried for witchcraft, found guilty
and condemned to death. The judge was apparently moved when the horse knelt in front
of him to plead for his owner’s life, however, and both were pardoned. Though little his
known about his life afterwards, Marocco’s owner lived quite comfortably on the
earnings that his horse made for him.

2. Jumbo the elephant: The original Jumbo was a thirteen

foot, six-ton African elephant born in 1861: the name came
from “Jumbe” – Swahili for “chief.” Jumbo traveled from the
French Sudan to the Jardin des Plantes zoo in Paris and, when
still only four years old, moved again to the London Zoo. As he
was becoming grumpy and difficult to control, he was sold to
P.T. Barnum for $10,000, to the consternation of the British
public. Queen Victoria actually received over 100,000 letters
pleading for her intervention in the matter. He seemed to be a happier elephant with
Barnum’s circus, however. Well, that is until he died of terrible injuries as the result
of a train crash three years later.

1. Laika the dog: A young stray dog named Laika, who was
found wandering the streets of Moscow, was destined to
become the first canine in space. Unfortunately, Sputnik 2, in
which Laika was launched into orbit, was a rush job due to
Soviet president Nikita Khrushchev wanting it launched in time
for the 40th anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution on
November 7, 1957. The official story for years was that Laika died of oxygen depletion
six days into the journey (the Russians hadn’t at that stage worked out how to bring
their rockets home), but in 2002 it was finally announced that the poor thing had
succumbed just six or seven hours into the flight, dying of excess heat (due to there
not being a heat shield) and stress. Laika’s memory lives on, however, as a plaque and
statue stand as a memorial to the little dog at Star City in Russia.

EXERCISE 3:

Answer the following questions about the reading:

1. Could you tell me who the first chimp in space was?

________________________________________________

2. Do you know what book Joy Adamson wrote?

_______________________________________________

3. Can you tell us how old Jonathan the tortoise is?

________________________________________________

4. Do you remember why Mr. Magoo sentenced to death or

deportation back to his country of birth?
____________________________________________

5. Do you know who the most famous groundhog in the world

is?
_____________________________________________

6. Can you tell me how many shipwrecks during the Second

World War managed to survive Sam the cat?
____________________________________________

7. Do you know What Amy the pigeon did in the war?

__________________________________

8. Could you tell me what Morocco’s abilities were?

_____________________________________________
 9. Do you know who the original Jumbo was?
___________________________________________________

10. Do you know when the Bolshevik Revolution was?

_________________________________________

11. Could you tell me who the first canine in space was?
___________________________________________________

12. Do you know why Laika died?

_____________________________________________

EXERCISE 4:

WRITING AND SPEAKING:

Write a short paragraph about a famous animal then tell it to your classmates:

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 5:

SPEAKING:

Prepare a short presentation talking about your favorite animal:

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 6:

• Write some animals according to the headings:

• Wild Farm Mammals Birds Amphibians

Reptiles Insects Arachnids fish Mollusk

2. 2 QUESTION TAG:
EXAMPLES:

Lionel Messi is great soccer player, isn’t he?

The groundhogs have an average lifespan of only ten years, doesn’t they?

Ham the chimp was the first hominid in space, wasn’t he?

Elsa died at an early age, didn’t she?

Cristiano has played in Real Madrid for many years, hasn’t he?

You aren’t happy, are you?

He will read some books to make his essay, won’t he?

EXERCISE 1:

Add the tag questions according to the sentences:

1. He is collecting stickers, __________?

2. We often watch TV in the afternoon, _________?

3. You have cleaned your bike, __________?

4. John and Max don't like maths, __________?

5.Patricia played handball yesterday, ____________?

 6. They are going home from school, ___________?

7. Mary didn't do her homework last Monday, __________?

8. She could have bought a new car, ____________?

9. Kevin will come tonight, _____________?

10. I'm clever, _____________?

EXERCISE 2:

Fill in the blanks with appropriate verbal tense using tag questions.

PRESENT PAST SIMPLE FUTURE WILL PRESENT FUTURE

SIMPLE PERFECT GOING TO

She undoes
the business,
doesn’t she?

He forgot the
task, didn’t he?

He will write a
book, won’t he?

You haven’t
eaten pizza,
have you?
EXERCISE 3:
Write the tag question to the following sentences:
1. Clarisse had already organized the party, _______________?
2. Epifanio Won’t be in the meeting, _____________?
3. Plauto and Graciela had never forgotten themselves, _________?
4. Dioselina has to read the book, ___________?
5. Aristides has read the book, _________?
6. Mardoqueo had a nice dream, ___________?
7. Faustino will write a letter, ___________?
8. Aquiles was a great hero, ___________?
9. She has never loved him, ___________?
10. Elisa has loved him, __________?
EXERCISE 4:
Change the sentences to indicate verbal tense and after answer them:

1. She does the task, doesn’t she? Yes, she does.

Past simple: she did the task, didn’t she? Yes, she did.

Present perfect: she has done the task, hasn’t she? Yes,
she has.

Past perfect progressive: she had been doing the task, hadn’t she? Yes, she had.

2. Andres’ wife had sold a beautiful pet, hadn’t she?

Yes, she had.
Present simple: _____________________________

_________________________________________

Present perfect: ____________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Future going to: ________________________________________________

3. Omar is the best soccer player in our city, isn’t he?

Yes, he is.
Future will: _________________________________

__________________________________________

Future going to: _____________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Present perfect: _______________________________________________

Present perfect: ________________________________________________

4. She writes some books, doesn’t she? Yes, she

does
Past simple: _____________________________

_______________________________________

Present perfect: __________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Past perfect progressive: _________________________________________

5. Andres’ wife had already spoken English, hadn’t she? No

she hadn’t.
Present simple: __________________________________

______________________________________________

Present progressive: ______________________________

______________________________________________

Future going to: ________________________________________________

6. They were the best basketball players in the

world. Weren’t they? Yes, they were.
Future will: _____________________________

______________________________________

Future going to: __________________________

______________________________________

Past perfect: __________________________________________________

Present perfect: ________________________________________________

7. She sends the poem, doesn’t she? No, she doesn’t

Past simple: ____________________________________

Present perfect: ________________________________

_____________________________________________

Past perfect progressive: _________________________

_____________________________________________________________
8. Marcos’ wife had bought a nice dog, hadn’t she? Yes,
she had.
Present simple: _______________________________

___________________________________________

Present progressive: ___________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Future going to: _________________________________________________

9. We are the fastest runners in the hemisphere,

aren’t we? Yes, we are.
Future will. __________________________________

___________________________________________

Future going to: ________________________________________________

Past perfect: __________________________________________________

Present perfect: ________________________________________________

10. She sang I love you like a love song,

didn’t she? Yes, she did.
Present simple: _______________________

___________________________________

Present perfect: ______________________

_____________________________________________________________

Past perfect progressive: _________________________________________

11. Carlos’ wife had gone to New York, hadn’t she? No,
she hadn’t.
Present simple: ___________________________

_______________________________________

Present progressive: _______________________

_____________________________________________________________

Future going to: ________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________
 12. They are the slowest animals in the zoo, aren’t they?
No, they aren’t.
Future will. ___________________________________

____________________________________________

Future going to. _______________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Past perfect. __________________________________________________

Present perfect: ________________________________________________

2.3 NATURAL DISASTERS.

EXERCISE 1:

READING AND LISTENING

Read and listen to your teacher:

On March 11th, 2011, a 33-foot-high tsunami hit

northern Japan causing the country worst
destruction and loss of life since World War II.
The Tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in
the Pacific Ocean. Measuring 9.0 on the Ritcher
Scale,
the
earthquake was the six largest ever
recorded by seismologists. So great was its
power that it caused the entire island to
Japan to move 16 feet eastwards. Not only
that, it shifted the Earth’s axis by 10
inches. This deviation led to a shortening of
the length by a day by 1.8 microseconds!
Earthquakes hit the headlines only rarely,
but events like Japan’s mega quake serve to
remind us of their truly awe-inspiring power. Every year, some 3 million earthquakes
take place on the planet – equivalent to about 8000 a day or
one every 11 seconds. Most are so small they go unnoticed, but
a few (about 20 a year) are big enough to cause damage.
Earthquakes happen because the earth crust is not contiguous.
Rather, like a boiled egg with a broken shell, it is separated
into about 20 pieces. These pieces are called tectonic plates.

The theory that explains the

movement of these plates on
the Earth’s surface is known as
plate tectonics. According to
plate tectonics, the Earth’s
plates are not stationary but
are instead moving very slowly
around the planet. Because the
plates are interconnected, no
single plate can move without
affecting the others. The result is that sometimes the plates crash into each other,
sometimes they move away from each other, and sometimes they slide past each other.
It is the movement of plates at their edges that causes earthquakes.

Take, for example, plates that are sliding

horizontally past each other. Because the
edges of the plates are rough, they get stuck.
However, even though the edges get stuck, the
rest of the plate keeps moving. The result is an
enormous build-up of pressure. At some point
(when the plate has moved far enough) the
edges suddenly become unstuck. The sudden
unsticking and jerking apart of the plates
releases the built-up pressure in an instant. The result is an earthquake. There’s a
special region of the globe known as the Pacific Ring of Fire. It is here that an
incredible 90% of all earthquakes (and 80% of the world’s largest earthquakes) occur.
In the Pacific Ring of Fire, plates are crashing into each other constantly.

When two plates crash together, one of two things can happen. Either one plate is
forced to slide beneath the other one, or the two plates push against each other to
form mountains and volcanoes. In either case, earthquakes can result.
 Earthquakes in the Pacific Ring of Fire result from
plates colliding and slipping under each other. The
sudden drop of one plate below another, when it
occurs under the sea, can generate a tsunami. It was
the Pacific Plate sliding under the Eurasian Plate
caused the earthquake and tsunami of Japan on that
fateful day in March 2011.

EXERCISE 2:

READING COMPREHENSION:

1. Write the main idea of the text:

__________________________________________________________
2. Write the main idea of each paragraph:
A. _______________________________________________________
B. _______________________________________________________
C. _______________________________________________________
3. Do you know what tectonic plates are?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
4. The sudden unsticking and jerking apart of the plates releases the built-up
pressure in an instant. The result is an earthquake, isn’t it?
__________________________________________________________
5. Explain with your words what is the cause of an earthquake?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 3:

Write 5 sentences with tag questions using the text:

1. __________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 4:

Write a short glossary with these words:

Example.

Hit: To deal a blow or stroke to. Example: Earthquakes hit the headlines only rarely.

Destruction: _____________________________________________________

Trigger: _________________________________________________________

Shift: __________________________________________________________

Axis: ___________________________________________________________

Deviation: ________________________________________________________

Jerk apart: ______________________________________________________

Collide: __________________________________________________________

Awe-inspiring: ____________________________________________________

Stationary: ______________________________________________________

The globe: _______________________________________________________

Slip: ____________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 5:

HOMEWORK – WRITING

Write a short paragraph about the most infamous natural disasters in the last ten
years:

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 6:

SPEAKING:

Tell your class about the most infamous natural disasters in the last ten years:
EXERCISE 7:

Fill in the blanks with natural disasters according to the pictures:

19

4
7 20
6 2

8
9
5
10
15 13
11
14
1
12

16 17

18
2.4 DIRECT AND INDIRECT QUESTIONS

Direct questions are the “normal” questions that we can ask to friends, family
members, and people who we know well.

Example:

Where’s the bathroom?

Indirect questions are a little more formal and polite. We use them when talking to a
person we don’t know very well, or in professional situations, and their form is a little
different.

Example:

Could you tell me where the bathroom is?

Phrases to indirect questions:

▪ Could you tell me

▪ Do you know
▪ I was wondering
▪ Do you have any idea
▪ I’d like to know
▪ Would it be possible
▪ Is there any chance
EXAMPLES:

Direct question: Where does she play?

Indirect question: Could you tell me where she plays?

Yes, of course, she plays in the club.

Direct question: do you write a letter to your girlfriend?

Indirect question: Can you tell me if you write a letter to your girlfriend?

Yes, I do.

Direct question: where did you live last year?

Indirect question: could you tell me where you

lived last year?

I lived in China.

Direct question: Are you reading The Hunger Games?

Indirect question: could you tell me if you are reading The Hunger
Games?

Yes, I am.

Direct question: what’s her last name?

Indirect question: Do you know what your last name is?

Yes, her last name is Collins.

Direct question: have you ever been in love?

Indirect question: could you tell me if you have ever been in love?

I don’t know.

Direct question: where has he studied?

Indirect question: do you have any idea where he has studied?

No, I don’t have any idea about it.

Direct question: Where will she eat tomorrow?

Indirect question: do you know where she will eat tomorrow?

Yes, of course she will eat ta home.

EXERCISE 1:

Write indirect questions.

Example:

Where is the bank?

Do you know where the bank is?

Yes, the bank is in 21st park street.

1. Does she catch mosquitoes?

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

2. Who is the best teacher?

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

3. Where did he park

his bike?

_________________________________

__________________________________________

4. When did they come?

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

5. Has he written the poem?

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

6. What are you going to eat for dinner?

_________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
 7. How often does she go to the movies?
________________________________________

________________________________________

8. Did she buy the car?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

9. Where have you gone to vacations?

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

10. What’s your first name?

_______________________________

_________________________________________________

11. Were we reading the magazine?

______________________________________

______________________________________

12. Did Allison play soccer?

____________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

EXERCISE 2:

Fill in the blanks with appropriate question:

1. Could you tell me if ___________________________

2. Can you tell me where she ______________________
3. Do you have any idea if ________________________
4. Do you remember when ________________________

5. Do you know what you have_______________________________

6. Could you show me if my husband __________________________
7. Do you know who ______________________________________
8. Could you tell me where you are going to _____________________
 9. Do you remember if ____________________________________
10. Could you show me what __________________________________

EXERCISE 3:

READING:

Could you tell me how it all began?

The Big Bang Theory

Before the 0th century, people believed that the

universe had exited forever, and had looked the same
way forever. But in 1929, astronomers made a startling
discovery. Looking through their telescopes they
noticed that the galaxies in our universe are actually
moving away from each other and enormous speed - our
universe is expanding!

If our universe is expanding, then logically at some point in

the past the entire universe was contained in a single point
in space. The Bi Ban Theory states that about 14 billion
years ago, our universe exploded out of nowhere from a
single point and it has been expanding ever since to form
the universe e know today. Our universe, in other words, ha
not existed forever. It had a definite beginning. Before our universe came into
existence there a nothing… no time, pace, matter, energy… nothing! The Big Bang
Theory created time, time, space and matter.

The Big Bang Theory is currently the most widely accepted hypothesis for the origin
of the universe. However, it still leaves many questions unanswered. For instance, it
doesn't explain why the big bang happened in the first place.

The Cyclical Universe Theory

The Cyclical Universe theory addresses the question, “Do

you know what caused the big bang?” the answer it gives is
the collapse and expansion of prior universe. According to
the Cyclical Universe Theory, our universe began when
another universe collapsed violently into a single point then
exploded out again. Trillions of years from now, our own
universe will stop expanding and begin to contract. It will also collapse into a single
point and explode out again giving rise to a new universe. Our universe is therefore just
the latest in an endless series. Countless universes have
preceded this universe and countless others will follow it.
Space and time had no beginning. Cycles of expansion,
contraction, collapse, and explosion have been going on
forever.

The Multiple Universe Theory

According to the Multiple Universe Theory, what we have

been calling the universe is actually nothing like we
though! It is just a single bubble in an infinite number of
universes. We are actually living in a multiverse consisting
of trillions of universes. The multiverse has existed
forever, and each universe in it is different.

The main motivation behind the Multiple Universe Theory

is to provide an explanation as to why our universe seems
to be so perfectly suited towards supporting life. For many people, this fact demands
an explanation. They feel it is too much of a coincidence that the conditions in our
universe just happen to be right to make life
possible.

The Multiple Universe Theory states there is

nothing mysterious about this. There are
trillions upon trillions of universes in the
multiverse and therefore at least a few of them
will have conditions that make life possible. We
simply happen to be living in one of these universes.

EXERCISE 4:

Write one indirect question for each theory in the text. Write the answers, too.

1. The Big Bang Theory

_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. The Cyclical Universe Theory
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3. The Multiple Universe Theory
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 5:

WRITING:

Answer the following questions:

1. Could you tell me what you know about the origin of the universe?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2. Could you tell me what you would like to know about it? Write two questions:
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 6:

SPEAKING:

Prepare a short presentation about the origin of our universe:

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 7:

Change to indicate verbal tense.

1. Could you tell me if anyone had found a blue wallet?

Past simple: Could you tell me if anyone found a blue wallet.

Future going to: Could you tell me if anyone is going to find

a blue wallet.

Present simple: Could you tell me if anyone finds a blue

wallet.
 2. Do you have any idea when flight 128 from Fairbanks is
going to arrive?
Past simple: ___________________________________

Future will: ____________________________________

Present perfect: ________________________________

3. Do you remember where he was the last weekend?

Past perfect: ________________________________

Future will: __________________________________

Present progressive: ___________________________

4. Could you tell me how many meals

they serve on the flight to Rome?
Past simple: _________________________________

Present perfect: _____________________________

2.5 FEEDBACK AND EVALUATION:

EXERCISE 1:

KET PREPARATION:

Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentences

1. He's learning ________ a truck.

A. to drive
B. driving
C. drive
D. the driving

2. I can't stand ________ in hot weather.

A. to walk
B. walking
C. walk
D. to walking

3. He smokes more than ten cigarettes ____________

A. by day
B. the day
C. in day
 D. a day

4. Let's go somewhere else. There's _________ noise in this room.

A. too many
B. too much
C. enough
D. too

5. It's a very long day for Jack. He doesn't get home from school ________ six
o'clock.

A. since
B. to
C. towards
D. until

6. They usually ---- at home but today they ________ lunch in a restaurant.

A. are eating, have

B. eat, have
C. are eating, are having
D. eat, are having

7. We didn't stay late _________ we were very tired.

A. because
B. so
C. that
D. until

8. I think most people _________ English for their jobs in the future.

A. need
B. are needing
C. will need
D. will have needed

9. Teenagers today like wearing casual clothes so leather shoes aren't __________
trainers.

A. as fashionable than
B. as fashionable as
C. more fashionable as
D. fashionable
10. A friend of_________ phoned this morning, but_________ didn't leave a
message.

A. you, she
B. you, her
C. yours, she
D. yourself, hers

11. We __________ lunch when the phone ____________

A. had, rang
B. were having, rang
C. were having, was ringing
D. had, has rung

12. You ___________ open the door before the train gets into the station. It's very
dangerous.

A. must
B. mustn't
C. should
D. don't have to

13. If you don't want to burn yourself you __________ lie in the sun all day.

A. won't
B. don't
C. shouldn't
D. couldn't

14. If I have enough money next year I __________ to the USA.

A. will go
B. go
C. would go
D. went

15. It's usually quite warm in September _________ it often rains, _________ bring
a waterproof.

A. but, so
B. so, because
C. unless, but
D. for, as

• Fill in the correct option:

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

EXERCISE 2:

READING COMPREHENSION:

“Passage 1 - Opera

Opera refers to a dramatic art form, originating in Europe, in which the emotional
content is conveyed to the audience as much through music, both vocal and
instrumental, as it is through the lyrics. By contrast, in musical theater an actor's
dramatic performance is primary, and the music plays a lesser role. The drama in opera
is presented using the primary elements of theater such as scenery, costumes, and
acting. However, the words of the opera, or libretto, are sung rather than spoken. The
singers are accompanied by a musical ensemble ranging from a small instrumental
ensemble to a full symphonic orchestra.

1. It is pointed out in the reading that opera______________

A) has developed under the influence of musical theater

B) is a drama sung with the accompaniment of an orchestra

C) is not a high-budget production

D) is often performed in Europe

E) is the most complex of all the performing arts

2. We can understand from the reading that ______________

A) people are captivated more by opera than musical theater

B) drama in opera is more important than the music

C) orchestras in operas can vary considerably in size

D) musical theater relies above all on music

E) there is argument over whether the music is important or the words in opera

3. It is stated in the reading that______________

A) acting and costumes are secondary to music in musical theater

B) many people find musical theater more captivating than opera

C) music in musical theater is not as important as it is in opera

D) an opera requires a huge orchestra as well as a large choir

E) opera doesn't have any properties in common with musical theater

Passage 2 - Dolphins

Dolphins are regarded as the friendliest creatures in the sea and stories of them
helping drowning sailors have been common since Roman times. The more we learn about
dolphins, the more we realize that their society is more complex than people previously
imagined. They look after other dolphins when they are ill, care for pregnant mothers
and protect the weakest in the community, as we do. Some scientists have suggested
that dolphins have a language but it is much more probable that they communicate with
each other without needing words. Could any of these mammals be more intelligent than
man? Certainly the most common argument in favor of man's superiority over them that
we can kill them more easily than they can kill us is the least satisfactory. On the
contrary, the more we discover about these remarkable creatures, the less we appear
superior when we destroy them.

4. It is clear from the passage that dolphins ___________

A) don't want to be with us as much as we want to be with them

B) are proven to be less intelligent than once thought

C) have a reputation for being friendly to humans

D) are the most powerful creatures that live in the oceans

E) are capable of learning a language and communicating with humans

5. The fact that the writer of the passage thinks that we can kill dolphins more easily
than they can kill us ______________

A) means that they are better adapted to their environment than we are

B) shows that dolphins have a very sophisticated form of communication

C) proves that dolphins are not the most intelligent species at sea

D) does not mean that we are superior to them

E) proves that Dolphins have linguistic skills far beyond what we previously thought

6. One can infer from the reading that ____________

A) dolphins are quite abundant in some areas of the world

B) communication is the most fascinating aspect of the dolphins

C) dolphins have skills that no other living creatures have such as the ability to think

D) it is not usual for dolphins to communicate with each other

E) dolphins have some social traits that are similar to those of humans

Passage 3 - Unsinkable Ship

Naval architects never claim that a ship is unsinkable, but the sinking of the passenger-
and-car ferry Estonia in the Baltic surely should have never have happened. It was well
designed and carefully maintained. It carried the proper number of lifeboats. It had
been thoroughly inspected the day of its fatal voyage. Yet hours later, the Estonia
rolled over and sank in a cold, stormy night. It went down so quickly that most of those
on board, caught in their dark, flooding cabins, had no chance to save themselves: Of
those who managed to scramble overboard, only 139 survived. The rest died of
hypothermia before the rescuers could pluck them from the cold sea. The final death
toll amounted to 912 souls. However, there were an unpleasant number of questions
about why the Estonia sank and why so many survivors were men in the prime of life,
while most of the dead were women, children and the elderly.

7. One can understand from the reading that ______________

A) the lifesaving equipment did not work well and lifeboats could not be lowered

B) design faults and incompetent crew contributed to the sinking of the Estonia ferry

C) 139 people managed to leave the vessel but died in freezing water

D) naval architects claimed that the Estonia was unsinkable

E) most victims were trapped inside the boat as they were in their cabins

8. It is clear from the passage that the survivors of the accident ____________

A) helped one another to overcome the tragedy that had affected them all

B) were mostly young men but women, children and the elderly stood little chance

C) helped save hundreds of lives

D) are still suffering from severe post-traumatic stress disorder

E) told the investigators nothing about the accident

9. According to the passage, when the Estonia sank, ______________

A) there were only 139 passengers on board

B) few of the passengers were asleep

C) there were enough lifeboats for the number of people on board

D) faster reaction by the crew could have increased the Estonia's chances of survival

E) all the passengers had already moved out into the open decks

Passage 4 - Erosion in America

Erosion of America's farmland by wind and water has been a problem since settlers
first put the prairies and grasslands under the plow in the nineteenth century. By the
1930s, more than 282 million acres of farmland were damaged by erosion. After 40
years of conservation efforts, soil erosion has accelerated due to new demands placed
on the land by heavy crop production. In the years ahead, soil erosion and the pollution
problems it causes are likely to replace petroleum scarcity as the nation's most critical
natural resource problem.

10. As we understand from the reading, today, soil erosion in America __________

A) causes humans to place new demands on the land

B) is worse than it was in the nineteenth century

C) happens so slowly that it is hardly noticed

D) is the most critical problem that the nation faces

E) is worse in areas which have a lot of petroleum production

11. The author points out in the passage that erosion in America __________

A) has damaged 282 million acres ever since settlers first put the prairies and
grasslands under the plow

B) has been so severe that it has forced people to abandon their settlements

C) occurs only in areas with no vegetation

D) can become a more serious problem in the future

E) was on the decline before 1930s

12. It is pointed out in the reading that in America ____________

A) petroleum is causing heavy soil erosion and pollution problems

B) heavy crop production is necessary to meet the demands and to

prevent a disaster

C) soil erosion has been hastened due to the overuse of farming lands

D) water is undoubtedly the largest cause of erosion

E) there are many ways to reduce erosion

 • Fill in the correct option:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A A A A A A A A A A A A
B B B B B B B B B B B B
C C C C C C C C C C C C
D D D D D D D D D D D D
E E E E E E E E E E E E

EXERCISE 3:

KET MATCHING: Choose the best option as in the example:

Which notice (A-H) says this (1-5)?

For questions 1 – 6, mark the correct letter A-H.

1. People who saw a car drive into another car should call this number.
2. You cannot let your dog run free here.
3. Buses will not wait here.
4. Check you back all your bags before you go.
5. There are changes at the beginning of autumn.
6. Trains will not run at the weekend.

1 A B C D E F G H
2 A B C D E F G H
3 A B C D E F G H
4 A B C D E F G H
5 A B C D E F G H
6 A B C D E F G H
EXERCISE 7:

ICFES PART 1:

Choose the best option:

Where do you find these announces?

EXERCISE 8:

ICFES PART 2:

• What word is according to the description?

• You have to read descriptions and words.
• In questions 6 – 10, fill in the letter (A – H) to the word referent to the
phrase (6 – 10)
EXERCISE 9:

ICFES PART 3
EXERCISES 10:

Fill in the blanks with appropriate verbal tense.

PRESENT PAST SIMPLE FUTURE WILL PRESENT FUTURE

SIMPLE PERFECT GOING TO

She does the

task, doesn’t
she?

He went to the
supermarket,
didn’t he?

He will read a
book, won’t he?

You haven’t
ended your
homework,
have you?

EXERCISE 11:

Change to indirect questions:

Example:
 Where is the Nazareno School?

Do you know where Nazareno School is?

Yes, Nazareno School is in Modelia.

1. Is it all right to play the radio while I’m driving?

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

2. When does the plane for Bogota leave?

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

3. Have you ever bought pizza in Jeno’s Pizza?

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

4. How many cars are there

on this train?

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

5. Did Anna get caught in a traffic jam?

__________________________________

__________________________________

6. Have you seen a little girl walking around by herself?

_________________________________

_________________________________
 Bibliography

Evans, Virginia, Dooley, Jenny. (2011). New Round up 4. England: Pearson Education
Limited.
Evans, Virginia, Dooley, Jenny. (2011). New Round up 5. England: Pearson Education
Limited.
Evans, Virginia, Dooley, Jenny. (2011). Upload US 2. United States. Express Publishing.
Evans, Virginia, Dooley, Jenny. (2011). Upload US 4. United States. Express Publishing.
Evans, Virginia, Dooley, Jenny. (2011). Upload US 5. United States. Express Publishing.
Imágenes recuperadas de https://www.google.com.co/search
http://dictionary.reference.com/
http://www.espressoenglish.net/direct-and-indirect-questions-in-english/

http://www.examenglish.com/KET/KET_reading_part4.htm