Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
DOCENTE:
Ing. AGUIRRE GASPAR DIONISIA
SEMESTRE: IX
2023
DISEÑO DE PUENTES 1
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CENTRO DEL PERÚ
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL
7) DISEÑO DE LA VIGA
ΣMO = 0
((3.6 ton ⋅ ((3.9 m)) + 14.8 ton ⋅ ((8.2 m)) + 14.8 ton ⋅ 12.5 m - 33.20 ton ⋅ 8.2 m))
n ≔ ――――――――――――――――――――――――
3.6 ton + 14.8 ton + 14.8 ton + 33.2 ton
n = 0.725 m
ΣMA = 0
((3.6 ton ⋅ 7.475 m + 14.8 ton ⋅ 11.775 m + 14.8 ton ⋅ 16.075 m))
RB ≔ ――――――――――――――――――――
L
RB = 17.564 ton
RA ≔ R - RB = 15.636 ton
MC = 168.639 ton ⋅ m
Para el camión
11.775 m ⋅ 13.225 m
P1 ≔ 3.6 ton y1 ≔ ――――――― = 6.229 m
25 m
y1
P2 ≔ 14.8 ton y2 ≔ 7.475 m ⋅ ―――― = 3.954 m
11.775 m
P3 ≔ 14.8 ton y1
y3 ≔ 8.925 m ⋅ ―――― = 4.204 m
13.225 m
Mcamión ≔ P1 ⋅ y2 + P2 ⋅ y1 + P3 ⋅ y3 = 168.639 ton ⋅ m
Para el tándem
ΣMO = 0
((11.2 ton ⋅ 1.2 m))
X ≔ ――――――= 0.6 m
R
P1 ≔ 11.2 ton
((12.2)) m ⋅ ((12.8)) m
y ≔ ――――――― = 6.246 m
P2 ≔ 11.2 ton L
y
y1 ≔ ((11.6)) m ⋅ ――― = 5.661 m
12.8 m
Mtándem ≔ P1 ⋅ y + P2 ⋅ y1 = 133.361 ton ⋅ m
Momento máximo
⎛ ton ⎞
ΣMA = 0 ⎜0.96 ―― ⋅ L⎟
⎝ m ⎠
RA ≔ ――――― = 12 ton
2
ton ⎛ 11.775 ⎞
Mcarril ≔ RA ⋅ 11.775 m - 0.96 ―― ⋅ 11.775 m ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟m
m ⎝ 2 ⎠
Mcarril = 74.748 ton ⋅ m
MOMENTO POR DC
Svigas = 3.667 m
ton
Wlosa ≔ γc ⋅ e ⋅ Svigas = 2.021 ――
m
ton
Wviga ≔ γc ⋅ bviga1 ⋅ ⎛⎝hviga⎞⎠ = 3.968 ――
m
bcartela ≔ 0.15 m hcartela ≔ 0.15 m
⎛1 ⎞ ton
Wcartelas ≔ 2 ⋅ ⎜―⋅ bcartela ⋅ hcartela⎟ ⋅ γc = 0.062 ――
⎝2 ⎠ m
ton
W ≔ Wlosa + Wviga + Wcartelas = 6.051 ――
m
W ⋅ L2
MDC ≔ ――― = 472.752 ton ⋅ m
8
MOMENTO POR SUPERFICIE DE RODADURA
ton
Wasf ≔ γasf ⋅ easf ⋅ Svigas = 0.445 ――
m
Wasf ⋅ L 2
MDW ≔ ―――= 34.734 ton ⋅ m
8
PORCENTAJE DE MOMENTOS QUE VA A ASUMIR LA VIGA INTERIOR
kg
Svigas = 3.667 m L = 25 m ts ≔ e = 20 cm Ec = ⎛⎝2.5 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ ――
cm 2
Eviga ≔ Ec Elosa ≔ Ec
Eviga
n ≔ ――= 1
Elosa
Para 1 carril
⎛ Svigas ⎞ 0.4 ⎛ Svigas ⎞ 0.3 ⎛ Kg ⎞ 0.10
g1 ≔ 0.06 + ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜――⎟ ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ = 0.697
⎝ 4300 mm ⎠ ⎝ L ⎠ 3
⎝ L ⋅ ts ⎠
Para 2 carriles
⎛ Svigas ⎞ 0.6 ⎛ Svigas ⎞ 0.2 ⎛ Kg ⎞ 0.10
g2 ≔ 0.075 + ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜――⎟ ⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ = 1.021
⎝ 2900 mm ⎠ ⎝ L ⎠ 3
⎝ L ⋅ ts ⎠
n≔1
Cuantía mecánica
Para 3capas
ϕ ≔ 0.90 b ≔ Svigas = 3.667 m
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ d ≔ hviga - 12.5 cm = 167.5 cm
1.70 ⋅ Mu
w ≔ 0.85 - 0.7225 - ―――― = 0.042
ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⋅ d 2
As ≔ ρ ⋅ b ⋅ d = 173.011 cm 2
a
β1 ≔ 0.85 c ≔ ― = 9.796 cm
β1
VERIFICACIÓN ((c)) ≔ ‖ if c < e ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “Está trabajando como seción rectangular” | |
‖ if c > e | |
‖ | |
‖ ‖ “Está trabajando como seción T” | |
‖ ‖ |
Cantidad de acero
As
#varillas ≔ ―― = 21.845
as4
float , 2 22 ϕ 1 1/4"
#varillas ≔ #varillas ――― → 22.0
d3 ≔ d2 + 2 ⋅ 3.175 cm = 19.288 cm
⎛⎝As1 ⋅ d1 + As2 ⋅ d2 + As3 ⋅ d3⎞⎠
cgy ≔ ――――――――― = 12.36 cm
As1 + As2 + As3
d ≔ hviga - cgy = 167.64 cm
Cuantía mecánica
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
1.70 ⋅ Mu
w ≔ 0.85 - 0.7225 - ―――― = 0.042
ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⋅ d 2
Cuantía de acero
((f'c))
ρ ≔ w ⋅ ――= 0.003
((f'y))
Área de acero
As ≔ ρ ⋅ b ⋅ d = 172.86 cm 2
Cantidad de acero
as4 ≔ 7.92 cm 2
As
#varillas ≔ ―― = 21.826
as4
float , 2
#varillas ≔ #varillas ――― → 22.0 22 ϕ 1 1/4"
Control de calidad
Mu ≥ 1.10 ⋅ Mcr
kg kg
fr ≔ 2 ⋅ ‾‾‾
280 ―― 2
= ⎛⎝3.347 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ ―― e´ ≔ 100 cm
cm m2
b ⋅ e´ 2
Mcr ≔ fr ⋅ ――― = 225.441 ton ⋅ m 1.10 ⋅ Mcr = 247.985 ton ⋅ m
6
Mu = 1177.482 ton ⋅ m
⎛⎝hviga - e⎞⎠
A1 ≔ ⎛⎝hviga - e⎞⎠ ⋅ bviga1 = 1.28 m 2 d1 ≔ ―――― = 80 cm
2
e
A2 ≔ Svigas ⋅ e = 0.733 m 2 d2 ≔ ⎛⎝hviga - e⎞⎠ + ―= 170 cm
2
As1 ⋅ d1 + As2 ⋅ d2
cgy ≔ ―――――― = 125 cm
As1 + As2
Ig = 68321111.111 cm 4
fr ⋅ Ig
Mcr ≔ ――――= 458.253 ton ⋅ m
⎛⎝hviga - cgy⎞⎠
d ≔ hviga - 9 cm = 171 cm
Cuantía mecánica
Cuantía mecánica
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
1.70 ⋅ MuNEG
w ≔ 0.85 - 0.7225 - ―――― = 0.017
ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⋅ d 2
Cuantía de acero
((f'c))
ρ ≔ w ⋅ ――= 0.001
((f'y))
Área de acero
As ≔ ρ ⋅ b ⋅ d = 71.465 cm 2
Cantidad de acero
float , 1
#varillas6 ≔ #varillas ――― → 4.0 #varillas6 ≔ 4 4 ϕ 3/4"
Control de calidad
((As ⋅ f'y))
a ≔ ――――― = 7.375 cm β1 depende del f'c, para 280kg/cm2 es 0.85
((0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ d))
a
β1 ≔ 0.85 c ≔ ― = 8.677 cm
β1
Verificación de la fluencia del acero
εuc° ⋅ ((d - c))
εuc° ≔ 0.003 εs ≔ ―――― = 0.056
c
VERIFICACIÓN ⎛⎝εs⎞⎠ ≔ ‖ if εs ≥ 0.0021 | |
‖ | |
‖ ‖ ‖ “El acero fluye, FALLA DÚCTIL” | |
‖ ||
‖ if εs < 0.0021 ||
‖ ‖ “El acero no fluye, FALLA FRÁGIL” | |
‖ ‖ |
ACERO DE TORSIÓN
ACERO DE TORSIÓN
float , 1
#varillast ≔ #varillas ――― → 4.0 4 ϕ 5/8"
Sdia
Pasf ≔ Wasf ⋅ Lpavimento ⋅ ―― = 10.189 ton
m
Sdia
Plosa ≔ Wlosa ⋅ Lpavimento ⋅ ―― = 46.312 ton
m
Pviga ≔ Wviga ⋅ Sdia = 24.802 ton
⎛⎝PT ⋅ Luz 2 ⎞⎠ e
Md ≔ ――――= 396.988 ton ⋅ m y1 ≔ ―
8 2
⎛A 3⎞
⎝ ncho ⋅ e ⎠ ⎛ ((fr ⋅ Ig))
Ig ≔ ―――― = ⎝2.444 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ cm 4 Mcr3 ≔ ――― = 9.018 ton ⋅ m
12 y1
Mcr3
――= 0.023
Md
Ancho ⋅ cm ⎛2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ d ⎞
β ≔ ―――――― = 2.894 ⎜ 2 ⋅ β ⋅ ―― - 1⎟
#vías ⋅ Asmenor ⎝ cm ⎠
kd ≔ ―――――― ⋅ cm = 10.526 cm
β
⎛A 3⎞
⎝ ncho ⋅ kd ⎠
Icr ≔ ――――+ #vías ⋅ Asmenor ⋅ ((d - kd)) 2 = ⎛⎝3.406 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ cm 4
3
⎛ ((Mcr3)) ⎞ 3 ⎛ ⎛ ((Mcr3)) ⎞ 3 ⎞
⎟ ⎟ ⋅ Icr = ⎛⎝3.406 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ cm
6 4
Ie ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ Ig + ⎜ 1 - ⎜―――
⎝ Md ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ Md ⎠ ⎠
⎛PT ⋅ S 4⎞
⎝ vigas ⎠
ΔDP ≔ ――――― = 0.041 cm Deformación instantánea
((384 ⋅ Ec ⋅ Ie))
((A's))
A's ≔ 0 cm 2 λ ≔ 3 - 1.2 ⋅ ――= 3 Δdif ≔ λ ⋅ ΔDP = 0.122 cm
As
3.3) DEFLEXIÒN TOTAL O CONTRAFLECHA :
((Δdif ⋅ Ie))
ΔSB ≔ ―――― = 1.704 cm ΔSBP ≔ 4 ⋅ ΔSB = 6.817 cm
Ig
nc2 ≔ 2 m2 ≔ 1.2
ΣMo = 0
((1.8 m ⋅ 7.4 ton ))
n ≔ ―――――― = 0.45 m
14.8 ton ⋅ 2
x1 ≔ 1.87 m x2 ≔ 0 m
X ≔ x1
((1.87 m ⋅ 1.80 m))
y1 ≔ ―――――― = 0.917 m
3.67 m
⎛⎝y1 ⋅ 0 m⎞⎠
y2 ≔ ―――― =0 m
1.80 m
Ancho ⋅ cm ⎛2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ d ⎞
β ≔ ―――――― = 2.894 ⎜ 2 ⋅ β ⋅ ―― - 1⎟
#vías ⋅ Asmenor ⎝ cm ⎠
kd ≔ ―――――― ⋅ cm = 10.526 cm
β
⎛A 3⎞
⎝ ncho ⋅ kd ⎠
Icr ≔ ――――+ #vías ⋅ Asmenor ⋅ ((d - kd)) 2 = ⎛⎝3.406 ⋅ 10 6 ⎞⎠ cm 4
3
⎛ ((Mcr3)) ⎞ 3 ⎛ ⎛ ((Mcr3)) ⎞ 3 ⎞ 6 4
Ie ≔ ⎜――― ⎟ ⋅ Ig + ⎜ 1 - ⎜――― ⎟ ⎟ ⋅ Icr = -4.009 ⋅ 10 cm Ie < Ig ‥ OK!!
⎝ Mhl93 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ Mhl93 ⎠ ⎠
L
0.797 cm ≤ 0.84 cm Δhl93 ≤ ――‥ OK!!
1000
Si no llega a cumplir se deberá volver a diseñar con un peralte mayor
n≔1
Cuantía mecánica
Para 3capas
ϕ ≔ 0.90 b ≔ Svigas = 3.667 m d ≔ hviga - 12.5 cm = 167.5 cm
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
1.70 ⋅ Mu
w ≔ 0.85 - 0.7225 - ―――― = 0.051
ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⋅ d 2
As ≔ ρ ⋅ b ⋅ d = 207.418 cm 2
Verificación si es un diseño rectangular o en forma de T
((As ⋅ f'y))
a ≔ ―――― = 9.983 cm β1 depende del f'c, para 280kg/cm2 es 0.85
((0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ b))
a
β1 ≔ 0.85 c ≔ ― = 11.744 cm
β1
VERIFICACIÓN ((c)) ≔ ‖ if c < e ||
‖ ‖ ||
‖ ‖ “Está trabajando como seción rectangular” | |
‖ if c > e | |
‖ | |
‖ ‖ ‖ “Está trabajando como seción T” | |
‖ |
Cantidad de acero
As2 ≔ 9 ⋅ as = 71.46 cm 2
As3 ≔ 9 ⋅ as = 71.46 cm 2
3.175 cm
d1 ≔ ―――― + 5 cm = 6.588 cm
2
d2 ≔ d1 + 2 ⋅ 3.175 cm = 12.938 cm
d3 ≔ d2 + 2 ⋅ 3.175 cm = 19.288 cm
⎛⎝As1 ⋅ d1 + As2 ⋅ d2 + As3 ⋅ d3⎞⎠
cgy ≔ ――――――――― = 12.938 cm
As1 + As2 + As3
Cuantía mecánica
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
1.70 ⋅ Mu
w ≔ 0.85 - 0.7225 - ―――― = 0.051
ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⋅ d 2
Cuantía de acero
((f'c))
ρ ≔ w ⋅ ――= 0.003
((f'y))
Área de acero
As ≔ ρ ⋅ b ⋅ d = 207.996 cm 2
Cantidad de acero
as ≔ 7.94 cm 2
As
#varillas ≔ ― = 26.196
as
float , 2
#varillas ≔ #varillas ――― → 26.0 27 ϕ 1 1/4"
Control de calidad
Mu ≥ 1.10 ⋅ Mcr
kg kg
fr ≔ 2 ⋅ ‾‾‾
280 ―― 2
= ⎛⎝3.347 ⋅ 10 5 ⎞⎠ ――
cm m2 e´ ≔ 100 cm
b ⋅ e´ 2
Mcr ≔ fr ⋅ ――― = 225.441 ton ⋅ m 1.10 ⋅ Mcr = 247.985 ton ⋅ m
6
Mu = ⎛⎝1.404 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ ton ⋅ m
⎛⎝hviga - e⎞⎠
A1 ≔ ⎛⎝hviga - e⎞⎠ ⋅ bviga1 = 1.28 m 2 d1 ≔ ―――― = 80 cm
2
e
A2 ≔ Svigas ⋅ e = 0.733 m 2 d2 ≔ ⎛⎝hviga - e⎞⎠ + ―= 170 cm
2
As1 ⋅ d1 + As2 ⋅ d2
cgy ≔ ―――――― = 125 cm
As1 + As2
Ig = ⎛⎝6.832 ⋅ 10 7 ⎞⎠ cm 4
fr ⋅ Ig
Mcr ≔ ――――= 458.253 ton ⋅ m
⎛⎝hviga - cgy⎞⎠
Cuantía mecánica
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
1.70 ⋅ MuNEG
w ≔ 0.85 - 0.7225 - ―――― = 0.017
ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ b ⋅ d 2
Cuantía de acero
Cuantía de acero
((f'c))
ρ ≔ w ⋅ ――= 0.001
((f'y))
Área de acero
As ≔ ρ ⋅ b ⋅ d = 71.465 cm 2
Cantidad de acero
float , 2
#varillas ≔ #varillas ――― → 14.0 #varillas ≔ 12 12 ϕ 1"
Control de calidad
((As ⋅ f'y))
a ≔ ――――― = 7.375 cm β1 depende del f'c, para 280kg/cm2 es 0.85
((0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ d))
a
β1 ≔ 0.85 c ≔ ― = 8.677 cm
β1
ACERO DE TORSIÓN
ACERO DE TORSIÓN
Aceros de 5/8": as ≔ 2 cm 2
Ast
#varillas ≔ ―― = 3.573
as
float , 1
#varillas ≔ #varillas ――― → 4.0 4 ϕ 5/8"
Carga de Fatiga: Para la evaluación de esta carga usaremos la distancia máxima entre ejes
del camión de diseño, y el factor de impacto estará al 15%
PARA EL CAMION HL-93:
((((x1)) ⋅ y))
y1 ≔ ―――= 4.1 m R2 ≔ 14.51 ton
Laoc
Mu ≔ y ⋅ R2 + y1 ⋅ R1 = ⎛⎝9.577 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m
Miu m
Mfranja ≔ ―― = 49.666 ton ⋅ ―
Ei m
b ≔ bviga1 = 0.8 m
b
Md ≔ MDC + MDW = 507.487 ton ⋅ m Mdb ≔ Md ⋅ ―= 405.989 ton ⋅ m
m
22 ϕ 1 1/4"
n≔8
b´´
A ≔ ―― = 40 cm B ≔ n ⋅ as = ⎛⎝1.397 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ cm 2 C ≔ ((n ⋅ as ⋅ d)) ⋅ ((-1)) = -1.433 ⋅ 10 5 cm 3
2
⎛ 2
⎛⎝B 2 - 4 ⋅ A ⋅ C⎞⎠ ⎞⎠
⎝-B + ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
y01 ≔ ―――――――― = 44.875 cm
2⋅A
⎛ 2
⎛⎝B 2 - 4 ⋅ A ⋅ C⎞⎠ ⎞⎠
⎝-B - ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
y02 ≔ ―――――――― = -79.811 cm yo1 ≔ max ⎛⎝y01 , y02⎞⎠ = 44.875 cm
2⋅A
nr ≔ 2
((nr ⋅ Mfb ⋅ ((d - yo1)))) ton
Fmui ≔ ――――――― = 0.065 ――
Icr cm 2
ton
Fmax ≔ Fd + Fmui = 0.729 ――
cm 2
ton
Δf ≔ Fmax - min ⎛⎝Fd , Fmui⎞⎠ = 0.664 ――
cm 2
kg ton
Ff ≔ 1635.36 ―― 2
+ 0.33 ⋅ min ⎛⎝Fd , Fmui⎞⎠ = 1.824 ――
cm cm 2