PUENTE TIPO LOSA

1. Ingreso de datos:
tonne
A ≔ 8.7 m b ≔ 0.40 m WB ≔ 0.71 ――― Luz del puente: S ≔ 7.60 m
m
2. Pre-dimensionamiento:
((S + 3000 mm ))
tS ≔ 1.2 ⋅ ―――――= 0.424 m Elegir ts: tS ≔ 0.45 m
30

3. Cálculo de los anchos de franja en la losa:

3.1. Franja interior:

a) Número de carriles NL: Ancho físico de carril 3.60 m

((A - 2 ⋅ b))
NL ≔ ―――― = 2.19 Ÿ NL tiene que ser mayor a 2. Elegir NL: NL ≔ 2
3.6 m Ÿ Si NL < 2, pre-dimensionar
b) 1 Carril cargado:

L1 ≔ min ((S , 18 m)) = 7.6 m W1 ≔ min ((A , 9 m)) = 8.7 m

2
E1 ≔ 250 mm + 0.42 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
L1 ⋅ W1 = 3.665 m

c) 2 o más carriles cargados:

L1 ≔ min ((S , 18 m)) = 7.6 m W1 ≔ min ((A , 18 m)) = 8.7 m

2 W1
E2 ≔ 2100 mm + 0.12 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
L1 ⋅ W1 = 3.076 m < ―― = 4.35 m
NL
Finalmente:

Eint ≔ min ⎛⎝E1 , E2⎞⎠ = 3.076 m

3.2. Franja exterior:

Eint Eint
E3 ≔ b + 0.3 m + ―― = 1.469 m < ―― = 1.538 m
4 2

⎛ Eint ⎞
Eext ≔ min ⎜E3 , ―― , 1.8 m⎟ = 1.469 m Eext = 1.469 m
⎝ 2 ⎠

4. Línea de influencia a una distancia "a" del apoyo:

4. Línea de influencia a una distancia "a" del apoyo:

a ≔ 3.8 m
⎛ a⎞
y ≔ a ⋅ ⎜1 - ―⎟ = 1.9 m
⎝ S⎠

S⋅y
Área ≔ ―― = 7.22 m 2
2

5. Cálculo de Momentos flectores:

5.1. Franja interior:

kg
a) Carga muerta - losa: γC ≔ 2400 ――
m3

tonne
WDC ≔ tS ⋅ γC ⋅ 1 m = 1.08 ――― MDC ≔ WDC ⋅ Área = 7.798 tonne ⋅ m
m

kg
b) Carga de asfalto: γDW ≔ 2250 ――
m3

tonne
WDW ≔ 0.05 m ⋅ 1 m ⋅ γDW = 0.113 ――― MDW ≔ WDW ⋅ Área = 0.812 tonne ⋅ m
m

c) Carga HL-93: (Momento por vía)

Camión: P ≔ 3.64 tonne

Tándem: Q ≔ 11.2 tonne

tonne
Carril: w ≔ 0.96 ―――
m

⎛ a⎞
x1 ≔ 3.20 m y1 ≔ x1 ⋅ ⎜1 - ―⎟ = 1.6 m
⎝ S⎠

⎛ x2 ⎞
x2 ≔ 4.40 m y2 ≔ a ⋅ ⎜1 - ―⎟ = 1.6 m
⎝ S⎠

⎛ a⎞
x3 ≔ 1.65 m y3 ≔ x3 ⋅ ⎜1 - ―⎟ = 0.825 m
⎝ S⎠

⎛ x4 ⎞
x4 ≔ 5.95 m y4 ≔ a ⋅ ⎜1 - ―⎟ = 0.825 m
⎝ S⎠
Reemplazando:

MCamión ≔ 4 P ⋅ y3 + 4 P ⋅ y4 = 24.024 tonne ⋅ m

MTándem ≔ Q ⋅ y1 + Q ⋅ y2 = 35.84 tonne ⋅ m

MCarril ≔ w ⋅ Área = 6.931 tonne ⋅ m

Finalmente:
 MCarril ≔ w ⋅ Área = 6.931 tonne ⋅ m

Finalmente:

M ≔ max ⎛⎝MCamión , MTándem⎞⎠ ⋅ 1.33 + MCarril = 54.598 tonne ⋅ m

M
MLL†I ≔ 1 m ⋅ ―― = 17.751 tonne ⋅ m
Eint

5.2. Franja exterior:

a) Carga muerta - losa + barrera:

tonne WB tonne
WDC = 1.08 ――― WBarrera ≔ 1 m ⋅ ―― = 0.483 ―――
m Eext m
Total:
tonne
WTotal ≔ WDC + WBarrera = 1.563 ―――
m
Finalmente:

M'DC ≔ WTotal ⋅ Área = 11.287 tonne ⋅ m

b) Carga de asfalto:
tonne ⎛⎝Eext - b⎞⎠ tonne
WDW = 0.113 ――― W'DW ≔ WDW ⋅ ――― = 0.082 ―――
m Eext m
Finalmente:

M'DW ≔ W'DW ⋅ Área = 0.591 tonne ⋅ m

Finalmente: ⎛ Eint ⎞
⎜ ―― + 0.3 m ⎟
4
M' ≔ 0.5 ⋅ max ⎛⎝MCamión , MTándem⎞⎠ ⋅ 1.33 + MCarril ⋅ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 26.303 tonne ⋅ m
⎜⎝ 3m ⎟⎠

M'
M'LL†I ≔ 1 m ⋅ ―― = 17.906 tonne ⋅ m
Eext

6. Resumen:

6.1. Franja interior:

MDC = 7.798 tonne ⋅ m MDW = 0.812 tonne ⋅ m MLL†I = 17.751 m ⋅ tonne

6.2. Franja exterior:

M'DC = 11.287 tonne ⋅ m M'DW = 0.591 tonne ⋅ m M'LL†I = 17.906 m ⋅ tonne

7. Aplicando el estado límite de resistencia I:

7.1. Franja interior:

MU ≔ 1.25 ⋅ MDC + 1.5 ⋅ MDW + 1.75 MLL†I = 42.03 tonne ⋅ m

7.2. Franja exterior:

 MU ≔ 1.25 ⋅ MDC + 1.5 ⋅ MDW + 1.75 MLL†I = 42.03 tonne ⋅ m

7.2. Franja exterior:

M'U ≔ 1.25 ⋅ M'DC + 1.5 ⋅ M'DW + 1.75 M'LL†I = 46.332 tonne ⋅ m

8. Diseño de acero de refuerzo:

kg kg
fy ≔ 4200 ―― f'c ≔ 280 ―― d ≔ tS - 4 cm = 41 cm B ≔ 100 cm
cm 2 cm 2

8.1. Franja interior:

Datos: MU = 42.03 tonne ⋅ m ϕ ≔ 0.90

⎛ a⎞ AS ⋅ fy
Se sabe: MU ＝ ϕAS ⋅ fy ⎜d - ―⎟ ; a ＝ ――――
⎝ 2⎠ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ B

Reemplazando y despejando obtenemos la ecuación:

ϕfy 2
―――― AS 2 - ϕfy ⋅ d ⋅ AS + MU ＝ 0
1.7 ⋅ f'c ⋅ B

Evaluando los coeficientes:

ϕ ⋅ fy 2 1 cm 3 1 cm
a1 ≔ ―――― ⋅ ―――= 0.334 a2 ≔ ϕ ⋅ fy ⋅ d ⋅ ―――= 154.98
1.7 ⋅ f'c ⋅ B 1 tonne 1 tonne

1
a3 ≔ MU ⋅ ―――― = 4202.985
tonne ⋅ cm

Reemplazando: Elegir Área:

solve , AS ⎡
28.919383629630014189 ⎤
a1 ⋅ AS 2 - a2 ⋅ AS + a3 ＝ 0 ――― →⎢ AS ≔ 28.92 cm 2
⎣ 435.74728303703660427 ⎥⎦
Varillas por metro de ancho:
π ⋅ ϕ1 2 AS 1
ϕ1 ≔ 1 in Aϕ1 ≔ ――― = 5.07 cm 2 Usar ≔ ―― = 5.707 @ ≔ ――= 0.175
4 Aϕ1 Usar

3 π ⋅ ϕ2 2 AS 1
ϕ2 ≔ 1 in + ―in Aϕ2 ≔ ――― = 9.58 cm 2 Usar ≔ ―― = 3.019 @ ≔ ――= 0.331
8 4 Aϕ2 Usar

Acero de distribución:
1750%
P ≔ ――――
2
= 20.07% ASd ≔ P ⋅ AS = 5.805 cm 2
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
S ⋅ mm -1
5 π ⋅ ϕ3 2 ASd 1
ϕ3 ≔ ―in Aϕ3 ≔ ――― = 1.98 cm 2 Usar ≔ ―― = 2.933 @ ≔ ――= 0.341
8 4 Aϕ3 Usar

Acero por temperatura en dos capas:

7.5 kg ⋅ B ⋅ tS
ASt ≔ ――――― 2
= 8.036 cm 2
fy ⋅ cm

π ⋅ ϕ3 2 ASt
Aϕ3 ≔ ――― = 1.98 cm 2 Usar ≔ ―― = 4.06
4 Aϕ3
 7.5 kg ⋅ B ⋅ tS
ASt ≔ ――――― = 8.036 cm 2
fy ⋅ cm 2

5 π ⋅ ϕ3 2 ASt 1
ϕ3 ≔ ―in Aϕ3 ≔ ――― = 1.98 cm 2 Usar ≔ ―― = 4.06 @ ≔ ――= 0.246
8 4 Aϕ3 Usar

1 π ⋅ ϕ4 2 ASt 1
ϕ4 ≔ ―in Aϕ4 ≔ ――― = 1.27 cm 2 Usar ≔ ―― = 6.343 @ ≔ ――= 0.158
2 4 Aϕ4 Usar

8.2. Franja exterior:

Datos: M'U = 46.332 tonne ⋅ m ϕ ≔ 0.90

⎛ a⎞ A'S ⋅ fy
Se sabe: M'U ＝ ϕA'S ⋅ fy ⎜d - ―⎟ ; a ＝ ――――
⎝ 2⎠ 0.85 ⋅ f'c ⋅ B

Reemplazando y despejando obtenemos la ecuación:

ϕfy 2
―――― A'S 2 - ϕfy ⋅ d ⋅ A'S + MU ＝ 0
1.7 ⋅ f'c ⋅ B

Evaluando los coeficientes:

ϕ ⋅ fy 2 1 cm 3 1 cm
a1 ≔ ―――― ⋅ ―――= 0.334 a2 ≔ ϕ ⋅ fy ⋅ d ⋅ ―――= 154.98
1.7 ⋅ f'c ⋅ B 1 tonne 1 tonne

1
a3 ≔ M'U ⋅ ―――― = 4633.173
tonne ⋅ cm

Reemplazando y ordenando:
Elegir Área:
solve , A'S ⎡
32.114878644129304801 ⎤
a1 ⋅ A'S 2 - a2 ⋅ A'S + a3 ＝ 0 ――― →⎢ A'S ≔ 32.11 cm 2
⎣ 432.55178802253731365 ⎥⎦

Varillas por metro de ancho:

π ⋅ ϕ1 2 A'S 1
ϕ1 ≔ 1 in Aϕ1 ≔ ――― = 5.07 cm 2 Usar ≔ ―― = 6.337 @ ≔ ――= 0.158
4 Aϕ1 Usar

3 π ⋅ ϕ2 2 A'S 1
ϕ2 ≔ 1 in + ―in Aϕ2 ≔ ――― = 9.58 cm 2 Usar ≔ ―― = 3.352 @ ≔ ――= 0.298
8 4 Aϕ2 Usar

Acero de distribución:
1750%
P ≔ ――――
2
= 20.07% A'Sd ≔ P ⋅ A'S = 6.446 cm 2
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
S ⋅ mm -1

5 π ⋅ ϕ3 2 A'Sd 1
ϕ3 ≔ ―in Aϕ3 ≔ ――― = 1.98 cm 2 Usar ≔ ―― = 3.257 @ ≔ ――= 0.307
8 4 Aϕ3 Usar

Acero por temperatura en dos capas:

7.5 kg ⋅ B ⋅ tS
ASt ≔ ――――― 2
= 8.036 cm 2
fy ⋅ cm

π ⋅ ϕ3 2 ASt
Aϕ3 ≔ ――― = 1.98 cm 2 Usar ≔ ―― = 4.06
4 Aϕ3
 5 π ⋅ ϕ3 2 ASt 1
ϕ3 ≔ ―in Aϕ3 ≔ ――― = 1.98 cm 2 Usar ≔ ―― = 4.06 @ ≔ ――= 0.246
8 4 Aϕ3 Usar

1 π ⋅ ϕ4 2 ASt 1
ϕ4 ≔ ―in Aϕ4 ≔ ――― = 1.27 cm 2 Usar ≔ ―― = 6.343 @ ≔ ――= 0.158
2 4 Aϕ4 Usar

9. Esquema de refuerzo: