Solución de Sistemas de Ecuaciones

1. Resuelve el siguiente sistema de ecuaciones

4 x + 2 y − z = −5

3x + 7 y + 2 z = −1
 x − 3 y + 5z = −10

Por los métodos

a) Gauss Jordan
Solución:
4 2 −1⋮ −5 𝑅0 ⟷𝑅2 1 −3 5 ⋮ −10 𝑅1 ↦𝑅1 −3𝑅0 1 −3 5 ⋮ −10
(3 7 2⋮ −1 ) → (3 7 2 ⋮ −1 ) → (0 16 −13⋮ 29 )
1 −3 5 ⋮ −10 4 2 −1⋮ −5 𝑅2 ↦ 𝑅2 − 4𝑅0 0 14 −21⋮ 35

Ahora debemos hacer 𝑎22 = 1, dividimos el renglón 1 por 16 y luego aplicamos operaciones para que los elementos
restantes de la columna se vuelvan cero

1 −3 5 ⋮ −10 𝑅0 ↦𝑅0 +3𝑅1 1 0 41⁄16 ⋮ −73⁄16

(0 1 −13⁄16⋮ 29⁄16) → 0 1 −13⁄16⋮ 29⁄16
𝑅2 ↦ 𝑅2 − 14𝑅1 −77⁄ ⋮ 77⁄
0 14 −21 ⋮ 35 (0 0 8 8 )

Ahora debemos hacer 𝑎33 = 1 , multiplicamos el renglón 2 por −8⁄77 y luego aplicamos operaciones para que los
elementos restantes de la columna se vuelvan cero

1 0 41⁄ ⋮ −73⁄ 𝑅0 ↦𝑅0 −41⁄16𝑅2

16 16 1 0 0⋮ −2
(0 −13 29 ) → ( 0 1 0⋮ 1 )
1 ⁄16⋮ ⁄16
𝑅1 ↦ 𝑅1 + 13⁄16 𝑅2 0 1 1⋮ −1
0 0 1 ⋮ −1

Entonces

𝑥 = −2, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = −1

Sergio Isaí Stone Chávez

 b) Jacobi
Solución:
4 2 −1
𝐴 = (3 7 2 ) La matriz es diagonal dominante ya que:
1 −3 5
|4| ≥ |2| + |−1|
|7| ≥ |3| + |2|
|5| ≥ |1| + |−3|

Realizamos los despejes correspondientes:

1
𝑥 = [−5 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧]
4
1
𝑦 = [−1 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑧]
7
1
𝑧 = [−10 − 𝑥 + 3𝑦]
5

Tomemos el valor
𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧=0

Primera iteración:

1 1
x1 = [−5 − 2(0) + (0)] = [−5] = −1,25
4 4

1 1
y1 = [−1 − 3(0) − 2(0)] = [−1] = −0,143
7 7

1 1
z1 = [−10 − (0) + 3(0)] = [−10] = −2
5 5
Segunda iteración:

1 1
x 2 = [−5 − 2(−0,143) + (−2)] = [−6,714] = −1,679
4 4
2
1 1
y = [−1 − 3(−1,25) − 2(−2)] = [6,75] = 0,964
7 7
2
1 1
z = [−10 − (−1,25) + 3(−0,143)] = [−9,179] = −1,836
5 5

Sergio Isaí Stone Chávez

Tercera iteración:
1 1
x 3 = [−5 − 2(0,964) + (−1,836)] = [−8,764] = −2,191
4 4

1 1
y 3 = [−1 − 3(−1,679) − 2(−1,836)] = [7,707] = 1,101
7 7

1 1
z 3 = [−10 − (−1,679) + 3(0,964)] = [−5,429] = −1,086
5 5

Cuarta iteración:
1 1
x 4 = [−5 − 2(1,101) + (−1,086)] = [−8,288] = −2,072
4 4

1 1
y 4 = [−1 − 3(−2,191) − 2(−1,086)] = [7,745] = 1,106
7 7

1 1
z 4 = [−10 − (−2,191) + 3(1,101)] = [−4,506] = −0,901
5 5

Quinta iteración:
1 1
x 5 = [−5 − 2(1,106) + (−0,901)] = [−8,114] = −2,028
4 4

1 1
y 5 = [−1 − 3(−2,072) − 2(−0,901)] = [7,018] = 1,003
7 7

1 1
z 5 = [−10 − (−2,072) + 3(1,106)] = [−4,609] = −0,922
5 5

Sexta iteración:
1 1
x 6 = [−5 − 2(1,003) + (−0,922)] = [−7,927] = −1,982
4 4

1 1
y 6 = [−1 − 3(−2,028) − 2(−0,922)] = [6,929] = 0,99
7 7

1 1
z 6 = [−10 − (−2,028) + 3(1,003)] = [−4,964] = −0,993
5 5

Séptima iteración:
1 1
x 7 = [−5 − 2(0,99) + (−0,993)] = [−7,972] = −1,993
4 4

1 1
y 7 = [−1 − 3(−1,982) − 2(−0,993)] = [6,931] = 0,99
7 7

1 1
z 7 = [−10 − (−1,982) + 3(0,99)] = [−5,049] = −1,01
5 5

Sergio Isaí Stone Chávez

Octava iteración:
1 1
x 8 = [−5 − 2(0,99) + (−1,01)] = [−7,99] = −1,997
4 4

1 1
y 8 = [−1 − 3(−1,993) − 2(−1,01)] = [6,999] = 1
7 7

1 1
z 8 = [−10 − (−1,993) + 3(0,99)] = [−5,037] = −1,007
5 5

Novena iteración:
1 1
x 9 = [−5 − 2(1) + (−1,007)] = [−8,007] = −2,002
4 4

1 1
y 9 = [−1 − 3(−1,997) − 2(−1,007)] = [7,007] = 1,001
7 7

1 1
z 9 = [−10 − (−1,997) + 3(1)] = [−5,003] = −1,001
5 5

Décima iteración:
1 1
x10 = [−5 − 2(1,001) + (−1,001)] = [−8,003] = −2,001
4 4

1 1
y10 = [−1 − 3(−2,002) − 2(−1,001)] = [7,006] = 1,001
7 7

1 1
z10 = [−10 − (−2,002) + 3(1,001)] = [−4,995] = −0,999
5 5

Onceava iteración:
1 1
x11 = [−5 − 2(1,001) + (−0,999)] = [−8,001] = −2
4 4

1 1
y11 = [−1 − 3(−2,001) − 2(−0,999)] = [7] = 1
7 7

1 1
z11 = [−10 − (−2,001) + 3(1,001)] = [−4,997] = −0,999
5 5

Así la solución es la siguiente:

𝑥 = −2, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = −0,999 ≅ −1

Sergio Isaí Stone Chávez

 c) Gauss Seidel
Solución:
4 2 −1
𝐴 = (3 7 2 ) La matriz es diagonal dominante ya que:
1 −3 5
|4| ≥ |2| + |−1|
|7| ≥ |3| + |2|
|5| ≥ |1| + |−3|

Realizamos los despejes correspondientes:

1
𝑥 = [−5 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧]
4
1
𝑦 = [−1 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑧]
7
1
𝑧 = [−10 − 𝑥 + 3𝑦]
5
Gauss inicial (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (0, 0, 0)
Iteración 1:
1 1
x1 = [−5 − 2(0) + (0)] = [−5] = −1,25
4 4
1 1
y1 = [−1 − 3(−1,25) − 2(0)] = [2,75] = 0,393
7 7
1
1 1
z = [−10 − (−1,25) + 3(0,393)] = [−7,571] = −1,514
5 5

Iteración 2:
1 1
x 2 = [−5 − 2(0,393) + (−1,514)] = [−7,3] = −1,825
4 4
2
1 1
y = [−1 − 3(−1,825) − 2(−1,514)] = [7,504] = 1,072
7 7
1 1
z 2 = [−10 − (−1,825) + 3(1,072)] = [−4,959] = −0,992
5 5

Iteración 3:
1 1
x 3 = [−5 − 2(1,072) + (−0,992)] = [−8,136] = −2,034
4 4
3
1 1
y = [−1 − 3(−2,034) − 2(−0,992)] = [7,085] = 1,012
7 7
3
1 1
z = [−10 − (−2,034) + 3(1,012)] = [−4,929] = −0,986
5 5

Sergio Isaí Stone Chávez

Iteración 4:
1 1
x 4 = [−5 − 2(1,012) + (−0,986)] = [−8,01] = −2,003
4 4
1 1
y 4 = [−1 − 3(−2,003) − 2(−0,986)] = [6,98] = 0,997
7 7
4
1 1
z = [−10 − (−2,003) + 3(0,997)] = [−5,006] = −1,001
5 5

Iteración 5:
1 1
x 5 = [−5 − 2(0,997) + (−1,001)] = [−7,995] = −1,999
4 4
5
1 1
y = [−1 − 3(−1,999) − 2(−1,001)] = [6,999] = 1
7 7
1 1
z 5 = [−10 − (−1,999) + 3(1)] = [−5,002] = −1
5 5

Iteración 6:
1 1
x 6 = [−5 − 2(1) + (−1)] = [−8] = −2
4 4
6
1 1
y = [−1 − 3(−2) − 2(−1)] = [7,001] = 1
7 7
1 1
z 6 = [−10 − (−2) + 3(1)] = [−5] = −1
5 5
Iteración 7:
1 1
x 7 = [−5 − 2(1) + (−1)] = [−8] = −2
4 4
1 1
y 7 = [−1 − 3(−2) − 2(−1)] = [7] = 1
7 7
7
1 1
z = [−10 − (−2) + 3(1)] = [−5] = −1
5 5
Así la solución por este método es:
𝑥 = −2, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = −1

Sergio Isaí Stone Chávez